Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 3, 2025  USDL-25-1342
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2025

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.2 million in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. Over the month, both hires and total separations were unchanged at 5.3 million. Within 
separations, both quits (3.2 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.8 million) were unchanged.  

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 
total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. Job openings include all positions that 
are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations include all changes to the payroll 
during the entire month. 
       
Job Openings

The number and rate of job openings were little changed at 7.2 million and 4.3 percent, respectively, in 
July. The number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance (-181,000); arts, 
entertainment, and recreation (-62,000); and mining and logging (-13,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires were unchanged at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, respectively. The 
number of hires increased in other services (+86,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In July, the number and rate of total separations were unchanged at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, 
respectively. Total separations were little changed in all industries. (See table 3.)

In July, the number and rate of quits were unchanged at 3.2 million and 2.0 percent, respectively. The 
number of quits increased in professional and business services (+197,000). Quits decreased in 
construction (-80,000) and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-49,000). (See table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges in July were unchanged at 1.8 million and 1.1 percent, 
respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in professional and business services (-130,000) but 
increased in federal government (+5,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations decreased to 272,000 (-63,000) in July. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In July, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees showed 
little or no change in job openings, hires, and separations rates. (See table 7.)

June 2025 Revisions

The number of job openings for June was revised down by 80,000 to 7.4 million, the number of hires 
was revised up by 63,000 to 5.3 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 281,000 
to 5.3 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 67,000 to 3.2 million, and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 192,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result 
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, September 30, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,504	7,357	7,181	5,451	5,267	5,308	5,434	5,341	5,289
Total private	6,585	6,536	6,398	5,075	4,935	4,992	5,105	5,016	4,977
Mining and logging	25	26	13	18	21	18	18	24	22
Construction	229	242	306	339	348	342	312	356	318
Manufacturing	499	396	437	348	293	314	341	315	324
Durable goods	337	243	261	197	172	185	197	185	188
Nondurable goods	162	153	176	151	121	129	143	130	136
Trade, transportation, and utilities	965	1,102	1,083	1,108	1,041	1,025	1,127	1,058	1,025
Wholesale trade	168	145	199	146	132	159	143	130	166
Retail trade	513	629	519	646	587	596	673	607	597
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	284	328	364	316	322	270	311	321	263
Information	115	189	202	77	99	90	90	97	91
Financial activities	434	366	413	230	205	213	231	192	208
Finance and insurance	332	273	311	157	135	147	158	132	147
Real estate and rental and leasing	102	93	102	74	69	66	73	60	61
Professional and business services	1,367	1,365	1,309	927	1,010	1,024	957	1,016	1,061
Private education and health services	1,694	1,570	1,389	882	785	787	844	725	703
Private educational services	175	135	135	81	81	93	93	87	93
Health care and social assistance	1,519	1,435	1,254	800	704	694	751	638	610
Leisure and hospitality	947	1,034	987	916	1,013	973	945	1,056	1,012
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	134	170	108	133	165	155	152	164	173
Accommodation and food services	813	864	878	783	848	818	793	892	839
Other services	310	245	259	229	121	207	240	180	212
Government	919	821	783	376	331	316	329	324	311
Federal	143	117	135	33	23	24	30	30	34
State and local	776	704	648	343	308	292	299	294	277
State and local education	249	259	231	179	152	156	143	145	148
State and local, excluding education	527	445	417	163	156	136	156	150	129
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.5	4.4	4.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3
Total private	4.7	4.6	4.5	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7
Mining and logging	3.9	4.0	2.1	3.0	3.4	3.0	2.9	3.8	3.6
Construction	2.7	2.8	3.5	4.1	4.2	4.1	3.8	4.3	3.8
Manufacturing	3.7	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.5	2.5
Durable goods	4.1	3.0	3.2	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.4
Nondurable goods	3.2	3.1	3.5	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.2	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.5
Wholesale trade	2.7	2.3	3.1	2.4	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.7
Retail trade	3.2	3.9	3.2	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.3	3.9	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	3.8	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.4	3.7	4.3	4.4	3.6
Information	3.8	6.0	6.4	2.6	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1
Financial activities	4.5	3.8	4.3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.2
Finance and insurance	4.7	3.9	4.4	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.0	3.6	3.9	3.0	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.4	2.4
Professional and business services	5.7	5.7	5.5	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.2	4.5	4.7
Private education and health services	6.0	5.4	4.8	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.6
Private educational services	4.2	3.3	3.3	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3
Health care and social assistance	6.3	5.8	5.1	3.5	3.0	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.6	6.2	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.9	5.9	3.8	5.1	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	6.4
Accommodation and food services	5.4	5.7	5.8	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.6	6.2	5.9
Other services	4.9	3.9	4.1	3.8	2.0	3.4	4.0	3.0	3.5
Government	3.8	3.4	3.2	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Federal	4.5	3.8	4.4	1.1	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2
State and local	3.7	3.3	3.0	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3
State and local education	2.3	2.3	2.1	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4
State and local, excluding education	5.2	4.3	4.1	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	7,504	7,395	7,712	7,357	7,181	-176	4.5	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.3	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,585	6,562	6,876	6,536	6,398	-138	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Mining and logging	25	26	21	26	13	-13	3.9	4.1	3.2	4.0	2.1	-1.9
Construction	229	242	232	242	306	64	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.5	0.7
Manufacturing	499	392	425	396	437	41	3.7	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.3	0.3
Durable goods	337	257	296	243	261	18	4.1	3.1	3.6	3.0	3.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	162	135	129	153	176	23	3.2	2.7	2.6	3.1	3.5	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	965	1,036	951	1,102	1,083	-19	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Wholesale trade	168	203	158	145	199	54	2.7	3.2	2.5	2.3	3.1	0.8
Retail trade	513	561	466	629	519	-110	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.9	3.2	-0.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	284	272	327	328	364	36	3.8	3.6	4.3	4.3	4.7	0.4
Information	115	165	177	189	202	13	3.8	5.3	5.7	6.0	6.4	0.4
Financial activities	434	418	490	366	413	47	4.5	4.3	5.0	3.8	4.3	0.5
Finance and insurance	332	283	388	273	311	38	4.7	4.0	5.4	3.9	4.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	102	135	102	93	102	9	4.0	5.1	3.9	3.6	3.9	0.3
Professional and business services	1,367	1,386	1,302	1,365	1,309	-56	5.7	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Private education and health services	1,694	1,716	1,771	1,570	1,389	-181	6.0	5.9	6.1	5.4	4.8	-0.6
Private educational services	175	168	156	135	135	0	4.2	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.3	0.0
Health care and social assistance	1,519	1,547	1,615	1,435	1,254	-181	6.3	6.2	6.5	5.8	5.1	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality	947	914	1,199	1,034	987	-47	5.3	5.1	6.6	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	134	188	137	170	108	-62	4.9	6.5	4.8	5.9	3.8	-2.1
Accommodation and food services	813	727	1,062	864	878	14	5.4	4.8	6.9	5.7	5.8	0.1
Other services	310	267	308	245	259	14	4.9	4.2	4.9	3.9	4.1	0.2
Government	919	833	836	821	783	-38	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Federal	143	128	94	117	135	18	4.5	4.1	3.1	3.8	4.4	0.6
State and local	776	705	742	704	648	-56	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.0	-0.3
State and local education	249	242	284	259	231	-28	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.1	-0.2
State and local, excluding education	527	462	459	445	417	-28	5.2	4.5	4.5	4.3	4.1	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,285	1,417	1,465	1,361	1,260	-101	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.3	-0.3
South	3,013	2,870	3,150	2,890	2,729	-161	4.8	4.6	5.0	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Midwest	1,639	1,585	1,665	1,629	1,602	-27	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.5	-0.1
West	1,566	1,523	1,433	1,477	1,590	113	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.8	4.1	0.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	5,451	5,615	5,465	5,267	5,308	41	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,075	5,259	5,109	4,935	4,992	57	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	0.1
Mining and logging	18	24	19	21	18	-3	3.0	3.9	3.1	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Construction	339	364	358	348	342	-6	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	348	330	279	293	314	21	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.5	0.2
Durable goods	197	194	160	172	185	13	2.5	2.4	2.0	2.2	2.3	0.1
Nondurable goods	151	136	119	121	129	8	3.1	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.7	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,108	979	1,000	1,041	1,025	-16	3.8	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Wholesale trade	146	130	136	132	159	27	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.6	0.5
Retail trade	646	575	575	587	596	9	4.2	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	316	274	289	322	270	-52	4.4	3.7	3.9	4.4	3.7	-0.7
Information	77	89	84	99	90	-9	2.6	3.0	2.9	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Financial activities	230	217	220	205	213	8	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
Finance and insurance	157	144	144	135	147	12	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	74	73	76	69	66	-3	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Professional and business services	927	1,112	1,069	1,010	1,024	14	4.1	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.5	0.0
Private education and health services	882	882	770	785	787	2	3.3	3.2	2.8	2.9	2.9	0.0
Private educational services	81	99	91	81	93	12	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.3	0.3
Health care and social assistance	800	783	679	704	694	-10	3.5	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	916	1,037	1,128	1,013	973	-40	5.5	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	133	183	205	165	155	-10	5.1	6.8	7.6	6.1	5.7	-0.4
Accommodation and food services	783	854	923	848	818	-30	5.5	6.0	6.4	5.9	5.7	-0.2
Other services	229	225	182	121	207	86	3.8	3.7	3.0	2.0	3.4	1.4
Government	376	357	356	331	316	-15	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Federal	33	33	24	23	24	1	1.1	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local	343	324	332	308	292	-16	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	-0.1
State and local education	179	165	155	152	156	4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	163	159	177	156	136	-20	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.4	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	895	855	900	854	790	-64	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.8	-0.2
South	2,099	2,219	2,057	2,071	2,112	41	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
Midwest	1,181	1,250	1,168	1,098	1,149	51	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.4	0.1
West	1,276	1,292	1,340	1,243	1,257	14	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	5,434	5,313	5,213	5,341	5,289	-52	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,105	4,981	4,860	5,016	4,977	-39	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
Mining and logging	18	22	20	24	22	-2	2.9	3.5	3.2	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Construction	312	357	358	356	318	-38	3.8	4.3	4.3	4.3	3.8	-0.5
Manufacturing	341	316	283	315	324	9	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.5	0.0
Durable goods	197	183	160	185	188	3	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.3	2.4	0.1
Nondurable goods	143	134	123	130	136	6	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,127	938	1,005	1,058	1,025	-33	3.9	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Wholesale trade	143	120	130	130	166	36	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.7	0.6
Retail trade	673	555	581	607	597	-10	4.3	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	263	294	321	263	-58	4.3	3.6	4.0	4.4	3.6	-0.8
Information	90	78	82	97	91	-6	3.1	2.7	2.8	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Financial activities	231	239	201	192	208	16	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.2	0.1
Finance and insurance	158	169	132	132	147	15	2.4	2.5	2.0	2.0	2.2	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	71	69	60	61	1	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.4	0.0
Professional and business services	957	1,063	1,000	1,016	1,061	45	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.7	0.2
Private education and health services	844	795	696	725	703	-22	3.2	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Private educational services	93	91	91	87	93	6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	751	704	605	638	610	-28	3.3	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	945	955	1,027	1,056	1,012	-44	5.6	5.6	6.0	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	152	168	176	164	173	9	5.8	6.2	6.5	6.0	6.4	0.4
Accommodation and food services	793	787	851	892	839	-53	5.6	5.5	5.9	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Other services	240	217	189	180	212	32	4.0	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.5	0.5
Government	329	333	353	324	311	-13	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Federal	30	43	49	30	34	4	1.0	1.4	1.7	1.0	1.2	0.2
State and local	299	290	304	294	277	-17	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
State and local education	143	150	145	145	148	3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	156	140	159	150	129	-21	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	854	856	826	839	847	8	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
South	2,160	2,063	2,000	1,933	2,060	127	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4	0.2
Midwest	1,095	1,138	1,149	1,219	1,109	-110	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.3	-0.3
West	1,326	1,256	1,239	1,350	1,272	-78	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	3,390	3,215	3,270	3,209	3,208	-1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,209	3,032	3,083	3,026	3,031	5	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Mining and logging	11	12	12	13	13	0	1.7	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Construction	134	162	174	154	74	-80	1.6	2.0	2.1	1.9	0.9	-1.0
Manufacturing	217	180	148	175	184	9	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.4	0.0
Durable goods	125	105	82	109	111	2	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.4	0.0
Nondurable goods	92	74	66	67	72	5	1.9	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	699	591	652	675	618	-57	2.4	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Wholesale trade	81	78	81	70	94	24	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.5	0.4
Retail trade	434	386	412	419	388	-31	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	184	128	159	186	137	-49	2.5	1.7	2.2	2.5	1.9	-0.6
Information	47	33	37	45	38	-7	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Financial activities	125	127	132	112	131	19	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	84	86	93	82	95	13	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	41	40	30	36	6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.2	1.4	0.2
Professional and business services	536	545	528	404	601	197	2.4	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.7	0.9
Private education and health services	609	542	504	514	488	-26	2.3	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Private educational services	52	52	59	59	59	0	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
Health care and social assistance	557	490	446	455	430	-25	2.5	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	689	688	768	818	763	-55	4.1	4.0	4.5	4.8	4.5	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	81	73	77	66	61	-5	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Accommodation and food services	608	615	691	752	703	-49	4.3	4.3	4.8	5.3	4.9	-0.4
Other services	142	151	128	116	121	5	2.4	2.5	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
Government	180	183	187	183	177	-6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	15	15	19	14	13	-1	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	165	169	168	169	164	-5	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local education	85	90	83	87	90	3	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local, excluding education	81	78	85	82	74	-8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	435	494	473	479	451	-28	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	-0.1
South	1,476	1,207	1,319	1,198	1,321	123	2.5	2.0	2.2	2.0	2.2	0.2
Midwest	654	730	744	770	673	-97	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.0	-0.3
West	825	784	733	763	763	0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	1,745	1,789	1,611	1,796	1,808	12	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,658	1,712	1,521	1,717	1,731	14	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
Mining and logging	6	7	6	10	9	-1	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Construction	171	180	167	183	232	49	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.8	0.6
Manufacturing	101	119	111	112	118	6	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
Durable goods	58	67	62	58	62	4	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.1
Nondurable goods	43	52	49	54	56	2	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	389	296	309	328	350	22	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	48	38	43	54	65	11	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.9	1.1	0.2
Retail trade	228	136	149	162	169	7	1.5	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	113	122	117	112	116	4	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
Information	39	35	35	46	43	-3	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Financial activities	74	92	47	58	57	-1	0.8	1.0	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.0
Finance and insurance	46	64	23	32	35	3	0.7	1.0	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	28	28	25	26	23	-3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Professional and business services	368	465	401	545	415	-130	1.6	2.1	1.8	2.4	1.8	-0.6
Private education and health services	187	215	168	165	190	25	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Private educational services	36	30	27	22	31	9	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.2
Health care and social assistance	152	185	141	143	159	16	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	229	242	220	217	233	16	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	67	91	95	92	110	18	2.6	3.4	3.5	3.4	4.1	0.7
Accommodation and food services	162	152	125	125	123	-2	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
Other services	94	60	56	54	83	29	1.6	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.4	0.5
Government	87	77	90	79	78	-1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	6	5	7	5	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local	81	72	83	74	68	-6	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
State and local education	36	36	41	32	34	2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local, excluding education	45	36	42	42	33	-9	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	366	315	305	290	336	46	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
South	574	738	538	622	673	51	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Midwest	372	346	346	385	377	-8	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
West	433	391	422	499	423	-76	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
Total	300	309	332	335	272	-63	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	238	236	256	273	216	-57	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	2	1	1	1	0	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Construction	7	14	17	19	13	-6	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing	22	18	24	28	22	-6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	15	10	16	19	15	-4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	8	7	7	9	8	-1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	39	51	45	55	56	1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	14	4	5	6	7	1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	10	33	21	26	40	14	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	15	14	18	23	9	-14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Information	5	10	11	6	11	5	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	33	20	21	21	20	-1	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Finance and insurance	27	18	17	17	17	0	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	2	4	4	2	-2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Professional and business services	53	53	71	67	45	-22	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Private education and health services	48	38	24	46	25	-21	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Private educational services	6	9	5	5	3	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	42	29	19	40	22	-18	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	27	24	38	21	15	-6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	4	3	6	3	-3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	23	20	35	15	13	-2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other services	4	6	5	10	8	-2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Government	62	72	76	62	56	-6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Federal	9	23	24	11	11	0	0.3	0.8	0.8	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	53	50	52	51	45	-6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	23	24	21	25	24	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	30	26	32	26	22	-4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	53	48	48	69	61	-8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	110	118	143	113	67	-46	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Midwest	69	62	58	64	59	-5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	67	81	84	89	86	-3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)	July 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	June 2025	July 2025(p)	Change from: June 2025 - July 2025(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	6,585	6,562	6,876	6,536	6,398	-138	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.5	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	1,388	1,314	1,467	1,339	1,236	-103	5.9	5.4	6.3	5.8	5.4	-0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,854	1,830	1,959	1,976	2,050	74	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.8	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,844	1,961	2,016	1,819	1,701	-118	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.1	3.8	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	837	829	775	765	769	4	4.3	4.6	4.2	3.9	4.0	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	434	453	455	459	457	-2	5.1	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.3	0.0
5,000 or more employees	228	175	203	178	185	7	5.0	4.1	4.7	4.2	4.4	0.2
HIRES
Total private	5,075	5,259	5,109	4,935	4,992	57	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	0.1
1 to 9 employees	714	829	731	743	829	86	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.8	0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,725	1,677	1,667	1,614	1,527	-87	4.1	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,587	1,759	1,746	1,648	1,676	28	4.0	4.3	4.2	3.9	3.9	0.0
250 to 999 employees	645	649	621	588	612	24	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.3	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	319	273	271	272	278	6	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	0.1
5,000 or more employees	86	72	74	71	70	-1	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,105	4,981	4,860	5,016	4,977	-39	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
1 to 9 employees	721	844	644	748	736	-12	3.3	3.7	3.0	3.5	3.4	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,839	1,555	1,602	1,680	1,581	-99	4.4	3.7	3.8	4.1	3.9	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,467	1,571	1,677	1,651	1,709	58	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.9	0.0
250 to 999 employees	703	659	596	582	614	32	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.1	3.4	0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	301	292	273	293	271	-22	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.3	-0.3
5,000 or more employees	74	59	68	62	66	4	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
QUITS
Total private	3,209	3,032	3,083	3,026	3,031	5	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	378	447	414	431	385	-46	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.8	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	1,213	970	1,009	1,058	1,013	-45	2.9	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.5	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,010	1,041	1,137	1,052	1,076	24	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.5	2.5	0.0
250 to 999 employees	389	375	337	314	379	65	2.1	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.1	0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	177	167	149	139	141	2	2.2	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.7	0.0
5,000 or more employees	44	32	37	33	37	4	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,658	1,712	1,521	1,717	1,731	14	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
1 to 9 employees	289	366	176	276	327	51	1.3	1.6	0.8	1.3	1.5	0.2
10 to 49 employees	564	509	485	504	473	-31	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	399	463	494	540	587	47	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	0.1
250 to 999 employees	286	253	237	242	206	-36	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.1	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	96	102	106	135	116	-19	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.4	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	23	19	23	21	22	1	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	238	236	256	273	216	-57	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	54	30	55	42	25	-17	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	62	76	109	118	95	-23	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	58	67	45	59	46	-13	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
250 to 999 employees	29	31	22	26	29	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	28	23	18	19	13	-6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
5,000 or more employees	7	9	8	9	8	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	8,188	7,075	7,780	4.9	4.2	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,206	6,221	6,961	5.0	4.3	4.8
Mining and logging	27	26	15	4.1	4.1	2.3
Construction	232	241	310	2.7	2.8	3.5
Manufacturing	528	393	462	3.9	3.0	3.5
Durable goods	354	236	272	4.2	2.9	3.3
Nondurable goods	174	156	190	3.4	3.1	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,125	1,113	1,257	3.8	3.7	4.2
Wholesale trade	177	148	212	2.8	2.3	3.3
Retail trade	648	637	646	4.0	3.9	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	300	328	399	4.0	4.3	5.2
Information	127	165	232	4.1	5.3	7.3
Financial activities	472	344	448	4.9	3.6	4.6
Finance and insurance	359	265	341	5.1	3.8	4.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	112	79	107	4.3	3.0	4.0
Professional and business services	1,453	1,245	1,383	6.0	5.2	5.8
Private education and health services	1,833	1,480	1,488	6.5	5.2	5.2
Private educational services	211	134	159	5.4	3.4	4.1
Health care and social assistance	1,623	1,346	1,329	6.7	5.5	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,056	986	1,081	5.7	5.3	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	140	146	100	4.5	4.6	3.2
Accommodation and food services	916	840	981	5.9	5.4	6.2
Other services	352	228	285	5.5	3.6	4.5
Government	982	854	819	4.2	3.5	3.5
Federal	143	114	138	4.5	3.7	4.5
State and local	839	740	681	4.2	3.5	3.4
State and local education	300	294	265	3.1	2.7	2.8
State and local, excluding education	539	446	416	5.2	4.3	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,401	1,326	1,353	4.8	4.5	4.6
South	3,331	2,835	2,979	5.3	4.5	4.7
Midwest	1,759	1,568	1,715	5.0	4.4	4.9
West	1,697	1,346	1,734	4.4	3.5	4.4
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	6,018	6,026	5,787	3.8	3.8	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,570	5,628	5,420	4.1	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging	20	25	19	3.2	4.0	3.1
Construction	396	404	397	4.7	4.8	4.7
Manufacturing	399	351	362	3.1	2.7	2.8
Durable goods	222	200	209	2.8	2.5	2.6
Nondurable goods	178	151	153	3.6	3.1	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,110	1,098	1,022	3.8	3.8	3.5
Wholesale trade	161	141	176	2.6	2.3	2.8
Retail trade	654	667	611	4.2	4.3	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	295	290	235	4.1	4.0	3.3
Information	86	115	101	2.9	3.9	3.4
Financial activities	283	208	269	3.1	2.2	2.9
Finance and insurance	190	137	188	2.8	2.0	2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	94	71	82	3.8	2.8	3.2
Professional and business services	1,014	1,069	1,098	4.5	4.7	4.8
Private education and health services	1,028	847	910	3.9	3.1	3.4
Private educational services	103	110	115	2.8	2.9	3.1
Health care and social assistance	925	737	795	4.1	3.2	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	981	1,317	1,015	5.6	7.4	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	135	259	136	4.6	8.6	4.5
Accommodation and food services	846	1,059	879	5.8	7.2	6.0
Other services	253	194	226	4.2	3.2	3.7
Government	448	397	368	2.0	1.7	1.6
Federal	34	24	24	1.1	0.8	0.8
State and local	414	374	344	2.2	1.8	1.8
State and local education	225	135	192	2.4	1.3	2.1
State and local, excluding education	189	239	153	1.9	2.4	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,060	1,053	912	3.8	3.7	3.2
South	2,253	2,285	2,239	3.8	3.8	3.7
Midwest	1,273	1,317	1,230	3.8	3.9	3.7
West	1,432	1,371	1,407	3.9	3.6	3.8
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	5,972	5,523	5,786	3.8	3.4	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,575	5,044	5,407	4.1	3.7	4.0
Mining and logging	18	21	22	2.8	3.4	3.5
Construction	352	303	369	4.2	3.6	4.3
Manufacturing	376	314	364	2.9	2.4	2.8
Durable goods	213	188	204	2.7	2.4	2.6
Nondurable goods	163	126	160	3.3	2.6	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,149	1,043	1,032	4.0	3.6	3.6
Wholesale trade	129	142	156	2.1	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	715	612	633	4.6	3.9	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	305	289	242	4.3	4.0	3.4
Information	103	105	105	3.5	3.6	3.5
Financial activities	259	183	236	2.8	2.0	2.5
Finance and insurance	172	127	165	2.6	1.9	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	56	71	3.5	2.2	2.8
Professional and business services	1,000	1,033	1,125	4.4	4.6	5.0
Private education and health services	1,010	826	842	3.9	3.0	3.1
Private educational services	123	147	127	3.3	3.9	3.4
Health care and social assistance	887	679	715	3.9	2.9	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,018	1,036	1,061	5.8	5.9	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	140	118	143	4.7	3.9	4.7
Accommodation and food services	879	919	918	6.0	6.2	6.2
Other services	291	179	252	4.8	2.9	4.1
Government	397	479	380	1.8	2.0	1.7
Federal	31	31	37	1.0	1.0	1.3
State and local	366	448	342	1.9	2.2	1.8
State and local education	200	300	207	2.2	2.9	2.2
State and local, excluding education	165	148	136	1.7	1.5	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	938	873	939	3.4	3.1	3.3
South	2,391	1,996	2,289	4.0	3.3	3.8
Midwest	1,171	1,269	1,166	3.5	3.7	3.5
West	1,472	1,385	1,392	4.0	3.7	3.7
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	3,901	3,461	3,690	2.5	2.2	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,687	3,193	3,478	2.7	2.3	2.5
Mining and logging	12	13	14	1.9	2.1	2.2
Construction	179	154	118	2.1	1.8	1.4
Manufacturing	250	188	216	1.9	1.5	1.7
Durable goods	138	117	126	1.7	1.5	1.6
Nondurable goods	111	70	89	2.3	1.4	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	754	703	654	2.6	2.4	2.3
Wholesale trade	69	81	84	1.1	1.3	1.4
Retail trade	488	437	430	3.1	2.8	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	198	184	140	2.8	2.5	1.9
Information	60	47	49	2.0	1.6	1.7
Financial activities	138	109	149	1.5	1.2	1.6
Finance and insurance	90	77	106	1.3	1.1	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	33	43	1.9	1.3	1.7
Professional and business services	601	438	692	2.6	1.9	3.1
Private education and health services	718	578	571	2.7	2.1	2.1
Private educational services	70	93	81	1.9	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	649	485	491	2.9	2.1	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	800	845	874	4.6	4.8	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	101	69	79	3.4	2.3	2.6
Accommodation and food services	698	776	795	4.8	5.3	5.4
Other services	175	119	141	2.9	1.9	2.3
Government	213	268	212	1.0	1.1	0.9
Federal	16	15	14	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	198	253	198	1.0	1.2	1.0
State and local education	111	167	120	1.2	1.6	1.3
State and local, excluding education	86	85	78	0.9	0.9	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	522	505	514	1.9	1.8	1.8
South	1,680	1,319	1,548	2.8	2.2	2.6
Midwest	745	838	748	2.2	2.5	2.2
West	955	799	879	2.6	2.1	2.4
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	1,721	1,661	1,784	1.1	1.0	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,625	1,562	1,700	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mining and logging	5	7	8	0.7	1.1	1.2
Construction	163	133	238	1.9	1.6	2.8
Manufacturing	100	96	122	0.8	0.8	1.0
Durable goods	58	52	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
Nondurable goods	43	44	62	0.9	0.9	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	351	289	319	1.2	1.0	1.1
Wholesale trade	43	55	63	0.7	0.9	1.0
Retail trade	216	150	164	1.4	1.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	92	84	92	1.3	1.2	1.3
Information	38	53	45	1.3	1.8	1.5
Financial activities	88	52	68	1.0	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	55	32	42	0.8	0.5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	20	26	1.3	0.8	1.0
Professional and business services	340	516	385	1.5	2.3	1.7
Private education and health services	237	196	243	0.9	0.7	0.9
Private educational services	44	43	42	1.2	1.1	1.1
Health care and social assistance	193	152	201	0.9	0.7	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	192	172	172	1.1	1.0	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	34	43	62	1.2	1.4	2.0
Accommodation and food services	158	129	109	1.1	0.9	0.7
Other services	110	48	101	1.8	0.8	1.7
Government	95	98	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	6	4	12	0.2	0.1	0.4
State and local	89	94	73	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local education	48	61	42	0.5	0.6	0.5
State and local, excluding education	41	34	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	358	282	358	1.3	1.0	1.3
South	588	552	672	1.0	0.9	1.1
Midwest	343	353	347	1.0	1.0	1.0
West	431	475	407	1.2	1.3	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
Total	351	401	312	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	263	289	229	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Construction	9	16	13	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	26	30	26	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	17	19	17	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	11	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	43	51	59	0.1	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	17	6	9	0.3	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	11	24	40	0.1	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	21	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Information	4	5	11	0.1	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	33	22	19	0.4	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	27	18	17	0.4	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	4	2	0.3	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	60	79	48	0.3	0.4	0.2
Private education and health services	55	53	27	0.2	0.2	0.1
Private educational services	9	11	4	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	46	42	23	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	26	19	16	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	6	2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Accommodation and food services	23	13	13	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other services	5	12	9	0.1	0.2	0.2
Government	88	112	83	0.4	0.5	0.4
Federal	9	11	12	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	79	101	72	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local education	41	72	44	0.4	0.7	0.5
State and local, excluding education	38	29	28	0.4	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	58	86	66	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	123	126	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Midwest	84	79	70	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	86	110	106	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)	July 2024	June 2025	July 2025(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,206	6,221	6,961	5.0	4.3	4.8
1 to 9 employees	1,660	1,127	1,467	7.0	4.9	6.3
10 to 49 employees	2,026	1,906	2,249	4.6	4.4	5.2
50 to 249 employees	2,019	1,842	1,839	4.8	4.2	4.0
250 to 999 employees	862	760	787	4.4	3.9	4.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	416	420	435	4.9	4.8	5.0
5,000 or more employees	223	166	185	4.8	3.9	4.4
HIRES
Total private	5,570	5,628	5,420	4.1	4.1	4.0
1 to 9 employees	837	765	970	3.8	3.5	4.5
10 to 49 employees	1,912	1,913	1,657	4.5	4.6	4.1
50 to 249 employees	1,698	1,938	1,778	4.3	4.6	4.1
250 to 999 employees	678	668	633	3.6	3.6	3.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	338	266	298	4.2	3.2	3.6
5,000 or more employees	107	79	85	2.4	1.9	2.1
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,575	5,044	5,407	4.1	3.7	4.0
1 to 9 employees	885	722	905	4.0	3.3	4.2
10 to 49 employees	2,040	1,775	1,770	4.8	4.3	4.3
50 to 249 employees	1,549	1,631	1,780	3.9	3.8	4.1
250 to 999 employees	720	570	620	3.8	3.0	3.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	302	278	261	3.7	3.4	3.2
5,000 or more employees	80	69	71	1.8	1.7	1.8
QUITS
Total private	3,687	3,193	3,478	2.7	2.3	2.5
1 to 9 employees	494	464	489	2.2	2.1	2.2
10 to 49 employees	1,426	1,139	1,213	3.4	2.7	3.0
50 to 249 employees	1,112	1,092	1,174	2.8	2.6	2.7
250 to 999 employees	417	326	408	2.2	1.7	2.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	192	137	153	2.4	1.7	1.9
5,000 or more employees	48	37	41	1.1	0.9	1.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,625	1,562	1,700	1.2	1.1	1.2
1 to 9 employees	317	216	380	1.4	1.0	1.7
10 to 49 employees	552	502	458	1.3	1.2	1.1
50 to 249 employees	376	481	559	0.9	1.1	1.3
250 to 999 employees	278	219	186	1.5	1.2	1.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	77	121	94	0.9	1.5	1.1
5,000 or more employees	24	23	22	0.6	0.6	0.6
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	263	289	229	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	74	43	35	0.3	0.2	0.2
10 to 49 employees	62	134	99	0.1	0.3	0.2
50 to 249 employees	61	58	47	0.2	0.1	0.1
250 to 999 employees	25	25	27	0.1	0.1	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	33	20	14	0.4	0.2	0.2
5,000 or more employees	7	9	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.