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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, August 29, 2023    USDL-23-1890
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2023

The number of job openings edged down to 8.8 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations changed 
little at 5.8 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.5 million) decreased, while 
layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class.
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number of job openings edged down to 8.8 million (-338,000), 
while the rate changed little at 5.3 percent. Over the month, job openings decreased in professional and 
business services (-198,000); health care and social assistance (-130,000); state and local government, 
excluding education (-67,000); state and local government education (-62,000); and federal government 
(-27,000). By contrast, job openings increased in information (+101,000) and in transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (+75,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.8 million and 3.7 percent, respectively. The 
number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number and rate of total separations in July were little changed at 5.5 million and 3.5 percent, 
respectively. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in accommodation and food 
services (-132,000). (See table 3.)

In July, the number of quits decreased to 3.5 million (-253,000), while the rate changed little at 2.3 
percent. The number of quits declined in accommodation and food services (-166,000); wholesale trade  
(-27,000); and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-17,000). The number of quits increased in state and 
local government education (+18,000). (See table 4.)

In July, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million, and the rate held at 1.0 
percent. The number of layoffs and discharges changed little in all industries. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 378,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In July, establishments with 1 to 9 employees saw little change in all data elements. Establishments with 
more than 5,000 employees had decreases in their quits rates and total separations rates. (See table 7.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 3, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

11,380 9,165 8,827 6,340 5,940 5,773 5,864 5,691 5,483

Total private

10,266 8,048 7,866 5,935 5,554 5,413 5,523 5,365 5,131

Mining and logging

35 31 26 25 26 27 18 27 24

Construction

353 386 363 398 372 386 375 318 368

Manufacturing

885 580 550 434 396 402 414 391 414

Durable goods

523 364 349 239 203 205 223 195 207

Nondurable goods

362 215 202 195 194 197 190 197 207

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,760 1,450 1,493 1,318 1,174 1,191 1,205 1,163 1,136

Wholesale trade

269 269 237 169 143 149 157 149 127

Retail trade

920 737 737 791 717 743 717 699 715

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

571 444 519 359 314 299 332 314 294

Information

253 159 260 102 79 83 97 86 107

Financial activities

642 457 497 233 183 201 216 166 174

Finance and insurance

486 328 343 149 109 121 138 105 111

Real estate and rental and leasing

156 129 153 84 74 80 78 60 63

Professional and business services

2,086 1,534 1,336 1,251 1,113 1,091 1,232 1,123 1,071

Education and health services

2,237 1,910 1,800 862 934 852 742 842 766

Educational services

210 173 193 99 104 94 75 94 90

Health care and social assistance

2,027 1,737 1,607 763 830 758 666 749 675

Leisure and hospitality

1,552 1,166 1,228 1,098 1,057 985 1,030 1,025 872

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

197 162 163 159 182 150 161 161 139

Accommodation and food services

1,355 1,004 1,065 939 874 836 869 865 733

Other services

463 376 312 214 220 194 194 224 199

Government

1,114 1,117 962 404 386 360 341 326 352

Federal

174 155 128 50 49 46 35 42 38

State and local

940 962 834 354 337 314 306 284 314

State and local education

340 288 226 173 177 152 151 153 169

State and local, excluding education

600 674 607 180 160 163 155 131 145




RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

6.9 5.5 5.3 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5

Total private

7.3 5.7 5.6 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8

Mining and logging

5.3 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 2.9 4.3 3.7

Construction

4.3 4.6 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.6

Manufacturing

6.4 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2

Durable goods

6.1 4.3 4.1 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5

Nondurable goods

6.9 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

5.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9

Wholesale trade

4.3 4.3 3.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.1

Retail trade

5.6 4.5 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

7.3 5.7 6.7 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.3 4.0

Information

7.5 4.9 7.8 3.3 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.8 3.5

Financial activities

6.6 4.8 5.1 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.9

Finance and insurance

6.8 4.6 4.9 2.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

6.2 5.1 5.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.5 2.6

Professional and business services

8.4 6.2 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.7 5.4 4.9 4.7

Education and health services

8.4 7.0 6.6 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.0

Educational services

5.2 4.2 4.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance

9.0 7.5 7.0 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

8.9 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.4 5.9 6.5 6.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

7.9 6.2 6.2 6.9 7.4 6.1 7.0 6.5 5.6

Accommodation and food services

9.1 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.9 6.4 6.1 5.2

Other services

7.5 6.0 5.0 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.4

Government

4.8 4.7 4.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5

Federal

5.7 5.0 4.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.3

State and local

4.6 4.6 4.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6

State and local education

3.2 2.7 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding education

6.2 6.8 6.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.


Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

11,380 10,320 9,616 9,165 8,827 -338 6.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.3 -0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

10,266 9,291 8,496 8,048 7,866 -182 7.3 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Mining and logging

35 36 32 31 26 -5 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Construction

353 347 379 386 363 -23 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Manufacturing

885 668 608 580 550 -30 6.4 4.9 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Durable goods

523 395 379 364 349 -15 6.1 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Nondurable goods

362 273 229 215 202 -13 6.9 5.3 4.5 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,760 1,774 1,638 1,450 1,493 43 5.8 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.9 0.1

Wholesale trade

269 259 252 269 237 -32 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.8 -0.5

Retail trade

920 954 816 737 737 0 5.6 5.8 5.0 4.5 4.5 0.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

571 561 571 444 519 75 7.3 7.1 7.3 5.7 6.7 1.0

Information

253 181 190 159 260 101 7.5 5.5 5.8 4.9 7.8 2.9

Financial activities

642 565 430 457 497 40 6.6 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.1 0.3

Finance and insurance

486 451 306 328 343 15 6.8 6.3 4.4 4.6 4.9 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

156 113 124 129 153 24 6.2 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.9 0.8

Professional and business services

2,086 1,718 1,695 1,534 1,336 -198 8.4 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 -0.7

Education and health services

2,237 2,179 1,905 1,910 1,800 -110 8.4 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.6 -0.4

Educational services

210 168 204 173 193 20 5.2 4.1 4.9 4.2 4.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance

2,027 2,010 1,701 1,737 1,607 -130 9.0 8.7 7.4 7.5 7.0 -0.5

Leisure and hospitality

1,552 1,463 1,303 1,166 1,228 62 8.9 8.1 7.3 6.6 6.9 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

197 241 154 162 163 1 7.9 9.0 5.9 6.2 6.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services

1,355 1,222 1,149 1,004 1,065 61 9.1 8.0 7.5 6.6 7.0 0.4

Other services

463 361 317 376 312 -64 7.5 5.8 5.1 6.0 5.0 -1.0

Government

1,114 1,029 1,120 1,117 962 -155 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Federal

174 149 181 155 128 -27 5.7 4.9 5.9 5.0 4.2 -0.8

State and local

940 881 938 962 834 -128 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.0 -0.6

State and local education

340 313 338 288 226 -62 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.1 -0.6

State and local, excluding education

600 568 600 674 607 -67 6.2 5.8 6.1 6.8 6.1 -0.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,803 1,629 1,436 1,493 1,522 29 6.2 5.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 0.1

South

4,292 4,088 4,035 3,785 3,429 -356 7.0 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.6 -0.5

Midwest

2,439 2,239 2,106 1,918 1,849 -69 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.2 -0.2

West

2,847 2,364 2,039 1,970 2,027 57 7.3 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 0.1

Footnotes
(1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

6,340 6,101 6,231 5,940 5,773 -167 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,935 5,709 5,828 5,554 5,413 -141 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Mining and logging

25 25 29 26 27 1 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.2 0.1

Construction

398 357 361 372 386 14 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.8 0.1

Manufacturing

434 393 451 396 402 6 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.1 0.0

Durable goods

239 209 250 203 205 2 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.5 0.0

Nondurable goods

195 183 201 194 197 3 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,318 1,249 1,325 1,174 1,191 17 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.1 0.0

Wholesale trade

169 178 170 143 149 6 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 0.1

Retail trade

791 723 819 717 743 26 5.1 4.7 5.3 4.6 4.8 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

359 348 336 314 299 -15 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Information

102 81 67 79 83 4 3.3 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.7 0.1

Financial activities

233 229 233 183 201 18 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.2 0.2

Finance and insurance

149 151 171 109 121 12 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.8 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

84 79 62 74 80 6 3.5 3.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 0.2

Professional and business services

1,251 1,205 1,117 1,113 1,091 -22 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Education and health services

862 885 948 934 852 -82 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Educational services

99 101 99 104 94 -10 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Health care and social assistance

763 784 849 830 758 -72 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.5 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,098 1,100 1,077 1,057 985 -72 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.4 5.9 -0.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

159 162 150 182 150 -32 6.9 6.7 6.2 7.4 6.1 -1.3

Accommodation and food services

939 938 926 874 836 -38 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Other services

214 185 221 220 194 -26 3.7 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Government

404 391 403 386 360 -26 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

Federal

50 45 51 49 46 -3 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local

354 346 352 337 314 -23 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 -0.1

State and local education

173 177 185 177 152 -25 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 -0.2

State and local, excluding education

180 169 167 160 163 3 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

921 942 900 884 861 -23 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

South

2,686 2,549 2,631 2,495 2,398 -97 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Midwest

1,337 1,303 1,366 1,214 1,196 -18 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.6 0.0

West

1,396 1,307 1,334 1,347 1,318 -29 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

5,864 5,660 5,925 5,691 5,483 -208 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,523 5,306 5,579 5,365 5,131 -234 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Mining and logging

18 20 25 27 24 -3 2.9 3.2 3.8 4.3 3.7 -0.6

Construction

375 377 341 318 368 50 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.6 0.6

Manufacturing

414 393 445 391 414 23 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.2 0.2

Durable goods

223 199 238 195 207 12 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.5 0.1

Nondurable goods

190 194 207 197 207 10 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.3 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,205 1,262 1,346 1,163 1,136 -27 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade

157 188 173 149 127 -22 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.1 -0.4

Retail trade

717 739 847 699 715 16 4.6 4.8 5.4 4.5 4.6 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

332 335 326 314 294 -20 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.0 -0.3

Information

97 71 83 86 107 21 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.5 0.7

Financial activities

216 207 203 166 174 8 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.9 0.1

Finance and insurance

138 136 145 105 111 6 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

78 71 58 60 63 3 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

Professional and business services

1,232 1,041 1,014 1,123 1,071 -52 5.4 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 -0.2

Education and health services

742 777 889 842 766 -76 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Educational services

75 81 89 94 90 -4 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance

666 696 801 749 675 -74 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,030 967 1,024 1,025 872 -153 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.3 -0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

161 136 141 161 139 -22 7.0 5.6 5.8 6.5 5.6 -0.9

Accommodation and food services

869 830 883 865 733 -132 6.4 5.9 6.3 6.1 5.2 -0.9

Other services

194 190 210 224 199 -25 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.4 -0.4

Government

341 354 346 326 352 26 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1

Federal

35 41 44 42 38 -4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 -0.1

State and local

306 313 303 284 314 30 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.2

State and local education

151 158 156 153 169 16 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 0.1

State and local, excluding education

155 155 146 131 145 14 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

891 804 864 828 838 10 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 0.0

South

2,416 2,265 2,604 2,391 2,297 -94 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Midwest

1,203 1,313 1,218 1,214 1,147 -67 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 -0.2

West

1,353 1,278 1,239 1,258 1,200 -58 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

4,016 3,765 4,067 3,802 3,549 -253 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 -0.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,810 3,569 3,869 3,618 3,341 -277 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Mining and logging

11 10 16 16 16 0 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 0.1

Construction

195 170 207 180 187 7 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.3 0.0

Manufacturing

280 248 283 258 271 13 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 0.1

Durable goods

155 123 143 123 125 2 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 0.0

Nondurable goods

124 125 140 135 145 10 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

854 887 913 798 782 -16 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Wholesale trade

91 129 115 106 79 -27 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.3 -0.5

Retail trade

554 544 593 493 534 41 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

209 213 204 199 169 -30 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 -0.4

Information

47 46 34 48 55 7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.3

Financial activities

162 148 133 125 105 -20 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Finance and insurance

108 94 92 77 62 -15 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

54 54 41 48 43 -5 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.7 -0.3

Professional and business services

812 594 637 612 605 -7 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Education and health services

532 577 675 614 553 -61 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Educational services

45 58 61 55 51 -4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Health care and social assistance

487 519 613 559 502 -57 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality

798 766 809 828 645 -183 5.0 4.6 4.9 5.0 3.9 -1.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

80 78 83 106 89 -17 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.3 3.6 -0.7

Accommodation and food services

718 687 725 722 556 -166 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 3.9 -1.2

Other services

117 125 163 139 123 -16 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.4 2.1 -0.3

Government

206 195 197 184 208 24 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Federal

16 18 20 20 18 -2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1

State and local

190 177 177 164 190 26 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.2

State and local education

99 101 97 100 118 18 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

91 76 80 64 72 8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

580 509 549 475 486 11 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.7 0.0

South

1,705 1,608 1,872 1,683 1,558 -125 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Midwest

827 795 809 812 750 -62 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 -0.2

West

904 853 836 832 756 -76 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

1,497 1,590 1,546 1,551 1,555 4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,424 1,493 1,460 1,464 1,467 3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Mining and logging

4 8 8 11 6 -5 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.7 0.9 -0.8

Construction

163 194 127 122 171 49 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 0.6

Manufacturing

100 120 142 113 119 6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.0

Durable goods

46 62 84 61 67 6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.0

Nondurable goods

54 58 58 51 52 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

295 327 387 312 298 -14 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Wholesale trade

52 56 52 34 32 -2 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 -0.1

Retail trade

139 166 232 180 161 -19 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

104 105 103 97 105 8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

Information

37 14 41 26 39 13 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.5

Financial activities

30 44 50 24 42 18 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2

Finance and insurance

12 28 37 14 25 11 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

18 15 13 11 17 6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3

Professional and business services

341 394 310 423 362 -61 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.6 -0.2

Education and health services

166 151 151 181 159 -22 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Educational services

25 21 22 32 33 1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.0

Health care and social assistance

140 131 130 149 126 -23 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality

222 188 202 183 211 28 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

79 56 55 51 44 -7 3.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 -0.3

Accommodation and food services

143 131 147 132 167 35 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.3

Other services

66 53 41 69 60 -9 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Government

72 97 86 87 88 1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

Federal

5 8 8 8 8 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local

67 89 78 79 80 1 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

State and local education

29 38 37 34 27 -7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

State and local, excluding education

38 52 41 45 53 8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

258 244 256 269 306 37 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

South

582 550 616 591 570 -21 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Midwest

325 446 342 322 313 -9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

West

331 350 332 369 367 -2 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

Total

351 305 313 339 378 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

289 244 250 284 323 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Mining and logging

3 2 1 1 2 1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Construction

17 14 7 16 9 -7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing

34 25 20 20 25 5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Durable goods

22 13 12 10 15 5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods

11 11 8 10 10 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

57 49 47 52 56 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wholesale trade

15 3 6 8 15 7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

Retail trade

23 28 23 26 20 -6 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

20 17 19 18 20 2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Information

13 12 8 12 12 0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0

Financial activities

24 14 20 16 28 12 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Finance and insurance

18 13 16 15 24 9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

6 1 4 1 4 3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services

78 54 66 88 105 17 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1

Education and health services

44 49 63 47 54 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services

5 3 5 7 6 -1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance

39 47 57 40 47 7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality

9 14 13 14 17 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1 2 3 4 6 2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services

8 12 10 10 11 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Other services

11 12 6 16 16 0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Government

62 61 63 55 55 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Federal

13 15 15 14 12 -2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

State and local

49 46 48 41 43 2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local education

23 19 22 19 23 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

State and local, excluding education

26 27 26 22 20 -2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

53 50 59 84 47 -37 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1

South

129 108 117 118 169 51 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Midwest

52 73 66 80 84 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

West

118 74 70 58 78 20 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Footnotes
(1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted
Establishment size class Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

JOB OPENINGS

Total private

10,266 9,291 8,496 8,048 7,866 -182 7.3 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

1 to 9 employees

1,682 1,731 1,439 1,472 1,567 95 7.2 7.6 6.3 6.3 6.7 0.4

10 to 49 employees

3,265 2,758 2,559 2,435 2,379 -56 6.7 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.1 -0.3

50 to 249 employees

2,898 2,675 2,514 2,303 2,159 -144 7.3 6.2 6.0 5.5 5.2 -0.3

250 to 999 employees

1,393 1,193 1,080 1,003 933 -70 8.0 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.4 -0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees

733 644 643 566 543 -23 8.6 8.1 7.9 7.1 6.8 -0.3

5,000 or more employees

296 291 262 269 284 15 8.0 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.6 0.2

HIRES

Total private

5,935 5,709 5,828 5,554 5,413 -141 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

1 to 9 employees

939 852 951 875 862 -13 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

10 to 49 employees

1,890 1,853 1,863 1,772 1,673 -99 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 -0.3

50 to 249 employees

1,844 1,825 1,803 1,833 1,781 -52 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

250 to 999 employees

823 775 820 734 724 -10 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.4 0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

361 322 305 257 288 31 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.9 0.4

5,000 or more employees

78 82 86 82 85 3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 0.0

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private

5,523 5,306 5,579 5,365 5,131 -234 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 -0.2

1 to 9 employees

825 774 805 798 747 -51 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 -0.3

10 to 49 employees

1,759 1,810 1,958 1,780 1,863 83 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.2 0.1

50 to 249 employees

1,719 1,702 1,722 1,668 1,498 -170 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 3.8 -0.4

250 to 999 employees

843 699 736 749 677 -72 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.1 -0.2

1,000 to 4,999 employees

318 265 294 296 280 -16 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

5,000 or more employees

60 57 63 75 66 -9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.6 -0.3

QUITS

Total private

3,810 3,569 3,869 3,618 3,341 -277 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 -0.2

1 to 9 employees

544 489 626 514 454 -60 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.4 2.1 -0.3

10 to 49 employees

1,315 1,280 1,420 1,256 1,248 -8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.8 -0.1

50 to 249 employees

1,200 1,161 1,165 1,191 1,022 -169 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.6 -0.4

250 to 999 employees

509 440 450 445 420 -25 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 0.0

1,000 to 4,999 employees

204 165 169 165 157 -8 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 -0.1

5,000 or more employees

37 34 39 47 40 -7 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private

1,424 1,493 1,460 1,464 1,467 3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

1 to 9 employees

202 218 160 214 236 22 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.1

10 to 49 employees

368 437 451 445 506 61 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

50 to 249 employees

447 505 487 419 412 -7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.1

250 to 999 employees

300 236 246 260 202 -58 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2 -0.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

94 82 102 107 95 -12 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 -0.1

5,000 or more employees

12 15 15 18 16 -2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 -0.1

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private

289 244 250 284 323 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 9 employees

79 67 18 70 57 -13 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

10 to 49 employees

75 92 87 79 109 30 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 249 employees

71 37 70 58 63 5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

250 to 999 employees

34 23 40 43 55 12 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees

19 18 24 24 27 3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1

5,000 or more employees

10 7 10 9 11 2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.


Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

12,392 8,885 9,515 7.5 5.4 5.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

11,162 7,736 8,479 7.8 5.4 5.9

Mining and logging

39 29 28 5.9 4.3 4.2

Construction

380 397 385 4.5 4.7 4.5

Manufacturing

938 575 567 6.8 4.2 4.2

Durable goods

558 365 362 6.5 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods

380 210 205 7.2 4.1 4.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,965 1,411 1,650 6.4 4.7 5.4

Wholesale trade

291 266 242 4.6 4.2 3.8

Retail trade

1,067 697 859 6.4 4.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

608 448 550 7.9 5.9 7.2

Information

261 152 265 7.7 4.7 7.9

Financial activities

703 427 565 7.2 4.4 5.8

Finance and insurance

535 300 399 7.4 4.3 5.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

168 127 166 6.5 4.9 6.3

Professional and business services

2,242 1,444 1,424 9.0 5.9 5.8

Education and health services

2,410 1,775 1,928 9.1 6.6 7.1

Educational services

246 166 229 6.5 4.3 5.9

Health care and social assistance

2,164 1,610 1,699 9.5 7.0 7.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,734 1,160 1,339 9.4 6.3 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

198 142 159 7.0 4.9 5.4

Accommodation and food services

1,536 1,017 1,180 9.8 6.5 7.5

Other services

489 366 328 7.8 5.8 5.2

Government

1,230 1,149 1,036 5.5 4.8 4.6

Federal

184 160 123 6.0 5.2 4.0

State and local

1,047 989 914 5.4 4.8 4.7

State and local education

429 320 279 4.6 3.1 3.0

State and local, excluding education

617 669 635 6.2 6.6 6.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,920 1,445 1,617 6.6 4.9 5.5

South

4,820 3,695 3,776 7.8 6.0 6.1

Midwest

2,654 1,859 1,955 7.5 5.3 5.6

West

2,997 1,886 2,168 7.6 4.8 5.5

Footnotes
(1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

7,004 6,848 6,227 4.6 4.4 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,533 6,374 5,820 5.0 4.7 4.3

Mining and logging

27 29 28 4.3 4.5 4.4

Construction

442 437 435 5.5 5.4 5.3

Manufacturing

484 477 446 3.7 3.7 3.4

Durable goods

260 238 219 3.3 2.9 2.7

Nondurable goods

223 239 227 4.5 4.9 4.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,316 1,210 1,155 4.6 4.2 4.0

Wholesale trade

192 159 163 3.2 2.6 2.7

Retail trade

775 793 730 5.0 5.1 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

348 257 262 4.9 3.6 3.7

Information

115 84 92 3.7 2.7 3.0

Financial activities

265 185 228 2.9 2.0 2.5

Finance and insurance

168 107 130 2.5 1.6 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

97 77 97 4.0 3.1 3.9

Professional and business services

1,407 1,249 1,200 6.2 5.4 5.2

Education and health services

1,007 1,027 980 4.2 4.1 3.9

Educational services

131 125 121 3.7 3.4 3.3

Health care and social assistance

876 902 859 4.3 4.2 4.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,229 1,384 1,039 7.4 8.0 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

165 321 148 6.2 11.7 5.3

Accommodation and food services

1,064 1,063 891 7.6 7.3 6.1

Other services

243 293 216 4.2 4.9 3.6

Government

471 474 407 2.2 2.1 1.9

Federal

53 46 47 1.8 1.6 1.6

State and local

419 428 360 2.3 2.2 1.9

State and local education

206 167 169 2.3 1.6 1.9

State and local, excluding education

213 261 190 2.3 2.7 2.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,087 1,093 976 4.0 3.9 3.5

South

2,925 2,763 2,577 5.1 4.7 4.4

Midwest

1,438 1,483 1,250 4.4 4.4 3.8

West

1,554 1,509 1,424 4.3 4.1 3.8

Footnotes
(1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

6,461 6,039 6,060 4.2 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,048 5,543 5,638 4.6 4.1 4.2

Mining and logging

19 25 26 3.1 3.9 3.9

Construction

397 309 401 5.0 3.8 4.9

Manufacturing

446 408 444 3.4 3.1 3.4

Durable goods

237 201 215 3.0 2.5 2.6

Nondurable goods

208 207 229 4.2 4.2 4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,256 1,090 1,152 4.4 3.8 4.0

Wholesale trade

165 151 130 2.7 2.5 2.1

Retail trade

762 682 750 4.9 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

329 257 272 4.6 3.6 3.8

Information

99 88 111 3.2 2.8 3.6

Financial activities

243 165 194 2.7 1.8 2.1

Finance and insurance

150 103 116 2.2 1.5 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

93 62 78 3.9 2.5 3.1

Professional and business services

1,317 1,161 1,166 5.8 5.0 5.0

Education and health services

884 982 897 3.7 3.9 3.6

Educational services

98 160 112 2.8 4.3 3.1

Health care and social assistance

786 822 785 3.8 3.8 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

1,148 1,071 1,018 6.9 6.2 5.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

150 144 141 5.7 5.2 5.1

Accommodation and food services

998 927 876 7.1 6.4 6.0

Other services

239 244 231 4.1 4.1 3.9

Government

413 495 422 2.0 2.2 2.0

Federal

37 42 38 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local

377 453 383 2.1 2.3 2.1

State and local education

218 322 239 2.5 3.2 2.6

State and local, excluding education

159 130 145 1.7 1.4 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

961 889 940 3.5 3.2 3.4

South

2,690 2,532 2,532 4.7 4.3 4.4

Midwest

1,294 1,290 1,245 4.0 3.9 3.7

West

1,516 1,328 1,342 4.2 3.6 3.6

Footnotes
(1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

4,615 4,097 4,091 3.0 2.6 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,367 3,799 3,836 3.3 2.8 2.9

Mining and logging

13 17 18 2.1 2.6 2.8

Construction

241 191 240 3.0 2.3 2.9

Manufacturing

307 283 296 2.4 2.2 2.3

Durable goods

167 131 130 2.1 1.6 1.6

Nondurable goods

141 152 166 2.9 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

941 785 841 3.3 2.7 2.9

Wholesale trade

100 109 85 1.7 1.8 1.4

Retail trade

609 496 581 3.9 3.2 3.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

232 179 175 3.3 2.5 2.5

Information

54 46 63 1.7 1.5 2.0

Financial activities

181 126 115 2.0 1.4 1.2

Finance and insurance

120 74 65 1.8 1.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

61 53 49 2.5 2.1 2.0

Professional and business services

903 649 690 4.0 2.8 3.0

Education and health services

631 680 638 2.6 2.7 2.5

Educational services

63 85 64 1.8 2.3 1.7

Health care and social assistance

568 594 574 2.8 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

943 876 793 5.6 5.1 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

98 110 109 3.7 4.0 3.9

Accommodation and food services

846 766 684 6.0 5.3 4.7

Other services

152 148 142 2.6 2.5 2.4

Government

248 298 255 1.2 1.3 1.2

Federal

17 21 18 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local

231 277 237 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local education

132 205 159 1.5 2.0 1.8

State and local, excluding education

99 73 78 1.1 0.8 0.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

674 502 590 2.5 1.8 2.1

South

1,952 1,832 1,758 3.4 3.1 3.0

Midwest

946 874 870 2.9 2.6 2.6

West

1,043 890 873 2.9 2.4 2.4

Footnotes
(1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

1,447 1,553 1,516 0.9 1.0 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,363 1,443 1,423 1.0 1.1 1.1

Mining and logging

4 7 5 0.6 1.1 0.8

Construction

138 107 151 1.7 1.3 1.8

Manufacturing

101 105 119 0.8 0.8 0.9

Durable goods

45 59 67 0.6 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods

55 45 52 1.1 0.9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

254 257 254 0.9 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade

49 34 29 0.8 0.6 0.5

Retail trade

128 161 148 0.8 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

76 63 77 1.1 0.9 1.1

Information

33 30 35 1.1 1.0 1.1

Financial activities

36 24 49 0.4 0.3 0.5

Finance and insurance

12 16 26 0.2 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

25 8 23 1.0 0.3 0.9

Professional and business services

317 408 329 1.4 1.8 1.4

Education and health services

209 248 200 0.9 1.0 0.8

Educational services

29 62 40 0.8 1.7 1.1

Health care and social assistance

180 185 160 0.9 0.9 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

196 179 207 1.2 1.0 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

51 30 26 1.9 1.1 0.9

Accommodation and food services

145 150 181 1.0 1.0 1.2

Other services

75 79 71 1.3 1.3 1.2

Government

84 110 93 0.4 0.5 0.4

Federal

5 7 8 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local

79 103 86 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local education

49 69 41 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education

30 34 45 0.3 0.4 0.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

225 288 294 0.8 1.0 1.1

South

602 569 587 1.1 1.0 1.0

Midwest

294 320 277 0.9 1.0 0.8

West

325 376 359 0.9 1.0 1.0

Footnotes
(1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

Total

399 388 453 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

318 301 380 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging

2 1 2 0.4 0.2 0.3

Construction

17 11 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

38 20 28 0.3 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

26 10 17 0.3 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods

12 10 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

61 49 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

16 8 16 0.3 0.1 0.3

Retail trade

25 25 21 0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

20 16 20 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information

12 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.4

Financial activities

25 14 30 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

18 13 25 0.3 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

8 1 5 0.3 0.0 0.2

Professional and business services

96 105 146 0.4 0.5 0.6

Education and health services

45 55 59 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

6 13 9 0.2 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance

39 43 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

9 16 18 0.1 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1 4 6 0.0 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services

8 12 12 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services

11 17 18 0.2 0.3 0.3

Government

82 87 73 0.4 0.4 0.3

Federal

15 14 12 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local

67 73 61 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local education

37 49 39 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding education

30 24 22 0.3 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

62 99 56 0.2 0.4 0.2

South

137 131 188 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest

54 95 98 0.2 0.3 0.3

West

147 62 111 0.4 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted
Establishment size class Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

JOB OPENINGS

Total private

11,162 7,736 8,479 7.8 5.4 5.9

1 to 9 employees

2,045 1,300 1,910 8.6 5.6 8.0

10 to 49 employees

3,603 2,368 2,571 7.3 5.2 5.4

50 to 249 employees

3,102 2,290 2,279 7.8 5.4 5.4

250 to 999 employees

1,392 995 919 7.9 5.4 5.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

733 528 529 8.5 6.6 6.6

5,000 or more employees

288 255 270 7.7 6.1 6.2

HIRES

Total private

6,533 6,374 5,820 5.0 4.7 4.3

1 to 9 employees

1,171 904 1,038 5.4 4.1 4.7

10 to 49 employees

2,094 2,068 1,804 4.6 4.8 4.0

50 to 249 employees

1,948 2,182 1,853 5.3 5.4 4.7

250 to 999 employees

862 866 740 5.3 5.0 4.5

1,000 to 4,999 employees

371 262 290 4.7 3.5 3.9

5,000 or more employees

87 93 95 2.5 2.4 2.3

TOTAL SEPARATIONS

Total private

6,048 5,543 5,638 4.6 4.1 4.2

1 to 9 employees

1,011 795 930 4.6 3.6 4.2

10 to 49 employees

1,932 1,837 2,045 4.2 4.2 4.6

50 to 249 employees

1,844 1,731 1,612 5.0 4.3 4.1

250 to 999 employees

872 795 704 5.4 4.6 4.3

1,000 to 4,999 employees

325 298 277 4.1 4.0 3.7

5,000 or more employees

63 88 72 1.8 2.2 1.8

QUITS

Total private

4,367 3,799 3,836 3.3 2.8 2.9

1 to 9 employees

702 535 601 3.2 2.4 2.7

10 to 49 employees

1,506 1,290 1,426 3.3 3.0 3.2

50 to 249 employees

1,334 1,257 1,138 3.6 3.1 2.9

250 to 999 employees

561 492 462 3.5 2.8 2.8

1,000 to 4,999 employees

223 170 166 2.8 2.3 2.2

5,000 or more employees

41 55 43 1.2 1.4 1.1

LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES

Total private

1,363 1,443 1,423 1.0 1.1 1.1

1 to 9 employees

211 193 251 1.0 0.9 1.1

10 to 49 employees

346 462 494 0.8 1.1 1.1

50 to 249 employees

435 410 400 1.2 1.0 1.0

250 to 999 employees

278 256 184 1.7 1.5 1.1

1,000 to 4,999 employees

81 99 79 1.0 1.3 1.1

5,000 or more employees

12 23 15 0.3 0.6 0.4

OTHER SEPARATIONS

Total private

318 301 380 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 9 employees

98 67 77 0.5 0.3 0.4

10 to 49 employees

79 84 125 0.2 0.2 0.3

50 to 249 employees

76 63 74 0.2 0.2 0.2

250 to 999 employees

33 47 58 0.2 0.3 0.4

1,000 to 4,999 employees

21 29 32 0.3 0.4 0.4

5,000 or more employees

10 10 13 0.3 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only.
NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment.
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.


Last Modified Date: August 29, 2023