Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, July 30, 2024      USDL-24-1567
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2024

The number of job openings was unchanged at 8.2 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, both the number of hires and total 
separations were little changed at 5.3 million and 5.1 million, respectively. Within separations, quits 
(3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 
by establishment size class. 
       
Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the number of job openings was unchanged at 8.2 million and was 
down by 941,000 over the year. The job openings rate held at 4.9 percent in June. Job openings 
increased in accommodation and food services (+120,000) and in state and local government, excluding 
education (+94,000). The number of job openings decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-88,000) 
and in federal government (-62,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.3 million in June but was down by 554,000 over the year. 
The hires rate, at 3.4 percent, changed little in June. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in June changed little at 5.1 million. This measure was down by 
544,000 over the year. The total separations rate was little changed at 3.2 percent in June. Total 
separations decreased in state and local government education (-51,000) and in arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (-39,000). (See table 3.)

In June, the number of quits was little changed at 3.3 million but was down by 434,000 over the year. 
The quits rate was unchanged at 2.1 percent in June. Quits decreased in construction (-64,000) and in 
state and local government education (-55,000). (See table 4.)

In June, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million, and the rate decreased to 0.9 
percent. Layoffs and discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-26,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June at 314,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In June, for establishments with 1 to 9 employees, the job openings rate, hires rate, and total separations 
rate changed little. For establishments with 5,000 or more employees, the layoffs and discharges rate 
decreased, while the job openings rate and total separations rate changed little. The hires rate was 
unchanged. (See table 7.)

May 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for May was revised up by 90,000 to 8.2 million, the number of hires was 
revised down by 101,000 to 5.7 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 
25,000 to 5.4 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised down by 56,000 to 3.4 
million, and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 24,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, September 4, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,125	8,230	8,184	5,895	5,655	5,341	5,639	5,397	5,095
Total private	8,021	7,192	7,090	5,513	5,291	4,983	5,311	5,050	4,806
Mining and logging	29	26	20	26	19	19	27	21	20
Construction	414	366	295	374	369	328	310	354	274
Manufacturing	578	586	486	383	354	345	379	352	358
Durable goods	370	411	323	202	213	202	188	211	213
Nondurable goods	208	175	164	181	141	144	191	142	145
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,444	1,047	1,200	1,139	1,089	1,126	1,125	1,075	1,091
Wholesale trade	299	198	245	145	162	168	137	155	160
Retail trade	708	506	549	704	648	671	698	651	657
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	437	344	406	290	279	287	289	269	274
Information	142	137	112	75	91	81	82	85	72
Financial activities	435	467	419	186	226	219	174	214	197
Finance and insurance	312	347	308	112	140	143	109	130	132
Real estate and rental and leasing	123	121	111	74	86	76	65	84	65
Professional and business services	1,528	1,512	1,485	1,062	1,089	974	1,082	1,002	1,007
Private education and health services	1,920	1,873	1,787	921	879	864	857	813	757
Private educational services	160	188	164	96	92	90	93	97	87
Health care and social assistance	1,760	1,685	1,623	825	787	774	764	716	670
Leisure and hospitality	1,172	900	1,004	1,110	960	815	1,051	927	828
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	134	153	139	200	171	137	161	156	117
Accommodation and food services	1,038	746	866	910	789	678	889	771	711
Other services	359	278	282	237	215	211	226	207	202
Government	1,104	1,038	1,094	382	365	357	328	347	289
Federal	164	168	106	49	35	41	40	32	32
State and local	940	870	988	333	330	316	287	315	257
State and local education	276	266	290	175	165	152	158	180	129
State and local, excluding education	664	604	698	158	165	164	130	135	128
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.5	4.9	4.9	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.2
Total private	5.7	5.1	5.0	4.1	3.9	3.7	4.0	3.7	3.6
Mining and logging	4.3	4.0	3.1	4.0	3.1	3.0	4.2	3.3	3.1
Construction	4.9	4.3	3.5	4.7	4.5	4.0	3.9	4.3	3.3
Manufacturing	4.3	4.3	3.6	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.8
Durable goods	4.4	4.8	3.8	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.6
Nondurable goods	4.1	3.5	3.3	3.7	2.9	3.0	3.9	2.9	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.8	3.5	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.8
Wholesale trade	4.7	3.1	3.8	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.6
Retail trade	4.3	3.1	3.4	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.7	4.6	5.3	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.8
Information	4.5	4.3	3.6	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.4
Financial activities	4.5	4.8	4.3	2.0	2.4	2.4	1.9	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	4.4	4.9	4.4	1.7	2.1	2.1	1.6	1.9	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.7	4.6	4.3	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.7	3.4	2.6
Professional and business services	6.3	6.2	6.1	4.6	4.7	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.4
Private education and health services	7.1	6.7	6.4	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.1	2.9
Private educational services	4.0	4.7	4.1	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3
Health care and social assistance	7.6	7.0	6.7	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	6.6	5.1	5.6	6.7	5.7	4.8	6.3	5.5	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.0	5.5	4.9	7.9	6.4	5.1	6.4	5.9	4.4
Accommodation and food services	6.9	5.0	5.7	6.5	5.5	4.8	6.3	5.4	5.0
Other services	5.8	4.5	4.5	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.5	3.4
Government	4.6	4.3	4.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.2
Federal	5.3	5.3	3.4	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.1
State and local	4.5	4.1	4.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.3
State and local education	2.5	2.4	2.6	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	6.7	5.9	6.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	9,125	8,355	7,919	8,230	8,184	-46	5.5	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.9	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,021	7,397	7,013	7,192	7,090	-102	5.7	5.2	4.9	5.1	5.0	-0.1
Mining and logging	29	30	24	26	20	-6	4.3	4.5	3.7	4.0	3.1	-0.9
Construction	414	346	337	366	295	-71	4.9	4.0	3.9	4.3	3.5	-0.8
Manufacturing	578	546	488	586	486	-100	4.3	4.0	3.6	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Durable goods	370	355	331	411	323	-88	4.4	4.2	3.9	4.8	3.8	-1.0
Nondurable goods	208	191	157	175	164	-11	4.1	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,444	1,039	1,016	1,047	1,200	153	4.8	3.5	3.4	3.5	4.0	0.5
Wholesale trade	299	197	189	198	245	47	4.7	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.8	0.7
Retail trade	708	507	494	506	549	43	4.3	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.4	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	437	335	334	344	406	62	5.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	5.3	0.7
Information	142	152	110	137	112	-25	4.5	4.8	3.5	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Financial activities	435	494	464	467	419	-48	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.8	4.3	-0.5
Finance and insurance	312	321	320	347	308	-39	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.9	4.4	-0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	123	173	144	121	111	-10	4.7	6.5	5.5	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Professional and business services	1,528	1,390	1,441	1,512	1,485	-27	6.3	5.7	5.9	6.2	6.1	-0.1
Private education and health services	1,920	1,908	1,770	1,873	1,787	-86	7.1	6.8	6.3	6.7	6.4	-0.3
Private educational services	160	163	218	188	164	-24	4.0	4.1	5.3	4.7	4.1	-0.6
Health care and social assistance	1,760	1,745	1,552	1,685	1,623	-62	7.6	7.3	6.5	7.0	6.7	-0.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,172	1,193	1,068	900	1,004	104	6.6	6.6	5.9	5.1	5.6	0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	134	159	151	153	139	-14	5.0	5.7	5.4	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Accommodation and food services	1,038	1,034	918	746	866	120	6.9	6.8	6.0	5.0	5.7	0.7
Other services	359	299	293	278	282	4	5.8	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.5	0.0
Government	1,104	957	906	1,038	1,094	56	4.6	4.0	3.7	4.3	4.5	0.2
Federal	164	144	139	168	106	-62	5.3	4.6	4.4	5.3	3.4	-1.9
State and local	940	813	767	870	988	118	4.5	3.9	3.6	4.1	4.6	0.5
State and local education	276	325	269	266	290	24	2.5	2.9	2.4	2.4	2.6	0.2
State and local, excluding education	664	487	498	604	698	94	6.7	4.9	5.0	5.9	6.8	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,497	1,512	1,383	1,474	1,484	10	5.1	5.1	4.7	5.0	5.0	0.0
South	3,690	3,313	3,354	3,309	3,337	28	5.9	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	0.0
Midwest	1,962	1,826	1,604	1,738	1,665	-73	5.6	5.2	4.5	4.9	4.7	-0.2
West	1,976	1,703	1,577	1,709	1,698	-11	5.1	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.4	0.0
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	5,895	5,617	5,615	5,655	5,341	-314	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,513	5,232	5,245	5,291	4,983	-308	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Mining and logging	26	20	15	19	19	0	4.0	3.1	2.3	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Construction	374	374	341	369	328	-41	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.5	4.0	-0.5
Manufacturing	383	319	383	354	345	-9	3.0	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Durable goods	202	182	232	213	202	-11	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Nondurable goods	181	137	152	141	144	3	3.7	2.9	3.2	2.9	3.0	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,139	1,032	1,135	1,089	1,126	37	3.9	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.9	0.1
Wholesale trade	145	134	156	162	168	6	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.6	2.7	0.1
Retail trade	704	654	693	648	671	23	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.1	4.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	290	244	286	279	287	8	4.0	3.4	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
Information	75	86	80	91	81	-10	2.5	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Financial activities	186	194	197	226	219	-7	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.4	0.0
Finance and insurance	112	115	123	140	143	3	1.7	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.1	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	74	79	73	86	76	-10	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Professional and business services	1,062	1,113	1,001	1,089	974	-115	4.6	4.9	4.4	4.7	4.2	-0.5
Private education and health services	921	876	897	879	864	-15	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	0.0
Private educational services	96	91	94	92	90	-2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	825	786	804	787	774	-13	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,110	1,038	996	960	815	-145	6.7	6.1	5.9	5.7	4.8	-0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	200	193	153	171	137	-34	7.9	7.3	5.8	6.4	5.1	-1.3
Accommodation and food services	910	845	843	789	678	-111	6.5	5.9	5.9	5.5	4.8	-0.7
Other services	237	180	200	215	211	-4	4.1	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.6	0.0
Government	382	385	370	365	357	-8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Federal	49	44	37	35	41	6	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
State and local	333	341	333	330	316	-14	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
State and local education	175	167	181	165	152	-13	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.4	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	158	174	152	165	164	-1	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.7	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	872	890	778	828	868	40	3.1	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.1	0.2
South	2,526	2,303	2,364	2,315	2,094	-221	4.3	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.5	-0.4
Midwest	1,189	1,160	1,220	1,258	1,143	-115	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.4	-0.3
West	1,308	1,265	1,253	1,254	1,235	-19	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	5,639	5,330	5,337	5,397	5,095	-302	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.2	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,311	5,000	4,985	5,050	4,806	-244	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Mining and logging	27	21	20	21	20	-1	4.2	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Construction	310	352	355	354	274	-80	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.3	3.3	-1.0
Manufacturing	379	332	383	352	358	6	2.9	2.6	3.0	2.7	2.8	0.1
Durable goods	188	185	230	211	213	2	2.3	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.6	0.0
Nondurable goods	191	147	154	142	145	3	3.9	3.0	3.2	2.9	3.0	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,125	999	1,039	1,075	1,091	16	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	137	130	146	155	160	5	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.6	0.1
Retail trade	698	636	632	651	657	6	4.5	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	289	232	262	269	274	5	4.0	3.3	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Information	82	77	72	85	72	-13	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.8	2.4	-0.4
Financial activities	174	184	198	214	197	-17	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	109	117	122	130	132	2	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.0	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	67	76	84	65	-19	2.7	2.7	3.1	3.4	2.6	-0.8
Professional and business services	1,082	1,097	920	1,002	1,007	5	4.7	4.8	4.0	4.4	4.4	0.0
Private education and health services	857	772	816	813	757	-56	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.1	2.9	-0.2
Private educational services	93	92	88	97	87	-10	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	764	680	728	716	670	-46	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,051	1,018	985	927	828	-99	6.3	6.0	5.8	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	161	183	158	156	117	-39	6.4	6.9	6.0	5.9	4.4	-1.5
Accommodation and food services	889	834	827	771	711	-60	6.3	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.0	-0.4
Other services	226	150	195	207	202	-5	3.9	2.5	3.3	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Government	328	330	353	347	289	-58	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.2	-0.3
Federal	40	35	35	32	32	0	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
State and local	287	295	318	315	257	-58	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.3	-0.3
State and local education	158	154	169	180	129	-51	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.2	-0.5
State and local, excluding education	130	141	149	135	128	-7	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.3	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	834	880	835	847	786	-61	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.8	-0.2
South	2,394	2,119	2,089	2,077	2,104	27	4.1	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5	0.0
Midwest	1,186	1,188	1,167	1,123	1,014	-109	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.0	-0.3
West	1,225	1,143	1,246	1,350	1,190	-160	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	3,716	3,409	3,452	3,403	3,282	-121	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.1	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,529	3,231	3,239	3,192	3,132	-60	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Mining and logging	16	12	13	14	11	-3	2.5	1.9	2.1	2.2	1.7	-0.5
Construction	175	156	191	188	124	-64	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.3	1.5	-0.8
Manufacturing	246	186	223	214	213	-1	1.9	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Durable goods	117	98	132	129	129	0	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
Nondurable goods	129	87	90	86	84	-2	2.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	774	663	697	724	714	-10	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	0.0
Wholesale trade	100	84	90	99	97	-2	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.6	0.0
Retail trade	500	440	463	478	465	-13	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	138	145	147	152	5	2.4	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1	0.1
Information	43	40	39	48	39	-9	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Financial activities	124	115	99	117	136	19	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.5	0.2
Finance and insurance	75	81	60	72	96	24	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	50	33	39	46	40	-6	2.0	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Professional and business services	590	691	509	510	592	82	2.6	3.0	2.2	2.2	2.6	0.4
Private education and health services	628	563	597	594	563	-31	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Private educational services	55	55	54	59	54	-5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	573	509	543	536	509	-27	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	806	721	726	654	606	-48	4.9	4.3	4.3	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	101	78	86	74	62	-12	4.0	2.9	3.3	2.8	2.3	-0.5
Accommodation and food services	705	643	640	580	544	-36	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Other services	127	84	144	128	134	6	2.2	1.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
Government	187	178	214	211	150	-61	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.6	-0.3
Federal	19	15	16	15	15	0	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	168	163	197	195	136	-59	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.7	-0.3
State and local education	103	79	110	122	67	-55	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.1	0.6	-0.5
State and local, excluding education	65	83	87	74	69	-5	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.7	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	472	536	495	501	482	-19	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	-0.1
South	1,645	1,460	1,443	1,384	1,420	36	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4	0.1
Midwest	787	735	781	720	672	-48	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.0	-0.1
West	812	678	734	797	708	-89	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	1,589	1,601	1,542	1,678	1,498	-180	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,504	1,511	1,461	1,595	1,420	-175	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Mining and logging	10	7	5	6	7	1	1.5	1.1	0.8	0.9	1.2	0.3
Construction	121	178	152	150	133	-17	1.5	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Manufacturing	113	124	136	119	124	5	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
Durable goods	61	73	84	68	72	4	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.1
Nondurable goods	52	50	52	50	52	2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	300	268	277	296	317	21	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Wholesale trade	29	42	47	50	49	-1	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Retail trade	172	151	128	136	161	25	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	98	76	102	110	107	-3	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.5	1.5	0.0
Information	27	34	28	34	29	-5	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Financial activities	33	51	70	83	45	-38	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.5	-0.4
Finance and insurance	18	25	41	49	23	-26	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.3	-0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	15	26	29	34	22	-12	0.6	1.0	1.2	1.4	0.9	-0.5
Professional and business services	415	358	354	419	389	-30	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Private education and health services	184	172	178	174	150	-24	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Private educational services	32	32	31	32	27	-5	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	152	140	147	143	122	-21	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	227	269	230	251	175	-76	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.0	-0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	56	104	68	76	51	-25	2.2	3.9	2.6	2.9	1.9	-1.0
Accommodation and food services	171	165	162	175	124	-51	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Other services	74	51	30	61	52	-9	1.3	0.9	0.5	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Government	86	91	81	84	79	-5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Federal	8	7	7	7	5	-2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	78	84	74	77	74	-3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	36	54	38	40	43	3	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	42	30	36	37	31	-6	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	271	284	281	289	241	-48	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
South	637	539	517	575	566	-9	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
Midwest	322	384	314	327	295	-32	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
West	359	394	429	488	396	-92	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
Total	334	320	343	316	314	-2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	278	258	284	263	254	-9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	1	2	2	2	0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Construction	14	19	11	15	17	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing	20	22	25	20	21	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	11	13	14	13	12	-1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Nondurable goods	10	9	11	6	9	3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	50	67	65	55	60	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	8	4	9	6	14	8	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	26	45	42	37	31	-6	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	18	15	12	15	3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Information	12	3	5	3	4	1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Financial activities	18	19	29	14	17	3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finance and insurance	17	11	21	9	14	5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	8	8	5	3	-2	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Professional and business services	77	48	57	72	26	-46	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Private education and health services	45	37	41	44	44	0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Private educational services	7	5	3	7	5	-2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	38	31	38	37	39	2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	17	28	29	22	47	25	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	2	4	6	4	-2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	13	26	25	16	43	27	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Other services	24	15	21	18	16	-2	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Government	55	61	58	53	60	7	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Federal	14	12	12	11	12	1	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	42	49	47	42	48	6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	19	21	21	19	20	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	22	28	26	24	28	4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	90	60	59	57	62	5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	112	120	129	119	119	0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	77	69	72	77	47	-30	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
West	54	71	83	65	87	22	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)	June 2023	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024(p)	Change from: May 2024 - June 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,021	7,397	7,013	7,192	7,090	-102	5.7	5.2	4.9	5.1	5.0	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	1,429	1,516	1,562	1,581	1,746	165	6.2	6.7	6.5	6.5	7.0	0.5
10 to 49 employees	2,363	2,144	2,082	2,174	1,961	-213	5.3	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.4	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	2,403	2,002	1,822	1,828	1,823	-5	5.5	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.5	0.1
250 to 999 employees	1,010	920	840	846	824	-22	5.6	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.4	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	549	562	465	494	481	-13	6.9	6.0	5.7	6.0	5.7	-0.3
5,000 or more employees	266	253	243	270	255	-15	6.6	5.0	5.0	5.4	5.1	-0.3
HIRES
Total private	5,513	5,232	5,245	5,291	4,983	-308	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.7	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	831	886	768	772	868	96	3.9	4.2	3.4	3.4	3.7	0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,691	1,741	1,762	1,869	1,710	-159	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.0	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,910	1,539	1,594	1,564	1,419	-145	4.6	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.7	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	743	669	702	671	597	-74	4.3	3.4	3.9	3.9	3.4	-0.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	259	319	323	318	294	-24	3.5	3.6	4.2	4.1	3.7	-0.4
5,000 or more employees	79	79	97	97	96	-1	2.1	1.6	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,311	5,000	4,985	5,050	4,806	-244	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	815	737	684	832	803	-29	3.8	3.5	3.1	3.7	3.4	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,714	1,742	1,665	1,560	1,568	8	4.1	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.7	0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,696	1,528	1,588	1,573	1,471	-102	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.8	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	723	650	691	710	605	-105	4.2	3.4	3.9	4.1	3.4	-0.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	293	271	273	288	284	-4	3.9	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	71	72	83	88	75	-13	1.9	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.6	-0.2
QUITS
Total private	3,529	3,231	3,239	3,192	3,132	-60	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	480	485	426	457	530	73	2.2	2.3	1.9	2.0	2.3	0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,181	1,172	1,163	1,123	1,150	27	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.7	0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,231	993	1,038	1,004	909	-95	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.4	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	431	391	405	394	340	-54	2.5	2.0	2.3	2.3	1.9	-0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	162	148	158	168	158	-10	2.2	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.0	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	45	42	49	47	45	-2	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	-0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,504	1,511	1,461	1,595	1,420	-175	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	263	214	217	299	225	-74	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	453	493	383	372	336	-36	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	411	450	482	499	491	-8	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	0.0
250 to 999 employees	250	231	257	290	235	-55	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.3	-0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	108	103	100	104	112	8	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
5,000 or more employees	17	18	24	31	21	-10	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.4	-0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	278	258	284	263	254	-9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	72	37	42	77	48	-29	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	80	77	118	66	82	16	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	54	85	68	70	71	1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	41	28	29	25	30	5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	23	19	16	16	14	-2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
5,000 or more employees	9	11	10	10	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	8,865	7,977	7,884	5.3	4.8	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,724	6,915	6,735	5.4	4.9	4.7
Mining and logging	28	25	18	4.2	3.7	2.7
Construction	422	395	286	4.9	4.6	3.3
Manufacturing	580	570	479	4.3	4.2	3.5
Durable goods	367	395	315	4.3	4.6	3.7
Nondurable goods	213	175	163	4.2	3.5	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,423	1,045	1,229	4.7	3.5	4.1
Wholesale trade	293	198	258	4.6	3.1	4.0
Retail trade	703	515	572	4.3	3.2	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	427	333	399	5.7	4.5	5.3
Information	131	132	101	4.1	4.2	3.2
Financial activities	416	413	380	4.3	4.3	3.9
Finance and insurance	296	306	280	4.2	4.4	4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	120	107	100	4.6	4.1	3.8
Professional and business services	1,410	1,371	1,358	5.8	5.6	5.6
Private education and health services	1,781	1,781	1,640	6.6	6.4	5.9
Private educational services	159	197	162	4.2	4.8	4.2
Health care and social assistance	1,622	1,584	1,478	7.0	6.6	6.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,174	921	967	6.3	5.1	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	126	161	107	4.3	5.6	3.5
Accommodation and food services	1,049	759	860	6.7	5.0	5.5
Other services	358	263	279	5.7	4.2	4.4
Government	1,141	1,062	1,149	4.8	4.3	4.7
Federal	164	172	102	5.3	5.4	3.3
State and local	977	890	1,046	4.7	4.1	4.9
State and local education	320	272	340	3.0	2.4	3.2
State and local, excluding education	657	619	706	6.5	6.1	6.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,439	1,446	1,419	4.9	4.9	4.8
South	3,625	3,173	3,265	5.8	5.1	5.2
Midwest	1,915	1,744	1,585	5.4	4.9	4.5
West	1,886	1,614	1,615	4.9	4.1	4.1
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	6,881	6,313	6,161	4.4	4.0	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,403	5,918	5,714	4.8	4.4	4.2
Mining and logging	29	21	22	4.5	3.4	3.5
Construction	448	443	384	5.5	5.4	4.6
Manufacturing	480	399	428	3.7	3.1	3.3
Durable goods	237	241	235	2.9	3.0	2.9
Nondurable goods	243	158	193	5.0	3.3	4.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,224	1,147	1,224	4.2	4.0	4.2
Wholesale trade	165	178	194	2.7	2.9	3.1
Retail trade	799	713	770	5.1	4.6	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	261	257	260	3.7	3.6	3.7
Information	84	99	89	2.7	3.3	2.9
Financial activities	188	262	226	2.0	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	110	152	150	1.6	2.3	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	110	76	3.1	4.4	3.0
Professional and business services	1,177	1,123	1,065	5.1	4.9	4.6
Private education and health services	1,028	906	925	4.1	3.4	3.5
Private educational services	122	84	115	3.4	2.2	3.2
Health care and social assistance	906	821	810	4.2	3.7	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,438	1,248	1,069	8.3	7.3	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	332	308	221	11.7	11.3	7.5
Accommodation and food services	1,106	940	848	7.6	6.5	5.8
Other services	307	270	283	5.2	4.6	4.7
Government	479	395	446	2.1	1.7	1.9
Federal	47	38	41	1.6	1.3	1.4
State and local	431	356	406	2.2	1.7	2.0
State and local education	170	108	139	1.7	1.0	1.3
State and local, excluding education	262	248	266	2.8	2.6	2.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,081	955	1,068	3.9	3.4	3.8
South	2,833	2,528	2,320	4.8	4.2	3.9
Midwest	1,468	1,491	1,373	4.4	4.4	4.1
West	1,499	1,338	1,400	4.1	3.6	3.7
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	5,975	5,397	5,316	3.8	3.4	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,477	4,993	4,891	4.1	3.7	3.6
Mining and logging	25	23	18	3.8	3.6	2.8
Construction	301	309	255	3.7	3.7	3.0
Manufacturing	400	360	369	3.1	2.8	2.8
Durable goods	197	220	219	2.4	2.7	2.7
Nondurable goods	203	140	149	4.2	2.9	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,065	1,017	1,044	3.7	3.5	3.6
Wholesale trade	147	166	172	2.4	2.7	2.8
Retail trade	654	645	623	4.2	4.1	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	264	206	249	3.7	2.9	3.5
Information	85	89	73	2.8	3.0	2.4
Financial activities	171	202	192	1.8	2.2	2.1
Finance and insurance	108	124	132	1.6	1.8	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	63	78	60	2.5	3.1	2.4
Professional and business services	1,109	1,010	1,037	4.8	4.4	4.5
Private education and health services	974	858	845	3.9	3.3	3.2
Private educational services	158	133	143	4.3	3.4	3.9
Health care and social assistance	817	724	702	3.8	3.2	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,091	906	833	6.3	5.3	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	110	98	5.1	4.0	3.3
Accommodation and food services	947	796	736	6.5	5.5	5.0
Other services	256	218	225	4.3	3.7	3.8
Government	498	404	424	2.2	1.7	1.8
Federal	41	32	33	1.4	1.1	1.1
State and local	457	373	391	2.3	1.8	1.9
State and local education	326	262	266	3.2	2.4	2.6
State and local, excluding education	131	111	125	1.4	1.2	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	895	793	826	3.2	2.8	2.9
South	2,555	2,134	2,227	4.3	3.6	3.7
Midwest	1,263	1,145	1,062	3.8	3.4	3.1
West	1,262	1,325	1,201	3.4	3.6	3.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	3,995	3,534	3,489	2.5	2.2	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,696	3,279	3,269	2.8	2.4	2.4
Mining and logging	17	15	11	2.6	2.4	1.7
Construction	189	194	139	2.3	2.3	1.7
Manufacturing	276	226	235	2.1	1.7	1.8
Durable goods	129	137	141	1.6	1.7	1.7
Nondurable goods	147	88	94	3.0	1.8	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	756	730	700	2.6	2.5	2.4
Wholesale trade	109	103	108	1.8	1.7	1.7
Retail trade	477	499	445	3.1	3.2	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	170	127	147	2.4	1.8	2.1
Information	44	49	39	1.4	1.6	1.3
Financial activities	122	114	135	1.3	1.2	1.5
Finance and insurance	69	71	91	1.0	1.1	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	53	43	44	2.1	1.7	1.7
Professional and business services	628	504	638	2.7	2.2	2.8
Private education and health services	681	606	610	2.7	2.3	2.3
Private educational services	84	72	81	2.3	1.9	2.2
Health care and social assistance	597	534	528	2.8	2.4	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	846	697	618	4.9	4.1	3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	109	62	67	3.9	2.3	2.3
Accommodation and food services	737	635	551	5.1	4.4	3.7
Other services	138	143	145	2.3	2.4	2.4
Government	299	254	220	1.3	1.1	0.9
Federal	20	15	16	0.7	0.5	0.5
State and local	279	239	205	1.4	1.2	1.0
State and local education	206	169	134	2.0	1.5	1.3
State and local, excluding education	74	70	71	0.8	0.7	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	496	513	493	1.8	1.8	1.7
South	1,796	1,426	1,534	3.1	2.4	2.6
Midwest	851	777	737	2.6	2.3	2.2
West	852	817	725	2.3	2.2	1.9
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	1,601	1,576	1,477	1.0	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,492	1,478	1,366	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mining and logging	7	5	6	1.0	0.8	0.9
Construction	102	104	100	1.2	1.3	1.2
Manufacturing	104	116	113	0.8	0.9	0.9
Durable goods	58	70	68	0.7	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	46	46	45	0.9	1.0	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	264	238	291	0.9	0.8	1.0
Wholesale trade	31	58	52	0.5	0.9	0.8
Retail trade	153	112	151	1.0	0.7	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	80	68	88	1.1	1.0	1.2
Information	30	38	30	1.0	1.3	1.0
Financial activities	29	74	38	0.3	0.8	0.4
Finance and insurance	21	44	24	0.3	0.7	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	8	29	14	0.3	1.2	0.5
Professional and business services	394	447	372	1.7	1.9	1.6
Private education and health services	237	204	181	0.9	0.8	0.7
Private educational services	61	52	52	1.7	1.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	176	152	129	0.8	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	230	193	169	1.3	1.1	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	31	42	26	1.1	1.5	0.9
Accommodation and food services	199	152	143	1.4	1.0	1.0
Other services	95	58	65	1.6	1.0	1.1
Government	109	99	111	0.5	0.4	0.5
Federal	7	7	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	102	92	106	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local education	69	71	83	0.7	0.6	0.8
State and local, excluding education	33	21	23	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	298	234	259	1.1	0.8	0.9
South	632	602	564	1.1	1.0	0.9
Midwest	319	287	272	1.0	0.9	0.8
West	352	453	382	1.0	1.2	1.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
Total	379	287	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	290	236	256	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	2	0.1	0.4	0.3
Construction	11	12	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	20	18	21	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	10	13	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	10	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	46	49	53	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	7	4	13	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	24	34	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	14	11	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Information	12	2	4	0.4	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	19	14	19	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	18	9	16	0.3	0.1	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	5	3	0.0	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	87	59	27	0.4	0.3	0.1
Private education and health services	56	47	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Private educational services	13	9	10	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	44	38	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	16	16	46	0.1	0.1	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	7	4	0.1	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	11	9	42	0.1	0.1	0.3
Other services	23	17	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Government	89	51	94	0.4	0.2	0.4
Federal	14	10	13	0.5	0.3	0.4
State and local	75	41	80	0.4	0.2	0.4
State and local education	51	21	50	0.5	0.2	0.5
State and local, excluding education	24	20	31	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	101	45	73	0.4	0.2	0.3
South	126	106	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	94	81	53	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	58	55	93	0.2	0.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)	June 2023	May 2024	June 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,724	6,915	6,735	5.4	4.9	4.7
1 to 9 employees	1,237	1,337	1,500	5.4	5.6	6.0
10 to 49 employees	2,304	2,200	1,908	5.2	4.8	4.2
50 to 249 employees	2,438	1,841	1,849	5.5	4.5	4.5
250 to 999 employees	1,003	844	810	5.5	4.7	4.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	502	445	431	6.3	5.4	5.1
5,000 or more employees	240	248	236	6.0	5.0	4.7
HIRES
Total private	6,403	5,918	5,714	4.8	4.4	4.2
1 to 9 employees	872	766	920	4.0	3.4	3.9
10 to 49 employees	2,004	2,235	2,025	4.8	5.1	4.7
50 to 249 employees	2,313	1,812	1,694	5.5	4.6	4.4
250 to 999 employees	862	718	683	5.0	4.2	3.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	264	292	282	3.5	3.7	3.5
5,000 or more employees	88	95	111	2.3	2.0	2.3
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,477	4,993	4,891	4.1	3.7	3.6
1 to 9 employees	796	787	791	3.7	3.5	3.4
10 to 49 employees	1,784	1,578	1,628	4.2	3.6	3.8
50 to 249 employees	1,777	1,583	1,495	4.2	4.0	3.8
250 to 999 employees	753	706	615	4.4	4.1	3.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	285	252	274	3.8	3.2	3.4
5,000 or more employees	83	87	89	2.2	1.8	1.9
QUITS
Total private	3,696	3,279	3,269	2.8	2.4	2.4
1 to 9 employees	494	429	553	2.3	1.9	2.4
10 to 49 employees	1,211	1,180	1,194	2.9	2.7	2.8
50 to 249 employees	1,307	1,059	951	3.1	2.7	2.4
250 to 999 employees	468	410	362	2.7	2.4	2.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	164	153	157	2.2	2.0	2.0
5,000 or more employees	52	49	51	1.4	1.0	1.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,492	1,478	1,366	1.1	1.1	1.0
1 to 9 employees	233	299	194	1.1	1.3	0.8
10 to 49 employees	488	341	347	1.2	0.8	0.8
50 to 249 employees	414	454	471	1.0	1.2	1.2
250 to 999 employees	243	273	223	1.4	1.6	1.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	93	84	103	1.2	1.1	1.3
5,000 or more employees	22	27	28	0.6	0.6	0.6
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	290	236	256	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	69	59	44	0.3	0.3	0.2
10 to 49 employees	85	57	86	0.2	0.1	0.2
50 to 249 employees	56	70	73	0.1	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	43	24	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	28	15	14	0.4	0.2	0.2
5,000 or more employees	9	11	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.