Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-0935
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
JoltsInfo@bls.gov
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Wednesday, August 12, 2009
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JUNE 2009
On the last business day of June, the number of job openings in
the U.S. was little changed near a series low level of 2.6 million,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. The hires rate at 2.9 percent in June was at the
lowest point since the series began in December 2000. The total
separations rate remained at a series low of 3.3 percent. This
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings,
hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and
geographic region.
Job Openings
The job openings rate was unchanged in June; the rate has held at
1.9 percent since March 2009. The number of job openings varied
little over the last four months, after falling by 2.2 million, or 45
percent, from June 2007 to March 2009. The job openings rate was
little changed in June in every industry and region. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,850 |2,523 |2,558 |4,811 |3,942 |3,776 |4,963 |4,356 |4,337
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|3,429 |2,191 |2,206 |4,498 |3,739 |3,673 |4,674 |4,066 |3,985
Construction.....| 117 | 39 | 67 | 394 | 365 | 289 | 451 | 411 | 359
Manufacturing....| 268 | 105 | 101 | 318 | 206 | 209 | 369 | 367 | 359
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 608 | 466 | 484 | 996 | 842 | 740 |1,031 | 951 | 785
Retail trade....| 361 | 319 | 316 | 679 | 575 | 516 | 692 | 601 | 546
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 713 | 451 | 412 | 869 | 721 | 680 | 928 | 771 | 727
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 714 | 530 | 528 | 547 | 473 | 530 | 495 | 419 | 485
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 516 | 265 | 304 | 820 | 695 | 708 | 823 | 684 | 711
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 46 | 20 | 16 | 109 | 83 | 104 | 116 | 88 | 104
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 468 | 239 | 283 | 707 | 606 | 601 | 714 | 596 | 611
Government(3).....| 420 | 310 | 321 | 321 | 273 | 254 | 295 | 288 | 324
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 359 | 267 | 269 | 295 | 257 | 237 | 269 | 250 | 258
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.7
Construction.....| 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 5.8
Manufacturing....| 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.0
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.1
Retail trade....| 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.4
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 3.7 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.4
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 5.5
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.4
Government(3).....| 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Over the 12 months ending in June, the job openings rate (not
seasonally adjusted) fell for total nonfarm, total private,
government, and a majority of the industries. The exceptions were
construction; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; educational services; other
services; and federal government, which were little changed. Three of
the four regions experienced a drop in the job openings rate in the 12
months ending in June: Midwest, South, and West. (See table 5.)
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Hires
The hires level was little changed at 3.8 million in June but has
declined by 1.9 million, or 33 percent, since the recent peak in July
2006. The hires rate was 2.9 percent in June. The hires rate
declined over the month in construction and trade, transportation, and
utilities. The rate increased over the month in education and health
services. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in June, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) declined for total nonfarm, total private, government, and
many industries. The rate rose in the other services industry. The
industries with little change in the rate were nondurable goods
manufacturing; transportation, warehousing, and utilities;
information; real estate and rental and leasing; educational services;
health care and social assistance; and arts, entertainment, and
recreation. The hires rate fell over the past 12 months in three of
the four regions: Midwest, South, and West. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged in June
and remained low at 3.3 percent. The total separations rate (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12 months ending in June for
total nonfarm and total private. Total separations includes quits
(voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary
separations), and other separations (including retirements). (See
tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. The rate was unchanged in June and remained
low at 1.4 percent. The quits level was 1.8 million in June, which is
43 percent lower than the recent peak in December 2006. (See table
4.)
Over the 12 months ending in June, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was lower for total nonfarm, total private, government,
nearly every industry, and all four regions. The three industries in
which the quits rate was little changed over the year were
information; educational services; and arts, entertainment, and
recreation. The only industry in which the quits rate rose over the
year was federal government. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. Layoffs and discharges levels were little changed
in June at 2.2 million for total nonfarm, 2.0 million for total
private, and 150,000 for government. The corresponding layoffs and
discharges rates were 1.6 percent, 1.8 percent, and 0.7 percent,
respectively. The number of layoffs for the U.S. in June was 35
percent higher than the recent low in January 2006. (See table B
below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was
little changed over the 12 months ending in June at the total nonfarm
and total private levels after rising over the year in January through
May. Although the total nonfarm layoffs and discharges rate was
little changed over the 12 months ending in June, the rate rose in
mining and logging; durable goods manufacturing; federal government;
and state and local government. The remaining industries and all four
regions were little changed over the year. (See table 9.)
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Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,990 | 2,273 | 2,150 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6
Total private.....| 1,882 | 2,140 | 2,004 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.8
Government....... | 105 | 130 | 150 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In
June, there were 363,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 251,000
for total private, and 111,000 for government. Compared to June 2008,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm
and total private, but higher for government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative
contribution of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the
total nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has
varied over time. After the proportion of quits decreased to an all-
time low of 38 percent in April 2009, it increased to 42 percent of
total separations in June 2009. The proportion of layoffs and
discharges moved in the opposite direction, increasing to an all-time
high of 54 percent in April 2009, and then decreasing to 50 percent in
June 2009. (See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
In each month from July 2008 to June 2009, separations exceeded
hires. Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 51.8 million
and separations totaled 57.1 million, yielding a net employment loss
of 5.3 million.
_______________________________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for July 2009 is
scheduled to be issued on Wednesday, September 9.
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
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of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
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The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 8 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 3,850 2,920 2,973 2,633 2,513 2,523 2,558 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,429 2,461 2,606 2,269 2,042 2,191 2,206 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0
Construction........................... 117 55 58 51 29 39 67 1.6 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 268 115 141 115 95 105 101 1.9 .9 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 608 488 488 414 332 466 484 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 361 362 334 265 205 319 316 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.1
Professional and business services..... 713 501 482 428 461 451 412 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4
Education and health services.......... 714 636 589 537 515 530 528 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 516 272 332 289 322 265 304 3.7 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 46 27 30 25 22 20 16 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 .8
Accommodation and food services....... 468 242 302 263 312 239 283 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.5
Government(6)........................... 420 417 367 353 461 310 321 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 359 328 317 291 307 267 269 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 661 560 607 583 520 554 610 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.4
South.................................. 1,529 1,109 1,109 1,000 942 888 880 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8
Midwest................................ 758 587 563 499 512 512 485 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
West................................... 879 655 638 556 570 544 560 2.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,811 4,460 4,339 4,099 4,117 3,942 3,776 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,498 4,141 4,042 3,799 3,822 3,739 3,673 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4
Construction........................... 394 381 370 343 341 365 289 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.6
Manufacturing.......................... 318 237 257 244 236 206 209 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 996 949 814 883 888 842 740 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9
Retail trade.......................... 679 587 563 595 655 575 516 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.5
Professional and business services..... 869 762 730 668 733 721 680 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.1
Education and health services.......... 547 539 527 483 475 473 530 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8
Leisure and hospitality................ 820 743 704 693 691 695 708 6.1 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 109 105 89 85 86 83 104 5.5 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.5
Accommodation and food services....... 707 627 614 607 603 606 601 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3
Government(6)........................... 321 306 275 271 340 273 254 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1
State and local government............. 295 261 252 247 246 257 237 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 824 753 837 696 729 712 766 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1
South.................................. 1,722 1,663 1,566 1,458 1,619 1,423 1,331 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 2.8
Midwest................................ 1,130 1,003 904 943 901 867 856 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9
West................................... 1,152 1,002 960 931 949 995 904 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,963 4,949 4,833 4,712 4,641 4,356 4,337 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,674 4,686 4,555 4,434 4,362 4,066 3,985 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7
Construction........................... 451 524 463 463 437 411 359 6.2 7.8 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.5 5.8
Manufacturing.......................... 369 476 424 401 390 367 359 2.7 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,031 1,049 920 1,001 982 951 785 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.1
Retail trade.......................... 692 645 590 646 678 601 546 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.1 3.7
Professional and business services..... 928 866 951 778 839 771 727 5.2 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.4
Education and health services.......... 495 494 498 466 462 419 485 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 823 763 731 751 716 684 711 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 116 117 88 95 102 88 104 5.9 6.0 4.5 4.9 5.4 4.6 5.5
Accommodation and food services....... 714 650 635 649 612 596 611 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.4
Government(6)........................... 295 277 271 265 255 288 324 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4
State and local government............. 269 267 251 251 243 250 258 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 811 813 783 878 700 774 780 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.2
South.................................. 1,837 1,898 1,742 1,741 1,682 1,565 1,524 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2
Midwest................................ 1,123 1,120 1,121 1,085 1,065 1,016 998 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3
West................................... 1,182 1,180 1,188 978 1,188 980 1,060 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.6
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 2,682 2,063 1,911 1,856 1,777 1,788 1,808 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,548 1,945 1,831 1,749 1,678 1,682 1,698 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6
Construction........................... 153 85 87 102 74 84 75 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 166 105 105 81 80 86 88 1.2 .8 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 571 469 372 444 385 398 392 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6
Retail trade.......................... 400 360 323 344 271 296 299 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0
Professional and business services..... 487 326 310 278 272 281 267 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6
Education and health services.......... 299 248 258 249 228 249 263 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 585 443 431 433 430 396 434 4.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 50 31 36 35 41 45 37 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.0
Accommodation and food services....... 532 412 399 402 392 351 394 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.5
Government(6)........................... 138 105 115 107 99 107 110 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5
State and local government............. 130 100 110 106 96 97 99 .7 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 397 278 271 273 263 303 262 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
South.................................. 1,062 790 759 751 691 718 671 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4
Midwest................................ 605 491 468 431 410 397 419 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
West................................... 608 492 453 408 453 398 450 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 3,727 2,509 2,495 2.6 1.9 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,265 2,194 2,152 2.7 2.0 1.9
Mining and Logging............................ 21 15 5 2.6 2.0 .7
Construction.................................. 122 44 72 1.6 .7 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 270 108 104 1.9 .9 .9
Durable goods................................ 163 64 53 1.9 .9 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 108 44 50 2.1 .9 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 574 465 463 2.1 1.8 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 141 81 97 2.3 1.4 1.7
Retail trade................................. 319 320 289 2.0 2.1 1.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 114 65 78 2.2 1.3 1.6
Information................................... 111 51 33 3.5 1.7 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 193 150 149 2.3 1.9 1.9
Finance and insurance........................ 150 111 113 2.4 1.9 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 42 39 36 1.9 1.9 1.7
Professional and business services............ 673 444 386 3.6 2.6 2.3
Education and health services................. 694 505 508 3.6 2.6 2.6
Educational services......................... 58 43 71 2.0 1.4 2.4
Health care and social assistance............ 636 462 437 3.9 2.8 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 490 287 295 3.4 2.1 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 44 25 14 1.9 1.2 .7
Accommodation and food services............. 447 262 281 3.6 2.2 2.4
Other services................................ 117 126 136 2.0 2.3 2.4
Government..................................... 461 314 343 2.0 1.3 1.5
Federal....................................... 56 43 49 2.0 1.5 1.7
State and local............................... 405 272 295 2.0 1.3 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 636 509 595 2.4 2.0 2.3
South......................................... 1,501 912 860 2.9 1.9 1.8
Midwest....................................... 719 510 460 2.2 1.7 1.5
West.......................................... 870 578 581 2.7 1.9 1.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 5,688 4,365 4,569 4.1 3.3 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,242 4,073 4,221 4.5 3.7 3.8
Mining and Logging............................ 44 19 20 5.6 2.6 2.8
Construction.................................. 495 455 358 6.6 7.2 5.6
Manufacturing................................. 380 232 249 2.8 1.9 2.1
Durable goods................................ 215 106 120 2.5 1.4 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 165 125 129 3.3 2.7 2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,071 892 783 4.0 3.5 3.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 196 166 127 3.3 2.9 2.2
Retail trade................................. 708 606 531 4.6 4.1 3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 166 119 124 3.3 2.5 2.6
Information................................... 79 56 65 2.6 1.9 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 272 182 213 3.3 2.3 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 169 110 115 2.8 1.9 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 103 72 97 4.7 3.6 4.8
Professional and business services............ 983 749 703 5.5 4.5 4.2
Education and health services................. 614 438 601 3.3 2.3 3.2
Educational services......................... 113 53 102 4.0 1.7 3.5
Health care and social assistance............ 502 385 500 3.2 2.4 3.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 1,001 849 875 7.1 6.3 6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 168 130 165 7.5 6.5 7.8
Accommodation and food services............. 833 719 709 7.0 6.3 6.1
Other services................................ 302 202 354 5.4 3.7 6.4
Government..................................... 446 292 347 2.0 1.3 1.5
Federal....................................... 32 19 21 1.1 .7 .7
State and local............................... 414 273 327 2.1 1.4 1.7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 1,003 764 949 3.9 3.1 3.8
South......................................... 1,993 1,520 1,571 4.0 3.2 3.3
Midwest....................................... 1,325 1,002 999 4.2 3.3 3.3
West.......................................... 1,367 1,079 1,050 4.4 3.6 3.5
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,896 3,893 4,181 3.5 2.9 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,464 3,582 3,720 3.8 3.3 3.4
Mining and Logging............................ 24 21 19 3.0 3.0 2.7
Construction.................................. 403 338 316 5.4 5.3 4.9
Manufacturing................................. 337 323 317 2.5 2.7 2.7
Durable goods................................ 202 198 199 2.3 2.7 2.7
Nondurable goods............................. 135 125 118 2.7 2.7 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 954 854 723 3.6 3.4 2.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 163 160 117 2.7 2.8 2.0
Retail trade................................. 631 567 482 4.1 3.8 3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 160 126 124 3.1 2.6 2.6
Information................................... 73 69 70 2.4 2.4 2.5
Financial activities.......................... 204 161 157 2.5 2.1 2.0
Finance and insurance........................ 133 103 97 2.2 1.8 1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 72 57 60 3.3 2.9 3.0
Professional and business services............ 918 626 673 5.1 3.7 4.0
Education and health services................. 540 424 533 2.9 2.2 2.8
Educational services......................... 102 80 94 3.6 2.6 3.2
Health care and social assistance............ 438 344 438 2.8 2.1 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 812 606 710 5.8 4.5 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 87 63 84 3.9 3.2 3.9
Accommodation and food services............. 725 543 626 6.1 4.7 5.4
Other services................................ 199 160 202 3.5 2.9 3.7
Government..................................... 432 311 461 1.9 1.4 2.0
Federal....................................... 25 37 66 .9 1.3 2.3
State and local............................... 407 274 395 2.1 1.4 2.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 801 634 767 3.1 2.5 3.1
South......................................... 1,844 1,493 1,450 3.7 3.1 3.0
Midwest....................................... 1,064 875 923 3.4 2.9 3.1
West.......................................... 1,187 890 1,040 3.8 3.0 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,767 1,767 1,869 2.0 1.3 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,584 1,645 1,720 2.2 1.5 1.6
Mining and Logging............................ 17 5 6 2.1 .7 .8
Construction.................................. 167 83 81 2.2 1.3 1.3
Manufacturing................................. 158 85 85 1.2 .7 .7
Durable goods................................ 91 38 40 1.1 .5 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 67 47 44 1.3 1.0 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 542 397 369 2.0 1.6 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 74 39 45 1.2 .7 .8
Retail trade................................. 379 301 281 2.5 2.0 1.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 89 58 44 1.7 1.2 .9
Information................................... 39 38 33 1.3 1.3 1.1
Financial activities.......................... 121 67 60 1.5 .9 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 82 34 43 1.4 .6 .7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 39 33 17 1.8 1.7 .8
Professional and business services............ 518 272 282 2.9 1.6 1.7
Education and health services................. 303 245 269 1.6 1.3 1.4
Educational services......................... 41 22 40 1.4 .7 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 262 223 229 1.7 1.4 1.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 579 371 434 4.1 2.8 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 53 38 40 2.4 1.9 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 526 333 394 4.4 2.9 3.4
Other services................................ 142 81 101 2.5 1.5 1.8
Government..................................... 183 123 149 .8 .5 .7
Federal....................................... 8 12 16 .3 .4 .6
State and local............................... 175 110 133 .9 .5 .7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 402 283 268 1.6 1.1 1.1
South......................................... 1,099 729 685 2.2 1.5 1.4
Midwest....................................... 610 365 426 1.9 1.2 1.4
West.......................................... 656 390 490 2.1 1.3 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 1,826 1,838 1,949 1.3 1.4 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,667 1,702 1,749 1.4 1.6 1.6
Mining and Logging............................ 6 14 10 .7 2.0 1.4
Construction.................................. 220 249 225 2.9 3.9 3.5
Manufacturing................................. 155 216 198 1.1 1.8 1.7
Durable goods................................ 96 147 131 1.1 2.0 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 59 70 66 1.2 1.5 1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 349 374 310 1.3 1.5 1.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 75 106 68 1.2 1.9 1.2
Retail trade................................. 211 206 170 1.4 1.4 1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 63 62 72 1.2 1.3 1.5
Information................................... 30 23 31 1.0 .8 1.1
Financial activities.......................... 74 75 92 .9 1.0 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 46 52 50 .8 .9 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 28 23 42 1.3 1.1 2.1
Professional and business services............ 369 309 341 2.1 1.8 2.0
Education and health services................. 207 152 209 1.1 .8 1.1
Educational services......................... 58 52 48 2.0 1.7 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 148 99 162 .9 .6 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 203 213 247 1.4 1.6 1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 32 24 42 1.5 1.2 2.0
Accommodation and food services............. 170 189 205 1.4 1.7 1.8
Other services................................ 55 78 85 1.0 1.4 1.6
Government..................................... 158 135 200 .7 .6 .9
Federal....................................... 10 10 20 .4 .4 .7
State and local............................... 148 125 181 .8 .6 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 344 305 407 1.3 1.2 1.6
South......................................... 637 666 642 1.3 1.4 1.3
Midwest....................................... 377 434 428 1.2 1.4 1.4
West.......................................... 468 433 472 1.5 1.5 1.6
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 303 288 363 0.2 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 212 235 251 .2 .2 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 1 2 3 .2 .3 .4
Construction.................................. 17 7 9 .2 .1 .1
Manufacturing................................. 24 22 35 .2 .2 .3
Durable goods................................ 14 13 27 .2 .2 .4
Nondurable goods............................. 10 8 8 .2 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 63 82 44 .2 .3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 14 16 4 .2 .3 .1
Retail trade................................. 42 60 32 .3 .4 .2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 7 6 9 .1 .1 .2
Information................................... 4 8 7 .1 .3 .2
Financial activities.......................... 10 19 5 .1 .2 .1
Finance and insurance........................ 5 17 4 .1 .3 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 5 2 1 .2 .1 (4)
Professional and business services............ 30 45 50 .2 .3 .3
Education and health services................. 30 28 54 .2 .1 .3
Educational services......................... 3 5 6 .1 .2 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 27 22 48 .2 .1 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 31 21 28 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 1 2 .1 (4) .1
Accommodation and food services............. 29 20 27 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 2 1 15 (4) (4) .3
Government..................................... 91 53 111 .4 .2 .5
Federal....................................... 8 14 31 .3 .5 1.1
State and local............................... 84 39 81 .4 .2 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 55 46 93 .2 .2 .4
South......................................... 108 99 124 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 77 76 68 .2 .3 .2
West.......................................... 63 67 78 .2 .2 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
