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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 10, 2019	USDL-19-1594

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.2 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged up to 6.0 million and separations 
increased to 5.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges rate were little 
changed at 2.4 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 
regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, the job openings level was little changed at 7.2 million. The job 
openings rate was 4.5 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 
government. The job openings level decreased in wholesale trade (-55,000) and in federal government
(-11,000). The job openings level increased in information (+42,000) and in mining and logging 
(+11,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged up to 6.0 million (+237,000) in July. The hires rate was 3.9 percent. The 
number of hires edged up for total private (+219,000) and was little changed for government. The hires 
level was little changed in all industries. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See 
table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations rose to 5.8 million (+246,000) in July. The total separations rate was 
3.8 percent. The number of total separations increased for total private (+245,000) and was little 
changed for government. The total separations level increased in professional and business services 
(+98,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+42,000), and information (+21,000). The number 
of total separations increased in the West region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits edged up to a series high in July of 3.6 million (+130,000). The quits rate was 2.4 
percent. The quits level edged up for total private (+127,000) and was little changed for government.  
Quits increased in health care and social assistance (+54,000) and in federal government (+3,000). The 
number of quits rose in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in July at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 
for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in information (+20,000). The layoffs 
and discharges level increased in the West region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July. The other separations level was also little 
changed for total private and for government. Other separations decreased in accommodation and food 
services (-13,000) but increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+11,000). The number of 
other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 69.6 million and 
separations totaled 67.0 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.6 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, October 9, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

7,442 7,248 7,217 5,833 5,716 5,953 5,675 5,513 5,759

Total private

6,764 6,560 6,555 5,443 5,377 5,596 5,281 5,174 5,419

Mining and logging(1)

31 29 40 38 21 23 38 24 28

Construction(1)

314 331 373 387 413 380 365 407 379

Manufacturing

488 515 522 393 336 345 364 331 325

Durable goods(1)

285 322 331 223 194 198 194 180 178

Nondurable goods(1)

203 193 191 170 142 148 170 151 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,533 1,390 1,343 1,141 1,177 1,189 1,124 1,118 1,177

Wholesale trade

221 213 158 145 154 167 131 152 166

Retail trade

1,020 863 865 779 798 772 782 767 770

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

292 314 320 217 225 250 210 199 241

Information(1)

154 129 171 84 93 93 84 90 111

Financial activities

430 378 364 215 219 250 217 219 227

Finance and insurance

328 260 251 138 128 159 140 125 138

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

102 118 114 77 91 91 77 94 88

Professional and business services

1,276 1,292 1,247 1,162 1,112 1,211 1,129 1,059 1,157

Education and health services

1,293 1,322 1,306 688 676 743 647 611 678

Educational services(1)

137 127 135 107 93 106 104 89 98

Health care and social assistance

1,157 1,195 1,171 582 583 637 543 522 580

Leisure and hospitality

1,024 913 942 1,136 1,114 1,140 1,106 1,096 1,116

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

93 104 106 192 128 154 192 136 151

Accommodation and food services

931 809 836 944 986 987 915 960 965

Other services

221 261 245 198 217 222 207 218 222

Government

678 688 662 390 339 356 394 339 340

Federal(1)

120 110 99 36 33 36 38 33 37

State and local

558 578 563 354 306 320 356 306 304

State and local education

192 217 207 169 166 171 164 174 169

State and local, excluding education(1)

365 360 356 186 140 149 192 132 135





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.8 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.8

Total private

5.1 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging(1)

4.0 3.7 5.1 5.2 2.8 3.1 5.1 3.1 3.7

Construction(1)

4.1 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.1

Manufacturing

3.7 3.9 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5

Durable goods(1)

3.5 3.8 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods(1)

4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

5.3 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade

3.6 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.8

Retail trade

6.1 5.2 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

4.7 4.9 5.0 3.6 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.3 3.9

Information(1)

5.1 4.4 5.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.9

Financial activities

4.8 4.2 4.0 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance

4.9 3.9 3.8 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

4.3 4.8 4.7 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.8

Professional and business services

5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.4 4.9 5.4

Education and health services

5.2 5.2 5.1 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.5 2.8

Educational services(1)

3.5 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance

5.5 5.5 5.4 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

5.9 5.2 5.3 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3.8 4.1 4.1 8.0 5.2 6.3 8.0 5.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services

6.2 5.4 5.5 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.5 6.7 6.8

Other services

3.6 4.2 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7

Government

2.9 3.0 2.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5

Federal(1)

4.1 3.8 3.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

State and local

2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5

State and local education

1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education(1)

3.8 3.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.5

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

7,442 7,474 7,372 7,384 7,248 7,217 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,764 6,772 6,635 6,680 6,560 6,555 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8

Mining and logging(3)

31 28 32 30 29 40 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.1

Construction(3)

314 364 434 376 331 373 4.1 4.7 5.5 4.8 4.2 4.7

Manufacturing

488 461 496 503 515 522 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9

Durable goods(3)

285 304 318 320 322 331 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods(3)

203 158 179 183 193 191 4.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,533 1,385 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,343 5.3 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6

Wholesale trade

221 220 262 220 213 158 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.5 2.6

Retail trade

1,020 825 818 815 863 865 6.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

292 340 355 317 314 320 4.7 5.3 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0

Information(3)

154 137 130 107 129 171 5.1 4.6 4.4 3.7 4.4 5.7

Financial activities

430 356 354 352 378 364 4.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance

328 234 224 266 260 251 4.9 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

102 122 130 86 118 114 4.3 5.0 5.3 3.6 4.8 4.7

Professional and business services

1,276 1,413 1,260 1,313 1,292 1,247 5.7 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.5

Education and health services

1,293 1,355 1,254 1,329 1,322 1,306 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.1

Educational services(3)

137 111 147 122 127 135 3.5 2.9 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.4

Health care and social assistance

1,157 1,244 1,107 1,207 1,195 1,171 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,024 1,035 1,022 1,027 913 942 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

93 106 105 110 104 106 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1

Accommodation and food services

931 929 917 916 809 836 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.4 5.5

Other services

221 238 217 292 261 245 3.6 3.9 3.5 4.7 4.2 4.0

Government

678 702 737 704 688 662 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9

Federal(3)

120 117 151 110 110 99 4.1 4.0 5.1 3.8 3.8 3.4

State and local

558 585 587 595 578 563 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8

State and local education

192 228 215 212 217 207 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

State and local, excluding education(3)

365 357 372 383 360 356 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,259 1,224 1,065 1,271 1,231 1,168 4.4 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.0

South

2,776 2,846 2,827 2,754 2,641 2,598 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5

Midwest

1,730 1,729 1,796 1,697 1,689 1,736 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0

West

1,676 1,675 1,684 1,662 1,688 1,714 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

5,833 5,697 5,991 5,760 5,716 5,953 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,443 5,345 5,613 5,398 5,377 5,596 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3

Mining and logging

38 39 28 27 21 23 5.2 5.2 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.1

Construction

387 364 420 387 413 380 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.1

Manufacturing

393 357 367 340 336 345 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods

223 190 212 193 194 198 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4

Nondurable goods

170 167 155 147 142 148 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,141 1,094 1,146 1,161 1,177 1,189 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3

Wholesale trade

145 134 156 164 154 167 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8

Retail trade

779 725 756 770 798 772 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

217 235 234 227 225 250 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.1

Information

84 95 87 99 93 93 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3

Financial activities

215 191 235 217 219 250 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.9

Finance and insurance

138 131 144 139 128 159 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 60 91 78 91 91 3.4 2.6 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services

1,162 1,173 1,253 1,172 1,112 1,211 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.6

Education and health services

688 720 726 675 676 743 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

Educational services

107 93 108 98 93 106 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.8

Health care and social assistance

582 627 618 577 583 637 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

1,136 1,106 1,129 1,100 1,114 1,140 6.9 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

192 171 161 167 128 154 8.0 6.9 6.5 6.8 5.2 6.3

Accommodation and food services

944 935 968 933 986 987 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.9 6.9

Other services

198 205 223 220 217 222 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7

Government

390 352 379 361 339 356 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal

36 39 38 32 33 36 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3

State and local

354 313 340 329 306 320 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

State and local education

169 170 171 171 166 171 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education

186 144 170 158 140 149 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

968 895 944 957 891 964 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

South

2,281 2,342 2,368 2,261 2,293 2,375 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.3

Midwest

1,296 1,195 1,304 1,233 1,249 1,301 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.9

West

1,289 1,265 1,374 1,308 1,283 1,312 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

5,675 5,508 5,687 5,557 5,513 5,759 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,281 5,171 5,335 5,208 5,174 5,419 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging

38 38 31 24 24 28 5.1 5.1 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.7

Construction

365 350 405 390 407 379 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.1

Manufacturing

364 364 357 334 331 325 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5

Durable goods

194 204 205 188 180 178 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods

170 161 152 147 151 148 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,124 1,115 1,137 1,134 1,118 1,177 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2

Wholesale trade

131 138 136 148 152 166 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8

Retail trade

782 738 781 768 767 770 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

210 239 219 219 199 241 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.9

Information

84 91 105 91 90 111 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.9

Financial activities

217 172 225 211 219 227 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance

140 120 135 134 125 138 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 51 90 78 94 88 3.4 2.2 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.8

Professional and business services

1,129 1,150 1,174 1,139 1,059 1,157 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.4

Education and health services

647 683 637 622 611 678 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8

Educational services

104 91 91 95 89 98 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance

543 592 546 527 522 580 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

1,106 1,014 1,067 1,047 1,096 1,116 6.8 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

192 132 147 173 136 151 8.0 5.3 6.0 7.0 5.6 6.2

Accommodation and food services

915 882 919 874 960 965 6.5 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.7 6.8

Other services

207 193 197 215 218 222 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7

Government

394 337 353 349 339 340 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal

38 41 32 34 33 37 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3

State and local

356 297 321 315 306 304 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education

164 156 165 178 174 169 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

State and local, excluding education

192 140 156 137 132 135 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

861 856 816 924 896 848 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.0

South

2,237 2,315 2,344 2,078 2,114 2,203 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0

Midwest

1,277 1,160 1,236 1,216 1,224 1,292 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

West

1,299 1,177 1,292 1,339 1,278 1,417 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

3,443 3,461 3,516 3,478 3,462 3,592 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,262 3,278 3,327 3,277 3,278 3,405 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Mining and logging

21 23 19 15 13 15 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.0

Construction

201 149 145 168 186 182 2.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing

213 222 224 203 203 191 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5

Durable goods

117 118 130 114 114 102 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3

Nondurable goods

96 104 93 89 89 89 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

724 738 744 784 745 735 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade

79 102 93 105 90 86 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4

Retail trade

529 500 524 543 540 524 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

116 137 126 136 115 125 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0

Information

48 52 58 57 50 49 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7

Financial activities

133 104 145 118 137 139 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6

Finance and insurance

74 67 82 73 77 87 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

59 37 64 45 60 51 2.6 1.6 2.7 2.0 2.6 2.2

Professional and business services

645 656 647 619 621 666 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1

Education and health services

407 467 425 406 412 477 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0

Educational services

45 47 50 51 54 64 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.7

Health care and social assistance

361 420 375 355 359 413 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0

Leisure and hospitality

748 735 773 761 782 796 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

77 82 83 73 77 80 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3

Accommodation and food services

671 653 691 688 705 715 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0

Other services

122 132 147 144 128 156 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.6

Government

181 184 190 202 183 187 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Federal

16 22 15 16 14 17 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

State and local

165 162 175 186 170 169 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

State and local education

88 94 90 103 98 94 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

State and local, excluding education

77 68 85 82 71 76 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION(4)

Northeast

462 513 448 496 507 464 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7

South

1,372 1,425 1,478 1,381 1,392 1,465 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6

Midwest

794 757 791 802 763 828 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

West

815 767 799 799 800 835 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

1,859 1,693 1,830 1,773 1,711 1,799 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,708 1,601 1,726 1,683 1,615 1,707 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging

15 15 11 8 8 12 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.6

Construction

155 181 240 211 211 186 2.1 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.5

Manufacturing

129 122 111 112 109 116 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Durable goods

61 76 64 61 55 64 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods

68 46 47 51 54 51 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

327 326 351 297 313 357 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3

Wholesale trade(3)

35 30 36 34 56 67 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1

Retail trade

214 207 234 194 184 195 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

78 88 80 70 73 94 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5

Information

30 24 33 28 28 48 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.7

Financial activities

58 32 54 65 63 59 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance

42 22 31 35 31 26 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

16 10 23 30 31 33 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4

Professional and business services

384 422 451 469 376 429 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0

Education and health services

196 164 170 170 164 162 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services

52 38 35 36 30 29 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance

145 126 135 134 134 133 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

334 262 263 257 272 290 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

112 48 63 97 57 67 4.7 1.9 2.5 4.0 2.3 2.7

Accommodation and food services

222 214 201 160 215 224 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6

Other services

80 54 43 65 71 49 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.8

Government

151 92 104 90 97 92 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal

11 7 6 7 8 6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local

140 86 97 83 89 85 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local education

52 38 52 50 53 49 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local, excluding education

88 48 46 33 36 36 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

327 291 325 371 316 312 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

South

741 748 727 579 601 605 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1

Midwest

405 331 379 349 397 394 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

West

385 322 398 474 397 488 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.4

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
Mar.
2019
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

373 354 341 306 340 368 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

311 293 282 248 281 306 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

1 1 1 1 3 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Construction(3)

9 21 21 10 9 11 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

22 21 22 19 19 19 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Durable goods

16 10 10 13 12 11 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods(3)

7 11 12 6 7 7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

73 51 42 53 60 85 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade

17 6 7 9 5 13 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade

39 30 24 31 43 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

17 15 12 13 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Information(3)

6 15 15 5 11 14 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5

Financial activities

26 35 26 28 20 29 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

24 31 23 26 17 25 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

1 5 4 2 3 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services

101 72 75 51 62 62 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

44 52 43 46 35 38 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services

7 5 6 8 5 4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance(3)

38 46 37 39 30 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

24 18 30 29 42 30 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

2 3 2 3 2 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

22 14 28 26 39 26 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services(3)

5 7 7 5 20 18 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government

62 61 60 58 59 62 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

11 12 10 11 11 13 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local

51 49 49 46 48 49 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education

24 25 23 24 23 26 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding education

27 24 26 22 25 23 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION(4)

Northeast

72 53 42 58 73 71 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South

123 142 138 118 121 134 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

78 72 67 64 64 69 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

99 87 94 66 81 94 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

7,772 7,125 7,471 5.0 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

7,023 6,409 6,745 5.2 4.7 4.9

Mining and logging

31 29 40 4.0 3.7 5.0

Construction

314 331 373 4.0 4.1 4.6

Manufacturing

488 515 522 3.7 3.8 3.9

Durable goods

285 322 331 3.4 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods

203 193 191 4.1 3.9 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,596 1,368 1,403 5.5 4.7 4.8

Wholesale trade

245 218 179 4.0 3.5 2.9

Retail trade

1,059 836 903 6.3 5.0 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

292 314 320 4.7 4.9 5.0

Information

154 129 171 5.1 4.3 5.7

Financial activities

437 361 371 4.8 4.0 4.1

Finance and insurance

335 244 257 5.0 3.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

102 118 114 4.3 4.7 4.6

Professional and business services

1,339 1,253 1,276 6.0 5.5 5.6

Education and health services

1,351 1,273 1,353 5.5 5.0 5.3

Educational services

137 127 135 3.8 3.4 3.7

Health care and social assistance

1,215 1,146 1,218 5.8 5.3 5.6

Leisure and hospitality

1,084 909 981 5.9 5.0 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

89 101 102 3.1 3.5 3.5

Accommodation and food services

995 809 878 6.5 5.2 5.6

Other services

230 239 254 3.7 3.8 4.1

Government

748 717 726 3.4 3.1 3.3

Federal

120 110 99 4.1 3.8 3.4

State and local

628 607 628 3.3 3.0 3.3

State and local education

263 247 272 2.9 2.4 3.0

State and local, excluding education

365 360 356 3.7 3.7 3.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,305 1,191 1,204 4.6 4.1 4.2

South

2,945 2,616 2,724 5.1 4.5 4.7

Midwest

1,759 1,647 1,739 5.1 4.7 5.0

West

1,762 1,673 1,804 4.9 4.5 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

6,320 6,481 6,513 4.2 4.3 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,883 6,062 6,108 4.6 4.7 4.7

Mining and logging

42 24 26 5.6 3.2 3.4

Construction

450 491 442 6.0 6.4 5.7

Manufacturing

438 408 393 3.4 3.2 3.0

Durable goods

244 232 223 3.1 2.9 2.8

Nondurable goods

194 176 170 4.0 3.7 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,146 1,199 1,208 4.1 4.3 4.3

Wholesale trade

160 171 189 2.7 2.9 3.2

Retail trade

783 823 778 4.9 5.2 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

203 204 241 3.4 3.4 4.0

Information

90 104 98 3.2 3.7 3.4

Financial activities

233 262 277 2.7 3.0 3.2

Finance and insurance

150 151 174 2.4 2.4 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

83 111 103 3.6 4.7 4.3

Professional and business services

1,246 1,214 1,291 5.9 5.6 6.0

Education and health services

790 709 859 3.4 2.9 3.6

Educational services

133 101 134 3.9 2.8 3.9

Health care and social assistance

657 607 725 3.3 3.0 3.5

Leisure and hospitality

1,217 1,353 1,251 7.1 7.8 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

199 210 161 7.2 7.6 5.7

Accommodation and food services

1,018 1,144 1,089 7.1 7.8 7.4

Other services

231 297 263 3.9 4.9 4.4

Government

437 420 405 2.1 1.9 1.9

Federal

36 38 36 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local

401 381 369 2.2 1.9 2.0

State and local education

186 134 189 2.1 1.3 2.1

State and local, excluding education

215 247 179 2.3 2.6 1.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,104 1,092 1,116 4.0 3.9 4.0

South

2,433 2,473 2,552 4.5 4.4 4.6

Midwest

1,351 1,455 1,385 4.1 4.4 4.2

West

1,432 1,462 1,460 4.1 4.1 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

6,080 5,830 6,216 4.1 3.8 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,602 5,281 5,794 4.4 4.1 4.5

Mining and logging

37 21 28 5.0 2.7 3.6

Construction

383 376 399 5.1 4.9 5.1

Manufacturing

391 339 353 3.1 2.6 2.7

Durable goods

223 185 204 2.8 2.3 2.5

Nondurable goods

167 155 149 3.5 3.2 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,141 1,095 1,199 4.1 3.9 4.3

Wholesale trade

143 153 179 2.4 2.6 3.0

Retail trade

791 761 786 5.0 4.8 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

206 181 234 3.5 3.0 3.9

Information

91 90 116 3.2 3.2 4.1

Financial activities

217 229 236 2.5 2.6 2.7

Finance and insurance

140 129 142 2.2 2.0 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 100 94 3.4 4.2 4.0

Professional and business services

1,174 1,067 1,201 5.6 4.9 5.6

Education and health services

770 734 804 3.3 3.1 3.4

Educational services

145 160 136 4.2 4.5 3.9

Health care and social assistance

625 573 668 3.1 2.8 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,160 1,104 1,208 6.8 6.3 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

168 119 145 6.1 4.3 5.1

Accommodation and food services

991 985 1,063 6.9 6.7 7.2

Other services

240 226 252 4.1 3.8 4.2

Government

478 549 422 2.3 2.4 2.0

Federal

37 30 36 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local

441 519 386 2.4 2.6 2.1

State and local education

244 387 245 2.7 3.8 2.8

State and local, excluding education

197 132 142 2.1 1.4 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

906 951 895 3.3 3.4 3.2

South

2,458 2,241 2,429 4.5 4.0 4.4

Midwest

1,351 1,277 1,386 4.1 3.8 4.2

West

1,365 1,361 1,506 4.0 3.9 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

3,876 3,751 4,061 2.6 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,656 3,450 3,837 2.9 2.7 3.0

Mining and logging

24 12 17 3.2 1.6 2.2

Construction

236 194 221 3.1 2.5 2.8

Manufacturing

252 213 223 2.0 1.7 1.7

Durable goods

144 118 125 1.8 1.5 1.5

Nondurable goods

108 95 97 2.2 2.0 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

775 770 784 2.8 2.8 2.8

Wholesale trade

86 92 91 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade

561 569 559 3.5 3.6 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

128 110 134 2.2 1.8 2.2

Information

56 48 55 2.0 1.7 1.9

Financial activities

141 143 151 1.6 1.6 1.7

Finance and insurance

81 83 100 1.3 1.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

59 60 51 2.6 2.5 2.2

Professional and business services

700 650 728 3.3 3.0 3.4

Education and health services

468 470 554 2.0 2.0 2.3

Educational services

61 87 89 1.8 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance

407 383 465 2.0 1.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

859 821 922 5.0 4.7 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

99 83 101 3.6 3.0 3.6

Accommodation and food services

761 737 821 5.3 5.0 5.6

Other services

146 128 184 2.5 2.1 3.1

Government

220 301 224 1.0 1.3 1.1

Federal

15 14 17 0.5 0.5 0.6

State and local

205 287 207 1.1 1.5 1.1

State and local education

119 212 123 1.3 2.1 1.4

State and local, excluding education

85 75 84 0.9 0.8 0.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

512 546 509 1.9 2.0 1.8

South

1,577 1,512 1,684 2.9 2.7 3.0

Midwest

892 823 943 2.7 2.5 2.8

West

895 871 925 2.6 2.5 2.6

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

1,805 1,688 1,759 1.2 1.1 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,625 1,551 1,640 1.3 1.2 1.3

Mining and logging

12 5 10 1.6 0.7 1.3

Construction

138 174 167 1.8 2.3 2.2

Manufacturing

115 105 110 0.9 0.8 0.8

Durable goods

62 53 66 0.8 0.7 0.8

Nondurable goods

53 52 44 1.1 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

287 268 319 1.0 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade

35 56 67 0.6 0.9 1.1

Retail trade

190 152 174 1.2 1.0 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

62 59 79 1.0 1.0 1.3

Information

29 30 47 1.0 1.1 1.7

Financial activities

55 66 62 0.6 0.8 0.7

Finance and insurance

39 29 23 0.6 0.5 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

17 37 38 0.7 1.6 1.6

Professional and business services

371 361 411 1.8 1.7 1.9

Education and health services

253 223 209 1.1 0.9 0.9

Educational services

73 63 39 2.1 1.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance

180 161 170 0.9 0.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality

277 241 256 1.6 1.4 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

68 33 40 2.5 1.2 1.4

Accommodation and food services

209 208 216 1.4 1.4 1.5

Other services

89 77 50 1.5 1.3 0.8

Government

180 137 119 0.8 0.6 0.6

Federal

11 6 7 0.4 0.2 0.2

State and local

168 132 112 0.9 0.7 0.6

State and local education

89 104 82 1.0 1.0 0.9

State and local, excluding education

79 28 31 0.8 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

310 319 301 1.1 1.1 1.1

South

760 594 618 1.4 1.1 1.1

Midwest

375 381 369 1.1 1.1 1.1

West

360 395 472 1.0 1.1 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)
July
2018
June
2019
July
2019(p)

Total

399 390 396 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

321 279 316 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

1 3 1 0.1 0.4 0.1

Construction

9 9 11 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

24 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods

17 13 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods

7 7 7 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

79 57 96 0.3 0.2 0.3

Wholesale trade

21 5 21 0.4 0.1 0.4

Retail trade

40 40 53 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

17 11 22 0.3 0.2 0.4

Information

6 11 14 0.2 0.4 0.5

Financial activities

21 20 23 0.2 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

19 17 18 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

1 3 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services

103 56 62 0.5 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

49 40 42 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

11 11 8 0.3 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance

38 30 34 0.2 0.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

24 42 30 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 2 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services

22 39 26 0.2 0.3 0.2

Other services

5 20 18 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government

78 111 79 0.4 0.5 0.4

Federal

10 10 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

68 100 67 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local education

36 72 40 0.4 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education

33 29 27 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

84 86 85 0.3 0.3 0.3

South

122 136 128 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

84 73 74 0.3 0.2 0.2

West

109 96 110 0.3 0.3 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: September 10, 2019