For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 8, 2017	USDL-17-1097

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2017

The number of job openings increased to 6.2 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.4 million 
and 5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges rate were 
little changed at 2.1 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the number 
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 
geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the job openings level increased to 6.2 million (+461,000). The job 
openings rate was 4.0 percent. The number of job openings increased for total private (+417,000) and 
for government (+44,000). Job openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases 
occurring in professional and business services (+179,000), health care and social assistance (+125,000), 
and construction (+62,000). Job openings decreased in other services (-62,000). The number of job 
openings increased in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.4 million in June. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires decreased 
for educational services (-29,000), but was little changed for all other industries. Hires decreased in the 
Northeast region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in June. The total separations rate was 
3.6 percent. Total separations was little changed for total private and for government. Total separations 
decreased in state and local government, excluding education (-19,000). The number of total separations 
was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million in June. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in finance and 
insurance (-21,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in June, little changed from May. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent in June. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for 
total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all industries and 
regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June. Other separations was essentially 
unchanged for total private and for government. Other separations increased in wholesale trade 
(+18,000) and other services (+14,000). The number of other separations decreased in information  
(-9,000) and state and local government, excluding education (-9,000). In all four regions, the number of 
other separations was little changed. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 63.4 million and 
separations totaled 61.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for July 2017 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, September 12, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,535	5,702	6,163	5,176	5,459	5,356	4,940	5,245	5,224
Total private	4,991	5,171	5,588	4,819	5,126	5,026	4,603	4,914	4,912
Mining and logging(1)	11	15	23	24	38	34	27	31	25
Construction(1)	171	163	225	278	368	348	291	341	351
Manufacturing	363	350	388	280	329	322	267	325	321
Durable goods(1)	206	201	214	162	183	188	163	171	182
Nondurable goods(1)	158	149	174	118	146	135	104	153	139
Trade, transportation, and utilities	990	999	1,040	1,046	1,055	1,069	1,025	1,051	1,058
Wholesale trade(1)	172	185	221	141	126	134	138	116	128
Retail trade	600	666	624	715	731	736	699	747	735
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	218	149	196	189	198	199	188	187	195
Information(1)	85	88	81	81	73	66	71	79	70
Financial activities	305	349	374	196	220	203	177	213	193
Finance and insurance	222	266	297	126	145	126	116	132	122
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	83	83	78	70	75	78	61	81	71
Professional and business services	1,041	1,029	1,208	1,007	1,168	1,154	964	1,116	1,142
Education and health services	1,103	1,109	1,222	655	670	634	613	625	610
Educational services(1)	96	99	87	95	101	72	101	92	95
Health care and social assistance	1,007	1,010	1,135	560	569	561	512	532	515
Leisure and hospitality	736	798	819	1,022	955	978	952	942	936
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	90	58	96	190	144	152	154	137	148
Accommodation and food services	646	740	723	832	811	826	799	804	788
Other services(1)	187	270	208	229	250	217	215	192	205
Government	544	531	575	357	332	331	338	331	313
Federal(1)	99	118	108	39	29	31	34	26	30
State and local	445	414	467	317	303	300	303	305	283
State and local education	137	145	154	155	146	140	153	139	135
State and local, excluding education(1)	308	269	313	162	157	160	150	166	147
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.6
Total private	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging(1)	1.6	2.1	3.1	3.6	5.4	4.8	4.1	4.3	3.5
Construction(1)	2.5	2.3	3.2	4.2	5.3	5.0	4.3	5.0	5.1
Manufacturing	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.3	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.6	2.6
Durable goods(1)	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.4
Nondurable goods(1)	3.3	3.1	3.6	2.5	3.1	2.9	2.2	3.3	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
Wholesale trade(1)	2.9	3.0	3.6	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.0	2.2
Retail trade	3.7	4.0	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.7	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.8	2.6	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
Information(1)	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.9	2.6
Financial activities	3.5	4.0	4.2	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.5	4.1	4.5	2.1	2.3	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.5	2.9	3.7	3.2
Professional and business services	4.9	4.7	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.6	4.8	5.4	5.5
Education and health services	4.7	4.6	5.0	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6
Educational services(1)	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.7	2.8	2.0	2.8	2.5	2.6
Health care and social assistance	5.0	4.9	5.5	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	4.5	4.8	4.9	6.5	6.0	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.9	2.5	4.1	8.5	6.4	6.7	6.9	6.1	6.5
Accommodation and food services	4.6	5.2	5.0	6.2	5.9	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.8
Other services(1)	3.2	4.5	3.5	4.0	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.3	3.6
Government	2.4	2.3	2.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4
Federal(1)	3.4	4.0	3.7	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.1
State and local	2.2	2.1	2.3	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4
State and local education	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.3	2.9	3.3	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	5,535	5,682	5,785	5,967	5,702	6,163	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,991	5,179	5,244	5,410	5,171	5,588	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.3
Mining and logging(3)	11	20	25	24	15	23	1.6	2.9	3.4	3.3	2.1	3.1
Construction(3)	171	181	161	200	163	225	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.3	3.2
Manufacturing	363	364	404	365	350	388	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.7	3.0
Durable goods(3)	206	209	230	207	201	214	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.7
Nondurable goods(3)	158	155	174	158	149	174	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	990	928	948	967	999	1,040	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.7
Wholesale trade(3)	172	175	183	210	185	221	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.6
Retail trade	600	579	593	566	666	624	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.5	4.0	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	218	174	172	190	149	196	3.8	3.0	3.0	3.3	2.6	3.4
Information(3)	85	75	83	109	88	81	3.0	2.7	3.0	3.8	3.1	2.9
Financial activities	305	360	327	388	349	374	3.5	4.1	3.7	4.4	4.0	4.2
Finance and insurance	222	285	260	283	266	297	3.5	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	83	75	68	105	83	78	3.7	3.3	3.0	4.6	3.7	3.4
Professional and business services	1,041	976	1,152	1,093	1,029	1,208	4.9	4.5	5.3	5.0	4.7	5.5
Education and health services	1,103	1,241	1,103	1,111	1,109	1,222	4.7	5.1	4.6	4.6	4.6	5.0
Educational services(3)	96	126	87	91	99	87	2.6	3.4	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.3
Health care and social assistance	1,007	1,115	1,016	1,020	1,010	1,135	5.0	5.5	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	736	784	735	827	798	819	4.5	4.7	4.4	5.0	4.8	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	90	92	77	66	58	96	3.9	3.9	3.3	2.8	2.5	4.1
Accommodation and food services	646	693	657	761	740	723	4.6	4.9	4.6	5.3	5.2	5.0
Other services(3)	187	250	306	327	270	208	3.2	4.2	5.1	5.4	4.5	3.5
Government	544	503	541	557	531	575	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5
Federal(3)	99	83	91	93	118	108	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.2	4.0	3.7
State and local	445	420	450	464	414	467	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.3
State and local education	137	140	163	166	145	154	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local, excluding education(3)	308	280	288	298	269	313	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	897	1,102	1,033	1,103	1,057	1,057	3.3	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8
South	2,108	2,060	2,160	2,190	2,062	2,199	3.9	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.0
Midwest	1,244	1,285	1,349	1,424	1,296	1,488	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.4
West	1,286	1,236	1,243	1,250	1,288	1,419	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	5,176	5,249	5,304	5,043	5,459	5,356	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,819	4,905	4,975	4,720	5,126	5,026	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging	24	39	30	32	38	34	3.6	5.7	4.3	4.5	5.4	4.8
Construction	278	367	372	375	368	348	4.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.0
Manufacturing	280	296	325	314	329	322	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6
Durable goods	162	154	177	164	183	188	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	118	142	147	150	146	135	2.5	3.0	3.2	3.2	3.1	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,046	1,090	1,051	969	1,055	1,069	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	141	139	129	116	126	134	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.3
Retail trade	715	757	725	677	731	736	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.6	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	189	194	197	176	198	199	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.5
Information	81	76	77	58	73	66	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.1	2.7	2.4
Financial activities	196	190	214	185	220	203	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.6	2.4
Finance and insurance	126	122	138	119	145	126	2.1	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	68	76	66	75	78	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.0	3.4	3.5
Professional and business services	1,007	1,044	1,060	1,006	1,168	1,154	5.0	5.1	5.2	4.9	5.7	5.6
Education and health services	655	622	679	614	670	634	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.7
Educational services	95	81	96	97	101	72	2.7	2.2	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.0
Health care and social assistance	560	541	582	518	569	561	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,022	981	967	953	955	978	6.5	6.2	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	190	151	119	151	144	152	8.5	6.7	5.3	6.7	6.4	6.7
Accommodation and food services	832	831	849	802	811	826	6.2	6.1	6.3	5.9	5.9	6.1
Other services	229	199	200	213	250	217	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.7	4.3	3.8
Government	357	344	329	324	332	331	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Federal	39	35	34	34	29	31	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1
State and local	317	308	295	290	303	300	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
State and local education	155	151	143	140	146	140	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local, excluding education	162	157	152	150	157	160	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	891	864	864	888	1,017	868	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.8	3.2
South	1,895	2,105	2,057	1,963	2,109	2,153	3.6	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.0
Midwest	1,173	1,123	1,131	1,083	1,167	1,162	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.6
West	1,217	1,157	1,252	1,110	1,165	1,173	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.3	3.5	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	4,940	5,008	5,198	5,008	5,245	5,224	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,603	4,662	4,882	4,681	4,914	4,912	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging	27	32	25	23	31	25	4.1	4.7	3.6	3.3	4.3	3.5
Construction	291	339	374	377	341	351	4.3	4.9	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.1
Manufacturing	267	280	318	317	325	321	2.2	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Durable goods	163	155	173	162	171	182	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.4
Nondurable goods	104	125	146	155	153	139	2.2	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,025	1,056	1,063	948	1,051	1,058	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.5	3.8	3.9
Wholesale trade	138	135	132	116	116	128	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2
Retail trade	699	749	745	663	747	735	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.2	4.7	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	188	171	186	168	187	195	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.5
Information	71	79	79	74	79	70	2.5	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6
Financial activities	177	182	201	184	213	193	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	116	127	126	110	132	122	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	55	75	74	81	71	2.9	2.5	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.2
Professional and business services	964	999	1,033	1,001	1,116	1,142	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.9	5.4	5.5
Education and health services	613	548	635	594	625	610	2.7	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.6
Educational services	101	59	90	86	92	95	2.8	1.6	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6
Health care and social assistance	512	488	545	508	532	515	2.7	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	952	968	966	943	942	936	6.1	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	154	140	137	133	137	148	6.9	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.1	6.5
Accommodation and food services	799	828	829	810	804	788	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.8
Other services	215	179	188	220	192	205	3.8	3.1	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.6
Government	338	347	315	328	331	313	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4
Federal	34	35	37	34	26	30	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	0.9	1.1
State and local	303	312	278	293	305	283	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
State and local education	153	168	130	147	139	135	1.5	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education	150	144	148	147	166	147	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	767	866	816	808	839	847	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1
South	1,883	1,971	2,057	1,992	2,190	2,120	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.7	4.1	4.0
Midwest	1,121	1,057	1,162	1,044	1,096	1,102	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.4
West	1,169	1,114	1,163	1,165	1,119	1,155	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	2,980	3,036	3,138	3,044	3,206	3,134	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,798	2,865	2,962	2,887	3,035	2,968	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4
Mining and logging	13	17	13	11	14	14	1.9	2.5	1.9	1.6	2.0	2.0
Construction	104	162	164	159	142	138	1.5	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.0
Manufacturing	138	184	183	178	202	194	1.1	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6
Durable goods	81	97	94	94	104	103	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3
Nondurable goods	57	88	89	84	98	91	1.2	1.9	1.9	1.8	2.1	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	650	672	678	581	675	642	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.5	2.3
Wholesale trade	88	71	76	72	72	69	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
Retail trade	463	492	498	420	498	467	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.7	3.1	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	99	109	105	89	104	106	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.9	1.9
Information	37	48	43	37	31	40	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.5
Financial activities	105	85	105	111	131	103	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.6	1.2
Finance and insurance	69	57	71	71	80	59	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	35	28	34	40	52	44	1.7	1.3	1.5	1.8	2.4	2.0
Professional and business services	560	569	618	630	616	664	2.8	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.2
Education and health services	407	371	426	402	421	420	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.8
Educational services	50	41	48	45	45	52	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4
Health care and social assistance	357	330	379	357	376	368	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	650	660	649	667	690	640	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	76	76	77	67	58	2.9	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.0	2.6
Accommodation and food services	585	584	573	590	623	582	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.3
Other services(3)	136	97	83	111	112	112	2.4	1.7	1.4	1.9	2.0	2.0
Government	182	171	176	157	172	166	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7
Federal	13	16	16	14	11	14	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local	169	155	159	143	160	153	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8
State and local education	86	74	72	75	78	76	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	83	81	87	67	83	77	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	410	426	419	446	472	455	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7
South	1,204	1,267	1,308	1,220	1,311	1,290	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.4
Midwest	653	694	695	639	691	650	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0
West	713	649	715	740	733	738	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	1,609	1,594	1,661	1,605	1,673	1,701	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,522	1,483	1,582	1,500	1,577	1,611	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging(3)	12	12	8	9	13	8	1.7	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.9	1.1
Construction	177	155	197	207	187	200	2.7	2.3	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9
Manufacturing	106	73	112	117	103	101	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	69	43	67	55	59	64	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	37	30	44	63	44	36	0.8	0.6	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	295	309	303	282	283	301	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	38	49	45	33	36	34	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	179	210	195	183	184	202	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	78	50	63	66	63	66	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2
Information	25	23	28	24	33	24	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.9
Financial activities	52	68	70	45	51	60	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	29	46	32	19	25	39	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	23	22	38	25	26	21	1.1	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.0
Professional and business services	348	367	325	315	440	423	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.5	2.1	2.0
Education and health services	164	127	161	158	168	143	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Educational services	37	16	36	37	40	31	1.1	0.5	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9
Health care and social assistance	127	111	126	121	129	112	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	276	276	278	247	222	276	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	61	58	54	67	89	3.9	2.7	2.6	2.4	3.0	3.9
Accommodation and food services	190	215	220	194	155	188	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.4
Other services	65	73	100	96	76	75	1.2	1.3	1.8	1.7	1.3	1.3
Government	88	111	79	104	97	90	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Federal	11	10	11	11	9	8	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	76	101	69	94	88	81	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local education	37	63	32	42	37	35	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local, excluding education	39	38	36	52	51	46	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	304	374	327	295	303	334	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
South	535	566	601	646	751	683	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.3
Midwest	397	294	368	333	321	363	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
West	373	361	365	331	298	321	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	351	378	399	359	365	389	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	283	314	338	293	303	333	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	3	4	4	3	3	3	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4
Construction(3)	10	22	13	11	13	13	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	22	24	23	21	19	27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	16	11	13	8	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	9	8	12	8	11	12	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	81	74	82	84	93	114	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Wholesale trade	13	14	12	11	8	26	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4
Retail trade	57	48	52	60	65	66	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	12	12	18	13	20	22	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4
Information(3)	9	8	9	13	15	6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.2
Financial activities	20	29	25	28	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	17	24	22	20	27	24	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	3	4	3	8	3	6	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.3
Professional and business services	56	62	90	57	60	56	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	42	50	48	34	36	47	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	14	2	7	4	8	11	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance(3)	28	47	41	30	28	36	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	26	32	40	29	29	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	2	3	3	3	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	24	29	37	26	26	18	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other services(3)	14	10	5	13	4	18	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3
Government	68	64	60	66	63	57	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	10	9	10	9	6	8	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local	58	56	50	57	57	49	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	30	31	25	29	24	25	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	28	24	25	28	33	24	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	53	66	70	67	65	58	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	145	139	148	126	128	146	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Midwest	70	69	98	72	84	90	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
West	83	104	82	94	88	96	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	5,467	5,701	6,138	3.6	3.7	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,891	5,168	5,527	3.8	4.0	4.2
Mining and logging	11	15	23	1.6	2.2	3.1
Construction	171	163	225	2.4	2.3	3.1
Manufacturing	363	350	388	2.8	2.7	3.0
Durable goods	206	201	214	2.6	2.5	2.7
Nondurable goods	158	149	174	3.3	3.1	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	958	993	1,010	3.4	3.5	3.6
Wholesale trade	172	185	221	2.8	3.0	3.6
Retail trade	569	659	593	3.5	4.0	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	218	149	196	3.8	2.6	3.4
Information	85	88	81	2.9	3.1	2.9
Financial activities	302	332	373	3.5	3.8	4.2
Finance and insurance	219	249	296	3.4	3.8	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	83	78	3.7	3.7	3.3
Professional and business services	1,031	1,042	1,234	4.8	4.8	5.6
Education and health services	1,040	1,067	1,162	4.4	4.4	4.8
Educational services	96	99	87	2.8	2.6	2.5
Health care and social assistance	944	967	1,075	4.7	4.7	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	744	847	823	4.4	5.0	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	84	66	90	3.2	2.7	3.4
Accommodation and food services	660	781	733	4.6	5.4	5.0
Other services	187	270	208	3.1	4.5	3.4
Government	576	533	611	2.5	2.3	2.7
Federal	99	118	108	3.4	4.0	3.7
State and local	477	415	503	2.4	2.1	2.5
State and local education	169	146	190	1.7	1.3	1.9
State and local, excluding education	308	269	313	3.2	2.9	3.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	881	1,062	1,031	3.2	3.8	3.7
South	2,086	2,023	2,207	3.8	3.6	3.9
Midwest	1,207	1,327	1,471	3.6	3.9	4.3
West	1,293	1,290	1,429	3.7	3.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	5,922	6,032	6,100	4.1	4.1	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,456	5,679	5,664	4.4	4.6	4.5
Mining and logging	27	39	40	4.1	5.6	5.6
Construction	340	462	411	4.9	6.7	5.8
Manufacturing	344	368	397	2.8	3.0	3.2
Durable goods	196	209	230	2.5	2.7	3.0
Nondurable goods	148	159	167	3.2	3.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,024	1,108	1,059	3.8	4.1	3.9
Wholesale trade	156	132	151	2.6	2.2	2.5
Retail trade	697	799	729	4.4	5.1	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	171	177	180	3.1	3.2	3.2
Information	96	76	78	3.4	2.8	2.8
Financial activities	235	248	244	2.8	3.0	2.9
Finance and insurance	152	163	151	2.5	2.6	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	82	85	93	3.8	3.9	4.2
Professional and business services	1,092	1,223	1,248	5.4	5.9	6.0
Education and health services	725	649	695	3.2	2.8	3.0
Educational services	115	77	86	3.4	2.1	2.5
Health care and social assistance	610	572	608	3.2	2.9	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,270	1,206	1,199	7.8	7.5	7.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	303	241	244	12.0	10.3	9.5
Accommodation and food services	967	966	955	7.0	7.0	6.8
Other services	303	299	294	5.3	5.2	5.0
Government	467	353	436	2.1	1.6	2.0
Federal	52	36	39	1.8	1.3	1.4
State and local	415	317	397	2.2	1.6	2.0
State and local education	132	90	115	1.3	0.8	1.1
State and local, excluding education	283	226	282	3.0	2.5	3.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,032	1,103	1,005	3.9	4.1	3.7
South	2,081	2,260	2,367	3.9	4.2	4.4
Midwest	1,374	1,419	1,354	4.3	4.4	4.1
West	1,436	1,249	1,373	4.3	3.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	5,170	5,236	5,421	3.6	3.6	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,622	4,853	4,936	3.8	3.9	3.9
Mining and logging	27	31	24	4.0	4.4	3.4
Construction	254	317	310	3.7	4.6	4.4
Manufacturing	275	328	335	2.2	2.6	2.7
Durable goods	166	171	191	2.1	2.2	2.4
Nondurable goods	110	157	144	2.3	3.4	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	987	1,015	1,021	3.6	3.7	3.7
Wholesale trade	142	110	127	2.4	1.9	2.1
Retail trade	671	743	709	4.2	4.7	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	161	184	3.2	2.9	3.3
Information	70	78	68	2.5	2.9	2.5
Financial activities	177	212	193	2.1	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	116	135	123	1.9	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	77	69	2.8	3.5	3.1
Professional and business services	953	1,122	1,150	4.7	5.4	5.5
Education and health services	727	662	719	3.2	2.9	3.1
Educational services	180	118	170	5.4	3.2	5.0
Health care and social assistance	547	543	548	2.9	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	936	901	909	5.7	5.6	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	115	109	108	4.5	4.7	4.2
Accommodation and food services	821	792	801	6.0	5.7	5.7
Other services	215	189	206	3.7	3.3	3.5
Government	548	383	484	2.5	1.7	2.2
Federal	31	21	27	1.1	0.7	0.9
State and local	516	362	458	2.7	1.8	2.4
State and local education	359	212	311	3.6	2.0	3.1
State and local, excluding education	157	150	147	1.7	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	767	759	841	2.9	2.8	3.1
South	2,017	2,260	2,253	3.8	4.2	4.2
Midwest	1,153	1,096	1,121	3.6	3.4	3.4
West	1,232	1,120	1,205	3.7	3.3	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	3,192	3,260	3,328	2.2	2.2	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,912	3,059	3,080	2.4	2.5	2.5
Mining and logging	12	14	14	1.8	2.1	2.0
Construction	111	151	142	1.6	2.2	2.0
Manufacturing	146	217	204	1.2	1.8	1.6
Durable goods	84	112	108	1.1	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	62	106	95	1.3	2.3	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	657	670	646	2.4	2.5	2.4
Wholesale trade	95	70	73	1.6	1.2	1.2
Retail trade	465	508	468	2.9	3.2	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	98	92	106	1.8	1.6	1.9
Information	36	30	39	1.3	1.1	1.4
Financial activities	110	137	108	1.3	1.6	1.3
Finance and insurance	75	85	63	1.2	1.4	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	35	52	44	1.6	2.4	2.0
Professional and business services	574	618	681	2.8	3.0	3.3
Education and health services	451	429	472	2.0	1.9	2.1
Educational services	76	49	84	2.3	1.3	2.5
Health care and social assistance	375	380	388	2.0	2.0	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	679	682	662	4.2	4.2	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	70	64	61	2.7	2.7	2.4
Accommodation and food services	609	618	601	4.4	4.5	4.3
Other services	136	112	112	2.4	1.9	1.9
Government	279	200	248	1.3	0.9	1.1
Federal	14	10	14	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local	266	190	234	1.4	1.0	1.2
State and local education	176	102	154	1.8	1.0	1.5
State and local, excluding education	90	87	80	1.0	1.0	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	418	459	464	1.6	1.7	1.7
South	1,316	1,335	1,403	2.5	2.5	2.6
Midwest	703	722	682	2.2	2.2	2.1
West	755	744	778	2.3	2.2	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	1,574	1,596	1,667	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,440	1,486	1,538	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	12	13	8	1.7	1.9	1.1
Construction	134	154	155	1.9	2.2	2.2
Manufacturing	106	91	103	0.9	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	67	51	65	0.9	0.7	0.8
Nondurable goods	39	40	38	0.8	0.9	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	261	240	271	1.0	0.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	38	36	34	0.6	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	158	155	181	1.0	1.0	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	65	50	57	1.2	0.9	1.0
Information	26	34	24	0.9	1.2	0.9
Financial activities	46	42	54	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finance and insurance	24	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	22	22	19	1.0	1.0	0.9
Professional and business services	327	452	419	1.6	2.2	2.0
Education and health services	233	197	200	1.0	0.9	0.9
Educational services	89	62	75	2.7	1.7	2.2
Health care and social assistance	143	135	125	0.8	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	231	190	228	1.4	1.2	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	43	43	46	1.7	1.8	1.8
Accommodation and food services	188	147	182	1.4	1.1	1.3
Other services	66	73	76	1.1	1.3	1.3
Government	134	110	129	0.6	0.5	0.6
Federal	8	5	6	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	125	105	123	0.7	0.5	0.6
State and local education	92	73	83	0.9	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	33	33	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	283	241	312	1.1	0.9	1.1
South	538	791	692	1.0	1.5	1.3
Midwest	372	277	343	1.2	0.8	1.0
West	382	287	320	1.1	0.9	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	June 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)
Total	404	380	426	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	269	308	318	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	3	3	2	0.5	0.4	0.3
Construction	10	13	13	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	24	20	29	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	9	17	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	11	12	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	69	105	103	0.3	0.4	0.4
Wholesale trade	9	5	21	0.2	0.1	0.4
Retail trade	48	80	60	0.3	0.5	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	12	20	22	0.2	0.3	0.4
Information	9	15	6	0.3	0.5	0.2
Financial activities	21	33	31	0.3	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	18	30	25	0.3	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	3	3	6	0.1	0.2	0.3
Professional and business services	52	52	50	0.3	0.2	0.2
Education and health services	42	36	47	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	14	8	11	0.4	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	28	28	36	0.1	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	26	29	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	24	26	18	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other services	14	4	18	0.2	0.1	0.3
Government	134	72	108	0.6	0.3	0.5
Federal	9	5	7	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	125	67	101	0.6	0.3	0.5
State and local education	91	37	74	0.9	0.3	0.7
State and local, excluding education	34	30	27	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	66	59	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	164	135	158	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	77	97	96	0.2	0.3	0.3
West	96	88	107	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.