Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 09-1097
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
JoltsInfo@bls.gov
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Wednesday, September 9, 2009
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JULY 2009
On the last business day of July, the number of job openings in
the U.S. was little changed at a series low level of 2.4 million, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today. The hires rate was little changed and remained low at 3.1
percent in July. The total separations rate remained at a series low
of 3.3 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm
sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The job openings rate was little changed in July at a rate of 1.8
percent. The number of job openings has fallen by 2.4 million, or 50
percent, since the most recent peak in June 2007. The job openings
rate was little changed in July in every industry except retail where
the rate declined. The job openings rate decreased in the Northeast
and was little changed in the remaining regions. (See table 1.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,912 |2,513 |2,392 |4,715 |3,919 |4,059 |4,847 |4,306 |4,292
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|3,552 |2,163 |2,062 |4,426 |3,654 |3,772 |4,588 |3,939 |4,030
Construction.....| 126 | 56 | 45 | 394 | 277 | 346 | 425 | 355 | 414
Manufacturing....| 257 | 113 | 111 | 271 | 225 | 259 | 332 | 352 | 336
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 686 | 469 | 380 |1,002 | 744 | 811 |1,058 | 816 | 880
Retail trade....| 400 | 308 | 234 | 686 | 519 | 543 | 728 | 549 | 588
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 696 | 445 | 422 | 850 | 644 | 710 | 891 | 698 | 762
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 818 | 531 | 534 | 557 | 530 | 498 | 508 | 489 | 474
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 457 | 276 | 282 | 826 | 695 | 669 | 841 | 696 | 671
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 58 | 19 | 30 | 121 | 107 | 90 | 129 | 115 | 90
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 403 | 254 | 254 | 702 | 590 | 576 | 712 | 594 | 578
Government(3).....| 410 | 322 | 321 | 303 | 262 | 283 | 299 | 340 | 276
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 341 | 273 | 270 | 275 | 237 | 253 | 273 | 272 | 253
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 3.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7
Construction.....| 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.7
Manufacturing....| 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.8
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.5
Retail trade....| 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.0
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 4.6
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 3.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.1
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 2.9 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 4.8
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.1
Government(3).....| 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.2
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
- 3 -
Over the 12 months ending in July, the job openings rates (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased for total nonfarm, total private,
government, and the majority of industries. The exceptions were
information and arts, entertainment, and recreation, in which the
rates were little changed. All four regions experienced a drop in the
job openings rate over the 12 months ending in July. (See table 5.)
Hires
The hires level was little changed at 4.1 million in July but has
declined by 1.6 million, or 28 percent, since the most recent peak in
July 2006. The hires rate was 3.1 percent in July and little changed
from June. The hires rate increased over the month in construction.
(See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in July, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) declined for total nonfarm and total private. The hires
rate decreased for retail trade; health care and social assistance;
and accommodation and food services. The hires rate was little
changed in the remaining industries. The hires rate fell over the
past 12 months in the South and was little changed in the remaining
regions. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged in July
and remained low at 3.3 percent. The total separations rate (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12 months ending in July for
total nonfarm, total private, and government. Total separations
includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges
(involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. The rate was little changed in July at 1.3
percent. The quits level was 1.7 million in July, which is 45 percent
lower than the most recent peak in December 2006. (See table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in July, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was lower for total nonfarm, total private, government, the
majority of industries, and all four regions. The industries for
which the quits rates were little changed over the year include
transportation, warehousing, and utilities; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; other services; and
federal government. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges level was little
changed in July at 2.3 million for total nonfarm. The level for total
private increased to 2.2 million and decreased to 114,000 for
government. The corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.8
percent, 2.1 percent, and 0.5 percent, respectively. The number of
layoffs and discharges in July was 46 percent higher than the recent
low point in January 2006. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted)
increased over the 12 months ending in July for total nonfarm and
total private and was little changed for government. The layoffs and
discharges rate rose in mining and logging; construction; durable
goods manufacturing; nondurable goods manufacturing; professional and
business services; and educational services. The layoffs and
discharges rate increased in the West and was little changed in the
remaining regions. (See table 9.)
- 4 -
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,998 | 2,141 | 2,327 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8
Total private.....| 1,909 | 1,975 | 2,234 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.1
Government....... | 107 | 163 | 114 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In
July, there were 350,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 270,000
for total private, and 81,000 for government. Compared to July 2008,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative
contribution of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. The percentage of total separations at the
total nonfarm level attributable to the individual components has
varied over time. The proportion of separations due to quits declined
from 61 percent in January 2007 to a series low of 38 percent in April
2009. It then rose slightly and stood at 40 percent in July 2009. The
proportion of layoffs and discharges reached a series high of 54
percent in March 2009 and April 2009 then dropped slightly before
returning to 54 percent in July 2009. (See tables 3 and 4, and table
B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 51.3 million and
separations totaled 56.6 million, yielding a net employment loss of
5.3 million.
________________________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for August 2009 is
scheduled to be issued on Friday, October 9.
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
- 6 -
of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 7 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 8 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 3,912 2,973 2,633 2,513 2,523 2,513 2,392 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,552 2,606 2,269 2,042 2,191 2,163 2,062 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9
Construction........................... 126 58 51 29 39 56 45 1.7 .9 .8 .5 .6 .9 .7
Manufacturing.......................... 257 141 115 95 105 113 111 1.9 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 686 488 414 332 466 469 380 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.5
Retail trade.......................... 400 334 265 205 319 308 234 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.6
Professional and business services..... 696 482 428 461 451 445 422 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5
Education and health services.......... 818 589 537 515 530 531 534 4.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 457 332 289 322 265 276 282 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 58 30 25 22 20 19 30 2.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.5
Accommodation and food services....... 403 302 263 312 239 254 254 3.4 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.2
Government(6)........................... 410 367 353 461 310 322 321 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 341 317 291 307 267 273 270 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 752 607 583 520 554 609 501 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.0
South.................................. 1,459 1,109 1,000 942 888 882 840 2.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7
Midwest................................ 770 563 499 512 512 496 538 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8
West................................... 986 638 556 570 544 561 519 3.1 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,715 4,339 4,099 4,117 3,942 3,919 4,059 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,426 4,042 3,799 3,822 3,739 3,654 3,772 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5
Construction........................... 394 370 343 341 365 277 346 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.5 5.6
Manufacturing.......................... 271 257 244 236 206 225 259 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,002 814 883 888 842 744 811 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 686 563 595 655 575 519 543 4.5 3.8 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.7
Professional and business services..... 850 730 668 733 721 644 710 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3
Education and health services.......... 557 527 483 475 473 530 498 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6
Leisure and hospitality................ 826 704 693 691 695 695 669 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 121 89 85 86 83 107 90 6.2 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 5.7 4.7
Accommodation and food services....... 702 614 607 603 606 590 576 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1
Government(6)........................... 303 275 271 340 273 262 283 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3
State and local government............. 275 252 247 246 257 237 253 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 763 837 696 729 712 735 700 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8
South.................................. 1,726 1,566 1,458 1,619 1,423 1,428 1,432 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0
Midwest................................ 1,079 904 943 901 867 839 929 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.1
West................................... 1,128 960 931 949 995 917 989 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.4
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,847 4,833 4,712 4,641 4,356 4,306 4,292 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,588 4,555 4,434 4,362 4,066 3,939 4,030 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.7
Construction........................... 425 463 463 437 411 355 414 5.9 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.5 5.7 6.7
Manufacturing.......................... 332 424 401 390 367 352 336 2.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,058 920 1,001 982 951 816 880 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 728 590 646 678 601 549 588 4.7 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.1 3.7 4.0
Professional and business services..... 891 951 778 839 771 698 762 5.0 5.6 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.6
Education and health services.......... 508 498 466 462 419 489 474 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 841 731 751 716 684 696 671 6.2 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 129 88 95 102 88 115 90 6.5 4.5 4.9 5.4 4.6 6.1 4.8
Accommodation and food services....... 712 635 649 612 596 594 578 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1
Government(6)........................... 299 271 265 255 288 340 276 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2
State and local government............. 273 251 251 243 250 272 253 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 844 783 878 700 774 799 675 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.7
South.................................. 1,819 1,742 1,741 1,682 1,565 1,535 1,558 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3
Midwest................................ 1,025 1,121 1,085 1,065 1,016 958 946 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2
West................................... 1,188 1,188 978 1,188 980 1,053 1,103 3.9 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.7
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 2,550 1,911 1,856 1,777 1,788 1,787 1,730 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,415 1,831 1,749 1,678 1,682 1,680 1,635 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Construction........................... 152 87 102 74 84 70 66 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 147 105 81 80 86 93 78 1.1 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 556 372 444 385 398 391 411 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6
Retail trade.......................... 397 323 344 271 296 299 289 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0
Professional and business services..... 473 310 278 272 281 257 255 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5
Education and health services.......... 295 258 249 228 249 264 247 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 565 431 433 430 396 429 380 4.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.3 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 57 36 35 41 45 46 28 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 1.5
Accommodation and food services....... 510 399 402 392 351 378 352 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.1
Government(6)........................... 135 115 107 99 107 111 97 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4
State and local government............. 127 110 106 96 97 99 92 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 402 271 273 263 303 279 234 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 .9
South.................................. 1,010 759 751 691 718 693 704 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5
Midwest................................ 574 468 431 410 397 403 405 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4
West................................... 568 453 408 453 398 434 392 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,280 2,496 2,560 3.0 1.8 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,822 2,149 2,209 3.2 1.9 2.0
Mining and Logging............................ 30 7 5 3.7 .9 .7
Construction.................................. 164 60 59 2.1 .9 .9
Manufacturing................................. 278 116 122 2.0 1.0 1.0
Durable goods................................ 163 60 67 1.9 .8 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 115 56 55 2.2 1.2 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 752 452 392 2.8 1.8 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 151 89 88 2.5 1.5 1.5
Retail trade................................. 460 293 248 2.9 1.9 1.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 140 69 57 2.7 1.4 1.2
Information................................... 78 47 57 2.5 1.6 2.0
Financial activities.......................... 275 148 165 3.2 1.9 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 198 117 122 3.2 2.0 2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 77 31 43 3.4 1.5 2.1
Professional and business services............ 747 419 444 4.0 2.4 2.6
Education and health services................. 852 511 558 4.4 2.6 2.9
Educational services......................... 94 66 52 3.3 2.2 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 759 446 506 4.6 2.7 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 477 267 304 3.3 1.9 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 54 17 29 2.3 .8 1.3
Accommodation and food services............. 423 250 275 3.4 2.1 2.3
Other services................................ 171 123 103 3.0 2.2 1.8
Government..................................... 458 348 351 2.1 1.5 1.6
Federal....................................... 76 46 59 2.7 1.6 2.0
State and local............................... 382 302 292 2.0 1.5 1.6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 781 598 512 3.0 2.3 2.0
South......................................... 1,601 859 900 3.1 1.8 1.9
Midwest....................................... 849 459 601 2.7 1.5 2.0
West.......................................... 1,049 581 547 3.3 1.9 1.8
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 5,236 4,534 4,518 3.8 3.4 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,906 4,179 4,201 4.2 3.8 3.8
Mining and Logging............................ 34 22 25 4.4 3.0 3.4
Construction.................................. 452 342 401 6.0 5.3 6.2
Manufacturing................................. 304 260 293 2.2 2.2 2.5
Durable goods................................ 173 125 149 2.0 1.7 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 131 135 144 2.6 2.9 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,049 786 849 4.0 3.1 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 161 127 135 2.7 2.2 2.4
Retail trade................................. 697 537 551 4.5 3.6 3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 191 123 163 3.8 2.6 3.4
Information................................... 64 71 66 2.1 2.5 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 257 206 230 3.1 2.6 2.9
Finance and insurance........................ 169 117 135 2.8 2.0 2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 88 89 95 4.0 4.4 4.7
Professional and business services............ 939 665 803 5.2 4.0 4.8
Education and health services................. 631 603 565 3.4 3.2 3.0
Educational services......................... 105 99 100 3.8 3.4 3.6
Health care and social assistance............ 526 504 465 3.3 3.1 2.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 917 863 734 6.5 6.3 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 135 171 98 5.9 8.0 4.5
Accommodation and food services............. 782 693 635 6.6 6.0 5.4
Other services................................ 260 360 235 4.6 6.6 4.3
Government..................................... 330 355 316 1.5 1.6 1.5
Federal....................................... 33 30 40 1.2 1.1 1.4
State and local............................... 297 325 276 1.6 1.7 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 906 903 830 3.5 3.6 3.4
South......................................... 1,894 1,611 1,555 3.8 3.4 3.3
Midwest....................................... 1,156 961 1,005 3.7 3.2 3.4
West.......................................... 1,279 1,058 1,127 4.2 3.6 3.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 5,442 4,166 4,744 4.0 3.1 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,045 3,686 4,376 4.4 3.3 4.0
Mining and Logging............................ 25 19 22 3.1 2.6 3.0
Construction.................................. 458 313 446 6.1 4.9 6.9
Manufacturing................................. 348 315 316 2.6 2.6 2.7
Durable goods................................ 209 192 165 2.5 2.6 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 138 123 151 2.8 2.7 3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,109 724 908 4.2 2.9 3.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 176 113 148 2.9 2.0 2.6
Retail trade................................. 734 486 584 4.8 3.3 4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 198 125 176 3.9 2.6 3.7
Information................................... 79 72 84 2.6 2.5 2.9
Financial activities.......................... 265 161 238 3.2 2.1 3.0
Finance and insurance........................ 172 102 142 2.8 1.8 2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 93 59 96 4.2 2.9 4.7
Professional and business services............ 949 637 815 5.3 3.8 4.9
Education and health services................. 616 536 576 3.3 2.8 3.0
Educational services......................... 102 96 115 3.7 3.3 4.1
Health care and social assistance............ 515 441 461 3.3 2.7 2.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 936 694 736 6.6 5.1 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 115 92 77 5.1 4.3 3.5
Accommodation and food services............. 821 603 659 6.9 5.2 5.7
Other services................................ 260 215 234 4.6 3.9 4.3
Government..................................... 397 480 369 1.9 2.1 1.7
Federal....................................... 20 66 21 .7 2.3 .7
State and local............................... 377 414 348 2.0 2.1 1.9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 946 794 756 3.7 3.2 3.1
South......................................... 2,066 1,465 1,745 4.2 3.1 3.7
Midwest....................................... 1,111 878 992 3.6 2.9 3.3
West.......................................... 1,320 1,029 1,252 4.3 3.5 4.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 3,051 1,871 2,061 2.2 1.4 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,878 1,721 1,941 2.5 1.6 1.8
Mining and Logging............................ 15 6 5 1.9 .9 .7
Construction.................................. 215 75 92 2.9 1.2 1.4
Manufacturing................................. 169 90 87 1.2 .8 .7
Durable goods................................ 87 41 35 1.0 .6 .5
Nondurable goods............................. 82 49 51 1.6 1.1 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 612 366 453 2.3 1.4 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 102 41 60 1.7 .7 1.0
Retail trade................................. 433 281 310 2.8 1.9 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 77 45 83 1.5 .9 1.7
Information................................... 48 27 46 1.6 .9 1.6
Financial activities.......................... 114 66 90 1.4 .8 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 78 46 56 1.3 .8 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 20 34 1.7 1.0 1.7
Professional and business services............ 537 280 306 3.0 1.7 1.8
Education and health services................. 361 271 302 1.9 1.4 1.6
Educational services......................... 42 41 30 1.5 1.4 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 320 230 272 2.0 1.4 1.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 696 427 461 4.9 3.1 3.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 77 50 38 3.4 2.3 1.8
Accommodation and food services............. 619 378 423 5.2 3.3 3.6
Other services................................ 111 111 99 2.0 2.0 1.8
Government..................................... 173 151 120 .8 .7 .6
Federal....................................... 7 16 3 .3 .6 .1
State and local............................... 166 135 117 .9 .7 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 502 291 292 2.0 1.2 1.2
South......................................... 1,201 705 838 2.4 1.5 1.8
Midwest....................................... 645 403 455 2.1 1.3 1.5
West.......................................... 703 472 476 2.3 1.6 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,031 1,931 2,332 1.5 1.5 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,878 1,710 2,165 1.6 1.6 2.0
Mining and Logging............................ 7 11 15 .9 1.5 2.0
Construction.................................. 228 229 342 3.0 3.6 5.3
Manufacturing................................. 153 190 209 1.1 1.6 1.8
Durable goods................................ 107 126 118 1.3 1.7 1.6
Nondurable goods............................. 46 64 91 .9 1.4 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 403 314 388 1.5 1.2 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 61 68 80 1.0 1.2 1.4
Retail trade................................. 250 174 227 1.6 1.2 1.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 92 72 81 1.8 1.5 1.7
Information................................... 23 39 35 .8 1.4 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 125 90 133 1.5 1.2 1.7
Finance and insurance........................ 72 52 79 1.2 .9 1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 54 38 54 2.5 1.9 2.7
Professional and business services............ 370 308 441 2.1 1.8 2.6
Education and health services................. 227 209 239 1.2 1.1 1.3
Educational services......................... 58 48 80 2.1 1.7 2.9
Health care and social assistance............ 169 161 159 1.1 1.0 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 210 231 248 1.5 1.7 1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 34 38 35 1.5 1.8 1.6
Accommodation and food services............. 176 194 213 1.5 1.7 1.8
Other services................................ 131 88 117 2.3 1.6 2.1
Government..................................... 153 221 168 .7 1.0 .8
Federal....................................... 6 20 4 .2 .7 .1
State and local............................... 147 201 164 .8 1.0 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 360 418 382 1.4 1.7 1.5
South......................................... 737 632 783 1.5 1.3 1.7
Midwest....................................... 394 407 449 1.3 1.4 1.5
West.......................................... 539 474 719 1.8 1.6 2.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 360 364 350 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 289 255 270 .2 .2 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 3 2 2 .3 .3 .3
Construction.................................. 16 9 13 .2 .1 .2
Manufacturing................................. 26 35 20 .2 .3 .2
Durable goods................................ 15 25 12 .2 .3 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 11 10 9 .2 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 94 43 68 .4 .2 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 4 9 .2 .1 .2
Retail trade................................. 51 31 46 .3 .2 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 30 8 12 .6 .2 .3
Information................................... 8 6 3 .3 .2 .1
Financial activities.......................... 25 5 14 .3 .1 .2
Finance and insurance........................ 22 4 7 .4 .1 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 3 1 7 .1 (4) .3
Professional and business services............ 42 48 68 .2 .3 .4
Education and health services................. 28 56 36 .2 .3 .2
Educational services......................... 2 6 6 .1 .2 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 26 49 30 .2 .3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 30 36 28 .2 .3 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 4 4 .2 .2 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 26 31 24 .2 .3 .2
Other services................................ 18 16 19 .3 .3 .3
Government..................................... 71 109 81 .3 .5 .4
Federal....................................... 7 30 14 .2 1.1 .5
State and local............................... 64 78 67 .3 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 84 86 82 .3 .3 .3
South......................................... 128 128 124 .3 .3 .3
Midwest....................................... 72 68 89 .2 .2 .3
West.......................................... 76 82 55 .2 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 data round to zero
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
