Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 4, 2024 USDL-24-1814
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2024

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.7 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires changed little at 5.5 million. Total 
separations increased to 5.4 million. Within separations, quits (3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges 
(1.8 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, 
hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. 
        
Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number of job openings was little changed at 7.7 million and was 
down by 1.1 million over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.6 percent, changed little in July. The 
number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance (-187,000); state and local 
government, excluding education (-101,000); and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-88,000). 
Job openings increased in professional and business services (+178,000) and in federal government 
(+28,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.5 million and 3.5 percent, respectively. Hires 
increased in accommodation and food services (+156,000) but decreased in federal government
(-8,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in July increased to 5.4 million (+336,000). The total separations rate 
was little changed at 3.4 percent. Total separations increased in health care and social assistance 
(+108,000). (See table 3.)

In July, the number of quits was essentially unchanged at 3.3 million but was down by 338,000 over the 
year. Over the month, the quits rate changed little at 2.1 percent. Quits increased in information 
(+16,000). (See table 4.)

In July, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.8 million and 1.1 percent, 
respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in accommodation and food services (+75,000) and in 
finance and insurance (+21,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations increased to 381,000 (+71,000) in July. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In July, for establishments with 1 to 9 employees, the quits rate decreased, while the layoffs and 
discharges rate increased. The job openings rate, hires rate, and total separations rate changed little. For 
establishments with 5,000 or more employees, the job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges rates showed little or no change. (See table 7.)

June 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for June was revised down by 274,000 to 7.9 million, the number of hires 
was revised down by 93,000 to 5.2 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 
11,000 to 5.1 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised down by 68,000 to 3.2 
million, and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 62,000 to 1.6 million. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 1, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	8,805	7,910	7,673	5,733	5,248	5,521	5,646	5,084	5,420
Total private	7,820	6,894	6,749	5,372	4,900	5,185	5,284	4,776	5,083
Mining and logging	30	22	21	26	20	18	25	20	19
Construction	351	299	248	379	323	371	364	282	328
Manufacturing	535	474	505	402	336	356	408	348	348
Durable goods	366	311	341	211	190	206	213	205	204
Nondurable goods	170	163	164	191	146	151	195	143	144
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,466	1,185	1,028	1,155	1,144	1,140	1,116	1,125	1,077
Wholesale trade	260	230	175	147	161	151	138	159	144
Retail trade	742	562	548	728	683	674	698	691	647
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	464	392	304	279	300	315	280	276	286
Information	158	112	113	79	79	78	114	74	98
Financial activities	447	448	449	194	225	240	182	209	238
Finance and insurance	308	326	319	114	149	169	112	139	168
Real estate and rental and leasing	138	122	131	80	76	72	70	70	69
Professional and business services	1,334	1,339	1,517	1,055	962	970	1,078	973	963
Private education and health services	1,969	1,791	1,595	876	846	862	800	720	835
Private educational services	166	173	164	83	91	84	91	90	97
Health care and social assistance	1,803	1,618	1,431	793	756	778	709	630	738
Leisure and hospitality	1,207	943	941	1,006	767	927	999	832	944
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	156	127	145	148	141	145	148	127	157
Accommodation and food services	1,051	816	795	858	626	782	851	706	787
Other services	323	280	331	200	197	221	197	193	233
Government	985	1,016	924	361	347	336	362	307	337
Federal	156	109	137	46	39	31	38	33	30
State and local	829	908	787	316	308	305	323	274	307
State and local education	248	271	250	146	152	168	160	144	152
State and local, excluding education	581	637	536	169	156	137	163	130	154
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.3	4.8	4.6	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.4
Total private	5.5	4.8	4.7	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.5	3.8
Mining and logging	4.4	3.3	3.3	4.1	3.1	2.8	3.8	3.1	3.0
Construction	4.2	3.5	2.9	4.7	3.9	4.5	4.5	3.4	4.0
Manufacturing	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.1	2.6	2.8	3.2	2.7	2.7
Durable goods	4.3	3.7	4.0	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.3	3.3	4.0	3.0	3.1	4.0	3.0	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.8	3.9	3.4	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.7
Wholesale trade	4.1	3.6	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3
Retail trade	4.5	3.5	3.4	4.7	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.1	5.2	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.0
Information	5.0	3.6	3.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	3.8	2.5	3.3
Financial activities	4.6	4.6	4.6	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.0	2.3	2.6
Finance and insurance	4.4	4.6	4.5	1.7	2.2	2.5	1.7	2.1	2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	5.3	4.7	5.0	3.2	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8
Professional and business services	5.5	5.5	6.2	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.7	4.2	4.2
Private education and health services	7.2	6.4	5.7	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.2	2.7	3.2
Private educational services	4.2	4.3	4.1	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.5
Health care and social assistance	7.7	6.7	6.0	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.3	2.8	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	6.8	5.3	5.3	6.0	4.5	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	5.3	5.5	5.8	4.8	5.9
Accommodation and food services	6.9	5.4	5.3	6.1	4.4	5.5	6.0	5.0	5.5
Other services	5.2	4.5	5.3	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.9
Government	4.1	4.2	3.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.4
Federal	5.0	3.5	4.4	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0
State and local	4.0	4.3	3.7	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.5
State and local education	2.3	2.5	2.3	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4
State and local, excluding education	5.9	6.2	5.3	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.3	1.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	8,805	7,919	8,230	7,910	7,673	-237	5.3	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.6	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,820	7,013	7,192	6,894	6,749	-145	5.5	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Mining and logging	30	24	26	22	21	-1	4.4	3.7	4.0	3.3	3.3	0.0
Construction	351	337	366	299	248	-51	4.2	3.9	4.3	3.5	2.9	-0.6
Manufacturing	535	488	586	474	505	31	4.0	3.6	4.3	3.5	3.8	0.3
Durable goods	366	331	411	311	341	30	4.3	3.9	4.8	3.7	4.0	0.3
Nondurable goods	170	157	175	163	164	1	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.3	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,466	1,016	1,047	1,185	1,028	-157	4.8	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Wholesale trade	260	189	198	230	175	-55	4.1	3.0	3.1	3.6	2.8	-0.8
Retail trade	742	494	506	562	548	-14	4.5	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	464	334	344	392	304	-88	6.1	4.5	4.6	5.2	4.0	-1.2
Information	158	110	137	112	113	1	5.0	3.5	4.3	3.6	3.6	0.0
Financial activities	447	464	467	448	449	1	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.6	0.0
Finance and insurance	308	320	347	326	319	-7	4.4	4.5	4.9	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	138	144	121	122	131	9	5.3	5.5	4.6	4.7	5.0	0.3
Professional and business services	1,334	1,441	1,512	1,339	1,517	178	5.5	5.9	6.2	5.5	6.2	0.7
Private education and health services	1,969	1,770	1,873	1,791	1,595	-196	7.2	6.3	6.7	6.4	5.7	-0.7
Private educational services	166	218	188	173	164	-9	4.2	5.3	4.7	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	1,803	1,552	1,685	1,618	1,431	-187	7.7	6.5	7.0	6.7	6.0	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,207	1,068	900	943	941	-2	6.8	5.9	5.1	5.3	5.3	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	156	151	153	127	145	18	5.8	5.4	5.5	4.6	5.2	0.6
Accommodation and food services	1,051	918	746	816	795	-21	6.9	6.0	5.0	5.4	5.3	-0.1
Other services	323	293	278	280	331	51	5.2	4.7	4.5	4.5	5.3	0.8
Government	985	906	1,038	1,016	924	-92	4.1	3.7	4.3	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Federal	156	139	168	109	137	28	5.0	4.4	5.3	3.5	4.4	0.9
State and local	829	767	870	908	787	-121	4.0	3.6	4.1	4.3	3.7	-0.6
State and local education	248	269	266	271	250	-21	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.3	-0.2
State and local, excluding education	581	498	604	637	536	-101	5.9	5.0	5.9	6.2	5.3	-0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,445	1,383	1,474	1,460	1,277	-183	4.9	4.7	5.0	4.9	4.3	-0.6
South	3,588	3,354	3,309	3,108	3,201	93	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.0	5.1	0.1
Midwest	1,821	1,604	1,738	1,685	1,617	-68	5.2	4.5	4.9	4.8	4.6	-0.2
West	1,950	1,577	1,709	1,657	1,578	-79	5.1	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	5,733	5,615	5,655	5,248	5,521	273	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,372	5,245	5,291	4,900	5,185	285	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.8	0.2
Mining and logging	26	15	19	20	18	-2	4.1	2.3	3.1	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Construction	379	341	369	323	371	48	4.7	4.2	4.5	3.9	4.5	0.6
Manufacturing	402	383	354	336	356	20	3.1	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.8	0.2
Durable goods	211	232	213	190	206	16	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.5	0.2
Nondurable goods	191	152	141	146	151	5	4.0	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,155	1,135	1,089	1,144	1,140	-4	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	0.0
Wholesale trade	147	156	162	161	151	-10	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Retail trade	728	693	648	683	674	-9	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	279	286	279	300	315	15	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.4	0.2
Information	79	80	91	79	78	-1	2.6	2.7	3.0	2.6	2.6	0.0
Financial activities	194	197	226	225	240	15	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.6	0.2
Finance and insurance	114	123	140	149	169	20	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.2	2.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	80	73	86	76	72	-4	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Professional and business services	1,055	1,001	1,089	962	970	8	4.6	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.2	0.0
Private education and health services	876	897	879	846	862	16	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.3	0.1
Private educational services	83	94	92	91	84	-7	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	793	804	787	756	778	22	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,006	996	960	767	927	160	6.0	5.9	5.7	4.5	5.5	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	148	153	171	141	145	4	5.8	5.8	6.4	5.3	5.5	0.2
Accommodation and food services	858	843	789	626	782	156	6.1	5.9	5.5	4.4	5.5	1.1
Other services	200	200	215	197	221	24	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.7	0.4
Government	361	370	365	347	336	-11	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Federal	46	37	35	39	31	-8	1.6	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.0	-0.3
State and local	316	333	330	308	305	-3	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	0.0
State and local education	146	181	165	152	168	16	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.6	0.2
State and local, excluding education	169	152	165	156	137	-19	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.4	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	830	778	828	865	900	35	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.2	0.1
South	2,449	2,364	2,315	2,096	2,100	4	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.5	3.5	0.0
Midwest	1,170	1,220	1,258	1,133	1,229	96	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.6	0.2
West	1,284	1,253	1,254	1,154	1,291	137	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.5	0.4
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	5,646	5,337	5,397	5,084	5,420	336	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.4	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,284	4,985	5,050	4,776	5,083	307	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.8	0.3
Mining and logging	25	20	21	20	19	-1	3.8	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Construction	364	355	354	282	328	46	4.5	4.3	4.3	3.4	4.0	0.6
Manufacturing	408	383	352	348	348	0	3.2	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.7	0.0
Durable goods	213	230	211	205	204	-1	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	0.0
Nondurable goods	195	154	142	143	144	1	4.0	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,116	1,039	1,075	1,125	1,077	-48	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Wholesale trade	138	146	155	159	144	-15	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Retail trade	698	632	651	691	647	-44	4.5	4.0	4.2	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	280	262	269	276	286	10	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.8	4.0	0.2
Information	114	72	85	74	98	24	3.8	2.4	2.8	2.5	3.3	0.8
Financial activities	182	198	214	209	238	29	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.6	0.3
Finance and insurance	112	122	130	139	168	29	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.1	2.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	76	84	70	69	-1	2.8	3.1	3.4	2.8	2.8	0.0
Professional and business services	1,078	920	1,002	973	963	-10	4.7	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.2	0.0
Private education and health services	800	816	813	720	835	115	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.7	3.2	0.5
Private educational services	91	88	97	90	97	7	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5	0.2
Health care and social assistance	709	728	716	630	738	108	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.8	3.3	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	999	985	927	832	944	112	6.0	5.8	5.5	4.9	5.6	0.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	148	158	156	127	157	30	5.8	6.0	5.9	4.8	5.9	1.1
Accommodation and food services	851	827	771	706	787	81	6.0	5.8	5.4	5.0	5.5	0.5
Other services	197	195	207	193	233	40	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.9	0.6
Government	362	353	347	307	337	30	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4	0.1
Federal	38	35	32	33	30	-3	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
State and local	323	318	315	274	307	33	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.5	0.2
State and local education	160	169	180	144	152	8	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.3	1.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	163	149	135	130	154	24	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	821	835	847	813	863	50	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.1	0.2
South	2,347	2,089	2,077	2,036	2,185	149	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.7	0.3
Midwest	1,219	1,167	1,123	1,036	1,109	73	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.3	0.2
West	1,259	1,246	1,350	1,198	1,262	64	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	0.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	3,615	3,452	3,403	3,214	3,277	63	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,412	3,239	3,192	3,048	3,090	42	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	0.0
Mining and logging	16	13	14	11	12	1	2.4	2.1	2.2	1.8	1.8	0.0
Construction	169	191	188	119	135	16	2.1	2.3	2.3	1.4	1.6	0.2
Manufacturing	254	223	214	202	227	25	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	0.1
Durable goods	127	132	129	124	132	8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
Nondurable goods	127	90	86	79	95	16	2.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.0	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	768	697	724	709	676	-33	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Wholesale trade	85	90	99	94	87	-7	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Retail trade	519	463	478	459	425	-34	3.3	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	164	145	147	156	163	7	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.3	0.1
Information	58	39	48	36	52	16	1.9	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.7	0.5
Financial activities	120	99	117	142	127	-15	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Finance and insurance	74	60	72	98	89	-9	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	46	39	46	44	38	-6	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.5	-0.3
Professional and business services	598	509	510	549	492	-57	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.1	-0.3
Private education and health services	558	597	594	531	585	54	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.2	0.2
Private educational services	55	54	59	54	62	8	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.6	0.2
Health care and social assistance	503	543	536	477	523	46	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	752	726	654	619	654	35	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.7	3.9	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	90	86	74	69	81	12	3.5	3.3	2.8	2.6	3.1	0.5
Accommodation and food services	662	640	580	551	573	22	4.7	4.5	4.1	3.9	4.0	0.1
Other services	119	144	128	129	132	3	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Government	203	214	211	166	186	20	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.1
Federal	18	16	15	15	15	0	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	185	197	195	151	171	20	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.1
State and local education	106	110	122	79	86	7	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.8	0.1
State and local, excluding education	79	87	74	71	85	14	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	488	495	501	483	464	-19	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.6	-0.1
South	1,593	1,443	1,384	1,360	1,439	79	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	0.1
Midwest	746	781	720	675	637	-38	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1
West	788	734	797	697	737	40	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	1,698	1,542	1,678	1,560	1,762	202	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,594	1,461	1,595	1,479	1,675	196	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.1
Mining and logging	7	5	6	7	6	-1	1.1	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Construction	177	152	150	145	184	39	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.8	2.2	0.4
Manufacturing	133	136	119	124	98	-26	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Durable goods	73	84	68	70	56	-14	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.7	-0.2
Nondurable goods	60	52	50	54	41	-13	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	287	277	296	357	334	-23	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Wholesale trade	42	47	50	49	52	3	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Retail trade	150	128	136	201	175	-26	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	95	102	110	107	107	0	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
Information	45	28	34	34	40	6	1.5	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.2
Financial activities	49	70	83	50	73	23	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.3
Finance and insurance	30	41	49	27	48	21	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	29	34	23	25	2	0.8	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.0	0.1
Professional and business services	417	354	419	394	416	22	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.8	0.1
Private education and health services	190	178	174	150	171	21	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.0
Private educational services	29	31	32	31	27	-4	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	160	147	143	119	145	26	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	226	230	251	171	265	94	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.0	1.6	0.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	53	68	76	54	74	20	2.1	2.6	2.9	2.1	2.8	0.7
Accommodation and food services	173	162	175	116	191	75	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.3	0.5
Other services	62	30	61	46	89	43	1.1	0.5	1.0	0.8	1.5	0.7
Government	104	81	84	81	86	5	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
Federal	8	7	7	6	6	0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	96	74	77	75	80	5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	29	38	40	43	40	-3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	67	36	37	32	40	8	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	296	281	289	273	341	68	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
South	630	517	575	560	618	58	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Midwest	374	314	327	315	383	68	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.2
West	398	429	488	412	420	8	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
Total	333	343	316	310	381	71	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	278	284	263	249	317	68	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	2	2	2	2	0	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Construction	18	11	15	18	9	-9	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing	22	25	20	21	23	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	13	14	13	12	15	3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	9	11	6	9	8	-1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	62	65	55	59	67	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	12	9	6	15	5	-10	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Retail trade	29	42	37	31	48	17	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	21	15	12	13	15	2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Information	10	5	3	4	6	2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Financial activities	13	29	14	17	37	20	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	8	21	9	14	31	17	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	8	5	3	6	3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	63	57	72	30	56	26	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Private education and health services	52	41	44	38	78	40	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Private educational services	7	3	7	5	8	3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	46	38	37	33	70	37	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	29	22	43	26	-17	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	4	6	4	3	-1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	16	25	16	39	23	-16	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Other services	15	21	18	17	13	-4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Government	55	58	53	61	64	3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	13	12	11	12	9	-3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
State and local	42	47	42	48	55	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local education	24	21	19	22	26	4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	18	26	24	27	29	2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	36	59	57	57	59	2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	124	129	119	117	128	11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	99	72	77	47	90	43	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
West	74	83	65	89	105	16	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)	July 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024(p)	Change from: June 2024 - July 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,820	7,013	7,192	6,894	6,749	-145	5.5	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.7	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	1,537	1,562	1,581	1,497	1,452	-45	6.6	6.5	6.5	6.2	6.1	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	2,266	2,082	2,174	2,051	1,957	-94	5.2	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.4	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	2,181	1,822	1,828	1,784	1,770	-14	5.2	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.4	0.0
250 to 999 employees	1,000	840	846	846	870	24	5.2	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.4	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	550	465	494	473	458	-15	6.6	5.7	6.0	5.6	5.3	-0.3
5,000 or more employees	286	243	270	243	242	-1	6.4	5.0	5.4	5.0	4.9	-0.1
HIRES
Total private	5,372	5,245	5,291	4,900	5,185	285	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.8	0.2
1 to 9 employees	789	768	772	792	773	-19	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5	0.0
10 to 49 employees	1,621	1,762	1,869	1,650	1,804	154	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.8	4.2	0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,800	1,594	1,564	1,451	1,513	62	4.5	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.9	0.1
250 to 999 employees	783	702	671	618	666	48	4.3	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.6	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	291	323	318	294	333	39	3.8	4.2	4.1	3.7	4.1	0.4
5,000 or more employees	88	97	97	95	96	1	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,284	4,985	5,050	4,776	5,083	307	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.8	0.3
1 to 9 employees	773	684	832	742	698	-44	3.6	3.1	3.7	3.3	3.1	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	1,737	1,665	1,560	1,600	1,889	289	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.7	4.4	0.7
50 to 249 employees	1,663	1,588	1,573	1,455	1,418	-37	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.7	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	752	691	710	629	701	72	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.7	0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	291	273	288	278	297	19	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
5,000 or more employees	69	83	88	73	80	7	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.7	0.1
QUITS
Total private	3,412	3,239	3,192	3,048	3,090	42	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	0.0
1 to 9 employees	413	426	457	465	255	-210	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.1	-1.0
10 to 49 employees	1,185	1,163	1,123	1,139	1,240	101	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.9	0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,149	1,038	1,004	902	975	73	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.5	0.2
250 to 999 employees	467	405	394	347	408	61	2.6	2.3	2.3	1.9	2.2	0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	158	158	168	152	163	11	2.0	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.0	0.1
5,000 or more employees	41	49	47	43	48	5	1.0	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,594	1,461	1,595	1,479	1,675	196	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.1
1 to 9 employees	305	217	299	231	382	151	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.7	0.7
10 to 49 employees	462	383	372	377	526	149	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.3
50 to 249 employees	448	482	499	488	379	-109	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.0	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	254	257	290	253	264	11	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.4	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	108	100	104	109	101	-8	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.2	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	18	24	31	21	23	2	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	278	284	263	249	317	68	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	56	42	77	46	62	16	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
10 to 49 employees	90	118	66	83	123	40	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
50 to 249 employees	66	68	70	65	63	-2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	31	29	25	29	29	0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	25	16	16	17	32	15	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2
5,000 or more employees	10	10	10	10	8	-2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	9,615	7,621	8,341	5.8	4.6	5.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,541	6,556	7,340	6.0	4.6	5.1
Mining and logging	32	20	22	4.7	3.0	3.3
Construction	365	303	229	4.2	3.5	2.6
Manufacturing	563	471	521	4.1	3.5	3.8
Durable goods	380	309	348	4.5	3.6	4.1
Nondurable goods	182	162	173	3.6	3.2	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,656	1,203	1,185	5.4	4.0	3.9
Wholesale trade	272	238	180	4.2	3.7	2.8
Retail trade	895	585	692	5.4	3.6	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	489	381	312	6.5	5.1	4.2
Information	168	101	117	5.2	3.2	3.7
Financial activities	509	420	506	5.2	4.3	5.1
Finance and insurance	346	306	353	4.9	4.3	4.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	163	113	153	6.1	4.3	5.7
Professional and business services	1,394	1,208	1,596	5.7	5.0	6.5
Private education and health services	2,161	1,667	1,730	7.9	6.0	6.2
Private educational services	199	173	195	5.3	4.5	5.2
Health care and social assistance	1,963	1,493	1,534	8.3	6.2	6.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,354	900	1,059	7.2	4.9	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	158	94	140	5.2	3.1	4.5
Accommodation and food services	1,196	806	920	7.6	5.2	5.9
Other services	339	263	376	5.4	4.2	5.9
Government	1,074	1,065	1,001	4.7	4.4	4.3
Federal	161	105	140	5.2	3.4	4.4
State and local	912	960	861	4.7	4.5	4.3
State and local education	319	315	312	3.4	3.0	3.3
State and local, excluding education	594	646	549	5.8	6.2	5.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,607	1,419	1,419	5.5	4.8	4.8
South	3,846	2,991	3,434	6.2	4.8	5.5
Midwest	2,012	1,627	1,735	5.7	4.6	4.9
West	2,150	1,584	1,752	5.5	4.1	4.5
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	6,306	6,047	6,053	4.0	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,871	5,615	5,642	4.4	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging	29	23	20	4.4	3.6	3.1
Construction	426	377	423	5.2	4.5	5.0
Manufacturing	447	413	402	3.4	3.2	3.1
Durable goods	232	219	227	2.8	2.7	2.8
Nondurable goods	215	194	175	4.4	4.0	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,150	1,244	1,154	4.0	4.3	4.0
Wholesale trade	162	185	161	2.6	3.0	2.6
Retail trade	737	787	698	4.7	5.0	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	252	272	296	3.6	3.8	4.2
Information	87	87	83	2.8	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	223	232	286	2.4	2.5	3.1
Finance and insurance	125	155	201	1.8	2.3	3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	98	77	85	3.9	3.1	3.4
Professional and business services	1,164	1,048	1,053	5.1	4.5	4.6
Private education and health services	1,032	885	1,000	4.1	3.4	3.8
Private educational services	116	118	108	3.3	3.2	3.0
Health care and social assistance	917	768	893	4.3	3.4	4.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,086	1,044	968	6.2	5.9	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	155	224	140	5.4	7.6	4.7
Accommodation and food services	931	820	828	6.4	5.6	5.6
Other services	226	262	253	3.8	4.4	4.2
Government	435	432	411	2.0	1.9	1.9
Federal	50	39	33	1.7	1.3	1.1
State and local	385	393	378	2.1	2.0	2.0
State and local education	189	140	223	2.1	1.4	2.4
State and local, excluding education	196	253	155	2.1	2.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	972	1,062	1,061	3.5	3.8	3.8
South	2,658	2,319	2,231	4.5	3.9	3.8
Midwest	1,250	1,373	1,308	3.8	4.1	3.9
West	1,426	1,292	1,453	3.9	3.5	3.9
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	6,156	5,314	5,947	3.9	3.3	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,740	4,854	5,550	4.3	3.6	4.1
Mining and logging	25	18	19	3.9	2.9	3.0
Construction	401	257	364	4.9	3.1	4.3
Manufacturing	445	357	384	3.4	2.7	2.9
Durable goods	224	209	219	2.8	2.6	2.7
Nondurable goods	221	148	164	4.5	3.1	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,139	1,079	1,095	4.0	3.7	3.8
Wholesale trade	131	171	127	2.1	2.8	2.0
Retail trade	735	657	688	4.7	4.2	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	273	251	279	3.9	3.5	3.9
Information	118	76	111	3.9	2.5	3.7
Financial activities	194	206	267	2.1	2.2	2.9
Finance and insurance	111	140	185	1.6	2.1	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	66	82	3.3	2.6	3.2
Professional and business services	1,167	999	1,041	5.1	4.3	4.5
Private education and health services	940	817	973	3.7	3.1	3.7
Private educational services	117	151	128	3.3	4.1	3.6
Health care and social assistance	823	666	844	3.8	3.0	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,070	837	999	6.1	4.8	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	140	106	141	4.9	3.6	4.7
Accommodation and food services	930	731	858	6.4	5.0	5.8
Other services	241	206	298	4.1	3.4	5.0
Government	416	460	397	1.9	2.0	1.8
Federal	39	35	30	1.3	1.2	1.0
State and local	377	425	367	2.0	2.1	1.9
State and local education	215	299	200	2.4	2.9	2.2
State and local, excluding education	162	126	167	1.7	1.3	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	896	871	940	3.2	3.1	3.3
South	2,578	2,144	2,418	4.4	3.6	4.1
Midwest	1,309	1,084	1,208	4.0	3.2	3.6
West	1,373	1,214	1,382	3.7	3.2	3.7
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	4,126	3,427	3,737	2.6	2.2	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,883	3,180	3,521	2.9	2.3	2.6
Mining and logging	17	11	12	2.6	1.8	1.9
Construction	219	131	180	2.7	1.6	2.1
Manufacturing	285	220	260	2.2	1.7	2.0
Durable goods	135	132	146	1.7	1.6	1.8
Nondurable goods	149	88	114	3.1	1.8	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	827	697	722	2.9	2.4	2.5
Wholesale trade	80	105	75	1.3	1.7	1.2
Retail trade	568	441	467	3.6	2.8	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	179	151	180	2.6	2.1	2.5
Information	65	36	62	2.1	1.2	2.1
Financial activities	127	143	139	1.4	1.5	1.5
Finance and insurance	74	94	95	1.1	1.4	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	53	49	44	2.1	1.9	1.7
Professional and business services	694	589	566	3.0	2.6	2.5
Private education and health services	649	581	678	2.6	2.2	2.6
Private educational services	75	80	87	2.1	2.2	2.4
Health care and social assistance	575	502	591	2.7	2.2	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	848	631	736	4.9	3.6	4.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	105	74	99	3.7	2.5	3.3
Accommodation and food services	743	557	637	5.1	3.8	4.3
Other services	151	139	166	2.6	2.3	2.8
Government	243	247	216	1.1	1.1	1.0
Federal	18	17	16	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local	224	231	200	1.2	1.1	1.0
State and local education	141	157	108	1.5	1.5	1.2
State and local, excluding education	84	74	92	0.9	0.8	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	575	502	534	2.1	1.8	1.9
South	1,790	1,468	1,616	3.1	2.5	2.7
Midwest	864	739	748	2.6	2.2	2.2
West	896	719	839	2.4	1.9	2.3
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	1,656	1,538	1,776	1.1	1.0	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,552	1,424	1,682	1.2	1.0	1.2
Mining and logging	6	5	5	1.0	0.8	0.8
Construction	160	109	174	1.9	1.3	2.1
Manufacturing	136	117	97	1.0	0.9	0.7
Durable goods	74	68	55	0.9	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	62	49	41	1.3	1.0	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	246	329	304	0.9	1.1	1.0
Wholesale trade	36	52	48	0.6	0.8	0.8
Retail trade	137	189	172	0.9	1.2	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	72	88	84	1.0	1.2	1.2
Information	43	37	43	1.4	1.2	1.4
Financial activities	56	45	89	0.6	0.5	1.0
Finance and insurance	32	30	59	0.5	0.4	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	15	30	1.0	0.6	1.2
Professional and business services	394	378	404	1.7	1.6	1.7
Private education and health services	233	189	209	0.9	0.7	0.8
Private educational services	33	62	29	0.9	1.7	0.8
Health care and social assistance	200	127	180	0.9	0.6	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	202	165	238	1.2	0.9	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	30	28	40	1.1	1.0	1.3
Accommodation and food services	172	137	198	1.2	0.9	1.3
Other services	75	50	120	1.3	0.8	2.0
Government	104	114	94	0.5	0.5	0.4
Federal	7	5	6	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	97	110	88	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local education	40	86	50	0.4	0.8	0.5
State and local, excluding education	57	23	38	0.6	0.2	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	277	301	346	1.0	1.1	1.2
South	653	546	666	1.1	0.9	1.1
Midwest	338	292	352	1.0	0.9	1.0
West	388	399	411	1.1	1.1	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
Total	374	348	434	0.2	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	305	250	347	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	2	2	2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Construction	21	17	10	0.3	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	25	20	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	10	18	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	10	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	65	52	69	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	14	14	4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	30	27	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	21	11	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	10	4	6	0.3	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	11	18	39	0.1	0.2	0.4
Finance and insurance	5	15	31	0.1	0.2	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	3	7	0.2	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	78	32	71	0.3	0.1	0.3
Private education and health services	58	47	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Private educational services	9	9	12	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health care and social assistance	48	37	73	0.2	0.2	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	19	41	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	4	3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	15	37	23	0.1	0.3	0.2
Other services	15	17	12	0.3	0.3	0.2
Government	69	98	87	0.3	0.4	0.4
Federal	14	14	8	0.5	0.5	0.3
State and local	55	85	79	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local education	34	56	42	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	21	29	37	0.2	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	44	68	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	134	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	107	54	108	0.3	0.2	0.3
West	89	96	132	0.2	0.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)	July 2023	June 2024	July 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,541	6,556	7,340	6.0	4.6	5.1
1 to 9 employees	1,834	1,251	1,708	7.8	5.2	7.1
10 to 49 employees	2,493	2,024	2,149	5.6	4.4	4.8
50 to 249 employees	2,352	1,799	1,910	5.5	4.4	4.7
250 to 999 employees	1,010	830	886	5.3	4.3	4.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	540	427	438	6.5	5.1	5.1
5,000 or more employees	314	224	249	6.9	4.6	5.0
HIRES
Total private	5,871	5,615	5,642	4.4	4.1	4.1
1 to 9 employees	951	825	895	4.4	3.6	4.0
10 to 49 employees	1,776	1,952	1,975	4.2	4.5	4.6
50 to 249 employees	1,913	1,724	1,605	4.7	4.4	4.1
250 to 999 employees	821	721	701	4.5	3.9	3.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	296	287	346	3.8	3.6	4.2
5,000 or more employees	113	106	120	2.7	2.3	2.5
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,740	4,854	5,550	4.3	3.6	4.1
1 to 9 employees	940	719	885	4.3	3.2	3.9
10 to 49 employees	1,916	1,644	2,080	4.6	3.8	4.8
50 to 249 employees	1,751	1,489	1,481	4.3	3.8	3.8
250 to 999 employees	770	647	718	4.2	3.5	3.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	288	267	298	3.7	3.4	3.6
5,000 or more employees	75	86	88	1.8	1.8	1.9
QUITS
Total private	3,883	3,180	3,521	2.9	2.3	2.6
1 to 9 employees	538	483	366	2.5	2.1	1.6
10 to 49 employees	1,369	1,165	1,425	3.3	2.7	3.3
50 to 249 employees	1,252	953	1,059	3.1	2.5	2.7
250 to 999 employees	508	376	444	2.8	2.0	2.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	169	153	173	2.2	1.9	2.1
5,000 or more employees	46	49	54	1.1	1.1	1.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,552	1,424	1,682	1.2	1.0	1.2
1 to 9 employees	330	195	439	1.5	0.9	2.0
10 to 49 employees	452	393	525	1.1	0.9	1.2
50 to 249 employees	428	471	358	1.1	1.2	0.9
250 to 999 employees	234	241	248	1.3	1.3	1.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	91	97	86	1.2	1.2	1.0
5,000 or more employees	17	27	26	0.4	0.6	0.5
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	305	250	347	0.2	0.2	0.3
1 to 9 employees	72	41	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
10 to 49 employees	95	86	129	0.2	0.2	0.3
50 to 249 employees	71	65	64	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	28	30	26	0.2	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	28	17	39	0.4	0.2	0.5
5,000 or more employees	11	10	9	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.