For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, September 12, 2017	USDL-17-1246

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.2 million on the last business day of July, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little changed 
at 5.5 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and 
discharges rate were little changed at 2.2 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of July, there were 6.2 million job openings, little changed from June. The job 
openings rate was 4.0 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and 
decreased for government (-58,000). Job openings increased in a number of industries with the largest 
increases occurring in other services (+111,000), transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+70,000), 
and educational services (+26,000). Job openings decreased in health care and social assistance 
(-72,000), state and local government, excluding education (-46,000), and federal government (-21,000). 
The number of job openings was little changed in the regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million in July. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires increased 
for federal government (+9,000), and was little changed for all other industries. The number of hires was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.3 million in July. The total separations rate was 
3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
Total separations increased in federal government (+8,000) but decreased in educational services 
(-19,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million in July. The quits rate was 2.2 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in educational 
services (-16,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

There were 1.8 million layoffs and discharges in July, little changed from June. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent in July. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 
private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level increased in federal government (+9,000). 
The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in July. The other separations level was also little 
changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in professional and business 
services (+31,000) and in information (+6,000), but decreased in wholesale trade (-15,000). In all four 
regions, the number of other separations was little changed. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 63.6 million and 
separations totaled 61.5 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2017 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, October 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,973	6,116	6,170	5,328	5,432	5,501	5,001	5,309	5,332
Total private	5,416	5,545	5,657	4,948	5,102	5,164	4,674	4,997	5,008
Mining and logging(1)	13	22	30	23	33	34	24	25	28
Construction(1)	238	212	232	335	345	366	311	340	373
Manufacturing	394	419	390	284	324	341	269	315	321
Durable goods(1)	231	232	211	169	190	196	160	182	179
Nondurable goods(1)	162	187	179	115	134	145	109	133	142
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,046	1,027	1,079	1,037	1,057	1,026	1,017	1,063	1,012
Wholesale trade(1)	168	229	202	132	134	140	146	131	141
Retail trade	626	615	625	717	726	697	697	737	690
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	252	183	253	187	196	189	174	196	182
Information(1)	84	102	113	76	68	78	83	67	78
Financial activities	322	353	354	183	205	202	171	200	197
Finance and insurance	234	285	270	116	132	134	105	130	121
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	68	84	66	74	68	66	70	75
Professional and business services	1,265	1,171	1,116	1,200	1,191	1,213	1,070	1,182	1,151
Education and health services	1,091	1,203	1,156	637	644	673	590	619	611
Educational services(1)	107	92	118	83	76	89	90	93	74
Health care and social assistance	984	1,111	1,039	554	567	584	500	526	537
Leisure and hospitality	760	819	858	1,019	1,018	1,011	954	980	983
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	112	90	88	172	167	153	143	170	177
Accommodation and food services	649	729	769	847	851	858	811	809	807
Other services(1)	203	218	329	155	218	220	185	206	255
Government	556	571	513	380	330	337	327	312	324
Federal(1)	91	101	80	41	28	37	37	31	39
State and local	465	471	433	339	302	300	290	282	285
State and local education	167	154	162	171	141	147	131	131	139
State and local, excluding education(1)	298	317	271	168	160	153	159	150	146
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.0	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.6
Total private	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging(1)	1.9	3.0	4.0	3.5	4.6	4.7	3.6	3.5	3.9
Construction(1)	3.4	3.0	3.2	5.0	5.0	5.3	4.6	4.9	5.4
Manufacturing	3.1	3.3	3.0	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.2	2.5	2.6
Durable goods(1)	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods(1)	3.4	3.9	3.7	2.5	2.9	3.1	2.3	2.9	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.7
Wholesale trade(1)	2.8	3.7	3.3	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.4
Retail trade	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.3	3.1	4.3	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.2
Information(1)	2.9	3.6	4.0	2.7	2.5	2.8	3.0	2.4	2.8
Financial activities	3.7	4.0	4.0	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.7	4.4	4.1	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.7	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.9	3.0	3.7	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.4
Professional and business services	5.9	5.4	5.1	6.0	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.7	5.6
Education and health services	4.6	5.0	4.8	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6
Educational services(1)	2.9	2.5	3.1	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.0
Health care and social assistance	4.9	5.4	5.1	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	4.6	4.9	5.1	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.7	3.8	3.7	7.6	7.4	6.7	6.4	7.5	7.8
Accommodation and food services	4.6	5.1	5.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.1	5.9	5.9
Other services(1)	3.4	3.7	5.4	2.7	3.8	3.8	3.3	3.6	4.4
Government	2.4	2.5	2.2	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
Federal(1)	3.2	3.5	2.8	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.4
State and local	2.3	2.4	2.2	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
State and local education	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.2	3.4	2.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	5,973	5,785	5,967	5,702	6,116	6,170	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,416	5,244	5,410	5,171	5,545	5,657	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.4
Mining and logging(3)	13	25	24	15	22	30	1.9	3.4	3.3	2.1	3.0	4.0
Construction(3)	238	161	200	163	212	232	3.4	2.3	2.8	2.3	3.0	3.2
Manufacturing	394	404	365	350	419	390	3.1	3.2	2.9	2.7	3.3	3.0
Durable goods(3)	231	230	207	201	232	211	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.9	2.6
Nondurable goods(3)	162	174	158	149	187	179	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.9	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,046	948	967	999	1,027	1,079	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.8
Wholesale trade(3)	168	183	210	185	229	202	2.8	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.7	3.3
Retail trade	626	593	566	666	615	625	3.8	3.6	3.5	4.0	3.7	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	252	172	190	149	183	253	4.3	3.0	3.3	2.6	3.1	4.3
Information(3)	84	83	109	88	102	113	2.9	3.0	3.8	3.1	3.6	4.0
Financial activities	322	327	388	349	353	354	3.7	3.7	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.0
Finance and insurance	234	260	283	266	285	270	3.7	4.0	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	68	105	83	68	84	3.9	3.0	4.6	3.7	3.0	3.7
Professional and business services	1,265	1,152	1,093	1,029	1,171	1,116	5.9	5.3	5.0	4.7	5.4	5.1
Education and health services	1,091	1,103	1,111	1,109	1,203	1,156	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.8
Educational services(3)	107	87	91	99	92	118	2.9	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.5	3.1
Health care and social assistance	984	1,016	1,020	1,010	1,111	1,039	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.4	5.1
Leisure and hospitality	760	735	827	798	819	858	4.6	4.4	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	112	77	66	58	90	88	4.7	3.3	2.8	2.5	3.8	3.7
Accommodation and food services	649	657	761	740	729	769	4.6	4.6	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.3
Other services(3)	203	306	327	270	218	329	3.4	5.1	5.4	4.5	3.7	5.4
Government	556	541	557	531	571	513	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2
Federal(3)	91	91	93	118	101	80	3.2	3.1	3.2	4.0	3.5	2.8
State and local	465	450	464	414	471	433	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.2
State and local education	167	163	166	145	154	162	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(3)	298	288	298	269	317	271	3.2	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.4	2.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,021	1,033	1,103	1,057	1,059	1,128	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.0
South	2,183	2,160	2,190	2,062	2,234	2,240	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.0	4.0
Midwest	1,340	1,349	1,424	1,296	1,467	1,413	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.3	4.2
West	1,429	1,243	1,250	1,288	1,356	1,389	4.2	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.9	4.0
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	5,328	5,304	5,043	5,459	5,432	5,501	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,948	4,975	4,720	5,126	5,102	5,164	4.0	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.2
Mining and logging	23	30	32	38	33	34	3.5	4.3	4.5	5.4	4.6	4.7
Construction	335	372	375	368	345	366	5.0	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.3
Manufacturing	284	325	314	329	324	341	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.7
Durable goods	169	177	164	183	190	196	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.5
Nondurable goods	115	147	150	146	134	145	2.5	3.2	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,037	1,051	969	1,055	1,057	1,026	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.9	3.7
Wholesale trade	132	129	116	126	134	140	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.4
Retail trade	717	725	677	731	726	697	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	187	197	176	198	196	189	3.4	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.4
Information	76	77	58	73	68	78	2.7	2.8	2.1	2.7	2.5	2.8
Financial activities	183	214	185	220	205	202	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.4
Finance and insurance	116	138	119	145	132	134	1.9	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.1	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	76	66	75	74	68	3.1	3.5	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.1
Professional and business services	1,200	1,060	1,006	1,168	1,191	1,213	6.0	5.2	4.9	5.7	5.8	5.8
Education and health services	637	679	614	670	644	673	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9
Educational services	83	96	97	101	76	89	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.1	2.5
Health care and social assistance	554	582	518	569	567	584	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.9	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,019	967	953	955	1,018	1,011	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.4	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	172	119	151	144	167	153	7.6	5.3	6.7	6.4	7.4	6.7
Accommodation and food services	847	849	802	811	851	858	6.3	6.3	5.9	5.9	6.2	6.3
Other services	155	200	213	250	218	220	2.7	3.5	3.7	4.3	3.8	3.8
Government	380	329	324	332	330	337	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Federal	41	34	34	29	28	37	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3
State and local	339	295	290	303	302	300	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	171	143	140	146	141	147	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local, excluding education	168	152	150	157	160	153	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	815	864	888	1,017	902	901	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.3
South	2,085	2,057	1,963	2,109	2,118	2,103	4.0	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.0	3.9
Midwest	1,199	1,131	1,083	1,167	1,256	1,299	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.9	4.0
West	1,230	1,252	1,110	1,165	1,157	1,198	3.7	3.8	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	5,001	5,198	5,008	5,245	5,309	5,332	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,674	4,882	4,681	4,914	4,997	5,008	3.8	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.0
Mining and logging	24	25	23	31	25	28	3.6	3.6	3.3	4.3	3.5	3.9
Construction	311	374	377	341	340	373	4.6	5.4	5.5	5.0	4.9	5.4
Manufacturing	269	318	317	325	315	321	2.2	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.6
Durable goods	160	173	162	171	182	179	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	109	146	155	153	133	142	2.3	3.1	3.3	3.3	2.9	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,017	1,063	948	1,051	1,063	1,012	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.7
Wholesale trade	146	132	116	116	131	141	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.4
Retail trade	697	745	663	747	737	690	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.7	4.7	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	186	168	187	196	182	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.2
Information	83	79	74	79	67	78	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.8
Financial activities	171	201	184	213	200	197	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.3
Finance and insurance	105	126	110	132	130	121	1.7	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	75	74	81	70	75	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.2	3.4
Professional and business services	1,070	1,033	1,001	1,116	1,182	1,151	5.3	5.0	4.9	5.4	5.7	5.6
Education and health services	590	635	594	625	619	611	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6
Educational services	90	90	86	92	93	74	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.0
Health care and social assistance	500	545	508	532	526	537	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	954	966	943	942	980	983	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.9	6.1	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	143	137	133	137	170	177	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.5	7.8
Accommodation and food services	811	829	810	804	809	807	6.1	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.9
Other services	185	188	220	192	206	255	3.3	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.6	4.4
Government	327	315	328	331	312	324	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
Federal	37	37	34	26	31	39	1.3	1.3	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.4
State and local	290	278	293	305	282	285	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local education	131	130	147	139	131	139	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education	159	148	147	166	150	146	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	832	816	808	839	865	881	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.3
South	1,976	2,057	1,992	2,190	2,164	2,139	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.1	4.1	4.0
Midwest	1,095	1,162	1,044	1,096	1,143	1,214	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.7
West	1,099	1,163	1,165	1,119	1,138	1,097	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	3,031	3,138	3,044	3,206	3,130	3,164	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,862	2,962	2,887	3,035	2,966	2,998	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.4
Mining and logging	11	13	11	14	15	18	1.7	1.9	1.6	2.0	2.1	2.5
Construction	127	164	159	142	135	147	1.9	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.1
Manufacturing	148	183	178	202	197	189	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.5
Durable goods	82	94	94	104	108	107	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	66	89	84	98	90	82	1.4	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	652	678	581	675	641	663	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.5	2.3	2.4
Wholesale trade	93	76	72	72	74	88	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5
Retail trade	466	498	420	498	462	462	2.9	3.1	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	93	105	89	104	105	112	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.9	1.9	2.0
Information	40	43	37	31	37	44	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.6
Financial activities	102	105	111	131	105	113	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.3
Finance and insurance	62	71	71	80	61	72	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	41	34	40	52	44	41	1.9	1.5	1.8	2.4	2.0	1.9
Professional and business services	604	618	630	616	634	610	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9
Education and health services	396	426	402	421	422	402	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7
Educational services	50	48	45	45	49	33	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.9
Health care and social assistance	345	379	357	376	373	369	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	652	649	667	690	648	654	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	76	77	67	63	53	2.9	3.4	3.4	3.0	2.8	2.3
Accommodation and food services	587	573	590	623	585	600	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.4
Other services(3)	129	83	111	112	132	159	2.3	1.4	1.9	2.0	2.3	2.8
Government	169	176	157	172	164	166	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7
Federal	13	16	14	11	14	14	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local	155	159	143	160	151	152	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local education	70	72	75	78	76	80	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	85	87	67	83	75	72	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	438	419	446	472	458	438	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6
South	1,227	1,308	1,220	1,311	1,281	1,330	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.5
Midwest	656	695	639	691	661	714	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.2
West	710	715	740	733	730	683	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	1,609	1,661	1,605	1,673	1,806	1,783	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,508	1,582	1,500	1,577	1,713	1,677	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mining and logging(3)	8	8	9	13	7	8	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.9	1.0	1.1
Construction	164	197	207	187	194	215	2.4	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1
Manufacturing	95	112	117	103	95	108	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	62	67	55	59	61	57	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	33	44	63	44	34	51	0.7	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	280	303	282	283	317	270	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0
Wholesale trade(3)	38	45	33	36	32	43	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7
Retail trade	176	195	183	184	208	168	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	66	63	66	63	77	60	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.1
Information	29	28	24	33	25	22	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.9	0.8
Financial activities	47	70	45	51	63	62	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.7
Finance and insurance	24	32	19	25	42	31	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	23	38	25	26	22	31	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.4
Professional and business services	410	325	315	440	488	450	2.0	1.6	1.5	2.1	2.4	2.2
Education and health services	149	161	158	168	153	160	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Educational services	31	36	37	40	34	33	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9
Health care and social assistance	119	126	121	129	119	127	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	269	278	247	222	309	298	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	76	58	54	67	106	122	3.4	2.6	2.4	3.0	4.7	5.3
Accommodation and food services	193	220	194	155	203	177	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.5	1.3
Other services	56	100	96	76	62	83	1.0	1.8	1.7	1.3	1.1	1.4
Government	101	79	104	97	93	107	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Federal	12	11	11	9	8	17	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.6
State and local	89	69	94	88	85	90	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local education	42	32	42	37	33	38	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
State and local, excluding education	47	36	52	51	52	53	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
REGION(4)
Northeast	326	327	295	303	345	368	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.4
South	609	601	646	751	730	676	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.3
Midwest	361	368	333	321	408	421	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.3
West	312	365	331	298	322	319	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	362	399	359	365	373	384	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	304	338	293	303	318	333	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	4	4	3	3	3	3	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Construction(3)	20	13	11	13	12	10	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	26	23	21	19	23	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	17	11	13	8	13	14	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	9	12	8	11	10	9	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	84	82	84	93	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wholesale trade	15	12	11	8	25	10	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.2
Retail trade	55	52	60	65	67	60	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	15	18	13	20	14	10	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information(3)	13	9	13	15	5	11	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	22	25	28	30	32	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	20	22	20	27	27	18	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	2	3	8	3	4	3	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	55	90	57	60	60	91	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	45	48	34	36	44	49	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services(3)	9	7	4	8	10	8	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	36	41	30	28	34	41	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	40	29	29	22	31	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	2	3	3	3	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	30	37	26	26	21	29	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	1	5	13	4	12	13	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Government	58	60	66	63	55	51	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	10	9	6	8	8	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local	46	50	57	57	46	43	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local education	19	25	29	24	23	21	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	27	25	28	33	23	21	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	68	70	67	65	61	76	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	140	148	126	128	154	134	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Midwest	78	98	72	84	73	80	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	77	82	94	88	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	6,254	6,075	6,502	4.2	4.0	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,654	5,470	5,937	4.4	4.2	4.5
Mining and logging	13	22	30	1.9	2.9	4.0
Construction	238	212	232	3.3	2.9	3.1
Manufacturing	394	419	390	3.1	3.2	3.0
Durable goods	231	232	211	2.9	2.9	2.6
Nondurable goods	162	187	179	3.3	3.8	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,127	992	1,170	4.0	3.5	4.1
Wholesale trade	168	229	202	2.8	3.7	3.3
Retail trade	707	580	715	4.3	3.5	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	252	183	253	4.4	3.1	4.3
Information	84	102	113	2.9	3.6	4.0
Financial activities	330	351	360	3.8	4.0	4.0
Finance and insurance	242	283	276	3.8	4.3	4.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	68	84	3.8	2.9	3.6
Professional and business services	1,295	1,191	1,157	6.0	5.4	5.3
Education and health services	1,163	1,146	1,230	5.0	4.8	5.1
Educational services	107	92	118	3.2	2.6	3.4
Health care and social assistance	1,057	1,054	1,112	5.3	5.1	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	806	819	927	4.7	4.7	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	87	86	3.8	3.3	3.2
Accommodation and food services	704	732	841	4.9	5.0	5.6
Other services	203	218	329	3.4	3.6	5.3
Government	600	605	565	2.8	2.6	2.6
Federal	91	101	80	3.1	3.4	2.8
State and local	508	504	485	2.7	2.5	2.6
State and local education	210	187	214	2.3	1.8	2.3
State and local, excluding education	298	317	271	3.1	3.3	2.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,061	1,017	1,188	3.8	3.6	4.2
South	2,289	2,239	2,373	4.2	4.0	4.3
Midwest	1,402	1,445	1,469	4.2	4.2	4.3
West	1,501	1,374	1,472	4.4	3.9	4.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	5,731	6,204	5,970	4.0	4.2	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,323	5,770	5,608	4.3	4.6	4.5
Mining and logging	24	38	35	3.5	5.3	4.9
Construction	396	406	438	5.7	5.7	6.1
Manufacturing	311	399	382	2.5	3.2	3.1
Durable goods	179	233	214	2.3	3.0	2.7
Nondurable goods	132	166	168	2.8	3.5	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,050	1,049	1,029	3.9	3.8	3.8
Wholesale trade	148	152	159	2.5	2.6	2.7
Retail trade	710	719	686	4.5	4.5	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	191	178	185	3.5	3.2	3.3
Information	81	79	83	2.9	2.9	3.0
Financial activities	204	247	226	2.4	2.9	2.6
Finance and insurance	133	159	153	2.2	2.5	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	88	72	3.2	3.9	3.2
Professional and business services	1,244	1,287	1,280	6.1	6.2	6.1
Education and health services	731	703	778	3.3	3.1	3.4
Educational services	104	90	111	3.2	2.6	3.3
Health care and social assistance	627	614	667	3.3	3.1	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,085	1,269	1,093	6.6	7.6	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	170	279	155	6.5	10.8	5.9
Accommodation and food services	915	991	937	6.6	7.1	6.7
Other services	197	293	264	3.4	5.0	4.5
Government	408	435	362	1.9	2.0	1.7
Federal	36	33	34	1.3	1.2	1.2
State and local	372	401	328	2.0	2.1	1.8
State and local education	177	116	151	2.0	1.2	1.7
State and local, excluding education	195	285	177	2.1	3.1	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	895	1,056	984	3.4	3.9	3.6
South	2,254	2,319	2,282	4.3	4.3	4.3
Midwest	1,210	1,480	1,351	3.8	4.5	4.2
West	1,372	1,349	1,352	4.2	4.0	4.0
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	5,378	5,499	5,695	3.7	3.7	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,975	5,020	5,302	4.0	4.0	4.2
Mining and logging	26	24	31	3.9	3.4	4.3
Construction	326	297	394	4.7	4.2	5.5
Manufacturing	287	330	339	2.3	2.6	2.7
Durable goods	176	190	201	2.3	2.4	2.6
Nondurable goods	111	140	138	2.4	3.0	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,050	1,027	1,046	3.9	3.7	3.8
Wholesale trade	153	130	152	2.6	2.2	2.5
Retail trade	714	709	703	4.5	4.5	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	183	187	191	3.3	3.3	3.4
Information	89	65	84	3.2	2.4	3.0
Financial activities	170	199	198	2.0	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	103	131	119	1.7	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	68	78	3.0	3.1	3.5
Professional and business services	1,098	1,186	1,197	5.4	5.7	5.7
Education and health services	713	735	725	3.2	3.2	3.2
Educational services	132	173	107	4.1	5.1	3.2
Health care and social assistance	581	562	619	3.0	2.9	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,023	952	1,021	6.2	5.7	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	125	125	132	4.8	4.9	5.0
Accommodation and food services	899	827	888	6.5	5.9	6.3
Other services	192	205	267	3.3	3.5	4.6
Government	403	479	393	1.9	2.2	1.9
Federal	31	27	33	1.1	1.0	1.2
State and local	372	452	360	2.0	2.3	2.0
State and local education	205	298	212	2.3	3.0	2.4
State and local, excluding education	167	154	149	1.8	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	894	859	943	3.4	3.2	3.5
South	2,139	2,293	2,316	4.1	4.3	4.3
Midwest	1,123	1,157	1,247	3.5	3.5	3.8
West	1,222	1,190	1,188	3.7	3.5	3.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	3,456	3,323	3,598	2.4	2.3	2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,244	3,075	3,387	2.6	2.5	2.7
Mining and logging	13	15	21	2.0	2.0	2.9
Construction	161	139	185	2.3	2.0	2.6
Manufacturing	171	211	216	1.4	1.7	1.7
Durable goods	96	115	128	1.2	1.5	1.6
Nondurable goods	76	96	88	1.6	2.1	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	692	644	710	2.5	2.3	2.6
Wholesale trade	98	78	97	1.7	1.3	1.6
Retail trade	489	462	482	3.1	2.9	3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	106	104	130	1.9	1.8	2.3
Information	45	36	50	1.6	1.3	1.8
Financial activities	107	110	120	1.3	1.3	1.4
Finance and insurance	66	66	78	1.1	1.1	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	41	44	41	1.8	2.0	1.8
Professional and business services	680	648	686	3.4	3.1	3.3
Education and health services	480	472	478	2.2	2.1	2.1
Educational services	73	79	48	2.2	2.3	1.4
Health care and social assistance	407	394	430	2.1	2.0	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	766	669	764	4.7	4.0	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	85	66	67	3.3	2.6	2.6
Accommodation and food services	681	602	696	4.9	4.3	4.9
Other services	129	132	159	2.2	2.3	2.7
Government	211	248	212	1.0	1.1	1.0
Federal	14	14	14	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	198	234	198	1.1	1.2	1.1
State and local education	101	153	118	1.1	1.5	1.3
State and local, excluding education	97	81	81	1.0	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	501	472	497	1.9	1.7	1.8
South	1,397	1,381	1,524	2.7	2.6	2.9
Midwest	736	692	802	2.3	2.1	2.5
West	822	777	775	2.5	2.3	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	1,546	1,769	1,704	1.1	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,429	1,642	1,587	1.2	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging	8	7	8	1.2	1.0	1.0
Construction	145	147	199	2.1	2.1	2.8
Manufacturing	89	96	99	0.7	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	63	61	58	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nondurable goods	26	35	41	0.6	0.7	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	263	289	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
Wholesale trade	38	32	43	0.6	0.5	0.7
Retail trade	163	187	151	1.0	1.2	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	62	70	51	1.1	1.2	0.9
Information	31	25	23	1.1	0.9	0.8
Financial activities	45	55	62	0.5	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	21	36	28	0.3	0.6	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	23	19	34	1.1	0.9	1.5
Professional and business services	372	483	431	1.8	2.3	2.1
Education and health services	187	218	199	0.8	1.0	0.9
Educational services	50	84	51	1.6	2.5	1.5
Health care and social assistance	137	134	148	0.7	0.7	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	225	260	226	1.4	1.6	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	38	57	63	1.5	2.2	2.4
Accommodation and food services	187	204	163	1.4	1.5	1.2
Other services	63	61	95	1.1	1.0	1.6
Government	118	127	117	0.6	0.6	0.6
Federal	8	5	11	0.3	0.2	0.4
State and local	110	122	106	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local education	71	76	62	0.8	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	40	46	44	0.4	0.5	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	320	319	364	1.2	1.2	1.3
South	595	740	657	1.1	1.4	1.2
Midwest	309	389	366	1.0	1.2	1.1
West	322	321	318	1.0	1.0	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017(p)
Total	376	408	393	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	302	304	329	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	5	2	3	0.7	0.3	0.4
Construction	20	12	10	0.3	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	27	24	24	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	18	14	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	10	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	94	93	91	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	17	19	12	0.3	0.3	0.2
Retail trade	62	60	69	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	15	14	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	13	5	11	0.5	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	18	34	16	0.2	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	16	29	13	0.3	0.5	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	4	3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	46	55	80	0.2	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	45	44	49	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	9	10	8	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance	36	34	41	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	22	31	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	30	21	29	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services	1	12	13	0.0	0.2	0.2
Government	74	104	64	0.4	0.5	0.3
Federal	10	7	8	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	64	96	56	0.4	0.5	0.3
State and local education	33	69	32	0.4	0.7	0.4
State and local, excluding education	31	27	24	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	73	68	82	0.3	0.3	0.3
South	147	172	136	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	77	76	79	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	79	92	96	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.