For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 6, 2019	USDL-19-1431

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                            JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.3 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 
5.7 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 
percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the job openings level was little changed at 7.3 million. The job 
openings rate was 4.6 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 
government. The job openings level increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+38,000) as well as 
state and local government education (+20,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all 
four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in June. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government.  Hires increased in 
accommodation and food services (+76,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.5 million in June. The total separations rate was 
3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. The 
total separations level increased in accommodation and food services (+101,000). The number of total 
separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in June at 3.4 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The quits 
level was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-19,000). Quits decreased in 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-35,000) and state and local government, excluding education 
(-14,000), but increased in construction (+34,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in June at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 
for government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services 
(-89,000) as well as arts, entertainment, and recreation (-38,000), but increased in accommodation and 
food services (+74,000). The layoffs and discharges level decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 
5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June. The other separations level edged up for 
total private (+43,000) and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in other 
services (+18,000), accommodation and food services (+14,000), and information (+6,000). The number 
of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 69.4 million and 
separations totaled 66.9 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, September 10, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,393	7,384	7,348	5,833	5,760	5,702	5,565	5,557	5,481
Total private	6,752	6,680	6,629	5,460	5,398	5,351	5,210	5,208	5,146
Mining and logging(1)	28	30	31	43	27	21	35	24	23
Construction(1)	323	376	347	378	387	414	370	390	410
Manufacturing	475	503	503	370	340	324	342	334	318
Durable goods(1)	296	320	319	212	193	195	182	188	183
Nondurable goods(1)	178	183	183	157	147	128	160	147	135
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,505	1,352	1,408	1,140	1,161	1,166	1,127	1,134	1,097
Wholesale trade	210	220	214	135	164	156	130	148	153
Retail trade	1,003	815	888	765	770	795	779	768	760
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	292	317	306	239	227	216	219	219	183
Information(1)	130	107	105	92	99	87	97	91	93
Financial activities	381	352	375	238	217	213	229	211	213
Finance and insurance	280	266	251	163	139	125	157	134	123
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	101	86	124	75	78	88	72	78	89
Professional and business services	1,271	1,313	1,329	1,212	1,172	1,100	1,151	1,139	1,055
Education and health services	1,321	1,329	1,342	695	675	680	641	622	613
Educational services(1)	145	122	125	98	98	98	68	95	91
Health care and social assistance	1,176	1,207	1,217	598	577	582	573	527	522
Leisure and hospitality	1,071	1,027	934	1,078	1,100	1,142	1,018	1,047	1,115
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	161	110	99	190	167	133	195	173	141
Accommodation and food services	910	916	835	888	933	1,009	823	874	975
Other services	246	292	256	215	220	204	200	215	209
Government	641	704	719	373	361	351	355	349	335
Federal(1)	115	110	105	33	32	33	31	34	34
State and local	526	595	613	341	329	318	323	315	301
State and local education	190	212	232	175	171	171	161	178	175
State and local, excluding education(1)	336	383	382	166	158	147	163	137	126
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.7	4.7	4.6	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6
Total private	5.1	4.9	4.9	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging(1)	3.7	3.8	4.0	5.9	3.5	2.8	4.8	3.2	3.0
Construction(1)	4.2	4.8	4.4	5.2	5.2	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.5
Manufacturing	3.6	3.8	3.8	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5
Durable goods(1)	3.6	3.8	3.8	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods(1)	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.4	3.1	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.2	4.6	4.8	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9
Wholesale trade	3.5	3.6	3.5	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.6
Retail trade	6.0	4.9	5.3	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.0
Information(1)	4.4	3.7	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.3
Financial activities	4.3	3.9	4.2	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5
Finance and insurance	4.2	4.0	3.8	2.6	2.2	2.0	2.5	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	4.3	3.6	5.1	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.9
Professional and business services	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.1	5.5	5.3	4.9
Education and health services	5.3	5.2	5.2	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.5
Educational services(1)	3.7	3.1	3.2	2.6	2.6	2.6	1.8	2.5	2.4
Health care and social assistance	5.6	5.6	5.6	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	6.1	5.8	5.3	6.6	6.6	6.8	6.2	6.3	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6.3	4.3	3.9	8.0	6.8	5.4	8.2	7.0	5.7
Accommodation and food services	6.1	6.0	5.5	6.4	6.6	7.1	5.9	6.1	6.8
Other services	4.0	4.7	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.5
Government	2.8	3.0	3.1	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal(1)	3.9	3.8	3.6	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2
State and local	2.6	2.9	3.0	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5
State and local education	1.8	2.0	2.2	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.5	4.0	3.9	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.4
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	7,393	7,142	7,474	7,372	7,384	7,348	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,752	6,437	6,772	6,635	6,680	6,629	5.1	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.9
Mining and logging(3)	28	27	28	32	30	31	3.7	3.5	3.5	4.0	3.8	4.0
Construction(3)	323	287	364	434	376	347	4.2	3.7	4.7	5.5	4.8	4.4
Manufacturing	475	480	461	496	503	503	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.8
Durable goods(3)	296	305	304	318	320	319	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.8
Nondurable goods(3)	178	175	158	179	183	183	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.6	3.7	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,505	1,340	1,385	1,435	1,352	1,408	5.2	4.6	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	210	220	220	262	220	214	3.5	3.6	3.6	4.2	3.6	3.5
Retail trade	1,003	861	825	818	815	888	6.0	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	292	258	340	355	317	306	4.7	4.1	5.3	5.5	4.9	4.8
Information(3)	130	133	137	130	107	105	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4	3.7	3.6
Financial activities	381	334	356	354	352	375	4.3	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.2
Finance and insurance	280	268	234	224	266	251	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.4	4.0	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	101	65	122	130	86	124	4.3	2.8	5.0	5.3	3.6	5.1
Professional and business services	1,271	1,424	1,413	1,260	1,313	1,329	5.7	6.3	6.2	5.6	5.8	5.8
Education and health services	1,321	1,212	1,355	1,254	1,329	1,342	5.3	4.8	5.3	4.9	5.2	5.2
Educational services(3)	145	100	111	147	122	125	3.7	2.6	2.9	3.7	3.1	3.2
Health care and social assistance	1,176	1,112	1,244	1,107	1,207	1,217	5.6	5.2	5.8	5.2	5.6	5.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,071	988	1,035	1,022	1,027	934	6.1	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	161	106	106	105	110	99	6.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.9
Accommodation and food services	910	882	929	917	916	835	6.1	5.9	6.1	6.1	6.0	5.5
Other services	246	214	238	217	292	256	4.0	3.5	3.9	3.5	4.7	4.1
Government	641	705	702	737	704	719	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.1
Federal(3)	115	130	117	151	110	105	3.9	4.5	4.0	5.1	3.8	3.6
State and local	526	575	585	587	595	613	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.0
State and local education	190	224	228	215	212	232	1.8	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.2
State and local, excluding education(3)	336	350	357	372	383	382	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,262	1,201	1,224	1,065	1,271	1,250	4.4	4.2	4.2	3.7	4.4	4.3
South	2,696	2,698	2,846	2,827	2,754	2,703	4.7	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.7
Midwest	1,776	1,641	1,729	1,796	1,697	1,716	5.1	4.7	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.9
West	1,658	1,602	1,675	1,684	1,662	1,679	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	5,833	5,695	5,697	5,991	5,760	5,702	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,460	5,333	5,345	5,613	5,398	5,351	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.2
Mining and logging	43	35	39	28	27	21	5.9	4.6	5.2	3.7	3.5	2.8
Construction	378	367	364	420	387	414	5.2	4.9	4.9	5.6	5.2	5.5
Manufacturing	370	351	357	367	340	324	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.5
Durable goods	212	192	190	212	193	195	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	157	159	167	155	147	128	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.1	2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,140	1,143	1,094	1,146	1,161	1,166	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.2	4.2
Wholesale trade	135	147	134	156	164	156	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.6
Retail trade	765	744	725	756	770	795	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.9	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	239	252	235	234	227	216	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.5
Information	92	85	95	87	99	87	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.1
Financial activities	238	197	191	235	217	213	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.5
Finance and insurance	163	133	131	144	139	125	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	64	60	91	78	88	3.3	2.8	2.6	3.9	3.4	3.8
Professional and business services	1,212	1,175	1,173	1,253	1,172	1,100	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.5	5.1
Education and health services	695	715	720	726	675	680	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8
Educational services	98	99	93	108	98	98	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.6
Health care and social assistance	598	617	627	618	577	582	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,078	1,079	1,106	1,129	1,100	1,142	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.6	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	190	178	171	161	167	133	8.0	7.2	6.9	6.5	6.8	5.4
Accommodation and food services	888	901	935	968	933	1,009	6.4	6.4	6.6	6.8	6.6	7.1
Other services	215	186	205	223	220	204	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.4
Government	373	362	352	379	361	351	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
Federal	33	36	39	38	32	33	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.2
State and local	341	326	313	340	329	318	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6
State and local education	175	169	170	171	171	171	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education	166	157	144	170	158	147	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	942	884	895	944	957	894	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.2
South	2,310	2,360	2,342	2,368	2,261	2,266	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.1
Midwest	1,307	1,258	1,195	1,304	1,233	1,274	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.8
West	1,273	1,193	1,265	1,374	1,308	1,268	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	5,565	5,576	5,508	5,687	5,557	5,481	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,210	5,206	5,171	5,335	5,208	5,146	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging	35	37	38	31	24	23	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.1	3.2	3.0
Construction	370	364	350	405	390	410	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.4	5.2	5.5
Manufacturing	342	347	364	357	334	318	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.5
Durable goods	182	192	204	205	188	183	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	160	154	161	152	147	135	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.1	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,127	1,114	1,115	1,137	1,134	1,097	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9
Wholesale trade	130	141	138	136	148	153	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.6
Retail trade	779	720	738	781	768	760	4.9	4.6	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	219	253	239	219	219	183	3.7	4.2	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.0
Information	97	89	91	105	91	93	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.8	3.2	3.3
Financial activities	229	182	172	225	211	213	2.7	2.1	2.0	2.6	2.4	2.5
Finance and insurance	157	140	120	135	134	123	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	42	51	90	78	89	3.2	1.8	2.2	3.9	3.4	3.9
Professional and business services	1,151	1,122	1,150	1,174	1,139	1,055	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.3	4.9
Education and health services	641	710	683	637	622	613	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.5
Educational services	68	110	91	91	95	91	1.8	2.9	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4
Health care and social assistance	573	600	592	546	527	522	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,018	1,044	1,014	1,067	1,047	1,115	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.4	6.3	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	195	166	132	147	173	141	8.2	6.7	5.3	6.0	7.0	5.7
Accommodation and food services	823	878	882	919	874	975	5.9	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.1	6.8
Other services	200	197	193	197	215	209	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.5
Government	355	370	337	353	349	335	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
Federal	31	36	41	32	34	34	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.2
State and local	323	335	297	321	315	301	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
State and local education	161	172	156	165	178	175	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7
State and local, excluding education	163	162	140	156	137	126	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	895	779	856	816	924	864	3.3	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.1
South	2,161	2,378	2,315	2,344	2,078	2,141	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.9
Midwest	1,237	1,203	1,160	1,236	1,216	1,228	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.7
West	1,272	1,216	1,177	1,292	1,339	1,247	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	3,354	3,447	3,461	3,516	3,478	3,433	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,160	3,259	3,278	3,327	3,277	3,251	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5
Mining and logging	20	21	23	19	15	12	2.7	2.7	3.0	2.5	2.0	1.6
Construction	177	184	149	145	168	202	2.4	2.5	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.7
Manufacturing	205	211	222	224	203	195	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5
Durable goods	110	118	118	130	114	115	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	95	93	104	93	89	80	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	746	729	738	744	784	729	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.6
Wholesale trade	77	88	102	93	105	91	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.5
Retail trade	544	494	500	524	543	538	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	125	147	137	126	136	101	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.6
Information	50	48	52	58	57	55	1.8	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.0	1.9
Financial activities	118	97	104	145	118	125	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.4
Finance and insurance	72	75	67	82	73	70	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	46	22	37	64	45	54	2.0	0.9	1.6	2.7	2.0	2.3
Professional and business services	658	645	656	647	619	615	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9
Education and health services	413	461	467	425	406	411	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7
Educational services	34	58	47	50	51	54	0.9	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	379	403	420	375	355	357	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.7
Leisure and hospitality	691	748	735	773	761	781	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	80	82	83	73	80	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.3
Accommodation and food services	614	668	653	691	688	701	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.9	4.8	4.9
Other services	83	114	132	147	144	127	1.4	1.9	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.1
Government	194	188	184	190	202	183	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Federal	14	17	22	15	16	15	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.5
State and local	180	171	162	175	186	168	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
State and local education	92	96	94	90	103	100	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
State and local, excluding education	89	75	68	85	82	68	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.7
REGION(4)
Northeast	478	425	513	448	496	497	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.8
South	1,329	1,489	1,425	1,478	1,381	1,385	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.5
Midwest	771	754	757	791	802	769	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
West	775	779	767	799	799	782	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	1,843	1,784	1,693	1,830	1,773	1,702	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,746	1,664	1,601	1,726	1,683	1,605	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2
Mining and logging	14	14	15	11	8	8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.5	1.1	1.0
Construction	179	169	181	240	211	197	2.5	2.3	2.4	3.2	2.8	2.6
Manufacturing	117	118	122	111	112	103	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	60	61	76	64	61	58	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	57	56	46	47	51	45	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	308	324	326	351	297	314	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	37	42	30	36	34	54	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.9
Retail trade	195	190	207	234	194	191	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	76	92	88	80	70	69	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.1
Information	39	30	24	33	28	27	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.0
Financial activities	74	48	32	54	65	60	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.7
Finance and insurance	52	31	22	31	35	28	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	22	17	10	23	30	32	1.0	0.7	0.4	1.0	1.3	1.4
Professional and business services	432	423	422	451	469	380	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.2	1.8
Education and health services	183	193	164	170	170	165	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Educational services	30	46	38	35	36	31	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.8
Health care and social assistance	153	147	126	135	134	133	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	300	274	262	263	257	292	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	114	84	48	63	97	59	4.8	3.4	1.9	2.5	4.0	2.4
Accommodation and food services	186	189	214	201	160	234	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.6
Other services	101	72	54	43	65	59	1.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.0
Government	97	120	92	104	90	98	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Federal	7	6	7	6	7	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local	90	114	86	97	83	90	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local education	44	53	38	52	50	52	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	46	61	48	46	33	37	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
REGION(4)
Northeast	348	282	291	325	371	293	1.3	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.1
South	710	750	748	727	579	620	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.0	1.1
Midwest	377	385	331	379	349	402	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2
West	408	368	322	398	474	388	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2019	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	368	346	354	341	306	345	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	304	284	293	282	248	291	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	3	1	1	1	3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Construction(3)	14	11	21	21	10	12	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	20	18	21	22	19	20	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	13	13	10	10	13	11	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods(3)	7	5	11	12	6	9	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	74	61	51	42	53	54	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	16	10	6	7	9	8	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	39	36	30	24	31	32	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	19	14	15	12	13	13	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information(3)	8	11	15	15	5	11	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	38	37	35	26	28	28	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	33	34	31	23	26	25	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	4	3	5	4	2	3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	62	55	72	75	51	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	45	55	52	43	46	38	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	6	5	6	8	6	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	41	49	46	37	39	32	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	22	18	30	29	42	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	1	3	2	3	2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	24	21	14	28	26	40	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services(3)	17	10	7	7	5	23	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
Government	64	62	61	60	58	55	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Federal	11	13	12	10	11	11	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	53	49	49	49	46	44	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	25	23	25	23	24	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	28	26	24	26	22	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	69	72	53	42	58	74	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	122	139	142	138	118	136	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	88	64	72	67	64	58	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	89	70	87	94	66	77	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	7,286	7,277	7,225	4.6	4.6	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,613	6,581	6,473	4.9	4.9	4.7
Mining and logging	28	30	31	3.7	3.9	3.9
Construction	323	376	347	4.1	4.7	4.3
Manufacturing	475	503	503	3.6	3.8	3.7
Durable goods	296	320	319	3.6	3.8	3.8
Nondurable goods	178	183	183	3.6	3.7	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,489	1,276	1,389	5.1	4.4	4.8
Wholesale trade	216	218	217	3.6	3.5	3.5
Retail trade	981	742	866	5.8	4.5	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	292	317	306	4.7	5.0	4.8
Information	130	107	105	4.4	3.7	3.6
Financial activities	365	335	357	4.1	3.7	3.9
Finance and insurance	264	249	232	4.0	3.8	3.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	101	86	124	4.2	3.6	5.0
Professional and business services	1,244	1,302	1,291	5.6	5.7	5.6
Education and health services	1,271	1,277	1,289	5.1	5.0	5.1
Educational services	145	122	125	4.0	3.1	3.4
Health care and social assistance	1,126	1,155	1,164	5.4	5.4	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,070	1,086	930	5.9	6.0	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	146	138	93	5.1	5.1	3.3
Accommodation and food services	924	948	837	6.1	6.2	5.4
Other services	217	290	232	3.5	4.6	3.7
Government	673	696	753	2.9	3.0	3.2
Federal	115	110	105	3.9	3.8	3.6
State and local	558	586	647	2.8	2.8	3.2
State and local education	222	203	266	2.2	1.9	2.5
State and local, excluding education	336	383	382	3.4	4.0	3.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,213	1,270	1,207	4.2	4.4	4.1
South	2,691	2,692	2,672	4.7	4.6	4.6
Midwest	1,742	1,701	1,681	5.0	4.9	4.8
West	1,640	1,614	1,665	4.5	4.4	4.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	6,669	6,368	6,477	4.4	4.2	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,210	5,986	6,043	4.9	4.6	4.7
Mining and logging	48	29	24	6.5	3.9	3.2
Construction	447	499	491	6.0	6.6	6.4
Manufacturing	451	373	395	3.5	2.9	3.1
Durable goods	252	216	235	3.2	2.7	2.9
Nondurable goods	199	156	159	4.2	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,148	1,202	1,190	4.1	4.3	4.3
Wholesale trade	154	164	176	2.6	2.8	3.0
Retail trade	770	833	818	4.9	5.3	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	224	206	196	3.8	3.4	3.2
Information	102	105	96	3.6	3.7	3.4
Financial activities	282	248	255	3.3	2.9	2.9
Finance and insurance	192	155	148	3.0	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	89	93	107	3.9	4.0	4.5
Professional and business services	1,326	1,245	1,210	6.3	5.8	5.6
Education and health services	767	625	719	3.3	2.6	3.0
Educational services	108	76	107	3.1	2.0	3.0
Health care and social assistance	659	549	611	3.3	2.7	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,349	1,366	1,389	7.9	8.0	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	324	272	220	12.0	10.7	8.0
Accommodation and food services	1,025	1,093	1,169	7.1	7.6	8.0
Other services	291	295	274	4.9	4.9	4.6
Government	459	382	434	2.1	1.7	1.9
Federal	39	37	38	1.4	1.3	1.4
State and local	420	345	395	2.1	1.7	2.0
State and local education	144	110	141	1.4	1.0	1.4
State and local, excluding education	276	234	255	2.9	2.5	2.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,160	1,127	1,093	4.2	4.1	3.9
South	2,507	2,382	2,441	4.6	4.3	4.4
Midwest	1,531	1,453	1,497	4.6	4.4	4.5
West	1,472	1,405	1,445	4.2	4.0	4.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	5,855	5,615	5,795	3.9	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,300	5,190	5,251	4.2	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging	33	24	20	4.4	3.2	2.6
Construction	335	371	376	4.5	4.9	4.9
Manufacturing	352	340	322	2.8	2.7	2.5
Durable goods	189	189	187	2.4	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	163	151	135	3.4	3.2	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,100	1,110	1,070	4.0	4.0	3.8
Wholesale trade	132	143	156	2.3	2.4	2.6
Retail trade	757	777	749	4.8	4.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	211	191	166	3.5	3.1	2.7
Information	98	91	94	3.4	3.2	3.3
Financial activities	234	211	225	2.7	2.4	2.6
Finance and insurance	161	135	129	2.5	2.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	76	96	3.2	3.3	4.1
Professional and business services	1,175	1,173	1,061	5.6	5.5	4.9
Education and health services	758	649	736	3.2	2.7	3.1
Educational services	131	122	165	3.7	3.2	4.6
Health care and social assistance	627	526	571	3.1	2.6	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,004	1,007	1,133	5.9	5.9	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	132	125	5.9	5.2	4.5
Accommodation and food services	844	875	1,008	5.9	6.1	6.9
Other services	212	214	213	3.6	3.6	3.5
Government	555	425	544	2.5	1.9	2.4
Federal	30	29	31	1.1	1.0	1.1
State and local	525	396	513	2.7	2.0	2.6
State and local education	360	264	388	3.6	2.4	3.8
State and local, excluding education	165	133	125	1.7	1.4	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	915	856	907	3.3	3.1	3.2
South	2,304	2,175	2,274	4.2	3.9	4.1
Midwest	1,278	1,212	1,287	3.9	3.6	3.8
West	1,358	1,373	1,327	3.9	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	3,627	3,588	3,722	2.4	2.4	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,324	3,332	3,420	2.6	2.6	2.6
Mining and logging	20	15	12	2.7	1.9	1.5
Construction	180	162	206	2.4	2.2	2.7
Manufacturing	217	212	204	1.7	1.7	1.6
Durable goods	115	118	118	1.4	1.5	1.5
Nondurable goods	102	94	86	2.1	2.0	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	758	807	751	2.7	2.9	2.7
Wholesale trade	79	103	92	1.4	1.7	1.5
Retail trade	555	580	561	3.5	3.7	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	123	124	98	2.1	2.1	1.6
Information	48	59	53	1.7	2.1	1.9
Financial activities	125	119	130	1.4	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	79	74	75	1.2	1.2	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	46	45	54	2.0	2.0	2.3
Professional and business services	698	624	644	3.3	2.9	3.0
Education and health services	461	407	468	2.0	1.7	1.9
Educational services	55	54	88	1.5	1.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	406	353	380	2.0	1.7	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	726	780	822	4.3	4.6	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	85	67	88	3.2	2.6	3.2
Accommodation and food services	640	713	735	4.5	4.9	5.0
Other services	92	146	130	1.5	2.5	2.2
Government	302	256	303	1.4	1.1	1.3
Federal	15	14	14	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	288	242	288	1.5	1.2	1.5
State and local education	192	148	215	1.9	1.4	2.1
State and local, excluding education	96	94	73	1.0	1.0	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	499	509	535	1.8	1.8	1.9
South	1,452	1,422	1,503	2.6	2.6	2.7
Midwest	833	841	834	2.5	2.5	2.5
West	842	816	850	2.4	2.3	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	1,804	1,715	1,673	1.2	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,673	1,609	1,538	1.3	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	11	9	5	1.4	1.1	0.7
Construction	141	199	159	1.9	2.6	2.1
Manufacturing	114	109	98	0.9	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	60	58	57	0.8	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	54	51	41	1.1	1.1	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	272	247	268	1.0	0.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	37	34	54	0.6	0.6	0.9
Retail trade	166	160	159	1.1	1.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	69	53	55	1.2	0.9	0.9
Information	41	26	30	1.4	0.9	1.1
Financial activities	69	61	63	0.8	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	46	33	25	0.7	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	23	28	38	1.0	1.2	1.6
Professional and business services	422	504	362	2.0	2.4	1.7
Education and health services	249	194	225	1.1	0.8	0.9
Educational services	69	59	66	2.0	1.6	1.8
Health care and social assistance	180	135	159	0.9	0.7	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	251	198	268	1.5	1.2	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	62	35	2.6	2.4	1.3
Accommodation and food services	181	135	234	1.3	0.9	1.6
Other services	104	63	59	1.7	1.1	1.0
Government	131	106	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Federal	5	4	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	126	101	129	0.6	0.5	0.7
State and local education	89	83	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
State and local, excluding education	37	18	29	0.4	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	335	296	285	1.2	1.1	1.0
South	709	624	613	1.3	1.1	1.1
Midwest	349	302	390	1.1	0.9	1.2
West	411	493	386	1.2	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)	June 2018	May 2019	June 2019(p)
Total	424	313	399	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	303	249	293	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	3	0.3	0.1	0.4
Construction	14	10	12	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	21	19	21	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	14	12	12	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	7	6	9	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	70	56	51	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	16	6	10	0.3	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	35	37	28	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	19	13	13	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	8	5	11	0.3	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	40	30	32	0.5	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	36	28	28	0.6	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	2	3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	56	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	48	48	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	7	9	12	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	41	39	32	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	29	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	24	26	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services	17	5	23	0.3	0.1	0.4
Government	122	64	106	0.5	0.3	0.5
Federal	11	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	111	54	96	0.6	0.3	0.5
State and local education	80	33	73	0.8	0.3	0.7
State and local, excluding education	31	21	23	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	80	51	86	0.3	0.2	0.3
South	143	129	158	0.3	0.2	0.3
Midwest	97	68	64	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	105	64	91	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.