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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 8, 2021	USDL-21-1616
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

				JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2021

The number of job openings increased to a series high of 10.9 million on the last business day of July, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.7 
million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.7 percent 
while the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.0 percent. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by 
four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number and rate of job openings increased to series highs of 10.9 
million (+749,000) and 6.9 percent, respectively. Job openings increased in several industries, with the 
largest increases in health care and social assistance (+294,000); finance and insurance (+116,000); and 
accommodation and food services (+115,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast, 
South, and West regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 6.7 million and 4.5 percent, respectively. 
Hires decreased in retail trade (-277,000), durable goods manufacturing (-41,000), and educational 
services (-23,000). The number of hires increased in state and local government education (+33,000) and in 
federal government (+21,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In July, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.8 million and 3.9 percent, 
respectively. The total separations level decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-43,000) 
and in federal government (-9,000). Total separations increased in the Northeast region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in July at 4.0 million. The quits rate was unchanged at 2.7 
percent. Quits increased in wholesale trade (+34,000) and in state and local government education 
(+14,000). Quits decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-25,000) and in federal 
government (-5,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In July, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.5 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in professional and business services 
(+107,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 350,000. Other separations decreased in 
health care and social assistance (-16,000), information (-6,000), and real estate and rental and leasing   
(-5,000). The other separations level decreased in the West region. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 72.6 million and separations totaled 65.6 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 7.0 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In July, the job openings rate increased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees and decreased 
in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The hires rate decreased in large establishments 
with 5,000 or more employees. The total separations rate decreased in large establishments with 5,000 or 
more employees. The other separations rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees 
and 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class 
estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 12, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			  Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2021				|
|			     Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information  |
|about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-	|
|turnover-covid19-july-2021.htm.									|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

6,717 10,185 10,934 6,237 6,827 6,667 5,392 5,612 5,786

Total private

5,915 9,226 9,881 5,893 6,398 6,166 4,949 5,350 5,515

Mining and logging

15 28 39 25 25 24 25 19 17

Construction

298 338 321 389 371 384 347 379 391

Manufacturing

402 880 889 362 483 441 378 427 423

Durable goods

223 494 481 200 280 239 220 237 223

Nondurable goods

179 386 408 162 203 202 158 191 200

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,250 1,943 1,850 1,256 1,585 1,302 1,126 1,267 1,273

Wholesale trade

172 274 260 130 175 184 137 142 172

Retail trade

781 1,195 1,100 786 1,126 849 713 861 879

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

296 474 490 340 283 269 276 265 222

Information

86 161 174 87 91 98 64 88 80

Financial activities

308 346 548 265 209 218 208 203 204

Finance and insurance

235 246 362 134 139 142 129 143 139

Real estate and rental and leasing

74 100 186 131 70 76 80 60 65

Professional and business services

1,184 1,719 1,833 1,100 1,163 1,253 1,058 1,100 1,199

Education and health services

1,214 1,700 1,981 846 796 780 706 719 701

Educational services

83 201 188 99 128 105 82 65 67

Health care and social assistance

1,131 1,498 1,792 747 667 675 624 654 633

Leisure and hospitality

859 1,685 1,819 1,359 1,392 1,397 844 955 995

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

96 216 235 192 180 187 132 120 125

Accommodation and food services

762 1,469 1,584 1,167 1,212 1,211 712 834 870

Other services

299 425 427 204 284 268 194 193 233

Government

803 959 1,053 344 429 502 443 262 271

Federal

286 119 116 73 36 57 45 50 41

State and local

516 840 936 271 393 444 397 212 229

State and local education

156 446 460 132 267 300 263 57 75

State and local, excluding education

360 394 477 139 126 145 135 155 154




RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.6 6.5 6.9 4.5 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.9

Total private

4.8 6.9 7.3 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.4

Mining and logging

2.5 4.3 5.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.0 2.6

Construction

4.0 4.4 4.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.3

Manufacturing

3.2 6.7 6.7 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.4

Durable goods

2.9 6.1 5.9 2.7 3.7 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9

Nondurable goods

3.8 7.6 8.0 3.6 4.3 4.3 3.5 4.1 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

4.6 6.6 6.3 4.8 5.8 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.7

Wholesale trade

3.0 4.6 4.4 2.3 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.5 3.0

Retail trade

5.0 7.2 6.7 5.3 7.3 5.5 4.8 5.6 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

4.8 7.0 7.2 5.7 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.2 3.5

Information

3.2 5.6 6.0 3.4 3.3 3.6 2.5 3.2 2.9

Financial activities

3.4 3.8 5.8 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance

3.5 3.6 5.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

3.3 4.2 7.5 6.0 3.1 3.3 3.7 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services

5.7 7.6 8.1 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.7

Education and health services

5.0 6.7 7.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0

Educational services

2.4 5.4 5.0 2.9 3.6 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.9

Health care and social assistance

5.5 7.0 8.2 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

6.3 10.2 10.7 10.6 9.4 9.2 6.6 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

5.6 9.6 10.1 11.8 8.8 8.9 8.1 5.9 5.9

Accommodation and food services

6.4 10.3 10.8 10.4 9.5 9.3 6.4 6.5 6.7

Other services

5.3 7.0 7.0 3.8 5.0 4.7 3.6 3.4 4.1

Government

3.6 4.2 4.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.2

Federal

9.0 4.0 3.9 2.5 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.4

State and local

2.7 4.2 4.7 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.1 1.2

State and local education

1.6 4.3 4.3 1.3 2.7 2.9 2.7 0.6 0.7

State and local, excluding education

3.9 4.2 5.1 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

6,717 8,288 9,193 9,483 10,185 10,934 4.6 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,915 7,446 8,263 8,601 9,226 9,881 4.8 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.9 7.3

Mining and logging

15 31 23 26 28 39 2.5 4.8 3.6 4.0 4.3 5.8

Construction

298 334 351 317 338 321 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.2

Manufacturing

402 749 825 853 880 889 3.2 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.7

Durable goods

223 393 462 480 494 481 2.9 4.9 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.9

Nondurable goods

179 356 364 373 386 408 3.8 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 8.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,250 1,562 1,644 1,687 1,943 1,850 4.6 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.6 6.3

Wholesale trade

172 256 285 277 274 260 3.0 4.3 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.4

Retail trade

781 899 955 1,020 1,195 1,100 5.0 5.6 5.9 6.3 7.2 6.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

296 406 404 390 474 490 4.8 6.1 6.1 5.9 7.0 7.2

Information

86 102 114 140 161 174 3.2 3.7 4.0 4.9 5.6 6.0

Financial activities

308 346 416 392 346 548 3.4 3.8 4.5 4.3 3.8 5.8

Finance and insurance

235 264 292 289 246 362 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.2 3.6 5.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

74 82 124 103 100 186 3.3 3.5 5.2 4.3 4.2 7.5

Professional and business services

1,184 1,421 1,591 1,562 1,719 1,833 5.7 6.4 7.1 7.0 7.6 8.1

Education and health services

1,214 1,431 1,529 1,630 1,700 1,981 5.0 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.7 7.7

Educational services

83 144 130 169 201 188 2.4 4.0 3.6 4.6 5.4 5.0

Health care and social assistance

1,131 1,287 1,400 1,461 1,498 1,792 5.5 6.1 6.5 6.8 7.0 8.2

Leisure and hospitality

859 1,195 1,405 1,511 1,685 1,819 6.3 8.0 9.1 9.5 10.2 10.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

96 206 247 194 216 235 5.6 10.3 11.5 9.0 9.6 10.1

Accommodation and food services

762 989 1,159 1,317 1,469 1,584 6.4 7.7 8.7 9.6 10.3 10.8

Other services

299 275 364 483 425 427 5.3 4.7 6.1 8.0 7.0 7.0

Government

803 843 930 882 959 1,053 3.6 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.6

Federal

286 126 143 126 119 116 9.0 4.2 4.7 4.2 4.0 3.9

State and local

516 717 787 756 840 936 2.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.7

State and local education

156 267 288 322 446 460 1.6 2.7 2.9 3.2 4.3 4.3

State and local, excluding education

360 450 500 433 394 477 3.9 4.8 5.3 4.6 4.2 5.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,162 1,524 1,645 1,694 1,746 2,026 4.4 5.5 5.9 6.0 6.2 7.0

South

2,499 3,163 3,509 3,594 3,888 4,114 4.6 5.6 6.2 6.3 6.8 7.1

Midwest

1,562 1,783 2,069 2,064 2,227 2,300 4.9 5.4 6.2 6.2 6.6 6.7

West

1,495 1,818 1,970 2,131 2,323 2,495 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.8

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

6,237 6,006 6,012 6,022 6,827 6,667 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,893 5,646 5,661 5,703 6,398 6,166 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.2 4.9

Mining and logging

25 31 21 23 25 24 4.2 5.0 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.8

Construction

389 442 328 304 371 384 5.4 5.9 4.4 4.1 5.0 5.2

Manufacturing

362 434 399 427 483 441 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.6

Durable goods

200 255 216 235 280 239 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 3.1

Nondurable goods

162 180 183 192 203 202 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,256 1,156 1,210 1,271 1,585 1,302 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.8 4.8

Wholesale trade

130 148 170 163 175 184 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2

Retail trade

786 755 793 832 1,126 849 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.5 7.3 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

340 252 246 277 283 269 5.7 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.3

Information

87 94 101 99 91 98 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6

Financial activities

265 209 211 201 209 218 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance

134 132 141 130 139 142 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

131 77 70 70 70 76 6.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3

Professional and business services

1,100 1,129 1,056 1,049 1,163 1,253 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.6 6.0

Education and health services

846 754 749 760 796 780 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3

Educational services

99 114 88 102 128 105 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.6 2.9

Health care and social assistance

747 640 661 658 667 675 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,359 1,172 1,336 1,346 1,392 1,397 10.6 8.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

192 157 187 186 180 187 11.8 8.8 9.8 9.5 8.8 8.9

Accommodation and food services

1,167 1,015 1,150 1,160 1,212 1,211 10.4 8.5 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.3

Other services

204 226 249 222 284 268 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.7

Government

344 360 351 319 429 502 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.3

Federal

73 35 43 35 36 57 2.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 2.0

State and local

271 325 308 284 393 444 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.1 2.3

State and local education

132 162 159 180 267 300 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.7 2.9

State and local, excluding education

139 164 149 104 126 145 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,146 997 961 880 1,021 1,005 4.5 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.8

South

2,302 2,295 2,359 2,442 2,647 2,642 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9

Midwest

1,368 1,295 1,290 1,278 1,641 1,538 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 5.2 4.8

West

1,421 1,419 1,401 1,421 1,519 1,482 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

5,392 5,436 5,803 5,330 5,612 5,786 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,949 5,100 5,478 5,047 5,350 5,515 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.4

Mining and logging

25 14 20 21 19 17 4.2 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.6

Construction

347 358 349 334 379 391 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.1 5.3

Manufacturing

378 402 427 380 427 423 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.4

Durable goods

220 229 240 199 237 223 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.1 2.9

Nondurable goods

158 172 187 181 191 200 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,126 1,120 1,313 1,174 1,267 1,273 4.3 4.1 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.7

Wholesale trade

137 141 169 142 142 172 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0

Retail trade

713 726 832 768 861 879 4.8 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.6 5.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

276 253 312 264 265 222 4.7 4.0 5.0 4.2 4.2 3.5

Information

64 89 84 78 88 80 2.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.9

Financial activities

208 198 200 195 203 204 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance

129 132 139 135 143 139 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

80 66 61 60 60 65 3.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8

Professional and business services

1,058 1,058 1,126 969 1,100 1,199 5.4 5.1 5.4 4.7 5.3 5.7

Education and health services

706 678 721 691 719 701 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.0

Educational services

82 80 92 68 65 67 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.9

Health care and social assistance

624 598 628 624 654 633 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

844 981 1,021 987 955 995 6.6 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

132 116 108 122 120 125 8.1 6.4 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.9

Accommodation and food services

712 865 913 866 834 870 6.4 7.2 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.7

Other services

194 203 218 216 193 233 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.1

Government

443 335 325 284 262 271 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2

Federal

45 36 38 44 50 41 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.4

State and local

397 299 287 240 212 229 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2

State and local education

263 149 143 104 57 75 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.7

State and local, excluding education

135 150 144 136 155 154 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

812 815 838 784 815 913 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.4

South

1,999 2,197 2,350 2,119 2,219 2,282 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.2

Midwest

1,233 1,200 1,268 1,209 1,296 1,281 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0

West

1,348 1,223 1,347 1,218 1,281 1,310 4.1 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

3,182 3,568 3,992 3,630 3,870 3,977 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,936 3,387 3,810 3,470 3,713 3,815 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.1

Mining and logging

10 9 11 10 12 10 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.5

Construction

145 198 176 156 185 199 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.7

Manufacturing

191 262 286 245 304 295 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.4

Durable goods

106 150 155 120 163 152 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.0

Nondurable goods

85 113 132 126 141 143 1.9 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

757 787 947 851 905 956 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.5

Wholesale trade

89 89 111 90 105 139 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.4

Retail trade

524 543 629 596 637 678 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

144 155 206 166 164 139 2.4 2.5 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.2

Information

38 57 52 45 48 50 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8

Financial activities

94 122 141 121 127 133 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5

Finance and insurance

57 80 102 86 78 82 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

37 42 40 35 49 52 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.3

Professional and business services

572 613 763 614 684 684 2.9 2.9 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.3

Education and health services

488 507 551 523 548 568 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4

Educational services

41 46 52 51 46 51 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance

447 460 499 472 502 516 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

519 703 752 762 772 780 4.0 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

39 52 57 59 66 70 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3

Accommodation and food services

480 650 695 703 706 710 4.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4

Other services

121 129 131 143 128 141 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5

Government

246 181 182 160 156 162 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Federal

19 16 18 22 25 20 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7

State and local

227 164 165 138 131 142 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local education

147 84 84 64 34 48 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5

State and local, excluding education

80 80 81 74 97 94 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

438 491 507 458 531 579 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.2

South

1,202 1,505 1,696 1,487 1,561 1,584 2.3 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.9

Midwest

790 780 873 827 889 898 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8

West

752 792 916 858 888 915 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

1,845 1,525 1,450 1,353 1,354 1,459 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,741 1,433 1,365 1,281 1,300 1,399 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1

Mining and logging

14 4 7 8 6 5 2.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.8

Construction

189 149 158 160 183 177 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing

165 119 112 110 101 109 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods

101 65 65 64 59 60 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

63 54 47 45 42 49 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

310 279 278 278 298 264 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade

45 41 45 45 26 27 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5

Retail trade

166 148 148 149 189 165 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

100 90 85 84 83 72 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1

Information

22 27 24 27 30 26 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9

Financial activities

80 63 38 43 42 40 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance

45 40 21 24 37 29 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

35 23 17 19 4 10 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.5

Professional and business services

414 357 292 278 307 414 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.0

Education and health services

185 130 142 122 115 96 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4

Educational services

39 29 35 14 15 14 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance

146 102 107 108 100 81 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

298 244 235 199 160 182 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

90 61 48 55 53 52 5.5 3.4 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5

Accommodation and food services

208 182 187 144 106 130 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.0

Other services

65 61 77 57 59 86 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.5

Government

104 92 86 72 54 61 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Federal

12 9 9 9 10 8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local

92 83 77 63 43 52 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education

63 42 39 27 15 19 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2

State and local, excluding education

29 41 38 36 29 33 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

313 263 269 273 216 257 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0

South

660 562 519 491 518 565 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0

Midwest

369 349 321 315 324 304 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

West

503 351 341 274 295 334 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
Mar.
2021
Apr.
2021
May
2021
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

365 343 360 347 389 350 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

273 280 303 295 337 302 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging

1 1 2 3 1 2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3

Construction

12 10 14 19 11 15 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing

23 21 28 25 22 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

13 15 21 15 14 10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods

9 6 8 10 8 8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

58 53 88 45 64 53 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

2 11 12 8 12 7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade

23 35 55 23 34 36 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

32 7 20 14 17 11 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Information

5 4 8 6 11 5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2

Financial activities

34 13 21 31 34 30 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance

26 13 16 25 27 28 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

8 1 4 6 7 2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

72 89 71 76 109 101 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5

Education and health services

33 41 28 47 55 38 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

1 5 6 3 4 2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance

31 36 22 44 52 36 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

27 35 34 26 24 32 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3 2 3 7 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services

24 33 31 19 23 30 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

8 13 10 16 7 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Government

92 63 57 52 52 48 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Federal

14 11 12 13 14 13 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local

79 51 46 39 38 35 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education

52 23 20 13 8 8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education

26 28 25 27 30 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

60 62 62 53 68 76 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South

138 129 135 140 140 133 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest

75 71 74 67 83 80 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

West

92 80 90 87 98 61 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

7,201 10,425 11,664 4.9 6.6 7.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,322 9,400 10,502 5.1 7.0 7.7

Mining and logging

18 27 43 2.9 4.1 6.3

Construction

325 344 344 4.2 4.3 4.3

Manufacturing

436 937 942 3.5 7.0 7.0

Durable goods

237 535 498 3.0 6.5 6.1

Nondurable goods

199 402 444 4.2 7.9 8.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,387 2,003 2,024 5.0 6.8 6.9

Wholesale trade

201 287 290 3.5 4.8 4.8

Retail trade

876 1,228 1,217 5.6 7.4 7.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

311 488 516 5.0 7.2 7.6

Information

100 152 194 3.7 5.3 6.6

Financial activities

323 334 572 3.6 3.6 6.0

Finance and insurance

237 229 372 3.5 3.4 5.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

86 105 199 3.7 4.4 7.9

Professional and business services

1,239 1,715 1,905 5.9 7.6 8.3

Education and health services

1,272 1,681 2,057 5.3 6.7 8.1

Educational services

104 202 212 3.2 5.7 6.0

Health care and social assistance

1,169 1,479 1,845 5.7 6.9 8.4

Leisure and hospitality

912 1,775 1,954 6.4 10.3 11.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

82 223 229 4.2 8.9 8.7

Accommodation and food services

830 1,552 1,725 6.7 10.6 11.4

Other services

311 431 468 5.5 7.0 7.5

Government

879 1,026 1,162 4.1 4.5 5.3

Federal

293 122 123 9.1 4.1 4.1

State and local

586 903 1,039 3.3 4.6 5.5

State and local education

224 504 557 2.6 5.0 6.0

State and local, excluding education

362 399 481 3.8 4.2 5.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,227 1,772 2,111 4.6 6.2 7.3

South

2,703 3,967 4,395 5.0 6.9 7.5

Midwest

1,639 2,278 2,448 5.2 6.7 7.2

West

1,632 2,408 2,710 4.8 6.6 7.3

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

6,818 7,809 7,379 4.9 5.3 5.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,429 7,321 6,829 5.4 5.9 5.4

Mining and logging

26 29 26 4.4 4.6 4.0

Construction

440 441 441 5.9 5.8 5.8

Manufacturing

399 554 485 3.3 4.5 3.9

Durable goods

215 317 255 2.9 4.1 3.3

Nondurable goods

184 238 230 4.0 5.1 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,293 1,644 1,369 4.9 6.0 5.0

Wholesale trade

143 195 204 2.6 3.4 3.6

Retail trade

812 1,171 906 5.5 7.6 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

338 278 259 5.8 4.4 4.2

Information

94 96 107 3.6 3.5 3.9

Financial activities

292 240 246 3.4 2.7 2.8

Finance and insurance

152 156 162 2.3 2.4 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

140 84 84 6.3 3.6 3.6

Professional and business services

1,186 1,329 1,355 6.0 6.3 6.4

Education and health services

959 847 917 4.2 3.6 3.9

Educational services

130 134 136 4.2 4.0 4.1

Health care and social assistance

830 713 781 4.3 3.6 3.9

Leisure and hospitality

1,498 1,766 1,570 11.2 11.5 9.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

208 303 209 11.1 13.3 8.7

Accommodation and food services

1,291 1,462 1,361 11.2 11.2 10.1

Other services

241 375 312 4.5 6.5 5.4

Government

389 488 550 1.9 2.3 2.6

Federal

73 37 58 2.5 1.3 2.0

State and local

316 451 492 1.8 2.4 2.8

State and local education

155 235 325 1.9 2.4 3.7

State and local, excluding education

162 216 168 1.8 2.4 1.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,328 1,270 1,191 5.2 4.8 4.5

South

2,475 2,966 2,910 4.8 5.5 5.4

Midwest

1,442 1,836 1,605 4.8 5.8 5.1

West

1,574 1,737 1,673 4.8 5.1 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

5,819 5,820 6,209 4.2 4.0 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,296 5,482 5,912 4.5 4.4 4.7

Mining and logging

26 15 18 4.3 2.4 2.7

Construction

362 352 411 4.9 4.6 5.4

Manufacturing

395 426 437 3.3 3.4 3.5

Durable goods

234 234 230 3.1 3.0 3.0

Nondurable goods

161 193 206 3.5 4.1 4.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,152 1,237 1,292 4.4 4.5 4.7

Wholesale trade

151 142 184 2.7 2.5 3.2

Retail trade

723 861 911 4.9 5.6 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

278 234 197 4.8 3.7 3.2

Information

69 93 84 2.6 3.4 3.0

Financial activities

223 215 221 2.6 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance

132 140 147 2.0 2.1 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

91 75 74 4.1 3.3 3.2

Professional and business services

1,086 1,123 1,256 5.5 5.4 6.0

Education and health services

826 832 821 3.7 3.6 3.5

Educational services

107 111 85 3.4 3.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance

719 721 736 3.7 3.6 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

935 985 1,103 7.0 6.4 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

125 99 121 6.7 4.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services

810 886 982 7.0 6.8 7.3

Other services

223 202 270 4.1 3.5 4.7

Government

523 338 297 2.6 1.6 1.4

Federal

45 48 39 1.5 1.7 1.3

State and local

478 290 258 2.7 1.5 1.4

State and local education

336 123 96 4.0 1.3 1.1

State and local, excluding education

142 167 162 1.6 1.8 1.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

824 858 920 3.3 3.2 3.5

South

2,226 2,299 2,515 4.4 4.3 4.7

Midwest

1,303 1,330 1,326 4.3 4.2 4.2

West

1,467 1,332 1,448 4.5 3.9 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

3,634 4,122 4,491 2.6 2.8 3.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,357 3,912 4,314 2.8 3.1 3.4

Mining and logging

12 11 12 2.1 1.8 1.9

Construction

185 192 243 2.5 2.5 3.2

Manufacturing

214 312 317 1.8 2.5 2.5

Durable goods

118 164 160 1.6 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods

96 148 157 2.1 3.1 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

816 932 1,030 3.1 3.4 3.8

Wholesale trade

95 108 145 1.7 1.9 2.5

Retail trade

558 667 732 3.8 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

163 157 153 2.8 2.5 2.5

Information

42 45 56 1.6 1.6 2.0

Financial activities

108 132 149 1.2 1.5 1.7

Finance and insurance

68 76 93 1.0 1.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

40 56 57 1.8 2.4 2.4

Professional and business services

628 730 753 3.2 3.5 3.6

Education and health services

559 598 656 2.5 2.6 2.8

Educational services

56 69 65 1.8 2.1 2.0

Health care and social assistance

503 529 591 2.6 2.6 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

639 829 921 4.8 5.4 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

56 72 90 3.0 3.2 3.8

Accommodation and food services

582 757 831 5.1 5.8 6.2

Other services

154 131 177 2.9 2.3 3.1

Government

277 210 177 1.4 1.0 0.8

Federal

19 25 19 0.6 0.9 0.7

State and local

258 185 157 1.5 1.0 0.9

State and local education

172 73 54 2.1 0.8 0.6

State and local, excluding education

87 112 103 1.0 1.2 1.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

483 575 628 1.9 2.2 2.4

South

1,417 1,659 1,834 2.8 3.1 3.4

Midwest

880 942 991 2.9 3.0 3.1

West

854 945 1,038 2.6 2.8 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

1,789 1,286 1,341 1.3 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,658 1,231 1,278 1.4 1.0 1.0

Mining and logging

13 3 4 2.1 0.4 0.6

Construction

166 153 153 2.2 2.0 2.0

Manufacturing

156 92 100 1.3 0.7 0.8

Durable goods

101 55 59 1.3 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods

55 37 41 1.2 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

273 245 203 1.0 0.9 0.7

Wholesale trade

52 23 30 0.9 0.4 0.5

Retail trade

140 162 141 1.0 1.1 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

81 60 32 1.4 1.0 0.5

Information

22 37 24 0.8 1.4 0.9

Financial activities

82 45 40 0.9 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance

40 38 25 0.6 0.6 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

42 8 15 1.9 0.3 0.7

Professional and business services

384 287 391 1.9 1.4 1.9

Education and health services

231 174 127 1.0 0.7 0.5

Educational services

46 33 16 1.5 1.0 0.5

Health care and social assistance

185 141 111 0.9 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

270 133 149 2.0 0.9 0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

66 26 29 3.5 1.1 1.2

Accommodation and food services

205 107 121 1.8 0.8 0.9

Other services

61 62 86 1.1 1.1 1.5

Government

130 55 63 0.6 0.3 0.3

Federal

12 9 7 0.4 0.3 0.2

State and local

118 46 56 0.7 0.2 0.3

State and local education

95 26 30 1.1 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education

23 20 26 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

272 210 204 1.1 0.8 0.8

South

670 498 551 1.3 0.9 1.0

Midwest

346 300 254 1.1 0.9 0.8

West

502 279 332 1.5 0.8 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)
July
2020
June
2021
July
2021(p)

Total

396 412 377 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

281 339 320 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging

1 1 2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Construction

11 7 15 0.1 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing

24 22 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

15 14 12 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

9 8 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

63 60 60 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

4 11 10 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

25 32 38 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

34 16 12 0.6 0.3 0.2

Information

5 11 4 0.2 0.4 0.2

Financial activities

33 38 32 0.4 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance

24 26 30 0.4 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

9 12 2 0.4 0.5 0.1

Professional and business services

74 107 111 0.4 0.5 0.5

Education and health services

36 61 38 0.2 0.3 0.2

Educational services

4 9 4 0.1 0.3 0.1

Health care and social assistance

32 52 34 0.2 0.3 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

26 23 33 0.2 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3 1 2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Accommodation and food services

23 22 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

8 9 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government

115 73 57 0.6 0.3 0.3

Federal

14 14 13 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local

102 60 44 0.6 0.3 0.2

State and local education

70 24 12 0.8 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education

32 35 32 0.3 0.4 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

70 74 87 0.3 0.3 0.3

South

138 142 130 0.3 0.3 0.2

Midwest

76 88 81 0.3 0.3 0.3

West

112 108 78 0.3 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: September 08, 2021