For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 8, 2021	USDL-21-1616
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

				JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2021

The number of job openings increased to a series high of 10.9 million on the last business day of July, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.7 
million and 5.8 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.7 percent 
while the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.0 percent. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by 
four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number and rate of job openings increased to series highs of 10.9 
million (+749,000) and 6.9 percent, respectively. Job openings increased in several industries, with the 
largest increases in health care and social assistance (+294,000); finance and insurance (+116,000); and 
accommodation and food services (+115,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast, 
South, and West regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 6.7 million and 4.5 percent, respectively. 
Hires decreased in retail trade (-277,000), durable goods manufacturing (-41,000), and educational 
services (-23,000). The number of hires increased in state and local government education (+33,000) and in 
federal government (+21,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In July, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.8 million and 3.9 percent, 
respectively. The total separations level decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-43,000) 
and in federal government (-9,000). Total separations increased in the Northeast region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in July at 4.0 million. The quits rate was unchanged at 2.7 
percent. Quits increased in wholesale trade (+34,000) and in state and local government education 
(+14,000). Quits decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-25,000) and in federal 
government (-5,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In July, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.5 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in professional and business services 
(+107,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 350,000. Other separations decreased in 
health care and social assistance (-16,000), information (-6,000), and real estate and rental and leasing   
(-5,000). The other separations level decreased in the West region. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 72.6 million and separations totaled 65.6 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 7.0 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In July, the job openings rate increased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees and decreased 
in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. The hires rate decreased in large establishments 
with 5,000 or more employees. The total separations rate decreased in large establishments with 5,000 or 
more employees. The other separations rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees 
and 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class 
estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 12, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|			  Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2021				|
|			     Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information  |
|about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-	|
|turnover-covid19-july-2021.htm.									|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,717	10,185	10,934	6,237	6,827	6,667	5,392	5,612	5,786
Total private	5,915	9,226	9,881	5,893	6,398	6,166	4,949	5,350	5,515
Mining and logging	15	28	39	25	25	24	25	19	17
Construction	298	338	321	389	371	384	347	379	391
Manufacturing	402	880	889	362	483	441	378	427	423
Durable goods	223	494	481	200	280	239	220	237	223
Nondurable goods	179	386	408	162	203	202	158	191	200
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,250	1,943	1,850	1,256	1,585	1,302	1,126	1,267	1,273
Wholesale trade	172	274	260	130	175	184	137	142	172
Retail trade	781	1,195	1,100	786	1,126	849	713	861	879
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	296	474	490	340	283	269	276	265	222
Information	86	161	174	87	91	98	64	88	80
Financial activities	308	346	548	265	209	218	208	203	204
Finance and insurance	235	246	362	134	139	142	129	143	139
Real estate and rental and leasing	74	100	186	131	70	76	80	60	65
Professional and business services	1,184	1,719	1,833	1,100	1,163	1,253	1,058	1,100	1,199
Education and health services	1,214	1,700	1,981	846	796	780	706	719	701
Educational services	83	201	188	99	128	105	82	65	67
Health care and social assistance	1,131	1,498	1,792	747	667	675	624	654	633
Leisure and hospitality	859	1,685	1,819	1,359	1,392	1,397	844	955	995
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	216	235	192	180	187	132	120	125
Accommodation and food services	762	1,469	1,584	1,167	1,212	1,211	712	834	870
Other services	299	425	427	204	284	268	194	193	233
Government	803	959	1,053	344	429	502	443	262	271
Federal	286	119	116	73	36	57	45	50	41
State and local	516	840	936	271	393	444	397	212	229
State and local education	156	446	460	132	267	300	263	57	75
State and local, excluding education	360	394	477	139	126	145	135	155	154
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.6	6.5	6.9	4.5	4.7	4.5	3.9	3.8	3.9
Total private	4.8	6.9	7.3	5.0	5.2	4.9	4.2	4.3	4.4
Mining and logging	2.5	4.3	5.8	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.2	3.0	2.6
Construction	4.0	4.4	4.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.1	5.3
Manufacturing	3.2	6.7	6.7	3.0	3.9	3.6	3.1	3.5	3.4
Durable goods	2.9	6.1	5.9	2.7	3.7	3.1	2.9	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	3.8	7.6	8.0	3.6	4.3	4.3	3.5	4.1	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.6	6.6	6.3	4.8	5.8	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.7
Wholesale trade	3.0	4.6	4.4	2.3	3.1	3.2	2.5	2.5	3.0
Retail trade	5.0	7.2	6.7	5.3	7.3	5.5	4.8	5.6	5.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.8	7.0	7.2	5.7	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.2	3.5
Information	3.2	5.6	6.0	3.4	3.3	3.6	2.5	3.2	2.9
Financial activities	3.4	3.8	5.8	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.5	3.6	5.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.3	4.2	7.5	6.0	3.1	3.3	3.7	2.6	2.8
Professional and business services	5.7	7.6	8.1	5.6	5.6	6.0	5.4	5.3	5.7
Education and health services	5.0	6.7	7.7	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.0
Educational services	2.4	5.4	5.0	2.9	3.6	2.9	2.4	1.8	1.9
Health care and social assistance	5.5	7.0	8.2	3.8	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	6.3	10.2	10.7	10.6	9.4	9.2	6.6	6.5	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.6	9.6	10.1	11.8	8.8	8.9	8.1	5.9	5.9
Accommodation and food services	6.4	10.3	10.8	10.4	9.5	9.3	6.4	6.5	6.7
Other services	5.3	7.0	7.0	3.8	5.0	4.7	3.6	3.4	4.1
Government	3.6	4.2	4.6	1.6	2.0	2.3	2.1	1.2	1.2
Federal	9.0	4.0	3.9	2.5	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.7	1.4
State and local	2.7	4.2	4.7	1.5	2.1	2.3	2.1	1.1	1.2
State and local education	1.6	4.3	4.3	1.3	2.7	2.9	2.7	0.6	0.7
State and local, excluding education	3.9	4.2	5.1	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	6,717	8,288	9,193	9,483	10,185	10,934	4.6	5.4	6.0	6.1	6.5	6.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,915	7,446	8,263	8,601	9,226	9,881	4.8	5.7	6.3	6.5	6.9	7.3
Mining and logging	15	31	23	26	28	39	2.5	4.8	3.6	4.0	4.3	5.8
Construction	298	334	351	317	338	321	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.2
Manufacturing	402	749	825	853	880	889	3.2	5.7	6.3	6.5	6.7	6.7
Durable goods	223	393	462	480	494	481	2.9	4.9	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.9
Nondurable goods	179	356	364	373	386	408	3.8	7.1	7.2	7.4	7.6	8.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,250	1,562	1,644	1,687	1,943	1,850	4.6	5.4	5.7	5.8	6.6	6.3
Wholesale trade	172	256	285	277	274	260	3.0	4.3	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.4
Retail trade	781	899	955	1,020	1,195	1,100	5.0	5.6	5.9	6.3	7.2	6.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	296	406	404	390	474	490	4.8	6.1	6.1	5.9	7.0	7.2
Information	86	102	114	140	161	174	3.2	3.7	4.0	4.9	5.6	6.0
Financial activities	308	346	416	392	346	548	3.4	3.8	4.5	4.3	3.8	5.8
Finance and insurance	235	264	292	289	246	362	3.5	3.9	4.3	4.2	3.6	5.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	74	82	124	103	100	186	3.3	3.5	5.2	4.3	4.2	7.5
Professional and business services	1,184	1,421	1,591	1,562	1,719	1,833	5.7	6.4	7.1	7.0	7.6	8.1
Education and health services	1,214	1,431	1,529	1,630	1,700	1,981	5.0	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.7	7.7
Educational services	83	144	130	169	201	188	2.4	4.0	3.6	4.6	5.4	5.0
Health care and social assistance	1,131	1,287	1,400	1,461	1,498	1,792	5.5	6.1	6.5	6.8	7.0	8.2
Leisure and hospitality	859	1,195	1,405	1,511	1,685	1,819	6.3	8.0	9.1	9.5	10.2	10.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	206	247	194	216	235	5.6	10.3	11.5	9.0	9.6	10.1
Accommodation and food services	762	989	1,159	1,317	1,469	1,584	6.4	7.7	8.7	9.6	10.3	10.8
Other services	299	275	364	483	425	427	5.3	4.7	6.1	8.0	7.0	7.0
Government	803	843	930	882	959	1,053	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.6
Federal	286	126	143	126	119	116	9.0	4.2	4.7	4.2	4.0	3.9
State and local	516	717	787	756	840	936	2.7	3.7	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.7
State and local education	156	267	288	322	446	460	1.6	2.7	2.9	3.2	4.3	4.3
State and local, excluding education	360	450	500	433	394	477	3.9	4.8	5.3	4.6	4.2	5.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,162	1,524	1,645	1,694	1,746	2,026	4.4	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.2	7.0
South	2,499	3,163	3,509	3,594	3,888	4,114	4.6	5.6	6.2	6.3	6.8	7.1
Midwest	1,562	1,783	2,069	2,064	2,227	2,300	4.9	5.4	6.2	6.2	6.6	6.7
West	1,495	1,818	1,970	2,131	2,323	2,495	4.4	5.1	5.5	5.9	6.4	6.8
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	6,237	6,006	6,012	6,022	6,827	6,667	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.7	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,893	5,646	5,661	5,703	6,398	6,166	5.0	4.6	4.6	4.6	5.2	4.9
Mining and logging	25	31	21	23	25	24	4.2	5.0	3.5	3.8	4.0	3.8
Construction	389	442	328	304	371	384	5.4	5.9	4.4	4.1	5.0	5.2
Manufacturing	362	434	399	427	483	441	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.9	3.6
Durable goods	200	255	216	235	280	239	2.7	3.3	2.8	3.1	3.7	3.1
Nondurable goods	162	180	183	192	203	202	3.6	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,256	1,156	1,210	1,271	1,585	1,302	4.8	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.8	4.8
Wholesale trade	130	148	170	163	175	184	2.3	2.6	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.2
Retail trade	786	755	793	832	1,126	849	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.5	7.3	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	340	252	246	277	283	269	5.7	4.0	3.9	4.4	4.5	4.3
Information	87	94	101	99	91	98	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.6
Financial activities	265	209	211	201	209	218	3.1	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5
Finance and insurance	134	132	141	130	139	142	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	131	77	70	70	70	76	6.0	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3
Professional and business services	1,100	1,129	1,056	1,049	1,163	1,253	5.6	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.6	6.0
Education and health services	846	754	749	760	796	780	3.7	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3
Educational services	99	114	88	102	128	105	2.9	3.3	2.5	2.9	3.6	2.9
Health care and social assistance	747	640	661	658	667	675	3.8	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,359	1,172	1,336	1,346	1,392	1,397	10.6	8.5	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	192	157	187	186	180	187	11.8	8.8	9.8	9.5	8.8	8.9
Accommodation and food services	1,167	1,015	1,150	1,160	1,212	1,211	10.4	8.5	9.4	9.3	9.5	9.3
Other services	204	226	249	222	284	268	3.8	4.1	4.5	4.0	5.0	4.7
Government	344	360	351	319	429	502	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.0	2.3
Federal	73	35	43	35	36	57	2.5	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.3	2.0
State and local	271	325	308	284	393	444	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.1	2.3
State and local education	132	162	159	180	267	300	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.8	2.7	2.9
State and local, excluding education	139	164	149	104	126	145	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,146	997	961	880	1,021	1,005	4.5	3.8	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.8
South	2,302	2,295	2,359	2,442	2,647	2,642	4.5	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.9
Midwest	1,368	1,295	1,290	1,278	1,641	1,538	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.1	5.2	4.8
West	1,421	1,419	1,401	1,421	1,519	1,482	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	5,392	5,436	5,803	5,330	5,612	5,786	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,949	5,100	5,478	5,047	5,350	5,515	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.4
Mining and logging	25	14	20	21	19	17	4.2	2.3	3.3	3.4	3.0	2.6
Construction	347	358	349	334	379	391	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.5	5.1	5.3
Manufacturing	378	402	427	380	427	423	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.4
Durable goods	220	229	240	199	237	223	2.9	3.0	3.2	2.6	3.1	2.9
Nondurable goods	158	172	187	181	191	200	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,126	1,120	1,313	1,174	1,267	1,273	4.3	4.1	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.7
Wholesale trade	137	141	169	142	142	172	2.5	2.5	3.0	2.5	2.5	3.0
Retail trade	713	726	832	768	861	879	4.8	4.8	5.5	5.0	5.6	5.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	276	253	312	264	265	222	4.7	4.0	5.0	4.2	4.2	3.5
Information	64	89	84	78	88	80	2.5	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.2	2.9
Financial activities	208	198	200	195	203	204	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	129	132	139	135	143	139	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	80	66	61	60	60	65	3.7	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8
Professional and business services	1,058	1,058	1,126	969	1,100	1,199	5.4	5.1	5.4	4.7	5.3	5.7
Education and health services	706	678	721	691	719	701	3.1	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.0
Educational services	82	80	92	68	65	67	2.4	2.3	2.7	1.9	1.8	1.9
Health care and social assistance	624	598	628	624	654	633	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	844	981	1,021	987	955	995	6.6	7.1	7.2	6.9	6.5	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	132	116	108	122	120	125	8.1	6.4	5.7	6.2	5.9	5.9
Accommodation and food services	712	865	913	866	834	870	6.4	7.2	7.5	7.0	6.5	6.7
Other services	194	203	218	216	193	233	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.4	4.1
Government	443	335	325	284	262	271	2.1	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2
Federal	45	36	38	44	50	41	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.4
State and local	397	299	287	240	212	229	2.1	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.2
State and local education	263	149	143	104	57	75	2.7	1.5	1.5	1.1	0.6	0.7
State and local, excluding education	135	150	144	136	155	154	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	812	815	838	784	815	913	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.4
South	1,999	2,197	2,350	2,119	2,219	2,282	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2
Midwest	1,233	1,200	1,268	1,209	1,296	1,281	4.1	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.0
West	1,348	1,223	1,347	1,218	1,281	1,310	4.1	3.6	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	3,182	3,568	3,992	3,630	3,870	3,977	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,936	3,387	3,810	3,470	3,713	3,815	2.5	2.8	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1
Mining and logging	10	9	11	10	12	10	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.5
Construction	145	198	176	156	185	199	2.0	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.7
Manufacturing	191	262	286	245	304	295	1.6	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.4
Durable goods	106	150	155	120	163	152	1.4	2.0	2.0	1.6	2.1	2.0
Nondurable goods	85	113	132	126	141	143	1.9	2.4	2.8	2.7	3.0	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	757	787	947	851	905	956	2.9	2.9	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5
Wholesale trade	89	89	111	90	105	139	1.6	1.6	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.4
Retail trade	524	543	629	596	637	678	3.6	3.6	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	144	155	206	166	164	139	2.4	2.5	3.3	2.6	2.6	2.2
Information	38	57	52	45	48	50	1.4	2.1	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.8
Financial activities	94	122	141	121	127	133	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	57	80	102	86	78	82	0.9	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	42	40	35	49	52	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.2	2.3
Professional and business services	572	613	763	614	684	684	2.9	2.9	3.7	3.0	3.3	3.3
Education and health services	488	507	551	523	548	568	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4
Educational services	41	46	52	51	46	51	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	447	460	499	472	502	516	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	519	703	752	762	772	780	4.0	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	39	52	57	59	66	70	2.4	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.3
Accommodation and food services	480	650	695	703	706	710	4.3	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.4
Other services	121	129	131	143	128	141	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.5
Government	246	181	182	160	156	162	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Federal	19	16	18	22	25	20	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.7
State and local	227	164	165	138	131	142	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local education	147	84	84	64	34	48	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.3	0.5
State and local, excluding education	80	80	81	74	97	94	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	438	491	507	458	531	579	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7	2.0	2.2
South	1,202	1,505	1,696	1,487	1,561	1,584	2.3	2.8	3.2	2.8	2.9	2.9
Midwest	790	780	873	827	889	898	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.8
West	752	792	916	858	888	915	2.3	2.3	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	1,845	1,525	1,450	1,353	1,354	1,459	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,741	1,433	1,365	1,281	1,300	1,399	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mining and logging	14	4	7	8	6	5	2.3	0.6	1.2	1.3	0.9	0.8
Construction	189	149	158	160	183	177	2.6	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.4
Manufacturing	165	119	112	110	101	109	1.4	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	101	65	65	64	59	60	1.3	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	63	54	47	45	42	49	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	310	279	278	278	298	264	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Wholesale trade	45	41	45	45	26	27	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.5
Retail trade	166	148	148	149	189	165	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	100	90	85	84	83	72	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1
Information	22	27	24	27	30	26	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
Financial activities	80	63	38	43	42	40	0.9	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	45	40	21	24	37	29	0.7	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	35	23	17	19	4	10	1.6	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.5
Professional and business services	414	357	292	278	307	414	2.1	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.5	2.0
Education and health services	185	130	142	122	115	96	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4
Educational services	39	29	35	14	15	14	1.2	0.8	1.0	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health care and social assistance	146	102	107	108	100	81	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	298	244	235	199	160	182	2.3	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	90	61	48	55	53	52	5.5	3.4	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.5
Accommodation and food services	208	182	187	144	106	130	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.2	0.8	1.0
Other services	65	61	77	57	59	86	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.5
Government	104	92	86	72	54	61	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	12	9	9	9	10	8	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local	92	83	77	63	43	52	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local education	63	42	39	27	15	19	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	29	41	38	36	29	33	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	313	263	269	273	216	257	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.0
South	660	562	519	491	518	565	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
Midwest	369	349	321	315	324	304	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
West	503	351	341	274	295	334	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	Mar. 2021	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	365	343	360	347	389	350	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	273	280	303	295	337	302	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	2	3	1	2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3
Construction	12	10	14	19	11	15	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	23	21	28	25	22	19	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	15	21	15	14	10	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	9	6	8	10	8	8	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	58	53	88	45	64	53	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	2	11	12	8	12	7	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	23	35	55	23	34	36	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	32	7	20	14	17	11	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Information	5	4	8	6	11	5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	34	13	21	31	34	30	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	26	13	16	25	27	28	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	8	1	4	6	7	2	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1
Professional and business services	72	89	71	76	109	101	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5
Education and health services	33	41	28	47	55	38	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	1	5	6	3	4	2	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	31	36	22	44	52	36	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	27	35	34	26	24	32	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	3	7	1	3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	24	33	31	19	23	30	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	8	13	10	16	7	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1
Government	92	63	57	52	52	48	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	14	11	12	13	14	13	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local	79	51	46	39	38	35	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	52	23	20	13	8	8	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	26	28	25	27	30	27	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	60	62	62	53	68	76	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	138	129	135	140	140	133	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Midwest	75	71	74	67	83	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
West	92	80	90	87	98	61	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	7,201	10,425	11,664	4.9	6.6	7.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,322	9,400	10,502	5.1	7.0	7.7
Mining and logging	18	27	43	2.9	4.1	6.3
Construction	325	344	344	4.2	4.3	4.3
Manufacturing	436	937	942	3.5	7.0	7.0
Durable goods	237	535	498	3.0	6.5	6.1
Nondurable goods	199	402	444	4.2	7.9	8.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,387	2,003	2,024	5.0	6.8	6.9
Wholesale trade	201	287	290	3.5	4.8	4.8
Retail trade	876	1,228	1,217	5.6	7.4	7.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	488	516	5.0	7.2	7.6
Information	100	152	194	3.7	5.3	6.6
Financial activities	323	334	572	3.6	3.6	6.0
Finance and insurance	237	229	372	3.5	3.4	5.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	86	105	199	3.7	4.4	7.9
Professional and business services	1,239	1,715	1,905	5.9	7.6	8.3
Education and health services	1,272	1,681	2,057	5.3	6.7	8.1
Educational services	104	202	212	3.2	5.7	6.0
Health care and social assistance	1,169	1,479	1,845	5.7	6.9	8.4
Leisure and hospitality	912	1,775	1,954	6.4	10.3	11.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	223	229	4.2	8.9	8.7
Accommodation and food services	830	1,552	1,725	6.7	10.6	11.4
Other services	311	431	468	5.5	7.0	7.5
Government	879	1,026	1,162	4.1	4.5	5.3
Federal	293	122	123	9.1	4.1	4.1
State and local	586	903	1,039	3.3	4.6	5.5
State and local education	224	504	557	2.6	5.0	6.0
State and local, excluding education	362	399	481	3.8	4.2	5.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,227	1,772	2,111	4.6	6.2	7.3
South	2,703	3,967	4,395	5.0	6.9	7.5
Midwest	1,639	2,278	2,448	5.2	6.7	7.2
West	1,632	2,408	2,710	4.8	6.6	7.3
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	6,818	7,809	7,379	4.9	5.3	5.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,429	7,321	6,829	5.4	5.9	5.4
Mining and logging	26	29	26	4.4	4.6	4.0
Construction	440	441	441	5.9	5.8	5.8
Manufacturing	399	554	485	3.3	4.5	3.9
Durable goods	215	317	255	2.9	4.1	3.3
Nondurable goods	184	238	230	4.0	5.1	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,293	1,644	1,369	4.9	6.0	5.0
Wholesale trade	143	195	204	2.6	3.4	3.6
Retail trade	812	1,171	906	5.5	7.6	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	338	278	259	5.8	4.4	4.2
Information	94	96	107	3.6	3.5	3.9
Financial activities	292	240	246	3.4	2.7	2.8
Finance and insurance	152	156	162	2.3	2.4	2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	140	84	84	6.3	3.6	3.6
Professional and business services	1,186	1,329	1,355	6.0	6.3	6.4
Education and health services	959	847	917	4.2	3.6	3.9
Educational services	130	134	136	4.2	4.0	4.1
Health care and social assistance	830	713	781	4.3	3.6	3.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,498	1,766	1,570	11.2	11.5	9.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	208	303	209	11.1	13.3	8.7
Accommodation and food services	1,291	1,462	1,361	11.2	11.2	10.1
Other services	241	375	312	4.5	6.5	5.4
Government	389	488	550	1.9	2.3	2.6
Federal	73	37	58	2.5	1.3	2.0
State and local	316	451	492	1.8	2.4	2.8
State and local education	155	235	325	1.9	2.4	3.7
State and local, excluding education	162	216	168	1.8	2.4	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,328	1,270	1,191	5.2	4.8	4.5
South	2,475	2,966	2,910	4.8	5.5	5.4
Midwest	1,442	1,836	1,605	4.8	5.8	5.1
West	1,574	1,737	1,673	4.8	5.1	4.9
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	5,819	5,820	6,209	4.2	4.0	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,296	5,482	5,912	4.5	4.4	4.7
Mining and logging	26	15	18	4.3	2.4	2.7
Construction	362	352	411	4.9	4.6	5.4
Manufacturing	395	426	437	3.3	3.4	3.5
Durable goods	234	234	230	3.1	3.0	3.0
Nondurable goods	161	193	206	3.5	4.1	4.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,152	1,237	1,292	4.4	4.5	4.7
Wholesale trade	151	142	184	2.7	2.5	3.2
Retail trade	723	861	911	4.9	5.6	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	278	234	197	4.8	3.7	3.2
Information	69	93	84	2.6	3.4	3.0
Financial activities	223	215	221	2.6	2.4	2.5
Finance and insurance	132	140	147	2.0	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	75	74	4.1	3.3	3.2
Professional and business services	1,086	1,123	1,256	5.5	5.4	6.0
Education and health services	826	832	821	3.7	3.6	3.5
Educational services	107	111	85	3.4	3.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	719	721	736	3.7	3.6	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	935	985	1,103	7.0	6.4	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	125	99	121	6.7	4.3	5.1
Accommodation and food services	810	886	982	7.0	6.8	7.3
Other services	223	202	270	4.1	3.5	4.7
Government	523	338	297	2.6	1.6	1.4
Federal	45	48	39	1.5	1.7	1.3
State and local	478	290	258	2.7	1.5	1.4
State and local education	336	123	96	4.0	1.3	1.1
State and local, excluding education	142	167	162	1.6	1.8	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	824	858	920	3.3	3.2	3.5
South	2,226	2,299	2,515	4.4	4.3	4.7
Midwest	1,303	1,330	1,326	4.3	4.2	4.2
West	1,467	1,332	1,448	4.5	3.9	4.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	3,634	4,122	4,491	2.6	2.8	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,357	3,912	4,314	2.8	3.1	3.4
Mining and logging	12	11	12	2.1	1.8	1.9
Construction	185	192	243	2.5	2.5	3.2
Manufacturing	214	312	317	1.8	2.5	2.5
Durable goods	118	164	160	1.6	2.1	2.1
Nondurable goods	96	148	157	2.1	3.1	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	816	932	1,030	3.1	3.4	3.8
Wholesale trade	95	108	145	1.7	1.9	2.5
Retail trade	558	667	732	3.8	4.4	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	163	157	153	2.8	2.5	2.5
Information	42	45	56	1.6	1.6	2.0
Financial activities	108	132	149	1.2	1.5	1.7
Finance and insurance	68	76	93	1.0	1.2	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	56	57	1.8	2.4	2.4
Professional and business services	628	730	753	3.2	3.5	3.6
Education and health services	559	598	656	2.5	2.6	2.8
Educational services	56	69	65	1.8	2.1	2.0
Health care and social assistance	503	529	591	2.6	2.6	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	639	829	921	4.8	5.4	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	56	72	90	3.0	3.2	3.8
Accommodation and food services	582	757	831	5.1	5.8	6.2
Other services	154	131	177	2.9	2.3	3.1
Government	277	210	177	1.4	1.0	0.8
Federal	19	25	19	0.6	0.9	0.7
State and local	258	185	157	1.5	1.0	0.9
State and local education	172	73	54	2.1	0.8	0.6
State and local, excluding education	87	112	103	1.0	1.2	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	483	575	628	1.9	2.2	2.4
South	1,417	1,659	1,834	2.8	3.1	3.4
Midwest	880	942	991	2.9	3.0	3.1
West	854	945	1,038	2.6	2.8	3.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	1,789	1,286	1,341	1.3	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,658	1,231	1,278	1.4	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	13	3	4	2.1	0.4	0.6
Construction	166	153	153	2.2	2.0	2.0
Manufacturing	156	92	100	1.3	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	101	55	59	1.3	0.7	0.8
Nondurable goods	55	37	41	1.2	0.8	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	273	245	203	1.0	0.9	0.7
Wholesale trade	52	23	30	0.9	0.4	0.5
Retail trade	140	162	141	1.0	1.1	0.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	81	60	32	1.4	1.0	0.5
Information	22	37	24	0.8	1.4	0.9
Financial activities	82	45	40	0.9	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	40	38	25	0.6	0.6	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	42	8	15	1.9	0.3	0.7
Professional and business services	384	287	391	1.9	1.4	1.9
Education and health services	231	174	127	1.0	0.7	0.5
Educational services	46	33	16	1.5	1.0	0.5
Health care and social assistance	185	141	111	0.9	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	270	133	149	2.0	0.9	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	66	26	29	3.5	1.1	1.2
Accommodation and food services	205	107	121	1.8	0.8	0.9
Other services	61	62	86	1.1	1.1	1.5
Government	130	55	63	0.6	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	9	7	0.4	0.3	0.2
State and local	118	46	56	0.7	0.2	0.3
State and local education	95	26	30	1.1	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	23	20	26	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	272	210	204	1.1	0.8	0.8
South	670	498	551	1.3	0.9	1.0
Midwest	346	300	254	1.1	0.9	0.8
West	502	279	332	1.5	0.8	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)	July 2020	June 2021	July 2021(p)
Total	396	412	377	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	281	339	320	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	1	1	2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Construction	11	7	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	24	22	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	14	12	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	8	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	63	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	4	11	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	25	32	38	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	34	16	12	0.6	0.3	0.2
Information	5	11	4	0.2	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	33	38	32	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	24	26	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	12	2	0.4	0.5	0.1
Professional and business services	74	107	111	0.4	0.5	0.5
Education and health services	36	61	38	0.2	0.3	0.2
Educational services	4	9	4	0.1	0.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	32	52	34	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	26	23	33	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	1	2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Accommodation and food services	23	22	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	8	9	6	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	115	73	57	0.6	0.3	0.3
Federal	14	14	13	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	102	60	44	0.6	0.3	0.2
State and local education	70	24	12	0.8	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	32	35	32	0.3	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	70	74	87	0.3	0.3	0.3
South	138	142	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Midwest	76	88	81	0.3	0.3	0.3
West	112	108	78	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.