Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, August 10, 2020	USDL-20-1550

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2020

The number of job openings increased to 5.9 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Hires decreased to 6.7 million in June, but was still the second highest 
level in the series history. The largest monthly increase in hires occurred in May 2020. Total separations 
increased to 4.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate rose to 1.9 percent while the layoffs and 
discharges rate was unchanged at 1.4 percent. These changes in the labor market reflected a limited 
resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed in March and April due to the coronavirus 
(COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. This release includes estimates of the number and rate 
of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by four geographic 
regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the number of job openings increased to 5.9 million (+518,000) while 
the rate was little changed at 4.1 percent. Job openings rose in a number of industries with the largest 
increases in accommodation and food services (+198,000), other services (+69,000), and arts, 
entertainment, and recreation (+34,000). Job openings decreased in construction (-70,000) and in state 
and local government education (-26,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast and 
Midwest regions. (See table 1.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
|               Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2020 JOLTS Data                  |
|                                                                                               |
|Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus |
|(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and         |
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-june-2020.htm                      |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In June, the number of hires decreased to 6.7 million (-503,000), the second highest level in series 
history, the series high occurred in May 2020. The June hires rate decreased to 4.9 percent. Hires 
decreased in a number of industries, with the largest fall in other services (-326,000), followed by health 
care and social assistance (-282,000), and construction (-181,000). Hires increased in professional and 
business services (+255,000), accommodation and food services (+78,000), and state and local 
government, excluding education (+30,000). The number of hires decreased in the West region. (See 
table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In June, the number and rate of total separations increased to 4.8 million (+522,000) and 3.5 percent, 
respectively. A year ago, total separations levels and rates were higher at 5.6 million and 3.7 percent in 
June 2019. Total separations increased in many industries in June 2020 with the largest increases in 
accommodation and food services (+175,000), retail trade (+103,000), and durable goods manufacturing 
(+58,000). The number of total separations decreased in state and local government education (-59,000) 
and federal government (-12,000). Total separations increased in the Northeast and West regions. (See 
table 3.)

In June, the number and rate of quits increased to 2.6 million (+531,000) and 1.9 percent, respectively. 
Quits increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in health care and social assistance 
(+106,000), accommodation and food services (+104,000), and retail trade (+99,000). Quits decreased in 
state and local government education (-40,000). The number of quits increased in all four regions. (See 
table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.9 million and the rate was unchanged at 
1.4 percent in June. The rate, which had reached a series high of 7.6 percent in March, declined to 1.4 
percent in May, and remains near its pre-pandemic rate of 1.2 percent in February. In June, the layoffs 
and discharges level decreased in health care and social assistance (-71,000), state and local government, 
excluding education (-24,000), and federal government (-10,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in 
accommodation and food services (+70,000) and durable goods manufacturing (+38,000). The number 
of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June. Other separations increased in retail trade 
(+23,000) and arts, entertainment, and recreation (+3,000). Other separations decreased in state and 
local government education (-11,000) and educational services (-4,000). Other separations was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 70.2 million and separations totaled 79.1 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 8.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, September 9, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|      Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data         |
|                                                                                                              |
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 percent    |
|of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone respondents were       |
|asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to the inability to       |
|reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for June was 47 percent,       |
|while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.                                               |
|                                                                                                              |
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods starting in March and continuing through June to better reflect     |
|the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of    |
|monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES)       |
|employment estimates. For June estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the alignment process because   |
|the differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of the month) |
|and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference month) led to substantially different     |
|measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey,         |
|including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at                                 |
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-june-2020.htm.                                    |
|______________________________________________________________________________________________________________|


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

7,185 5,371 5,889 5,760 7,199 6,696 5,568 4,236 4,758

Total private

6,497 4,736 5,246 5,420 6,952 6,438 5,227 3,935 4,523

Mining and logging(1)

29 10 17 21 16 11 24 31 27

Construction(1)

325 315 245 423 679 498 415 292 316

Manufacturing

486 306 336 326 523 441 324 285 386

Durable goods(1)

299 166 177 185 286 268 179 180 238

Nondurable goods(1)

187 141 158 142 236 173 146 105 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,342 997 1,075 1,176 1,341 1,356 1,125 936 1,055

Wholesale trade

206 153 181 151 187 161 148 166 174

Retail trade

813 670 674 787 886 922 765 530 633

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

323 174 220 237 268 273 211 240 249

Information(1)

120 78 93 88 66 57 80 56 59

Financial activities

382 264 297 223 201 190 221 160 172

Finance and insurance

269 215 236 130 113 137 125 104 118

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

113 49 61 93 88 53 96 57 54

Professional and business services

1,290 976 1,012 1,123 938 1,193 1,075 875 910

Education and health services

1,303 975 1,054 679 1,093 820 618 538 579

Educational services(1)

120 78 86 94 98 108 86 58 54

Health care and social assistance

1,183 896 967 585 995 713 533 480 526

Leisure and hospitality

959 622 855 1,131 1,513 1,616 1,117 640 838

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

110 101 135 138 145 170 143 105 129

Accommodation and food services

849 521 719 992 1,368 1,446 975 534 709

Other services

260 194 263 230 582 256 227 121 180

Government

688 635 643 340 247 258 341 302 235

Federal(1)

116 70 98 35 50 37 33 53 41

State and local

572 564 544 305 197 221 308 248 194

State and local education

217 209 183 162 128 122 168 128 69

State and local, excluding education(1)

355 355 361 143 69 99 140 120 125





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.5 3.9 4.1 3.8 5.4 4.9 3.7 3.2 3.5

Total private

4.8 4.1 4.3 4.2 6.2 5.5 4.1 3.5 3.9

Mining and logging(1)

3.7 1.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 1.8 3.2 4.9 4.4

Construction(1)

4.2 4.3 3.3 5.6 9.7 6.9 5.5 4.2 4.4

Manufacturing

3.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 4.5 3.6 2.5 2.4 3.2

Durable goods(1)

3.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.5 2.2 2.5 3.1

Nondurable goods(1)

3.8 3.1 3.4 3.0 5.3 3.8 3.1 2.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

4.6 3.9 4.0 4.2 5.4 5.3 4.1 3.8 4.1

Wholesale trade

3.4 2.7 3.1 2.6 3.4 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.1

Retail trade

5.0 4.7 4.5 5.0 6.5 6.4 4.9 3.9 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

5.0 3.0 3.7 3.8 4.8 4.8 3.4 4.3 4.3

Information(1)

4.0 2.9 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.3

Financial activities

4.2 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.0

Finance and insurance

4.0 3.2 3.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

4.6 2.2 2.7 4.0 4.1 2.5 4.1 2.7 2.5

Professional and business services

5.7 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.8 6.0 5.0 4.5 4.6

Education and health services

5.1 4.2 4.4 2.8 4.9 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.5

Educational services(1)

3.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance

5.5 4.5 4.8 2.9 5.3 3.7 2.6 2.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

5.5 5.9 6.6 6.8 15.2 13.4 6.8 6.4 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

4.4 7.8 8.0 5.7 12.1 10.8 5.9 8.8 8.2

Accommodation and food services

5.7 5.6 6.4 7.0 15.6 13.8 6.9 6.1 6.8

Other services

4.2 3.9 4.8 3.9 12.0 4.9 3.8 2.5 3.5

Government

3.0 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1

Federal(1)

3.9 2.4 3.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.4

State and local

2.8 3.0 2.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.1

State and local education

2.0 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education(1)

3.7 3.9 4.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

7,185 7,004 6,011 4,996 5,371 5,889 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,497 6,236 5,284 4,332 4,736 5,246 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.3

Mining and logging(3)

29 26 12 10 10 17 3.7 3.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.7

Construction(3)

325 296 240 247 315 245 4.2 3.7 3.1 3.6 4.3 3.3

Manufacturing

486 422 310 315 306 336 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.7

Durable goods(3)

299 269 178 170 166 177 3.6 3.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods(3)

187 153 132 146 141 158 3.8 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,342 1,168 1,069 883 997 1,075 4.6 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade

206 183 156 145 153 181 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.1

Retail trade

813 715 626 521 670 674 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.7 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

323 270 286 217 174 220 5.0 4.2 4.4 3.7 3.0 3.7

Information(3)

120 132 119 132 78 93 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 2.9 3.5

Financial activities

382 400 336 251 264 297 4.2 4.3 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.3

Finance and insurance

269 306 262 185 215 236 4.0 4.5 3.9 2.8 3.2 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

113 94 75 66 49 61 4.6 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.2 2.7

Professional and business services

1,290 1,357 1,192 982 976 1,012 5.7 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9

Education and health services

1,303 1,252 1,193 1,051 975 1,054 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.4

Educational services(3)

120 121 106 102 78 86 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

1,183 1,131 1,087 949 896 967 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.8

Leisure and hospitality

959 950 664 314 622 855 5.5 5.3 3.9 3.5 5.9 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

110 135 130 41 101 135 4.4 5.2 5.1 3.4 7.8 8.0

Accommodation and food services

849 815 534 273 521 719 5.7 5.4 3.7 3.5 5.6 6.4

Other services

260 232 147 147 194 263 4.2 3.8 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.8

Government

688 769 727 664 635 643 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Federal(3)

116 119 131 114 70 98 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.8 2.4 3.3

State and local

572 649 596 550 564 544 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9

State and local education

217 252 215 194 209 183 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9

State and local, excluding education(3)

355 397 381 356 355 361 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,215 1,237 1,102 972 948 1,088 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.1

South

2,590 2,589 2,251 1,856 2,049 2,184 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.1

Midwest

1,664 1,556 1,286 1,067 1,123 1,296 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.1

West

1,716 1,621 1,373 1,101 1,251 1,320 4.7 4.4 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

5,760 5,864 5,111 4,047 7,199 6,696 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.1 5.4 4.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,420 5,489 4,744 3,812 6,952 6,438 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.5 6.2 5.5

Mining and logging

21 25 19 13 16 11 2.8 3.4 2.7 2.1 2.6 1.8

Construction

423 390 389 246 679 498 5.6 5.1 5.1 3.7 9.7 6.9

Manufacturing

326 334 299 326 523 441 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 4.5 3.6

Durable goods

185 196 159 161 286 268 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3 3.9 3.5

Nondurable goods

142 138 140 166 236 173 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.8 5.3 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,176 1,221 1,137 1,025 1,341 1,356 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 5.4 5.3

Wholesale trade

151 153 136 117 187 161 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 3.4 2.9

Retail trade

787 812 764 723 886 922 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.4 6.5 6.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

237 256 237 185 268 273 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.3 4.8 4.8

Information

88 96 74 39 66 57 3.1 3.3 2.6 1.5 2.5 2.2

Financial activities

223 243 218 162 201 190 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.2

Finance and insurance

130 161 151 129 113 137 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.7 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

93 81 67 34 88 53 4.0 3.4 2.9 1.6 4.1 2.5

Professional and business services

1,123 1,104 1,103 800 938 1,193 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.8 6.0

Education and health services

679 762 663 545 1,093 820 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.6

Educational services

94 95 92 69 98 108 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.9 3.1

Health care and social assistance

585 667 571 477 995 713 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.6 5.3 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

1,131 1,091 673 490 1,513 1,616 6.8 6.5 4.1 5.7 15.2 13.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

138 168 127 31 145 170 5.7 6.8 5.2 2.7 12.1 10.8

Accommodation and food services

992 923 546 460 1,368 1,446 7.0 6.4 3.9 6.2 15.6 13.8

Other services

230 224 168 165 582 256 3.9 3.8 2.8 3.6 12.0 4.9

Government

340 375 367 235 247 258 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.2

Federal

35 51 58 46 50 37 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.3

State and local

305 324 309 189 197 221 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.2

State and local education

162 157 153 111 128 122 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding education

143 167 156 78 69 99 1.5 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

923 960 869 534 1,103 1,116 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.2 4.5 4.4

South

2,310 2,321 1,998 1,584 2,409 2,344 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.3 4.9 4.6

Midwest

1,228 1,231 1,097 914 1,628 1,584 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.2 5.6 5.3

West

1,299 1,352 1,147 1,015 2,059 1,652 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.3 6.7 5.2

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

5,568 5,595 14,643 9,975 4,236 4,758 3.7 3.7 9.7 7.6 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,227 5,244 14,243 9,536 3,935 4,523 4.1 4.0 11.1 8.8 3.5 3.9

Mining and logging

24 20 42 67 31 27 3.2 2.8 6.0 10.2 4.9 4.4

Construction

415 359 756 835 292 316 5.5 4.7 9.9 12.7 4.2 4.4

Manufacturing

324 318 804 762 285 386 2.5 2.5 6.3 6.6 2.4 3.2

Durable goods

179 183 474 511 180 238 2.2 2.3 5.9 7.2 2.5 3.1

Nondurable goods

146 135 329 251 105 148 3.1 2.8 6.9 5.8 2.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,125 1,221 2,408 1,953 936 1,055 4.1 4.4 8.7 8.0 3.8 4.1

Wholesale trade

148 155 252 281 166 174 2.5 2.6 4.2 5.1 3.0 3.1

Retail trade

765 812 1,654 1,267 530 633 4.9 5.2 10.6 9.5 3.9 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

211 254 502 405 240 249 3.4 4.1 8.1 7.2 4.3 4.3

Information

80 87 107 128 56 59 2.8 3.0 3.7 4.9 2.2 2.3

Financial activities

221 210 350 299 160 172 2.5 2.4 4.0 3.5 1.9 2.0

Finance and insurance

125 150 169 112 104 118 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

96 60 181 187 57 54 4.1 2.5 7.7 8.8 2.7 2.5

Professional and business services

1,075 1,073 1,714 1,359 875 910 5.0 5.0 8.0 7.1 4.5 4.6

Education and health services

618 699 1,747 1,323 538 579 2.6 2.8 7.1 6.1 2.4 2.5

Educational services

86 93 327 277 58 54 2.3 2.4 8.6 8.3 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance

533 606 1,420 1,046 480 526 2.6 2.9 6.9 5.7 2.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

1,117 1,036 5,345 1,989 640 838 6.8 6.1 32.7 23.2 6.4 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

143 157 599 314 105 129 5.9 6.3 24.5 27.2 8.8 8.2

Accommodation and food services

975 880 4,746 1,675 534 709 6.9 6.1 34.1 22.5 6.1 6.8

Other services

227 220 969 821 121 180 3.8 3.7 16.4 17.9 2.5 3.5

Government

341 351 400 439 302 235 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.1

Federal

33 41 39 39 53 41 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.4

State and local

308 311 361 400 248 194 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.1

State and local education

168 155 180 170 128 69 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education

140 156 181 230 120 125 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.4 1.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

930 888 2,807 1,851 727 836 3.4 3.2 10.1 7.7 3.0 3.3

South

2,179 2,097 4,978 3,429 1,675 1,827 3.9 3.8 9.0 7.2 3.4 3.6

Midwest

1,206 1,293 3,635 2,170 900 999 3.7 3.9 11.0 7.6 3.1 3.3

West

1,254 1,317 3,222 2,525 933 1,096 3.6 3.7 9.1 8.3 3.0 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

3,481 3,436 2,789 1,877 2,067 2,598 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,298 3,245 2,619 1,731 1,945 2,493 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.1

Mining and logging

13 12 9 6 8 9 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.5

Construction

186 153 130 86 104 127 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.8

Manufacturing

197 183 150 104 143 197 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.6

Durable goods

113 107 86 49 83 103 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.4

Nondurable goods

84 75 64 55 60 94 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

754 794 607 447 484 621 2.7 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.4

Wholesale trade

88 101 93 52 55 90 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.6

Retail trade

541 546 386 305 306 405 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

125 147 129 90 122 126 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.2

Information

45 50 35 28 22 28 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1

Financial activities

138 123 93 70 87 83 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0

Finance and insurance

78 88 70 48 69 61 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

60 35 23 21 18 22 2.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services

633 628 561 337 411 456 3.0 2.9 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.3

Education and health services

421 478 426 356 286 394 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7

Educational services

53 58 50 43 23 26 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance

368 420 376 313 262 368 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

783 699 534 255 369 473 4.7 4.2 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

78 77 52 30 31 32 3.2 3.1 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.0

Accommodation and food services

705 622 483 225 338 442 5.0 4.3 3.5 3.0 3.9 4.2

Other services

128 125 74 44 32 105 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.7 2.0

Government

183 191 170 146 122 106 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Federal

14 19 17 15 17 16 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local

169 172 152 130 105 90 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local education

96 90 79 69 67 27 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3

State and local, excluding education

74 82 73 62 37 63 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7

REGION(4)

Northeast

512 494 404 275 272 399 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.6

South

1,397 1,347 1,098 791 919 1,076 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1

Midwest

758 783 654 418 443 592 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0

West

815 812 633 394 433 531 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

1,763 1,846 11,489 7,708 1,903 1,885 1.2 1.2 7.6 5.9 1.4 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,664 1,752 11,316 7,481 1,780 1,804 1.3 1.4 8.8 6.9 1.6 1.5

Mining and logging

8 6 32 59 22 17 1.1 0.8 4.5 9.1 3.4 2.7

Construction

220 202 604 709 177 182 2.9 2.6 7.9 10.8 2.5 2.5

Manufacturing

108 113 632 635 121 170 0.8 0.9 4.9 5.5 1.0 1.4

Durable goods

53 63 374 447 85 123 0.7 0.8 4.7 6.3 1.2 1.6

Nondurable goods

55 49 257 188 37 47 1.1 1.0 5.4 4.3 0.8 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

311 363 1,730 1,458 419 384 1.1 1.3 6.2 6.0 1.7 1.5

Wholesale trade(3)

55 47 154 220 97 78 0.9 0.8 2.6 4.0 1.7 1.4

Retail trade

180 224 1,226 940 221 202 1.2 1.4 7.8 7.1 1.6 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

75 91 350 297 101 105 1.2 1.5 5.6 5.3 1.8 1.8

Information

27 32 64 97 29 25 0.9 1.1 2.2 3.7 1.1 1.0

Financial activities

64 67 228 208 56 69 0.7 0.8 2.6 2.4 0.7 0.8

Finance and insurance

31 42 77 53 23 42 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

33 25 151 156 33 27 1.4 1.0 6.4 7.3 1.5 1.3

Professional and business services

378 392 1,086 904 405 397 1.8 1.8 5.1 4.7 2.1 2.0

Education and health services

162 167 1,274 918 215 140 0.7 0.7 5.2 4.2 1.0 0.6

Educational services

28 30 272 227 30 26 0.7 0.8 7.2 6.8 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance

135 136 1,001 691 185 114 0.7 0.7 4.8 3.7 1.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

307 318 4,783 1,722 257 346 1.9 1.9 29.2 20.1 2.6 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

63 77 545 281 74 93 2.6 3.1 22.3 24.3 6.1 6.0

Accommodation and food services

244 240 4,238 1,441 183 253 1.7 1.7 30.4 19.4 2.1 2.4

Other services

79 93 884 770 80 74 1.3 1.6 15.0 16.8 1.7 1.4

Government

99 95 173 227 123 81 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4

Federal

8 8 9 12 24 14 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.5

State and local

91 86 164 215 100 67 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4

State and local education

50 42 79 78 39 31 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education

41 44 85 137 61 37 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

345 348 2,348 1,509 402 395 1.2 1.2 8.4 6.3 1.6 1.6

South

669 624 3,747 2,510 664 659 1.2 1.1 6.7 5.3 1.4 1.3

Midwest

384 440 2,898 1,650 408 343 1.2 1.3 8.8 5.8 1.4 1.1

West

364 435 2,496 2,039 429 487 1.0 1.2 7.1 6.7 1.4 1.5

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
Feb.
2020
Mar.
2020
Apr.
2020
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

324 313 366 390 266 275 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

265 247 308 324 209 227 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 2 2 2 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Construction(3)

10 5 22 40 11 7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing

19 23 22 23 21 19 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

12 13 14 14 12 12 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods(3)

7 10 9 8 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

60 64 71 48 34 50 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Wholesale trade

5 6 5 9 13 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade

44 42 42 21 3 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

11 16 24 18 17 17 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information(3)

8 5 8 3 4 5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Financial activities

19 19 30 21 17 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance

16 19 22 11 12 16 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

3 1 7 10 6 5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services

64 53 67 119 60 57 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

35 55 47 50 37 46 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

5 4 4 7 5 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance(3)

30 51 43 43 32 44 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

28 19 28 12 14 19 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

3 2 2 3 1 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services(3)

25 17 26 9 13 15 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services(3)

20 2 11 7 9 2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Government

59 66 58 66 57 48 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal

11 14 12 11 13 11 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

48 52 46 55 44 37 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education

23 23 22 23 22 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education

25 29 24 31 22 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

73 46 56 68 54 41 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South

113 126 133 129 92 92 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest

63 70 83 102 49 64 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2

West

75 71 93 92 71 78 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

7,120 5,222 5,757 4.5 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,396 4,593 5,091 4.7 3.9 4.2

Mining and logging

29 10 17 3.7 1.5 2.7

Construction

325 315 245 4.1 4.3 3.2

Manufacturing

486 306 336 3.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods

299 166 177 3.6 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods

187 141 158 3.8 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,345 939 1,091 4.6 3.7 4.1

Wholesale trade

216 148 193 3.5 2.6 3.3

Retail trade

806 618 677 4.9 4.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

323 174 220 5.0 3.0 3.7

Information

120 78 93 4.0 2.9 3.5

Financial activities

365 234 278 4.0 2.7 3.1

Finance and insurance

252 185 217 3.8 2.8 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

113 49 61 4.6 2.2 2.7

Professional and business services

1,266 939 960 5.6 4.6 4.6

Education and health services

1,270 908 996 5.0 3.9 4.2

Educational services

120 78 86 3.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance

1,149 829 909 5.3 4.2 4.5

Leisure and hospitality

956 669 836 5.3 6.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

100 119 130 3.5 8.8 6.9

Accommodation and food services

856 550 706 5.6 5.8 6.1

Other services

233 195 240 3.8 3.9 4.4

Government

724 629 666 3.1 2.8 3.1

Federal

116 70 98 3.9 2.4 3.3

State and local

608 559 567 3.0 2.9 3.0

State and local education

253 204 206 2.4 2.0 2.2

State and local, excluding education

355 355 361 3.6 3.9 3.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,174 953 1,032 4.1 3.7 3.9

South

2,582 1,968 2,147 4.4 3.9 4.1

Midwest

1,642 1,132 1,277 4.7 3.7 4.1

West

1,722 1,168 1,301 4.6 3.6 3.9

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

6,564 7,859 7,670 4.3 5.9 5.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,148 7,591 7,338 4.8 6.8 6.3

Mining and logging

24 18 13 3.2 2.8 2.1

Construction

500 781 578 6.5 11.0 7.9

Manufacturing

400 558 511 3.1 4.8 4.2

Durable goods

226 311 306 2.8 4.3 4.0

Nondurable goods

174 247 206 3.6 5.6 4.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,205 1,420 1,434 4.4 5.7 5.6

Wholesale trade

171 194 185 2.9 3.5 3.3

Retail trade

818 970 984 5.2 7.1 6.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

217 256 264 3.5 4.6 4.6

Information

98 75 62 3.4 2.9 2.4

Financial activities

266 224 225 3.0 2.6 2.6

Finance and insurance

156 123 158 2.4 1.9 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

110 101 67 4.7 4.7 3.0

Professional and business services

1,226 1,010 1,327 5.7 5.2 6.7

Education and health services

716 1,056 879 3.0 4.7 3.9

Educational services

95 77 114 2.7 2.3 3.5

Health care and social assistance

621 979 765 3.0 5.2 4.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,407 1,800 1,974 8.2 17.8 15.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

230 224 290 8.5 18.2 16.5

Accommodation and food services

1,177 1,576 1,685 8.1 17.8 15.6

Other services

307 648 334 5.1 13.4 6.4

Government

415 267 332 1.8 1.2 1.6

Federal

39 58 41 1.4 2.0 1.4

State and local

376 210 291 1.9 1.1 1.6

State and local education

134 68 85 1.3 0.7 0.9

State and local, excluding education

242 142 206 2.6 1.6 2.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,149 1,278 1,396 4.1 5.2 5.5

South

2,509 2,561 2,570 4.5 5.2 5.1

Midwest

1,417 1,896 1,851 4.3 6.5 6.1

West

1,488 2,123 1,852 4.2 6.9 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

5,894 4,156 4,933 3.9 3.1 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,343 3,812 4,533 4.1 3.4 3.9

Mining and logging

21 28 23 2.8 4.4 3.7

Construction

384 255 287 5.0 3.6 3.9

Manufacturing

334 283 392 2.6 2.4 3.2

Durable goods

183 179 241 2.3 2.5 3.2

Nondurable goods

151 104 151 3.1 2.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,099 911 1,025 4.0 3.7 4.0

Wholesale trade

150 160 173 2.5 2.9 3.1

Retail trade

752 534 615 4.8 3.9 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

196 216 237 3.2 3.9 4.2

Information

81 52 58 2.8 2.0 2.2

Financial activities

226 155 176 2.6 1.8 2.0

Finance and insurance

128 97 118 2.0 1.5 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

98 58 58 4.2 2.7 2.6

Professional and business services

1,090 881 892 5.1 4.5 4.5

Education and health services

741 581 666 3.1 2.6 2.9

Educational services

156 87 117 4.4 2.6 3.6

Health care and social assistance

585 494 549 2.9 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

1,136 537 833 6.6 5.3 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

121 51 99 4.5 4.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services

1,015 485 734 7.0 5.5 6.8

Other services

231 129 182 3.9 2.7 3.5

Government

551 344 400 2.5 1.6 1.9

Federal

31 48 38 1.1 1.7 1.3

State and local

521 296 362 2.7 1.6 2.0

State and local education

381 185 246 3.8 1.9 2.7

State and local, excluding education

139 110 117 1.5 1.2 1.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

987 656 865 3.6 2.7 3.4

South

2,305 1,719 1,899 4.1 3.5 3.7

Midwest

1,251 873 991 3.8 3.0 3.3

West

1,351 907 1,179 3.8 2.9 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

3,778 2,088 2,751 2.5 1.6 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,477 1,940 2,558 2.7 1.7 2.2

Mining and logging

12 7 8 1.7 1.1 1.3

Construction

193 87 135 2.5 1.2 1.8

Manufacturing

208 148 204 1.6 1.3 1.7

Durable goods

119 85 108 1.5 1.2 1.4

Nondurable goods

89 63 96 1.9 1.4 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

773 502 630 2.8 2.0 2.4

Wholesale trade

90 54 90 1.5 1.0 1.6

Retail trade

561 339 425 3.6 2.5 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

122 110 114 2.0 2.0 2.0

Information

43 22 26 1.5 0.8 1.0

Financial activities

142 89 82 1.6 1.0 1.0

Finance and insurance

82 71 60 1.3 1.1 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

60 18 22 2.5 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services

671 399 467 3.1 2.1 2.4

Education and health services

480 286 415 2.0 1.3 1.8

Educational services

86 23 41 2.4 0.7 1.3

Health care and social assistance

394 263 374 1.9 1.4 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

824 359 481 4.8 3.6 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

83 16 33 3.0 1.3 1.9

Accommodation and food services

741 343 448 5.1 3.9 4.1

Other services

132 40 110 2.2 0.8 2.1

Government

301 148 193 1.3 0.7 0.9

Federal

14 16 16 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local

287 132 177 1.5 0.7 1.0

State and local education

208 86 112 2.1 0.9 1.2

State and local, excluding education

78 47 65 0.8 0.5 0.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

551 269 410 2.0 1.1 1.6

South

1,515 933 1,148 2.7 1.9 2.3

Midwest

818 454 605 2.5 1.6 2.0

West

894 433 587 2.5 1.4 1.8

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

1,739 1,802 1,858 1.1 1.4 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,600 1,666 1,750 1.2 1.5 1.5

Mining and logging

6 20 13 0.8 3.1 2.1

Construction

182 157 145 2.4 2.2 2.0

Manufacturing

106 115 168 0.8 1.0 1.4

Durable goods

52 82 120 0.6 1.1 1.6

Nondurable goods

54 33 48 1.1 0.7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

270 370 351 1.0 1.5 1.4

Wholesale trade

55 97 78 0.9 1.7 1.4

Retail trade

151 184 169 1.0 1.3 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

64 89 105 1.0 1.6 1.8

Information

30 25 26 1.0 1.0 1.0

Financial activities

64 50 73 0.7 0.6 0.8

Finance and insurance

29 16 42 0.5 0.2 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

35 34 31 1.5 1.6 1.4

Professional and business services

357 429 369 1.7 2.2 1.9

Education and health services

222 256 200 0.9 1.2 0.9

Educational services

60 57 70 1.7 1.7 2.2

Health care and social assistance

162 199 131 0.8 1.1 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

284 164 333 1.6 1.6 2.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

36 34 63 1.3 2.8 3.6

Accommodation and food services

248 129 271 1.7 1.5 2.5

Other services

79 80 71 1.3 1.6 1.3

Government

139 136 107 0.6 0.6 0.5

Federal

6 20 11 0.2 0.7 0.4

State and local

133 116 96 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local education

101 71 73 1.0 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education

32 44 23 0.3 0.5 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

349 336 400 1.3 1.4 1.6

South

662 695 649 1.2 1.4 1.3

Midwest

360 364 311 1.1 1.3 1.0

West

369 406 497 1.0 1.3 1.5

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)
June
2019
May
2020
June
2020(p)

Total

377 265 324 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

266 206 224 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

3 1 2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Construction

10 11 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing

20 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

13 12 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

7 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

57 39 44 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

5 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade

40 12 21 0.3 0.1 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

11 17 17 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information

8 4 5 0.3 0.2 0.2

Financial activities

20 16 21 0.2 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance

17 10 16 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

3 6 5 0.1 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services

62 53 55 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

40 38 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

10 6 6 0.3 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance

30 32 44 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

28 14 19 0.2 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3 1 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services

25 13 15 0.2 0.1 0.1

Other services

20 9 2 0.3 0.2 0.0

Government

111 59 100 0.5 0.3 0.5

Federal

11 11 10 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local

101 48 90 0.5 0.3 0.5

State and local education

72 28 61 0.7 0.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education

29 19 29 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

88 51 54 0.3 0.2 0.2

South

128 92 101 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

73 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

89 68 95 0.3 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: August 10, 2020