For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, September 9, 2020	USDL-20-1691
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2020

The number of job openings increased to 6.6 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Hires decreased to 5.8 million in July. Total separations was little 
changed at 5.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate rose to 2.1 percent while the layoffs and 
discharges rate decreased to 1.2 percent. These changes in the labor market reflected an ongoing 
resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic 
and efforts to contain it. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, 
and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by four geographic regions.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the number and rate of job openings increased to 6.6 million 
(+617,000) and 4.5 percent, respectively. Job openings rose in a number of industries, with the largest 
increases in retail trade (+172,000), health care and social assistance (+146,000), and construction 
(+90,000). The number of job openings increased in the South and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                  Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2020 JOLTS Data	       	|
|											       	|
|Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus	| 
|(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and at 	|
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-july-2020.htm.			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In July, the number and rate of hires decreased to 5.8 million (-1,183,000) and 4.1 percent, respectively. 
Over the year, the hires level was little changed. Hires decreased in a number of industries, with the 
largest fall in accommodation and food services (-599,000), followed by other services (-143,000), and 
health care and social assistance (-137,000). Hires increased in federal government (+33,000), largely 
because of Census hiring. Hires also increased in real estate and rental and leasing (+26,000). The 
number of hires decreased in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In July, the number and rate of total separations was little changed at 5.0 million and 3.6 percent, 
respectively. Total separations increased in retail trade (+112,000) and in state and local government 
education (+49,000). The number of total separations decreased in durable goods manufacturing
(-44,000). Total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In July, the number and rate of quits increased to 2.9 million (+344,000) and 2.1 percent, respectively. 
Quits increased in retail trade (+152,000), professional and business services (+98,000), and state and 
local government education (+35,000). The number of quits increased in the Midwest and West regions. 
(See table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges decreased to 1.7 million (-274,000) and 1.2 percent, 
respectively in July. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in durable goods manufacturing
(-40,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-40,000), and wholesale trade (-21,000). The 
number of layoffs and discharges decreased in the Northeast and South regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July at 337,000. Other separations increased in a 
few industries, with the largest increases in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+35,000) and state 
and local government education (+16,000). Other separations decreased in health care and social 
assistance (-22,000). Other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 70.2 million and separations totaled 78.5 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 8.2 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 6, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				Upcoming Changes to JOLTS Series Codes					   |
|													   |
|JOLTS will be changing the structure of its series codes to allow for the publication of establishment    |
|size class data and the future publication of state data and potential publication of Metropolitan        |
|Statistical Area (MSA) data. These changes will occur with the release of JOLTS data on October 6, 2020.  |
|For more information on these changes, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_series_changes.htm.	           |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|     Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on July 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data      |
|													   |
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 percent|
|of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone respondents were   |
|asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to the inability to   |
|reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for July was 46 percent,   |
|while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.					   |
|													   |
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods starting in March and continuing through July to better reflect |
|the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of|
|monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES)   |
|employment estimates. For July estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the alignment process       |
|because the differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of|
|the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference month) led to substantially|
|different measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS   |
|survey, including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at                     |
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-july-2020.htm.                                |
|__________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,236	6,001	6,618	5,975	6,970	5,787	5,769	4,899	5,007
Total private	6,529	5,347	5,947	5,605	6,688	5,455	5,427	4,656	4,722
Mining and logging(1)	40	16	16	22	11	19	26	28	28
Construction(1)	353	244	334	379	499	400	381	343	354
Manufacturing	477	346	408	335	432	321	325	392	353
Durable goods(1)	282	179	213	185	254	155	177	241	197
Nondurable goods(1)	195	167	195	150	178	166	148	152	157
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,288	1,075	1,292	1,220	1,362	1,207	1,218	1,077	1,167
Wholesale trade	169	163	181	168	165	122	168	166	146
Retail trade	838	669	841	796	911	828	801	640	752
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	281	243	269	257	286	257	249	271	269
Information(1)	172	97	96	102	57	64	109	54	55
Financial activities	381	298	291	247	189	229	236	177	190
Finance and insurance	257	232	224	160	134	146	146	122	118
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	124	65	68	87	56	82	90	55	73
Professional and business services	1,287	1,077	1,200	1,195	1,175	1,136	1,144	926	1,008
Education and health services	1,325	1,089	1,262	763	899	748	674	603	584
Educational services(1)	145	90	117	109	116	102	84	55	67
Health care and social assistance	1,180	999	1,145	655	783	646	589	548	517
Leisure and hospitality	957	838	760	1,121	1,759	1,169	1,108	858	807
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	113	113	97	159	162	171	148	136	116
Accommodation and food services	844	725	663	962	1,597	998	959	722	691
Other services	249	268	287	220	305	162	206	199	175
Government	707	654	671	370	281	333	342	243	285
Federal(1)	129	112	132	38	40	73	37	42	46
State and local	579	542	539	332	241	260	305	200	239
State and local education	215	186	180	178	123	121	158	70	119
State and local, excluding education(1)	364	356	358	153	118	138	148	130	120
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.6	4.2	4.5	4.0	5.1	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.6
Total private	4.8	4.4	4.8	4.4	5.7	4.6	4.2	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging(1)	5.2	2.5	2.5	3.0	1.8	3.0	3.6	4.4	4.5
Construction(1)	4.5	3.3	4.4	5.1	7.0	5.6	5.1	4.8	4.9
Manufacturing	3.6	2.8	3.3	2.6	3.6	2.6	2.5	3.2	2.9
Durable goods(1)	3.4	2.3	2.7	2.3	3.4	2.0	2.2	3.2	2.6
Nondurable goods(1)	3.9	3.6	4.1	3.1	3.9	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	4.0	4.7	4.4	5.3	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.2	2.8	2.9	2.6
Retail trade	5.1	4.4	5.4	5.1	6.3	5.6	5.1	4.4	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.3	4.1	4.5	4.2	5.0	4.5	4.0	4.8	4.7
Information(1)	5.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	2.2	2.5	3.8	2.1	2.1
Financial activities	4.2	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.2	2.7	2.7	2.1	2.2
Finance and insurance	3.8	3.5	3.3	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.3	1.9	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	5.1	2.9	3.0	3.8	2.6	3.8	3.9	2.6	3.4
Professional and business services	5.7	5.2	5.7	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.4	4.7	5.1
Education and health services	5.2	4.6	5.2	3.2	3.9	3.3	2.8	2.6	2.5
Educational services(1)	3.7	2.5	3.3	2.9	3.4	2.9	2.2	1.6	1.9
Health care and social assistance	5.5	4.9	5.5	3.2	4.1	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	5.5	6.6	5.7	6.8	14.7	9.3	6.7	7.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.5	7.1	5.8	6.6	10.9	10.9	6.1	9.2	7.4
Accommodation and food services	5.6	6.5	5.7	6.8	15.3	9.1	6.8	6.9	6.3
Other services	4.0	4.9	5.1	3.7	5.9	3.0	3.5	3.9	3.3
Government	3.0	3.0	3.0	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.1	1.3
Federal(1)	4.3	3.7	4.3	1.3	1.4	2.5	1.3	1.5	1.6
State and local	2.8	2.9	2.8	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.1	1.3
State and local education	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.3	1.2	1.5	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.8	3.9	3.9	1.7	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	7,236	6,011	4,996	5,371	6,001	6,618	4.6	3.8	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,529	5,284	4,332	4,736	5,347	5,947	4.8	3.9	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.8
Mining and logging(3)	40	12	10	10	16	16	5.2	1.7	1.5	1.5	2.5	2.5
Construction(3)	353	240	247	315	244	334	4.5	3.1	3.6	4.3	3.3	4.4
Manufacturing	477	310	315	306	346	408	3.6	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.8	3.3
Durable goods(3)	282	178	170	166	179	213	3.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.7
Nondurable goods(3)	195	132	146	141	167	195	3.9	2.7	3.2	3.1	3.6	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,288	1,069	883	997	1,075	1,292	4.4	3.7	3.5	3.9	4.0	4.7
Wholesale trade	169	156	145	153	163	181	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.1
Retail trade	838	626	521	670	669	841	5.1	3.9	3.8	4.7	4.4	5.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	281	286	217	174	243	269	4.3	4.4	3.7	3.0	4.1	4.5
Information(3)	172	119	132	78	97	96	5.7	4.0	4.8	2.9	3.6	3.6
Financial activities	381	336	251	264	298	291	4.2	3.7	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.3
Finance and insurance	257	262	185	215	232	224	3.8	3.9	2.8	3.2	3.5	3.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	124	75	66	49	65	68	5.1	3.1	3.0	2.2	2.9	3.0
Professional and business services	1,287	1,192	982	976	1,077	1,200	5.7	5.3	4.9	4.8	5.2	5.7
Education and health services	1,325	1,193	1,051	975	1,089	1,262	5.2	4.6	4.6	4.2	4.6	5.2
Educational services(3)	145	106	102	78	90	117	3.7	2.7	3.0	2.3	2.5	3.3
Health care and social assistance	1,180	1,087	949	896	999	1,145	5.5	5.0	4.9	4.5	4.9	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	957	664	314	622	838	760	5.5	3.9	3.5	5.9	6.6	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	113	130	41	101	113	97	4.5	5.1	3.4	7.8	7.1	5.8
Accommodation and food services	844	534	273	521	725	663	5.6	3.7	3.5	5.6	6.5	5.7
Other services	249	147	147	194	268	287	4.0	2.4	3.1	3.9	4.9	5.1
Government	707	727	664	635	654	671	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0
Federal(3)	129	131	114	70	112	132	4.3	4.3	3.8	2.4	3.7	4.3
State and local	579	596	550	564	542	539	2.8	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8
State and local education	215	215	194	209	186	180	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.8
State and local, excluding education(3)	364	381	356	355	356	358	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,145	1,102	972	948	1,123	1,161	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.3	4.3
South	2,695	2,251	1,856	2,049	2,226	2,463	4.6	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.2	4.6
Midwest	1,694	1,286	1,067	1,123	1,329	1,557	4.9	3.8	3.6	3.7	4.2	4.9
West	1,702	1,373	1,101	1,251	1,323	1,438	4.6	3.7	3.5	3.9	4.0	4.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	5,975	5,111	4,047	7,199	6,970	5,787	4.0	3.4	3.1	5.4	5.1	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,605	4,744	3,812	6,952	6,688	5,455	4.4	3.7	3.5	6.2	5.7	4.6
Mining and logging	22	19	13	16	11	19	3.0	2.7	2.1	2.6	1.8	3.0
Construction	379	389	246	679	499	400	5.1	5.1	3.7	9.7	7.0	5.6
Manufacturing	335	299	326	523	432	321	2.6	2.3	2.8	4.5	3.6	2.6
Durable goods	185	159	161	286	254	155	2.3	2.0	2.3	3.9	3.4	2.0
Nondurable goods	150	140	166	236	178	166	3.1	2.9	3.8	5.3	3.9	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,220	1,137	1,025	1,341	1,362	1,207	4.4	4.1	4.2	5.4	5.3	4.6
Wholesale trade	168	136	117	187	165	122	2.8	2.3	2.1	3.4	2.9	2.2
Retail trade	796	764	723	886	911	828	5.1	4.9	5.4	6.5	6.3	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	257	237	185	268	286	257	4.2	3.8	3.3	4.8	5.0	4.5
Information	102	74	39	66	57	64	3.6	2.6	1.5	2.5	2.2	2.5
Financial activities	247	218	162	201	189	229	2.8	2.5	1.9	2.3	2.2	2.7
Finance and insurance	160	151	129	113	134	146	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	67	34	88	56	82	3.8	2.9	1.6	4.1	2.6	3.8
Professional and business services	1,195	1,103	800	938	1,175	1,136	5.6	5.1	4.2	4.8	6.0	5.7
Education and health services	763	663	545	1,093	899	748	3.2	2.7	2.5	4.9	3.9	3.3
Educational services	109	92	69	98	116	102	2.9	2.4	2.1	2.9	3.4	2.9
Health care and social assistance	655	571	477	995	783	646	3.2	2.8	2.6	5.3	4.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,121	673	490	1,513	1,759	1,169	6.8	4.1	5.7	15.2	14.7	9.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	127	31	145	162	171	6.6	5.2	2.7	12.1	10.9	10.9
Accommodation and food services	962	546	460	1,368	1,597	998	6.8	3.9	6.2	15.6	15.3	9.1
Other services	220	168	165	582	305	162	3.7	2.8	3.6	12.0	5.9	3.0
Government	370	367	235	247	281	333	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.5
Federal	38	58	46	50	40	73	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.7	1.4	2.5
State and local	332	309	189	197	241	260	1.7	1.6	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.4
State and local education	178	153	111	128	123	121	1.7	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.2
State and local, excluding education	153	156	78	69	118	138	1.7	1.7	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	940	869	534	1,103	1,214	1,038	3.4	3.1	2.2	4.5	4.8	4.1
South	2,442	1,998	1,584	2,409	2,417	2,072	4.4	3.6	3.3	4.9	4.8	4.1
Midwest	1,270	1,097	914	1,628	1,682	1,297	3.9	3.3	3.2	5.6	5.6	4.3
West	1,323	1,147	1,015	2,059	1,656	1,380	3.8	3.3	3.3	6.7	5.2	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	5,769	14,643	9,975	4,236	4,899	5,007	3.8	9.7	7.6	3.2	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,427	14,243	9,536	3,935	4,656	4,722	4.2	11.1	8.8	3.5	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging	26	42	67	31	28	28	3.6	6.0	10.2	4.9	4.4	4.5
Construction	381	756	835	292	343	354	5.1	9.9	12.7	4.2	4.8	4.9
Manufacturing	325	804	762	285	392	353	2.5	6.3	6.6	2.4	3.2	2.9
Durable goods	177	474	511	180	241	197	2.2	5.9	7.2	2.5	3.2	2.6
Nondurable goods	148	329	251	105	152	157	3.1	6.9	5.8	2.4	3.4	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,218	2,408	1,953	936	1,077	1,167	4.4	8.7	8.0	3.8	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	168	252	281	166	166	146	2.8	4.2	5.1	3.0	2.9	2.6
Retail trade	801	1,654	1,267	530	640	752	5.1	10.6	9.5	3.9	4.4	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	249	502	405	240	271	269	4.0	8.1	7.2	4.3	4.8	4.7
Information	109	107	128	56	54	55	3.8	3.7	4.9	2.2	2.1	2.1
Financial activities	236	350	299	160	177	190	2.7	4.0	3.5	1.9	2.1	2.2
Finance and insurance	146	169	112	104	122	118	2.3	2.6	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	90	181	187	57	55	73	3.9	7.7	8.8	2.7	2.6	3.4
Professional and business services	1,144	1,714	1,359	875	926	1,008	5.4	8.0	7.1	4.5	4.7	5.1
Education and health services	674	1,747	1,323	538	603	584	2.8	7.1	6.1	2.4	2.6	2.5
Educational services	84	327	277	58	55	67	2.2	8.6	8.3	1.7	1.6	1.9
Health care and social assistance	589	1,420	1,046	480	548	517	2.9	6.9	5.7	2.5	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,108	5,345	1,989	640	858	807	6.7	32.7	23.2	6.4	7.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	148	599	314	105	136	116	6.1	24.5	27.2	8.8	9.2	7.4
Accommodation and food services	959	4,746	1,675	534	722	691	6.8	34.1	22.5	6.1	6.9	6.3
Other services	206	969	821	121	199	175	3.5	16.4	17.9	2.5	3.9	3.3
Government	342	400	439	302	243	285	1.5	1.8	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.3
Federal	37	39	39	53	42	46	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.9	1.5	1.6
State and local	305	361	400	248	200	239	1.5	1.8	2.1	1.4	1.1	1.3
State and local education	158	180	170	128	70	119	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.3	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	148	181	230	120	130	120	1.6	1.9	2.6	1.4	1.5	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	861	2,807	1,851	727	841	766	3.1	10.1	7.7	3.0	3.3	3.0
South	2,235	4,978	3,429	1,675	1,862	1,851	4.0	9.0	7.2	3.4	3.7	3.6
Midwest	1,254	3,635	2,170	900	1,080	1,170	3.8	11.0	7.6	3.1	3.6	3.9
West	1,419	3,222	2,525	933	1,115	1,220	4.0	9.1	8.3	3.0	3.5	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	3,612	2,789	1,877	2,067	2,605	2,949	2.4	1.8	1.4	1.6	1.9	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,433	2,619	1,731	1,945	2,492	2,798	2.7	2.0	1.6	1.7	2.1	2.4
Mining and logging	14	9	6	8	10	12	1.9	1.3	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.9
Construction	178	130	86	104	131	138	2.4	1.7	1.3	1.5	1.8	1.9
Manufacturing	193	150	104	143	186	167	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.4
Durable goods	102	86	49	83	101	94	1.3	1.1	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.2
Nondurable goods	91	64	55	60	85	73	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.9	1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	772	607	447	484	613	772	2.8	2.2	1.8	1.9	2.4	3.0
Wholesale trade	88	93	52	55	79	85	1.5	1.6	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.5
Retail trade	542	386	305	306	410	562	3.5	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.8	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	143	129	90	122	123	126	2.3	2.1	1.6	2.2	2.2	2.2
Information	43	35	28	22	28	31	1.5	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2
Financial activities	141	93	70	87	84	93	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.1
Finance and insurance	91	70	48	69	60	57	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	49	23	21	18	25	36	2.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.6
Professional and business services	687	561	337	411	441	539	3.2	2.6	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.7
Education and health services	473	426	356	286	394	418	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.8
Educational services	57	50	43	23	23	33	1.5	1.3	1.3	0.7	0.7	1.0
Health care and social assistance	416	376	313	262	371	385	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.9	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	787	534	255	369	487	507	4.8	3.3	3.0	3.7	4.1	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	52	30	31	29	31	3.2	2.1	2.6	2.5	2.0	2.0
Accommodation and food services	709	483	225	338	457	476	5.0	3.5	3.0	3.9	4.4	4.3
Other services	146	74	44	32	117	121	2.5	1.3	1.0	0.7	2.3	2.3
Government	180	170	146	122	113	152	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7
Federal	17	17	15	17	17	19	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local	163	152	130	105	96	132	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7
State and local education	85	79	69	67	31	66	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.7
State and local, excluding education	77	73	62	37	66	66	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	489	404	275	272	392	401	1.8	1.5	1.1	1.1	1.6	1.6
South	1,479	1,098	791	919	1,054	1,153	2.7	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.3
Midwest	811	654	418	443	599	718	2.5	2.0	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.4
West	834	633	394	433	560	677	2.4	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.7	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	1,812	11,489	7,708	1,903	1,995	1,721	1.2	7.6	5.9	1.4	1.4	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,714	11,316	7,481	1,780	1,913	1,650	1.3	8.8	6.9	1.6	1.6	1.4
Mining and logging	12	32	59	22	17	15	1.6	4.5	9.1	3.4	2.6	2.4
Construction	187	604	709	177	197	201	2.5	7.9	10.8	2.5	2.7	2.8
Manufacturing	113	632	635	121	184	157	0.9	4.9	5.5	1.0	1.5	1.3
Durable goods	63	374	447	85	127	87	0.8	4.7	6.3	1.2	1.7	1.2
Nondurable goods	50	257	188	37	57	70	1.0	5.4	4.3	0.8	1.3	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	370	1,730	1,458	419	419	320	1.3	6.2	6.0	1.7	1.6	1.2
Wholesale trade(3)	69	154	220	97	80	59	1.2	2.6	4.0	1.7	1.4	1.0
Retail trade	212	1,226	940	221	203	166	1.4	7.8	7.1	1.6	1.4	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	89	350	297	101	135	95	1.4	5.6	5.3	1.8	2.4	1.7
Information	57	64	97	29	21	19	2.0	2.2	3.7	1.1	0.8	0.8
Financial activities	67	228	208	56	67	72	0.8	2.6	2.4	0.7	0.8	0.8
Finance and insurance	32	77	53	23	41	39	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	35	151	156	33	25	33	1.5	6.4	7.3	1.5	1.2	1.5
Professional and business services	397	1,086	904	405	423	411	1.9	5.1	4.7	2.1	2.1	2.1
Education and health services	162	1,274	918	215	155	132	0.7	5.2	4.2	1.0	0.7	0.6
Educational services	22	272	227	30	30	30	0.6	7.2	6.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
Health care and social assistance	140	1,001	691	185	126	103	0.7	4.8	3.7	1.0	0.7	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	299	4,783	1,722	257	351	278	1.8	29.2	20.1	2.6	2.9	2.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	69	545	281	74	103	81	2.8	22.3	24.3	6.1	7.0	5.2
Accommodation and food services	231	4,238	1,441	183	248	197	1.6	30.4	19.4	2.1	2.4	1.8
Other services	49	884	770	80	81	45	0.8	15.0	16.8	1.7	1.6	0.8
Government	98	173	227	123	81	71	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.3
Federal	7	9	12	24	14	12	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.4
State and local	91	164	215	100	67	59	0.5	0.8	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.3
State and local education	47	79	78	39	29	25	0.4	0.8	0.8	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	44	85	137	61	38	33	0.5	0.9	1.5	0.7	0.4	0.4
REGION(4)
Northeast	312	2,348	1,509	402	395	295	1.1	8.4	6.3	1.6	1.6	1.2
South	630	3,747	2,510	664	706	577	1.1	6.7	5.3	1.4	1.4	1.1
Midwest	376	2,898	1,650	408	416	381	1.1	8.8	5.8	1.4	1.4	1.3
West	494	2,496	2,039	429	478	468	1.4	7.1	6.7	1.4	1.5	1.4
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	345	366	390	266	300	337	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	281	308	324	209	251	274	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	2	1	1	1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Construction(3)	17	22	40	11	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	19	22	23	21	22	30	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	12	14	14	12	12	15	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	7	9	8	8	9	14	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	76	71	48	34	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	11	5	9	13	6	2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	47	42	21	3	27	24	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	18	24	18	17	13	48	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.8
Information(3)	10	8	3	4	5	4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	28	30	21	17	26	26	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	23	22	11	12	21	21	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	5	7	10	6	5	4	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	60	67	119	60	62	58	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	38	47	50	37	53	34	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	5	4	7	5	2	4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	33	43	43	32	52	30	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	22	28	12	14	20	22	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	2	2	3	1	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services(3)	19	26	9	13	17	18	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	11	11	7	9	2	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2
Government	64	58	66	57	48	63	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	13	12	11	13	11	14	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	51	46	55	44	37	48	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local education	25	22	23	22	11	27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
State and local, excluding education	26	24	31	22	26	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	61	56	68	54	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	126	133	129	92	102	121	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	66	83	102	49	66	71	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	92	93	92	71	78	74	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	7,597	5,843	6,949	4.8	4.0	4.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,815	5,167	6,230	5.0	4.2	5.0
Mining and logging	40	16	16	5.1	2.4	2.5
Construction	353	244	334	4.4	3.2	4.3
Manufacturing	477	346	408	3.6	2.8	3.2
Durable goods	282	179	213	3.4	2.3	2.7
Nondurable goods	195	167	195	3.9	3.5	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,392	1,055	1,434	4.8	3.9	5.2
Wholesale trade	196	171	214	3.2	2.9	3.7
Retail trade	916	641	951	5.5	4.2	6.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	281	243	269	4.4	4.1	4.5
Information	172	97	96	5.6	3.6	3.6
Financial activities	387	278	293	4.2	3.1	3.3
Finance and insurance	262	212	225	3.9	3.2	3.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	124	65	68	5.0	2.9	3.0
Professional and business services	1,357	1,030	1,262	5.9	4.9	5.9
Education and health services	1,360	1,021	1,295	5.4	4.3	5.4
Educational services	145	90	117	4.0	2.7	3.6
Health care and social assistance	1,215	931	1,178	5.6	4.6	5.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,018	830	794	5.6	6.3	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	105	104	83	3.6	5.9	4.4
Accommodation and food services	912	726	711	5.9	6.3	5.9
Other services	258	250	297	4.1	4.6	5.2
Government	782	676	720	3.5	3.1	3.4
Federal	129	112	132	4.3	3.7	4.3
State and local	654	564	588	3.4	3.0	3.3
State and local education	290	209	229	3.1	2.2	2.7
State and local, excluding education	364	356	358	3.7	3.8	3.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,191	1,074	1,193	4.1	4.1	4.5
South	2,856	2,163	2,617	4.9	4.1	4.9
Midwest	1,732	1,305	1,598	5.0	4.1	5.0
West	1,818	1,301	1,541	4.9	3.9	4.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	6,551	7,819	6,343	4.3	5.6	4.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,131	7,476	5,962	4.7	6.4	5.0
Mining and logging	24	13	21	3.2	2.0	3.2
Construction	433	581	436	5.6	7.9	5.9
Manufacturing	379	503	363	2.9	4.1	3.0
Durable goods	206	292	172	2.5	3.8	2.3
Nondurable goods	173	211	191	3.6	4.6	4.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,262	1,452	1,225	4.6	5.6	4.7
Wholesale trade	194	187	139	3.3	3.3	2.5
Retail trade	818	982	852	5.2	6.8	5.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	250	283	234	4.1	5.0	4.1
Information	110	61	73	3.8	2.4	2.8
Financial activities	276	222	262	3.1	2.6	3.0
Finance and insurance	180	152	170	2.8	2.4	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	96	69	93	4.0	3.2	4.2
Professional and business services	1,270	1,306	1,213	5.9	6.6	6.1
Education and health services	878	921	867	3.7	4.1	3.8
Educational services	142	120	130	4.1	3.7	4.1
Health care and social assistance	736	800	737	3.6	4.1	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,246	2,041	1,315	7.2	16.4	10.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	164	270	183	5.9	16.3	10.1
Accommodation and food services	1,082	1,771	1,132	7.5	16.4	10.0
Other services	252	378	187	4.2	7.2	3.5
Government	420	344	381	2.0	1.6	1.9
Federal	37	44	73	1.3	1.5	2.5
State and local	383	300	308	2.1	1.6	1.8
State and local education	203	90	145	2.3	1.0	1.7
State and local, excluding education	180	210	163	1.9	2.3	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,115	1,450	1,229	4.0	5.7	4.8
South	2,625	2,637	2,238	4.8	5.2	4.4
Midwest	1,340	1,891	1,379	4.1	6.3	4.5
West	1,471	1,841	1,497	4.2	5.7	4.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	6,242	5,077	5,405	4.1	3.7	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,819	4,665	5,046	4.5	4.0	4.2
Mining and logging	26	23	28	3.5	3.7	4.4
Construction	399	317	380	5.1	4.3	5.1
Manufacturing	354	402	382	2.7	3.3	3.1
Durable goods	201	243	217	2.5	3.2	2.9
Nondurable goods	154	159	165	3.2	3.5	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,250	1,030	1,198	4.5	4.0	4.6
Wholesale trade	179	166	157	3.0	2.9	2.8
Retail trade	825	625	775	5.3	4.3	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	247	240	266	4.0	4.2	4.7
Information	116	52	60	4.0	2.0	2.3
Financial activities	240	183	198	2.7	2.1	2.3
Finance and insurance	147	125	119	2.3	1.9	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	93	58	79	3.9	2.7	3.6
Professional and business services	1,186	915	1,051	5.5	4.6	5.2
Education and health services	799	700	683	3.3	3.1	3.0
Educational services	117	122	96	3.4	3.8	3.0
Health care and social assistance	682	578	587	3.3	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,205	846	866	7.0	6.8	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	142	104	99	5.1	6.3	5.5
Accommodation and food services	1,063	742	767	7.3	6.9	6.8
Other services	243	196	200	4.1	3.7	3.7
Government	423	411	360	2.0	1.9	1.8
Federal	36	39	46	1.3	1.3	1.6
State and local	387	373	314	2.1	2.0	1.8
State and local education	233	249	194	2.6	2.7	2.3
State and local, excluding education	154	123	120	1.6	1.4	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	902	879	793	3.3	3.5	3.1
South	2,470	1,917	2,054	4.5	3.8	4.0
Midwest	1,349	1,101	1,245	4.1	3.6	4.1
West	1,521	1,180	1,313	4.3	3.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	4,099	2,752	3,392	2.7	2.0	2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,886	2,551	3,208	3.0	2.2	2.7
Mining and logging	16	9	14	2.1	1.3	2.3
Construction	216	139	182	2.8	1.9	2.5
Manufacturing	228	196	192	1.8	1.6	1.6
Durable goods	125	106	109	1.5	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	103	90	84	2.1	2.0	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	832	624	836	3.0	2.4	3.2
Wholesale trade	94	80	92	1.6	1.4	1.6
Retail trade	578	431	606	3.7	3.0	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	160	112	138	2.6	2.0	2.4
Information	49	25	37	1.7	1.0	1.4
Financial activities	151	85	101	1.7	1.0	1.2
Finance and insurance	101	60	65	1.6	0.9	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	49	25	36	2.1	1.1	1.6
Professional and business services	748	453	604	3.5	2.3	3.0
Education and health services	546	421	473	2.3	1.9	2.1
Educational services	77	41	50	2.2	1.3	1.6
Health care and social assistance	469	380	424	2.3	2.0	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	921	491	618	5.3	3.9	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	98	29	48	3.5	1.8	2.7
Accommodation and food services	823	462	570	5.7	4.3	5.0
Other services	180	108	150	3.0	2.1	2.8
Government	214	201	184	1.0	0.9	0.9
Federal	17	17	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local	196	184	164	1.1	1.0	0.9
State and local education	111	116	91	1.2	1.2	1.1
State and local, excluding education	85	68	73	0.9	0.8	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	542	402	457	2.0	1.6	1.8
South	1,699	1,107	1,352	3.1	2.2	2.7
Midwest	923	633	813	2.8	2.1	2.7
West	935	609	770	2.7	1.9	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	1,768	1,971	1,643	1.2	1.4	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,640	1,861	1,550	1.3	1.6	1.3
Mining and logging	10	13	13	1.3	2.1	2.0
Construction	167	163	182	2.2	2.2	2.5
Manufacturing	106	184	158	0.8	1.5	1.3
Durable goods	63	124	91	0.8	1.6	1.2
Nondurable goods	44	60	67	0.9	1.3	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	333	367	280	1.2	1.4	1.1
Wholesale trade	69	80	59	1.2	1.4	1.0
Retail trade	195	171	142	1.3	1.2	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	69	115	80	1.1	2.0	1.4
Information	58	22	18	2.0	0.8	0.7
Financial activities	66	70	74	0.7	0.8	0.9
Finance and insurance	27	41	35	0.4	0.6	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	38	29	39	1.6	1.3	1.7
Professional and business services	374	401	385	1.7	2.0	1.9
Education and health services	212	222	173	0.9	1.0	0.8
Educational services	32	75	40	0.9	2.3	1.3
Health care and social assistance	180	146	133	0.9	0.8	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	262	334	226	1.5	2.7	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	41	71	47	1.5	4.3	2.6
Accommodation and food services	221	263	179	1.5	2.4	1.6
Other services	51	86	41	0.9	1.6	0.8
Government	128	110	92	0.6	0.5	0.5
Federal	7	12	12	0.2	0.4	0.4
State and local	121	98	80	0.7	0.5	0.5
State and local education	84	74	59	0.9	0.8	0.7
State and local, excluding education	38	25	21	0.4	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	292	408	254	1.1	1.6	1.0
South	647	698	579	1.2	1.4	1.1
Midwest	357	390	356	1.1	1.3	1.2
West	473	476	453	1.3	1.5	1.4
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)	July 2019	June 2020	July 2020(p)
Total	375	354	370	0.2	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	293	254	287	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Construction	17	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	20	22	32	0.2	0.2	0.3
Durable goods	13	13	18	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	7	9	14	0.1	0.2	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	84	40	82	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	16	5	6	0.3	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	51	22	28	0.3	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	13	48	0.3	0.2	0.8
Information	10	5	4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	24	29	23	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	19	24	19	0.3	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	5	4	0.2	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	64	61	62	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	41	57	36	0.2	0.3	0.2
Educational services	8	6	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	33	52	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	22	20	22	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	4	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	19	17	18	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	11	2	9	0.2	0.0	0.2
Government	82	100	83	0.4	0.5	0.4
Federal	12	10	14	0.4	0.3	0.5
State and local	70	90	69	0.4	0.5	0.4
State and local education	38	60	44	0.4	0.6	0.5
State and local, excluding education	32	30	26	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	69	68	83	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	125	112	123	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	69	78	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	112	96	89	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.