For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 11, 2012 USDL-12-1831
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – July 2012
There were 3.7 million job openings on the last business day of July,
little changed from June, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent)
were also little changed in July. This release includes estimates of
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the
nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in July was 3.7 million, little changed
from June. (See table 1.) The number of openings was little changed in
all industries except health care and social assistance, where the
number decreased. The number of openings was also little changed in
all four regions in July. The level of total nonfarm job openings in
July was up from 2.4 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
(Recession dates are determined by the National Bureau of Economic
Research.)
The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) increased
over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job
openings increased over the year for several industries but fell in
mining and logging and arts, entertainment, and recreation. Three of
the four regions – Midwest, Northeast, and South – experienced a rise
in job openings over the year. (See table 7.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................|3,366 |3,722 |3,664 |4,112 |4,284 |4,229 |4,023 |4,249 |4,058
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............|3,044 |3,346 |3,277 |3,866 |4,000 |3,933 |3,723 |3,943 |3,760
Construction.................| 77 | 68 | 76 | 337 | 355 | 362 | 339 | 342 | 364
Manufacturing................| 246 | 296 | 271 | 260 | 270 | 243 | 231 | 263 | 226
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 589 | 588 | 607 | 806 | 821 | 834 | 788 | 827 | 805
Retail trade................| 337 | 348 | 347 | 568 | 556 | 569 | 551 | 558 | 554
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 667 | 693 | 660 | 821 | 931 | 830 | 790 | 921 | 782
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 606 | 713 | 694 | 479 | 494 | 502 | 437 | 493 | 463
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 533 | 660 | 603 | 395 | 425 | 426 | 365 | 409 | 399
Leisure and hospitality......| 362 | 460 | 477 | 727 | 700 | 709 | 702 | 679 | 687
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 71 | 47 | 49 | 108 | 108 | 103 | 102 | 101 | 109
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 291 | 413 | 428 | 619 | 592 | 606 | 600 | 578 | 578
Government(4).................| 322 | 376 | 388 | 246 | 284 | 296 | 300 | 306 | 298
State and local government...| 268 | 304 | 326 | 223 | 256 | 270 | 270 | 276 | 273
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............| 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4
Construction.................| 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.6
Manufacturing................| 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.9
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2
Retail trade................| 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 4.4
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3
Leisure and hospitality......| 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.0
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 3.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.7
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.9
Government(4).................| 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
State and local government...| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not
shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown
separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p Preliminary
Hires
In July, the hires rate was unchanged at 3.2 percent. The hires rate
was little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 2.) The
number of hires in July was 4.2 million, up from 3.7 million at the
end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the 12 months ending in July, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm and total private but
increased for government. The hires rate was little changed in all
industries over the year but increased in state and local government.
The rate was little changed in all four regions over the year. (See
table 8.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is also referred to as
turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the
employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are
involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations
include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well
as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
The total separations rate was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm
and total private, and unchanged for government in July. (See table
3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. (See table 9.)
In July, the quits rate was unchanged for total nonfarm, total
private, and government. (See table 4.) The number of quits was 2.2
million in July, up from 1.8 million at the end of the recession in
June 2009.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in July rose over the
year for total nonfarm and total private but was little changed for
government. Quits also increased over the year in several industries
and in the South; quits declined in finance and insurance. (See table
10.)
The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed in July for total
nonfarm and total private and unchanged for government. The layoffs
and discharges rate was essentially unchanged in all four regions in
July. (See table 5.) The number of layoffs and discharges for total
nonfarm was 1.6 million in July, down from 2.1 million at the end of
the recession in June 2009.
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for
government over the 12 months ending in July 2012. The number of
layoffs and discharges was essentially unchanged over the year in all
four regions. (See table 11.)
In July, there were 344,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
little changed from the previous month. (See table 6.) The number of
other separations (not seasonally adjusted) was also little changed
over the 12 months ending in July. (See table 12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July
2012, hires totaled 51.4 million and separations totaled 49.6 million,
yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during
the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2012 are
scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 10, 2012 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and
stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn
from a universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part
of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed
from individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked or ratio adjusted
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the Current
Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment
is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward using the ratio of over-the-year CES employment change.
The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to estimate the
amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that exists in establishments
of various sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn with
the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and
separations taking place in these units that cannot be measured
through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Historical changes in JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 3,366 3,565 3,741 3,447 3,657 3,722 3,664 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,044 3,163 3,362 3,093 3,285 3,346 3,277 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9
Construction........................... 77 73 92 69 69 68 76 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 246 271 308 259 297 296 271 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 589 584 598 562 591 588 607 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3
Retail trade.......................... 337 365 368 338 348 348 347 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3
Professional and business services..... 667 710 787 660 718 693 660 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.6
Education and health services(6)....... 606 655 670 665 687 713 694 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3
Health care and social assistance..... 533 598 605 610 629 660 603 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 362 408 431 419 432 460 477 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 71 48 57 61 52 47 49 3.6 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.5
Accommodation and food services....... 291 360 375 358 381 413 428 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5
Government(7)........................... 322 402 378 354 372 376 388 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7
State and local government............. 268 338 310 282 302 304 326 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 583 671 688 679 675 664 670 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
South.................................. 1,244 1,402 1,453 1,370 1,474 1,490 1,409 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8
Midwest................................ 737 791 853 666 755 777 809 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6
West................................... 802 702 746 732 754 792 776 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,112 4,444 4,335 4,213 4,461 4,284 4,229 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,866 4,128 4,041 3,916 4,176 4,000 3,933 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.5
Construction........................... 337 318 286 276 314 355 362 6.1 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.7 6.4 6.6
Manufacturing.......................... 260 260 263 260 262 270 243 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 806 815 827 826 872 821 834 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 568 551 550 556 577 556 569 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9
Professional and business services..... 821 973 888 888 982 931 830 4.7 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.6
Education and health services(6)....... 479 527 523 495 540 494 502 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.5
Health care and social assistance..... 395 455 442 427 466 425 426 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 727 794 795 717 715 700 709 5.5 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 108 156 154 123 115 108 103 5.6 8.1 7.9 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.4
Accommodation and food services....... 619 639 640 594 600 592 606 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2
Government(7)........................... 246 316 294 297 285 284 296 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 223 284 264 263 254 256 270 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 716 756 711 673 696 701 674 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7
South.................................. 1,525 1,748 1,677 1,676 1,781 1,691 1,656 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4
Midwest................................ 945 985 1,004 938 1,030 985 972 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2
West................................... 926 955 943 925 953 908 927 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,023 4,124 4,167 4,142 4,463 4,249 4,058 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,723 3,823 3,869 3,838 4,163 3,943 3,760 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4
Construction........................... 339 317 281 290 359 342 364 6.2 5.7 5.1 5.2 6.5 6.2 6.6
Manufacturing.......................... 231 235 234 239 248 263 226 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 788 780 832 817 835 827 805 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 551 543 566 560 586 558 554 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8
Professional and business services..... 790 850 835 855 1,035 921 782 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.8 5.1 4.4
Education and health services(6)....... 437 458 473 470 479 493 463 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3
Health care and social assistance..... 365 396 414 408 414 409 399 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 702 747 753 710 712 679 687 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 102 153 128 133 135 101 109 5.3 7.9 6.6 6.9 7.0 5.3 5.7
Accommodation and food services....... 600 594 625 577 577 578 578 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
Government(7)........................... 300 301 299 304 300 306 298 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 270 269 267 271 270 276 273 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 694 703 624 697 690 668 690 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7
South.................................. 1,510 1,571 1,678 1,556 1,772 1,690 1,579 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.3
Midwest................................ 926 970 943 971 1,038 912 862 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 2.8
West................................... 893 880 923 918 963 979 926 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 2,002 2,072 2,159 2,114 2,176 2,133 2,160 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,880 1,947 2,025 1,969 2,041 1,998 2,028 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Construction........................... 74 75 74 70 79 86 89 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6
Manufacturing.......................... 104 102 112 114 117 108 104 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 425 461 472 455 440 465 475 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 321 345 343 332 318 330 333 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3
Professional and business services..... 392 371 380 396 439 400 378 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.1
Education and health services(6)....... 241 287 284 266 269 269 276 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
Health care and social assistance..... 209 256 253 238 239 229 245 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 406 425 471 445 448 440 435 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 44 58 47 47 52 49 46 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4
Accommodation and food services....... 362 368 425 398 396 391 389 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3
Government(7)........................... 122 125 134 145 136 135 131 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6
State and local government............. 113 113 122 132 124 126 122 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 270 314 278 309 305 300 298 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
South.................................. 796 825 908 855 899 925 951 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0
Midwest................................ 483 493 508 495 521 474 443 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5
West................................... 453 440 465 456 452 434 468 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 1,681 1,728 1,652 1,743 1,956 1,761 1,554 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,566 1,610 1,552 1,644 1,852 1,655 1,454 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 115 117 100 98 104 106 100 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5
State and local government............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 343 327 277 334 331 298 318 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3
South.................................. 590 623 648 614 761 633 516 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.1
Midwest................................ 375 409 364 406 443 366 345 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1
West................................... 373 369 364 388 421 464 374 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 340 325 356 285 331 355 344 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 277 266 292 224 270 290 277 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 63 58 64 61 61 65 67 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
State and local government............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South.................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Midwest................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
West................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 3,642 3,667 3,988 2.7 2.7 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,303 3,264 3,574 2.9 2.8 3.1
Mining and Logging............................ 41 17 16 4.9 2.0 1.9
Construction.................................. 93 71 93 1.6 1.2 1.6
Manufacturing................................. 275 308 299 2.3 2.5 2.4
Durable goods................................ 193 203 206 2.6 2.6 2.7
Nondurable goods............................. 82 105 93 1.8 2.3 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 656 576 687 2.5 2.2 2.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 128 134 165 2.2 2.3 2.8
Retail trade................................. 395 349 401 2.6 2.3 2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 134 92 121 2.7 1.8 2.4
Information................................... 115 105 104 4.1 3.8 3.8
Financial activities.......................... 239 238 280 3.0 3.0 3.5
Finance and insurance........................ 175 190 173 2.9 3.2 2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 64 48 107 3.1 2.4 5.1
Professional and business services............ 693 634 685 3.8 3.4 3.7
Education and health services................. 655 677 741 3.2 3.3 3.6
Educational services......................... 81 51 99 2.7 1.6 3.2
Health care and social assistance............ 574 626 642 3.3 3.6 3.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 391 478 531 2.7 3.3 3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 71 48 49 3.1 2.2 2.2
Accommodation and food services.............. 320 431 482 2.6 3.5 3.8
Other services................................ 146 160 139 2.6 2.9 2.5
Government..................................... 339 403 413 1.6 1.8 2.0
Federal....................................... 53 68 59 1.8 2.3 2.0
State and local............................... 286 336 354 1.6 1.7 1.9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 625 659 719 2.4 2.5 2.8
South......................................... 1,361 1,417 1,528 2.8 2.8 3.1
Midwest....................................... 811 763 912 2.7 2.4 2.9
West.......................................... 845 828 829 2.9 2.7 2.8
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,578 4,988 4,703 3.5 3.7 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,293 4,591 4,356 3.9 4.1 3.9
Mining and Logging............................ 32 32 35 4.0 3.8 4.0
Construction.................................. 389 433 427 6.7 7.6 7.4
Manufacturing................................. 299 310 277 2.5 2.6 2.3
Durable goods................................ 162 187 153 2.2 2.5 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 138 123 124 3.1 2.7 2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 831 846 861 3.3 3.3 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 115 119 138 2.1 2.1 2.4
Retail trade................................. 564 567 572 3.8 3.8 3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 151 159 151 3.1 3.2 3.1
Information................................... 54 68 67 2.0 2.6 2.5
Financial activities.......................... 179 213 201 2.3 2.7 2.6
Finance and insurance........................ 124 142 129 2.1 2.5 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 55 71 72 2.8 3.6 3.6
Professional and business services............ 880 1,025 867 5.1 5.7 4.8
Education and health services................. 563 585 589 2.9 2.9 2.9
Educational services......................... 111 77 104 3.8 2.5 3.4
Health care and social assistance............ 452 508 485 2.7 3.0 2.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 810 846 792 5.8 6.0 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 121 157 108 5.5 7.3 4.9
Accommodation and food services.............. 689 689 685 5.8 5.7 5.7
Other services................................ 257 234 241 4.7 4.3 4.4
Government..................................... 285 396 347 1.4 1.8 1.7
Federal....................................... 24 41 25 .8 1.4 .9
State and local............................... 261 356 321 1.5 1.9 1.8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 856 900 810 3.4 3.5 3.2
South......................................... 1,651 1,845 1,779 3.5 3.8 3.7
Midwest....................................... 993 1,182 1,019 3.3 3.9 3.4
West.......................................... 1,078 1,061 1,095 3.7 3.6 3.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,511 4,456 4,510 3.4 3.3 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,108 3,947 4,118 3.7 3.5 3.7
Mining and Logging............................ 22 25 32 2.7 3.0 3.7
Construction.................................. 340 294 379 5.9 5.1 6.6
Manufacturing................................. 244 257 236 2.1 2.1 2.0
Durable goods................................ 129 148 127 1.8 2.0 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 116 109 109 2.6 2.4 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 820 803 845 3.3 3.2 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 118 107 141 2.1 1.9 2.5
Retail trade................................. 554 548 568 3.8 3.7 3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 149 148 136 3.1 3.0 2.8
Information................................... 65 55 58 2.4 2.1 2.2
Financial activities.......................... 172 171 190 2.2 2.2 2.4
Finance and insurance........................ 121 120 118 2.1 2.1 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 51 71 2.5 2.5 3.6
Professional and business services............ 879 898 848 5.0 5.0 4.7
Education and health services................. 551 611 569 2.8 3.0 2.8
Educational services......................... 114 145 102 3.9 4.7 3.4
Health care and social assistance............ 436 466 467 2.6 2.7 2.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 765 676 743 5.5 4.8 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 93 80 90 4.2 3.7 4.1
Accommodation and food services.............. 672 596 653 5.7 5.0 5.4
Other services................................ 251 158 217 4.6 2.9 4.0
Government..................................... 403 509 392 1.9 2.3 1.9
Federal....................................... 33 31 26 1.1 1.1 .9
State and local............................... 370 478 366 2.1 2.5 2.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 760 722 754 3.0 2.8 3.0
South......................................... 1,714 1,763 1,786 3.6 3.6 3.7
Midwest....................................... 1,017 957 916 3.4 3.1 3.0
West.......................................... 1,021 1,014 1,054 3.5 3.4 3.6
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 2,323 2,324 2,504 1.8 1.7 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,172 2,117 2,343 2.0 1.9 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 15 15 21 1.8 1.7 2.5
Construction.................................. 95 96 117 1.6 1.7 2.0
Manufacturing................................. 119 120 118 1.0 1.0 1.0
Durable goods................................ 55 62 59 .7 .8 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 64 58 59 1.4 1.3 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 461 479 520 1.8 1.9 2.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 50 65 88 .9 1.1 1.5
Retail trade................................. 341 339 358 2.3 2.3 2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 71 74 75 1.5 1.5 1.5
Information................................... 35 33 44 1.3 1.3 1.6
Financial activities.......................... 113 94 104 1.5 1.2 1.3
Finance and insurance........................ 87 65 60 1.5 1.1 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 26 29 44 1.3 1.5 2.2
Professional and business services............ 460 419 438 2.6 2.3 2.4
Education and health services................. 282 292 321 1.4 1.5 1.6
Educational services......................... 44 54 43 1.5 1.7 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 238 238 278 1.4 1.4 1.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 482 468 518 3.4 3.3 3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 56 52 57 2.5 2.4 2.6
Accommodation and food services.............. 426 416 461 3.6 3.5 3.8
Other services................................ 110 100 142 2.0 1.8 2.6
Government..................................... 152 207 161 .7 .9 .8
Federal....................................... 10 10 10 .4 .4 .3
State and local............................... 142 197 151 .8 1.0 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 313 337 339 1.3 1.3 1.3
South......................................... 923 987 1,107 1.9 2.0 2.3
Midwest....................................... 565 523 510 1.9 1.7 1.7
West.......................................... 523 478 549 1.8 1.6 1.9
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 1,786 1,712 1,587 1.4 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,624 1,542 1,457 1.5 1.4 1.3
Mining and Logging............................ 6 9 7 .7 1.0 .8
Construction.................................. 233 188 250 4.0 3.3 4.3
Manufacturing................................. 101 120 98 .9 1.0 .8
Durable goods................................ 60 74 59 .8 1.0 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 41 46 38 .9 1.0 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 266 248 245 1.1 1.0 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 49 32 41 .9 .6 .7
Retail trade................................. 161 159 155 1.1 1.1 1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 56 57 50 1.2 1.1 1.0
Information................................... 26 15 13 1.0 .6 .5
Financial activities.......................... 50 44 49 .6 .6 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 29 24 27 .5 .4 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 21 20 22 1.1 1.0 1.1
Professional and business services............ 375 418 334 2.2 2.3 1.9
Education and health services................. 215 267 213 1.1 1.3 1.1
Educational services......................... 62 80 53 2.1 2.6 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 153 188 160 .9 1.1 .9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 222 177 188 1.6 1.2 1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 34 26 31 1.5 1.2 1.4
Accommodation and food services.............. 188 151 157 1.6 1.3 1.3
Other services................................ 131 56 61 2.4 1.0 1.1
Government..................................... 162 169 130 .8 .8 .6
Federal....................................... 10 9 6 .3 .3 .2
State and local............................... 153 161 124 .9 .8 .7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 351 297 318 1.4 1.2 1.3
South......................................... 644 621 542 1.4 1.3 1.1
Midwest....................................... 373 349 322 1.3 1.1 1.1
West.......................................... 419 444 405 1.5 1.5 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 401 420 419 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 313 288 317 .3 .3 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 2 2 4 .2 .2 .4
Construction.................................. 13 10 13 .2 .2 .2
Manufacturing................................. 24 17 20 .2 .1 .2
Durable goods................................ 14 11 9 .2 .1 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 10 6 11 .2 .1 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 93 76 79 .4 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 19 9 12 .3 .2 .2
Retail trade................................. 53 49 56 .4 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 22 17 12 .4 .3 .2
Information................................... 4 7 2 .2 .3 .1
Financial activities.......................... 9 32 37 .1 .4 .5
Finance and insurance........................ 6 31 31 .1 .5 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 3 2 6 .2 .1 .3
Professional and business services............ 44 61 77 .3 .3 .4
Education and health services................. 54 52 34 .3 .3 .2
Educational services......................... 8 12 6 .3 .4 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 46 40 28 .3 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 60 30 38 .4 .2 .3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 3 1 2 .1 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services.............. 58 29 36 .5 .2 .3
Other services................................ 10 1 14 .2 (4) .3
Government..................................... 89 132 102 .4 .6 .5
Federal....................................... 13 12 10 .4 .4 .4
State and local............................... 76 120 91 .4 .6 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 96 88 98 .4 .3 .4
South......................................... 147 154 136 .3 .3 .3
Midwest....................................... 79 85 84 .3 .3 .3
West.......................................... 79 92 101 .3 .3 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p Preliminary
United States Department of Labor
