For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 7, 2016	USDL-16-1807

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2016

The number of job openings increased to 5.9 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were little changed at 5.2 million and 4.9 million, 
respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was 2.1 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was 
1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and 
separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, there were 5.9 million job openings, an increase of 228,000 from June. 
The job openings rate was 3.9 percent in July. The number of job openings increased over the month for 
total private (+243,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings increased in professional 
and business services (+166,000) and durable goods manufacturing (+27,000) but decreased in health 
care and social assistance (-63,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was 5.2 million in July, little changed from June. The hires rate was 3.6 percent in 
July. The number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires increased in 
professional and business services (+137,000) but decreased in other services (-77,000). The number of 
hires increased in the South region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in July, little changed from June. The total separations rate in 
July was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was essentially unchanged for total private and 
edged down for government (-25,000) over the month. Total separations decreased in state and local 
government education (-29,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 3.)

The number of quits was essentially unchanged in July at 3.0 million. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. 
Over the month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and decreased for government  
(-21,000). Quits decreased in state and local government education (-25,000). The number of quits was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in July, little changed from June. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was essentially unchanged over 
the month for total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level was also essentially 
unchanged in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government in 
July. Other separations decreased in other services (-12,000), educational services (-6,000), and state and 
local government education (-5,000). The number of other separations was little changed over the month 
in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 62.5 million and 
separations totaled 60.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2016 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, October 12, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,788	5,643	5,871	5,084	5,172	5,227	4,794	4,964	4,937
Total private	5,243	5,115	5,358	4,710	4,814	4,861	4,458	4,612	4,611
Mining and logging(1)	23	12	13	27	23	21	32	28	24
Construction(1)	151	187	214	301	281	334	274	293	297
Manufacturing	366	361	379	264	281	274	253	264	258
Durable goods(1)	218	200	227	159	161	167	161	160	158
Nondurable goods(1)	148	160	152	106	119	106	91	103	100
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,037	986	1,030	1,109	1,038	1,034	1,071	1,047	1,022
Wholesale trade(1)	210	182	165	141	144	137	158	138	148
Retail trade	604	588	627	773	719	723	739	711	708
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	223	217	239	196	175	174	174	198	167
Information(1)	116	94	79	79	76	77	81	68	77
Financial activities	366	314	321	187	197	178	174	177	168
Finance and insurance	248	232	245	125	130	117	112	118	108
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	117	82	76	62	67	62	61	58	60
Professional and business services	1,125	1,104	1,270	1,003	1,003	1,140	940	943	1,030
Education and health services	1,133	1,127	1,078	603	654	622	541	618	586
Educational services(1)	123	102	115	84	96	83	76	102	92
Health care and social assistance	1,010	1,025	962	519	558	539	465	517	494
Leisure and hospitality	743	741	763	925	1,024	1,021	873	950	958
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	91	106	120	180	162	105	155	141
Accommodation and food services	678	651	656	805	844	858	767	795	817
Other services(1)	183	188	211	211	238	161	220	224	192
Government	546	527	513	374	358	367	336	352	327
Federal(1)	69	86	88	45	38	39	42	34	33
State and local	477	441	426	329	320	327	294	317	294
State and local education	169	139	147	173	163	164	135	164	135
State and local, excluding education(1)	308	302	279	156	156	163	159	153	159
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4
Total private	4.2	4.0	4.2	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.8
Mining and logging(1)	2.8	1.8	1.9	3.4	3.4	3.1	4.0	4.0	3.5
Construction(1)	2.3	2.7	3.1	4.7	4.2	5.0	4.3	4.4	4.5
Manufacturing	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.1
Durable goods(1)	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods(1)	3.1	3.4	3.2	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.7	3.5	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.7
Wholesale trade(1)	3.5	3.0	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.7	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	3.7	3.6	3.8	4.9	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	3.9	3.8	4.2	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.6	3.1
Information(1)	4.0	3.3	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.8
Financial activities	4.3	3.7	3.7	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0
Finance and insurance	3.9	3.6	3.8	2.1	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	5.3	3.7	3.4	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.8
Professional and business services	5.4	5.2	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.6	4.8	4.7	5.1
Education and health services	4.9	4.7	4.5	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.6
Educational services(1)	3.4	2.8	3.2	2.4	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.9	2.6
Health care and social assistance	5.1	5.1	4.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	4.7	4.6	4.7	6.1	6.6	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2.9	3.9	4.5	5.5	8.0	7.2	4.9	6.9	6.2
Accommodation and food services	5.0	4.7	4.7	6.2	6.4	6.5	5.9	6.0	6.2
Other services(1)	3.2	3.2	3.6	3.7	4.2	2.8	3.9	3.9	3.4
Government	2.4	2.3	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal(1)	2.4	3.0	3.0	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.2
State and local	2.4	2.2	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5
State and local education	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.6	1.3
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.3	3.2	3.0	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	5,788	5,670	5,845	5,514	5,643	5,871	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,243	5,175	5,311	4,986	5,115	5,358	4.2	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2
Mining and logging(3)	23	9	14	11	12	13	2.8	1.3	2.0	1.5	1.8	1.9
Construction(3)	151	215	193	193	187	214	2.3	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.7	3.1
Manufacturing	366	337	397	350	361	379	2.9	2.7	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0
Durable goods(3)	218	167	208	180	200	227	2.7	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.9
Nondurable goods(3)	148	170	190	170	160	152	3.1	3.6	4.0	3.6	3.4	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,037	975	1,060	970	986	1,030	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.6
Wholesale trade(3)	210	189	255	162	182	165	3.5	3.1	4.1	2.7	3.0	2.7
Retail trade	604	605	589	605	588	627	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	223	181	215	202	217	239	3.9	3.2	3.8	3.6	3.8	4.2
Information(3)	116	75	101	95	94	79	4.0	2.6	3.5	3.3	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	366	326	387	305	314	321	4.3	3.8	4.5	3.6	3.7	3.7
Finance and insurance	248	257	278	249	232	245	3.9	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	117	69	109	56	82	76	5.3	3.2	4.9	2.5	3.7	3.4
Professional and business services	1,125	1,145	961	1,032	1,104	1,270	5.4	5.4	4.6	4.9	5.2	5.9
Education and health services	1,133	1,042	1,112	1,073	1,127	1,078	4.9	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.5
Educational services(3)	123	85	126	87	102	115	3.4	2.4	3.5	2.4	2.8	3.2
Health care and social assistance	1,010	957	986	985	1,025	962	5.1	4.8	4.9	4.9	5.1	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	743	781	793	791	741	763	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	80	76	87	91	106	2.9	3.5	3.3	3.8	3.9	4.5
Accommodation and food services	678	701	717	704	651	656	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.1	4.7	4.7
Other services(3)	183	269	293	167	188	211	3.2	4.5	4.9	2.9	3.2	3.6
Government	546	494	534	528	527	513	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3
Federal(3)	69	90	84	93	86	88	2.4	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0
State and local	477	404	449	435	441	426	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1
State and local education	169	145	146	144	139	147	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
State and local, excluding education(3)	308	259	303	291	302	279	3.3	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	942	898	915	966	928	1,002	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.6
South	2,246	2,152	2,171	1,995	2,166	2,171	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.7	4.0	4.0
Midwest	1,260	1,308	1,323	1,243	1,275	1,349	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0
West	1,340	1,311	1,435	1,310	1,273	1,349	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.9	3.7	3.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	5,084	5,290	5,085	5,047	5,172	5,227	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,710	4,912	4,734	4,695	4,814	4,861	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.0
Mining and logging	27	26	22	20	23	21	3.4	3.6	3.1	2.9	3.4	3.1
Construction	301	346	339	325	281	334	4.7	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.2	5.0
Manufacturing	264	251	269	268	281	274	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2
Durable goods	159	145	154	160	161	167	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	106	106	115	108	119	106	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,109	1,094	1,031	1,019	1,038	1,034	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8
Wholesale trade	141	164	148	142	144	137	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.3
Retail trade	773	769	714	710	719	723	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	196	161	169	167	175	174	3.6	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2
Information	79	74	85	69	76	77	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.5	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	187	218	202	192	197	178	2.3	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.1
Finance and insurance	125	135	132	130	130	117	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	83	71	62	67	62	3.0	3.9	3.3	2.9	3.1	2.9
Professional and business services	1,003	1,071	1,031	987	1,003	1,140	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.6
Education and health services	603	615	605	644	654	622	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
Educational services	84	82	96	102	96	83	2.4	2.3	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.3
Health care and social assistance	519	534	509	541	558	539	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	925	1,001	959	986	1,024	1,021	6.1	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.6	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	120	150	127	146	180	162	5.5	6.7	5.7	6.6	8.0	7.2
Accommodation and food services	805	852	832	840	844	858	6.2	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.4	6.5
Other services	211	215	191	187	238	161	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.3	4.2	2.8
Government	374	379	351	352	358	367	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7
Federal	45	40	37	41	38	39	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	329	339	315	311	320	327	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
State and local education	173	174	152	160	163	164	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education	156	165	162	151	156	163	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	805	829	814	777	859	801	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.0
South	2,035	2,069	1,969	1,907	1,889	2,034	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.9
Midwest	1,085	1,254	1,075	1,152	1,187	1,170	3.4	3.9	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.6
West	1,159	1,138	1,227	1,211	1,237	1,221	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	4,794	5,096	5,015	4,978	4,964	4,937	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,458	4,747	4,660	4,642	4,612	4,611	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
Mining and logging	32	40	35	26	28	24	4.0	5.6	4.9	3.7	4.0	3.5
Construction	274	334	354	338	293	297	4.3	5.0	5.3	5.1	4.4	4.5
Manufacturing	253	288	279	294	264	258	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.1
Durable goods	161	171	160	183	160	158	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods	91	116	119	111	103	100	2.0	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,071	1,043	1,012	1,010	1,047	1,022	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.7
Wholesale trade	158	145	144	132	138	148	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	739	747	702	706	711	708	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	151	166	173	198	167	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	3.6	3.1
Information	81	67	82	75	68	77	2.9	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.8
Financial activities	174	191	188	186	177	168	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0
Finance and insurance	112	116	113	126	118	108	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	76	74	60	58	60	2.9	3.6	3.5	2.8	2.7	2.8
Professional and business services	940	1,042	1,004	966	943	1,030	4.8	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.7	5.1
Education and health services	541	557	570	593	618	586	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.6
Educational services	76	73	83	92	102	92	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.9	2.6
Health care and social assistance	465	484	486	501	517	494	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	873	972	950	969	950	958	5.8	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	105	144	131	155	155	141	4.9	6.5	5.9	7.0	6.9	6.2
Accommodation and food services	767	828	819	815	795	817	5.9	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.0	6.2
Other services	220	213	187	184	224	192	3.9	3.7	3.3	3.2	3.9	3.4
Government	336	349	355	335	352	327	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal	42	39	38	32	34	33	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.2
State and local	294	310	317	303	317	294	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5
State and local education	135	171	165	146	164	135	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.3
State and local, excluding education	159	139	153	157	153	159	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	689	797	783	749	787	853	2.6	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.2
South	1,931	1,891	1,917	1,946	1,885	1,931	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7
Midwest	1,094	1,287	1,118	1,139	1,115	1,085	3.4	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
West	1,080	1,121	1,197	1,143	1,176	1,067	3.3	3.4	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.3
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	2,724	2,948	2,909	2,942	2,979	2,980	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,566	2,780	2,738	2,775	2,785	2,807	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3
Mining and logging	15	15	11	12	13	12	1.8	2.1	1.6	1.7	2.0	1.8
Construction	108	158	118	120	110	125	1.7	2.4	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.9
Manufacturing	127	142	139	142	136	140	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1
Durable goods	80	79	79	80	77	79	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nondurable goods	47	63	59	62	59	61	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	610	656	624	623	649	652	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4
Wholesale trade	80	88	83	67	89	94	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.5	1.6
Retail trade	438	492	447	462	459	464	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	92	77	94	94	101	94	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.7
Information	44	36	41	36	36	46	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.6
Financial activities	93	98	106	112	103	99	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.2
Finance and insurance	60	53	66	74	71	63	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	34	45	40	38	32	36	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.7
Professional and business services	468	545	558	547	542	553	2.4	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7
Education and health services	356	386	382	405	410	400	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8
Educational services	48	35	38	53	51	49	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.5	1.4	1.4
Health care and social assistance	308	351	344	352	359	351	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	609	644	645	678	645	639	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	53	56	63	65	58	62	2.4	2.5	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8
Accommodation and food services	556	588	582	612	587	577	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.3
Other services(3)	137	101	115	100	140	142	2.4	1.8	2.0	1.8	2.5	2.5
Government	158	168	171	168	194	173	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Federal	13	14	14	11	13	12	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	144	154	157	156	181	161	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
State and local education	75	74	73	70	96	71	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7
State and local, excluding education	69	79	84	86	85	90	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	402	399	339	394	407	453	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.7
South	1,170	1,165	1,194	1,197	1,199	1,190	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
Midwest	607	684	673	691	660	658	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0
West	546	700	703	661	713	679	1.7	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	1,664	1,768	1,708	1,701	1,622	1,579	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,552	1,650	1,586	1,594	1,529	1,484	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2
Mining and logging(3)	16	21	20	10	11	8	2.0	2.9	2.8	1.4	1.6	1.1
Construction	144	165	217	204	168	148	2.2	2.5	3.3	3.1	2.5	2.2
Manufacturing	103	116	115	131	106	95	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	67	71	66	92	70	65	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	36	44	49	39	36	30	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	354	287	283	301	311	282	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
Wholesale trade(3)	68	44	49	59	37	42	1.2	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.6	0.7
Retail trade	222	183	177	177	189	181	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	64	59	57	65	85	59	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.6	1.1
Information	24	22	29	30	24	20	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.7
Financial activities	60	65	53	53	51	40	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Finance and insurance	40	42	28	36	30	23	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	23	25	17	20	18	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.8	0.9	0.8
Professional and business services	425	438	384	368	340	413	2.2	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.7	2.0
Education and health services	133	145	151	157	167	140	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6
Educational services	19	36	43	33	37	35	0.6	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.0
Health care and social assistance	113	109	109	123	130	105	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	217	295	266	261	281	290	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	48	84	65	84	95	77	2.2	3.8	2.9	3.8	4.2	3.4
Accommodation and food services	170	211	200	177	186	213	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.6
Other services	75	97	67	80	71	48	1.3	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.3	0.8
Government	113	118	122	107	93	95	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4
Federal	15	12	11	11	11	11	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	98	107	111	97	83	84	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local education	40	73	65	49	42	43	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	58	34	46	47	41	41	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	213	326	375	307	328	336	0.8	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3
South	593	569	554	615	539	587	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1
Midwest	402	519	363	372	383	354	1.3	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1
West	456	354	416	408	372	302	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	405	380	398	334	363	378	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	340	317	336	274	298	319	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	4	4	5	3	4	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6
Construction(3)	22	11	20	15	15	24	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Manufacturing	23	30	25	21	22	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	21	15	11	13	15	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	8	9	10	10	8	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107	101	105	87	87	88	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	9	13	12	6	12	11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	80	73	78	68	63	62	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	18	15	15	13	12	14	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Information(3)	12	9	12	9	9	11	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4
Financial activities	20	29	28	21	23	29	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	13	21	19	16	17	22	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	7	8	9	5	6	7	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3
Professional and business services	48	59	61	51	61	64	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	53	26	36	31	42	46	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	9	2	3	6	14	8	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	44	24	34	26	28	38	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	46	32	39	31	24	29	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	5	4	3	5	2	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	42	29	37	26	22	27	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	8	15	5	4	13	1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0
Government	65	62	63	60	65	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	13	13	10	11	10	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	52	49	49	50	54	49	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	20	24	27	27	27	22	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	32	25	23	23	27	27	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	75	72	69	48	53	64	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	168	157	168	134	147	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	85	84	82	77	72	73	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	78	67	78	75	91	87	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	6,039	5,610	6,090	4.1	3.7	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,444	5,049	5,534	4.3	3.9	4.3
Mining and logging	23	12	13	2.7	1.8	1.8
Construction	151	187	214	2.2	2.7	3.0
Manufacturing	366	361	379	2.9	2.8	3.0
Durable goods	218	200	227	2.7	2.5	2.9
Nondurable goods	148	160	152	3.1	3.3	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,098	980	1,097	3.9	3.5	3.9
Wholesale trade	210	182	165	3.4	3.0	2.7
Retail trade	665	582	693	4.1	3.5	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	223	217	239	4.0	3.8	4.2
Information	116	94	79	4.0	3.3	2.7
Financial activities	378	316	330	4.4	3.7	3.8
Finance and insurance	261	234	254	4.1	3.7	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	117	82	76	5.2	3.6	3.3
Professional and business services	1,131	1,089	1,284	5.4	5.1	5.9
Education and health services	1,197	1,072	1,133	5.2	4.6	4.8
Educational services	123	102	115	3.7	3.0	3.5
Health care and social assistance	1,074	970	1,017	5.5	4.8	5.0
Leisure and hospitality	801	749	795	4.8	4.4	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	59	82	100	2.3	3.1	3.7
Accommodation and food services	742	666	695	5.3	4.7	4.8
Other services	183	188	211	3.1	3.2	3.5
Government	594	562	556	2.8	2.5	2.6
Federal	69	86	88	2.4	3.0	3.0
State and local	526	476	468	2.8	2.4	2.5
State and local education	218	173	189	2.4	1.7	2.1
State and local, excluding education	308	302	279	3.2	3.2	2.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	974	926	1,055	3.6	3.3	3.8
South	2,345	2,161	2,239	4.3	3.9	4.1
Midwest	1,317	1,238	1,406	4.0	3.7	4.2
West	1,402	1,284	1,391	4.2	3.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	5,500	5,960	5,653	3.9	4.1	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,092	5,492	5,243	4.2	4.5	4.3
Mining and logging	30	28	23	3.7	4.1	3.3
Construction	355	347	395	5.3	5.1	5.7
Manufacturing	288	346	298	2.3	2.8	2.4
Durable goods	167	194	177	2.1	2.5	2.3
Nondurable goods	121	152	122	2.6	3.3	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,142	1,044	1,065	4.2	3.8	3.9
Wholesale trade	160	162	153	2.7	2.7	2.6
Retail trade	776	710	725	4.9	4.5	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	206	171	187	3.8	3.1	3.4
Information	84	90	82	3.0	3.2	2.9
Financial activities	208	229	195	2.5	2.7	2.3
Finance and insurance	143	151	131	2.4	2.5	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	78	64	3.0	3.6	2.9
Professional and business services	1,048	1,084	1,185	5.3	5.3	5.8
Education and health services	692	735	712	3.2	3.3	3.2
Educational services	109	118	106	3.5	3.6	3.3
Health care and social assistance	583	617	606	3.1	3.2	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	984	1,272	1,082	6.2	7.9	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	119	289	162	4.8	11.4	6.2
Accommodation and food services	866	983	920	6.5	7.2	6.7
Other services	260	317	206	4.6	5.5	3.6
Government	408	468	410	2.0	2.1	2.0
Federal	38	51	33	1.4	1.8	1.2
State and local	370	417	377	2.1	2.2	2.1
State and local education	180	139	175	2.1	1.4	2.0
State and local, excluding education	190	279	202	2.1	3.0	2.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	911	1,036	905	3.5	3.9	3.4
South	2,187	2,068	2,205	4.2	3.9	4.2
Midwest	1,103	1,388	1,180	3.5	4.3	3.7
West	1,298	1,468	1,362	4.0	4.4	4.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	5,162	5,145	5,310	3.6	3.5	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,745	4,591	4,907	3.9	3.7	4.0
Mining and logging	35	28	26	4.2	4.0	3.8
Construction	296	258	322	4.4	3.8	4.7
Manufacturing	271	271	275	2.2	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	177	163	170	2.3	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	94	108	105	2.0	2.3	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,102	996	1,050	4.1	3.6	3.8
Wholesale trade	165	140	156	2.8	2.4	2.6
Retail trade	751	676	719	4.8	4.2	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	186	180	175	3.5	3.3	3.2
Information	86	67	82	3.1	2.4	2.9
Financial activities	179	180	165	2.2	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	118	119	106	1.9	1.9	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	61	59	2.9	2.8	2.7
Professional and business services	955	929	1,061	4.8	4.6	5.2
Education and health services	644	725	699	3.0	3.2	3.1
Educational services	109	175	136	3.4	5.3	4.2
Health care and social assistance	535	550	563	2.9	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	944	912	1,029	6.0	5.6	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	95	108	119	3.8	4.3	4.6
Accommodation and food services	849	804	910	6.4	5.9	6.7
Other services	234	227	198	4.1	3.9	3.4
Government	417	554	403	2.0	2.5	1.9
Federal	37	32	27	1.3	1.1	1.0
State and local	381	522	376	2.1	2.7	2.1
State and local education	213	370	205	2.4	3.7	2.3
State and local, excluding education	168	152	171	1.8	1.6	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	741	791	921	2.8	2.9	3.5
South	2,086	1,970	2,084	4.0	3.7	4.0
Midwest	1,125	1,123	1,106	3.6	3.5	3.4
West	1,210	1,261	1,199	3.7	3.8	3.6
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	3,106	3,178	3,389	2.2	2.2	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,908	2,890	3,175	2.4	2.3	2.6
Mining and logging	17	13	14	2.1	1.9	2.0
Construction	136	119	160	2.0	1.7	2.3
Manufacturing	149	143	163	1.2	1.2	1.3
Durable goods	94	81	92	1.2	1.0	1.2
Nondurable goods	55	62	71	1.2	1.3	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	652	654	695	2.4	2.4	2.5
Wholesale trade	85	95	101	1.4	1.6	1.7
Retail trade	461	458	487	2.9	2.9	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	106	101	107	2.0	1.9	2.0
Information	50	35	53	1.8	1.2	1.9
Financial activities	101	109	104	1.2	1.3	1.2
Finance and insurance	68	77	68	1.1	1.2	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	34	32	36	1.6	1.5	1.6
Professional and business services	527	560	624	2.7	2.8	3.1
Education and health services	427	448	477	2.0	2.0	2.1
Educational services	66	76	70	2.1	2.3	2.2
Health care and social assistance	361	372	407	1.9	1.9	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	712	670	744	4.5	4.1	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	67	61	80	2.7	2.4	3.1
Accommodation and food services	644	609	664	4.8	4.5	4.9
Other services	137	140	142	2.4	2.4	2.5
Government	198	287	214	1.0	1.3	1.0
Federal	14	14	12	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	184	273	202	1.0	1.4	1.1
State and local education	108	188	100	1.2	1.9	1.1
State and local, excluding education	76	85	102	0.8	0.9	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	449	415	514	1.7	1.5	1.9
South	1,329	1,288	1,350	2.6	2.4	2.6
Midwest	692	700	739	2.2	2.2	2.3
West	636	774	785	2.0	2.3	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	1,625	1,561	1,530	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,490	1,419	1,415	1.2	1.2	1.1
Mining and logging	16	11	8	2.0	1.6	1.1
Construction	138	124	138	2.1	1.8	2.0
Manufacturing	98	104	88	0.8	0.8	0.7
Durable goods	67	67	63	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	31	38	25	0.7	0.8	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	330	269	259	1.2	1.0	0.9
Wholesale trade	68	37	42	1.2	0.6	0.7
Retail trade	198	166	163	1.3	1.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	63	67	54	1.2	1.2	1.0
Information	23	24	19	0.8	0.8	0.7
Financial activities	59	47	36	0.7	0.6	0.4
Finance and insurance	39	24	20	0.6	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	23	16	1.0	1.0	0.7
Professional and business services	386	312	382	1.9	1.5	1.9
Education and health services	164	235	176	0.8	1.0	0.8
Educational services	33	85	58	1.1	2.6	1.8
Health care and social assistance	130	150	118	0.7	0.8	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	186	218	255	1.2	1.3	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	23	45	37	0.9	1.8	1.4
Accommodation and food services	163	173	218	1.2	1.3	1.6
Other services	89	74	54	1.6	1.3	0.9
Government	135	142	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
Federal	10	9	7	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	124	133	107	0.7	0.7	0.6
State and local education	71	100	70	0.8	1.0	0.8
State and local, excluding education	54	34	37	0.6	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	214	309	338	0.8	1.1	1.3
South	579	523	573	1.1	1.0	1.1
Midwest	341	346	294	1.1	1.1	0.9
West	490	384	324	1.5	1.2	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)	July 2015	June 2016	July 2016(p)
Total	431	406	392	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	347	281	317	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	2	4	4	0.2	0.5	0.6
Construction	22	15	24	0.3	0.2	0.4
Manufacturing	23	23	24	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	15	16	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	8	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	120	73	97	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wholesale trade	11	9	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	91	52	69	0.6	0.3	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	12	14	0.3	0.2	0.3
Information	12	9	11	0.4	0.3	0.4
Financial activities	18	24	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	11	18	18	0.2	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	6	7	0.3	0.3	0.3
Professional and business services	42	56	56	0.2	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	53	42	46	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	9	14	8	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health care and social assistance	44	28	38	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	46	24	29	0.3	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	2	2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	42	22	27	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services	8	13	1	0.1	0.2	0.0
Government	84	125	75	0.4	0.6	0.4
Federal	12	9	8	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	72	116	67	0.4	0.6	0.4
State and local education	35	83	35	0.4	0.8	0.4
State and local, excluding education	38	33	32	0.4	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	78	66	68	0.3	0.2	0.3
South	178	159	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	92	77	73	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	83	103	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.