Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 3, 2023    USDL-23-2127
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2023

The number of job openings increased to 9.6 million on the last business day of August, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations changed 
little at 5.9 million and 5.7 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.6 million) and layoffs and 
discharges (1.7 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size 
class.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings increased to 9.6 million 
(+690,000) and 5.8 percent, respectively. Over the month, job openings increased in professional and 
business services (+509,000), finance and insurance (+96,000), state and local government education 
(+76,000), nondurable goods manufacturing (+59,000), and federal government (+31,000). 
(See table 1.)

Hires

In August, the number of hires changed little at 5.9 million and the rate was unchanged at 3.7 percent. 
The number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 
employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 
other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in August was little changed at 5.7 million, and the rate was 
unchanged at 3.6 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in accommodation 
and food services (+105,000) but decreased in information (-41,000) and federal government (-8,000). 
(See table 3.)

In August, the number of quits changed little at 3.6 million and the rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent. 
The number of quits increased in accommodation and food services (+88,000); finance and insurance  
(+28,000); state and local government, excluding education (+21,000); and arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (+18,000). The number of quits decreased in information (-30,000). (See table 4.)

In August, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.7 million, and the rate held at 1.1 
percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local government, excluding 
education (-39,000), but increased in state and local government education (+27,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August at 357,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In August, the layoffs and discharges rate for establishments with 1 to 9 employees decreased. Job 
openings, hires, and total separations rates were little changed for establishments with 5,000 or more 
employees. (See table 7.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, November 1, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	10,198	8,920	9,610	6,478	5,822	5,857	6,244	5,638	5,676
Total private	9,179	7,958	8,558	6,061	5,464	5,499	5,859	5,268	5,320
Mining and logging	20	26	30	19	28	28	20	25	28
Construction	345	353	350	382	382	356	380	364	337
Manufacturing	832	544	616	473	405	402	438	415	391
Durable goods	516	368	380	276	214	206	240	211	194
Nondurable goods	316	177	236	197	191	196	198	204	197
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,589	1,442	1,333	1,331	1,183	1,144	1,302	1,158	1,139
Wholesale trade	344	246	231	173	147	151	164	125	137
Retail trade	790	713	665	786	737	678	786	714	667
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	455	483	436	372	299	315	351	318	335
Information	227	254	234	111	85	77	119	113	72
Financial activities	521	476	562	243	206	215	233	181	208
Finance and insurance	341	321	417	155	127	146	145	112	131
Real estate and rental and leasing	180	154	146	88	79	69	88	69	77
Professional and business services	1,877	1,432	1,941	1,216	1,090	1,115	1,191	1,096	1,131
Education and health services	2,089	1,891	1,931	862	865	860	763	759	732
Educational services	172	175	176	99	93	98	85	95	89
Health care and social assistance	1,917	1,716	1,756	763	772	763	678	664	643
Leisure and hospitality	1,405	1,231	1,177	1,177	1,019	1,103	1,166	953	1,081
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	188	156	158	165	152	168	159	144	166
Accommodation and food services	1,217	1,075	1,020	1,013	867	936	1,007	809	914
Other services	274	308	383	247	203	198	248	205	201
Government	1,019	962	1,052	417	357	358	385	370	355
Federal	134	151	182	38	46	40	41	39	31
State and local	884	812	870	380	312	318	344	331	324
State and local education	306	219	295	184	140	157	176	165	180
State and local, excluding education	579	592	576	195	171	160	168	166	144
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.2	5.4	5.8	4.2	3.7	3.7	4.1	3.6	3.6
Total private	6.5	5.6	6.0	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.5	3.9	4.0
Mining and logging	3.1	3.9	4.5	3.2	4.3	4.4	3.3	3.8	4.3
Construction	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.9	4.8	4.4	4.9	4.6	4.2
Manufacturing	6.1	4.0	4.5	3.7	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.2	3.0
Durable goods	6.0	4.3	4.5	3.4	2.6	2.5	3.0	2.6	2.4
Nondurable goods	6.1	3.5	4.6	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.2	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.1	4.0	4.5	4.0	3.9
Wholesale trade	5.4	3.9	3.7	2.9	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.3
Retail trade	4.8	4.4	4.1	5.1	4.7	4.4	5.1	4.6	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.9	6.2	5.7	5.1	4.1	4.4	4.8	4.4	4.6
Information	6.8	7.6	7.1	3.6	2.8	2.5	3.8	3.7	2.3
Financial activities	5.4	4.9	5.8	2.7	2.2	2.3	2.6	2.0	2.3
Finance and insurance	4.9	4.6	5.8	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.2	1.7	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	7.0	6.0	5.7	3.7	3.3	2.8	3.7	2.8	3.2
Professional and business services	7.6	5.9	7.8	5.4	4.7	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.9
Education and health services	7.9	6.9	7.0	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.0	2.9
Educational services	4.3	4.3	4.3	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.3
Health care and social assistance	8.5	7.4	7.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	8.1	6.9	6.6	7.4	6.1	6.6	7.3	5.7	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.5	6.0	6.0	7.1	6.2	6.8	6.9	5.8	6.7
Accommodation and food services	8.2	7.1	6.7	7.4	6.1	6.6	7.4	5.7	6.4
Other services	4.6	5.0	6.1	4.3	3.5	3.4	4.3	3.5	3.4
Government	4.4	4.1	4.4	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
Federal	4.5	4.9	5.8	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.1
State and local	4.4	4.0	4.2	2.0	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6
State and local education	2.9	2.1	2.8	1.8	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.7
State and local, excluding education	6.0	6.0	5.8	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	10,198	9,616	9,165	8,920	9,610	690	6.2	5.8	5.5	5.4	5.8	0.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,179	8,496	8,048	7,958	8,558	600	6.5	6.0	5.7	5.6	6.0	0.4
Mining and logging	20	32	31	26	30	4	3.1	4.7	4.6	3.9	4.5	0.6
Construction	345	379	386	353	350	-3	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.2	4.2	0.0
Manufacturing	832	608	580	544	616	72	6.1	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.5	0.5
Durable goods	516	379	364	368	380	12	6.0	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.5	0.2
Nondurable goods	316	229	215	177	236	59	6.1	4.5	4.2	3.5	4.6	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,589	1,638	1,450	1,442	1,333	-109	5.2	5.4	4.8	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Wholesale trade	344	252	269	246	231	-15	5.4	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Retail trade	790	816	737	713	665	-48	4.8	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	455	571	444	483	436	-47	5.9	7.3	5.7	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Information	227	190	159	254	234	-20	6.8	5.8	4.9	7.6	7.1	-0.5
Financial activities	521	430	457	476	562	86	5.4	4.5	4.8	4.9	5.8	0.9
Finance and insurance	341	306	328	321	417	96	4.9	4.4	4.6	4.6	5.8	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	180	124	129	154	146	-8	7.0	4.9	5.1	6.0	5.7	-0.3
Professional and business services	1,877	1,695	1,534	1,432	1,941	509	7.6	6.9	6.2	5.9	7.8	1.9
Education and health services	2,089	1,905	1,910	1,891	1,931	40	7.9	7.0	7.0	6.9	7.0	0.1
Educational services	172	204	173	175	176	1	4.3	4.9	4.2	4.3	4.3	0.0
Health care and social assistance	1,917	1,701	1,737	1,716	1,756	40	8.5	7.4	7.5	7.4	7.5	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,405	1,303	1,166	1,231	1,177	-54	8.1	7.3	6.6	6.9	6.6	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	188	154	162	156	158	2	7.5	5.9	6.2	6.0	6.0	0.0
Accommodation and food services	1,217	1,149	1,004	1,075	1,020	-55	8.2	7.5	6.6	7.1	6.7	-0.4
Other services	274	317	376	308	383	75	4.6	5.1	6.0	5.0	6.1	1.1
Government	1,019	1,120	1,117	962	1,052	90	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.1	4.4	0.3
Federal	134	181	155	151	182	31	4.5	5.9	5.0	4.9	5.8	0.9
State and local	884	938	962	812	870	58	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.0	4.2	0.2
State and local education	306	338	288	219	295	76	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.1	2.8	0.7
State and local, excluding education	579	600	674	592	576	-16	6.0	6.1	6.8	6.0	5.8	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,669	1,436	1,493	1,490	1,541	51	5.7	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.2	0.1
South	3,970	4,035	3,785	3,511	3,789	278	6.5	6.5	6.1	5.7	6.1	0.4
Midwest	2,142	2,106	1,918	1,827	2,065	238	6.1	5.9	5.4	5.2	5.8	0.6
West	2,417	2,039	1,970	2,092	2,216	124	6.3	5.2	5.1	5.4	5.7	0.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	6,478	6,231	5,940	5,822	5,857	35	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.7	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,061	5,828	5,554	5,464	5,499	35	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	0.0
Mining and logging	19	29	26	28	28	0	3.2	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.4	0.1
Construction	382	361	372	382	356	-26	4.9	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Manufacturing	473	451	396	405	402	-3	3.7	3.5	3.1	3.1	3.1	0.0
Durable goods	276	250	203	214	206	-8	3.4	3.1	2.5	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Nondurable goods	197	201	194	191	196	5	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,331	1,325	1,174	1,183	1,144	-39	4.6	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Wholesale trade	173	170	143	147	151	4	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.4	2.5	0.1
Retail trade	786	819	717	737	678	-59	5.1	5.3	4.6	4.7	4.4	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	372	336	314	299	315	16	5.1	4.6	4.3	4.1	4.4	0.3
Information	111	67	79	85	77	-8	3.6	2.2	2.6	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Financial activities	243	233	183	206	215	9	2.7	2.5	2.0	2.2	2.3	0.1
Finance and insurance	155	171	109	127	146	19	2.3	2.5	1.6	1.9	2.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	62	74	79	69	-10	3.7	2.6	3.1	3.3	2.8	-0.5
Professional and business services	1,216	1,117	1,113	1,090	1,115	25	5.4	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.8	0.1
Education and health services	862	948	934	865	860	-5	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.4	0.0
Educational services	99	99	104	93	98	5	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	0.1
Health care and social assistance	763	849	830	772	763	-9	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,177	1,077	1,057	1,019	1,103	84	7.4	6.5	6.4	6.1	6.6	0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	150	182	152	168	16	7.1	6.2	7.4	6.2	6.8	0.6
Accommodation and food services	1,013	926	874	867	936	69	7.4	6.6	6.2	6.1	6.6	0.5
Other services	247	221	220	203	198	-5	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Government	417	403	386	357	358	1	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.0
Federal	38	51	49	46	40	-6	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.4	-0.2
State and local	380	352	337	312	318	6	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.0
State and local education	184	185	177	140	157	17	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.5	0.1
State and local, excluding education	195	167	160	171	160	-11	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.7	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	914	900	884	871	937	66	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.4	0.3
South	2,656	2,631	2,495	2,456	2,528	72	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.3	0.1
Midwest	1,369	1,366	1,214	1,188	1,206	18	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
West	1,539	1,334	1,347	1,307	1,186	-121	4.2	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.2	-0.3
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	6,244	5,925	5,691	5,638	5,676	38	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,859	5,579	5,365	5,268	5,320	52	4.5	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
Mining and logging	20	25	27	25	28	3	3.3	3.8	4.3	3.8	4.3	0.5
Construction	380	341	318	364	337	-27	4.9	4.3	4.0	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Manufacturing	438	445	391	415	391	-24	3.4	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Durable goods	240	238	195	211	194	-17	3.0	2.9	2.4	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Nondurable goods	198	207	197	204	197	-7	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,302	1,346	1,163	1,158	1,139	-19	4.5	4.7	4.0	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Wholesale trade	164	173	149	125	137	12	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.3	0.2
Retail trade	786	847	699	714	667	-47	5.1	5.4	4.5	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	351	326	314	318	335	17	4.8	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.6	0.2
Information	119	83	86	113	72	-41	3.8	2.7	2.8	3.7	2.3	-1.4
Financial activities	233	203	166	181	208	27	2.6	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	145	145	105	112	131	19	2.2	2.2	1.6	1.7	2.0	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	58	60	69	77	8	3.7	2.4	2.5	2.8	3.2	0.4
Professional and business services	1,191	1,014	1,123	1,096	1,131	35	5.2	4.4	4.9	4.8	4.9	0.1
Education and health services	763	889	842	759	732	-27	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Educational services	85	89	94	95	89	-6	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	678	801	749	664	643	-21	3.3	3.8	3.5	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,166	1,024	1,025	953	1,081	128	7.3	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.5	0.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	159	141	161	144	166	22	6.9	5.8	6.5	5.8	6.7	0.9
Accommodation and food services	1,007	883	865	809	914	105	7.4	6.3	6.1	5.7	6.4	0.7
Other services	248	210	224	205	201	-4	4.3	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Government	385	346	326	370	355	-15	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6	0.0
Federal	41	44	42	39	31	-8	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.1	-0.2
State and local	344	303	284	331	324	-7	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.6	-0.1
State and local education	176	156	153	165	180	15	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.7	0.1
State and local, excluding education	168	146	131	166	144	-22	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.5	-0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	916	864	828	826	747	-79	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.7	-0.3
South	2,644	2,604	2,391	2,376	2,380	4	4.6	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
Midwest	1,231	1,218	1,214	1,191	1,338	147	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	4.0	0.4
West	1,453	1,239	1,258	1,245	1,210	-35	4.0	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	4,242	4,067	3,802	3,619	3,638	19	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,016	3,869	3,618	3,409	3,422	13	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	0.0
Mining and logging	14	16	16	16	17	1	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.6	0.2
Construction	227	207	180	182	167	-15	2.9	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Manufacturing	284	283	258	259	229	-30	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Durable goods	157	143	123	125	104	-21	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Nondurable goods	127	140	135	134	126	-8	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	900	913	798	799	776	-23	3.1	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.7	-0.1
Wholesale trade	99	115	106	81	102	21	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.3	1.7	0.4
Retail trade	572	593	493	528	476	-52	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	228	204	199	190	198	8	3.1	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.7	0.1
Information	56	34	48	57	27	-30	1.8	1.1	1.5	1.8	0.9	-0.9
Financial activities	149	133	125	112	141	29	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5	0.3
Finance and insurance	90	92	77	65	93	28	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	41	48	47	47	0	2.5	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
Professional and business services	717	637	612	600	596	-4	3.2	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.6	0.0
Education and health services	579	675	614	524	495	-29	2.4	2.7	2.4	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Educational services	56	61	55	55	51	-4	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	523	613	559	469	444	-25	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	922	809	828	732	837	105	5.8	4.9	5.0	4.4	5.0	0.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	74	83	106	90	108	18	3.2	3.4	4.3	3.7	4.3	0.6
Accommodation and food services	848	725	722	642	730	88	6.2	5.1	5.1	4.5	5.1	0.6
Other services	168	163	139	129	136	7	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.2	2.3	0.1
Government	226	197	184	211	216	5	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Federal	23	20	20	18	15	-3	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	-0.1
State and local	203	177	164	192	201	9	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.0
State and local education	102	97	100	115	102	-13	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	101	80	64	78	99	21	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	623	549	475	473	401	-72	2.3	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
South	1,850	1,872	1,683	1,617	1,646	29	3.2	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.8	0.0
Midwest	815	809	812	745	830	85	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
West	954	836	832	784	760	-24	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	1,627	1,546	1,551	1,681	1,680	-1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,536	1,460	1,464	1,577	1,591	14	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
Mining and logging	6	8	11	7	10	3	0.9	1.3	1.7	1.1	1.5	0.4
Construction	130	127	122	178	159	-19	1.7	1.6	1.5	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Manufacturing	118	142	113	134	142	8	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Durable goods	60	84	61	73	79	6	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Nondurable goods	58	58	51	60	62	2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	334	387	312	304	297	-7	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Wholesale trade	53	52	34	41	23	-18	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.4	-0.3
Retail trade	182	232	180	158	162	4	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	100	103	97	105	113	8	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.6	0.2
Information	59	41	26	46	27	-19	1.9	1.3	0.8	1.5	0.9	-0.6
Financial activities	56	50	24	43	55	12	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.1
Finance and insurance	32	37	14	26	34	8	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	13	11	17	21	4	1.0	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.9	0.2
Professional and business services	412	310	423	417	432	15	1.8	1.3	1.8	1.8	1.9	0.1
Education and health services	134	151	181	174	198	24	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.1
Educational services	24	22	32	34	36	2	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Health care and social assistance	110	130	149	141	162	21	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	218	202	183	212	225	13	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.4	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	55	51	49	55	6	3.6	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	136	147	132	163	170	7	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.2	0.0
Other services	69	41	69	62	47	-15	1.2	0.7	1.2	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Government	92	86	87	104	90	-14	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	-0.1
Federal	7	8	8	7	6	-1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
State and local	84	78	79	96	84	-12	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	-0.1
State and local education	40	37	34	28	55	27	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2
State and local, excluding education	44	41	45	68	29	-39	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.3	-0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	230	256	269	309	278	-31	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
South	651	616	591	615	600	-15	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Midwest	339	342	322	368	442	74	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.3	0.2
West	407	332	369	388	361	-27	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
Total	375	313	339	338	357	19	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	307	250	284	282	307	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	1	1	2	1	-1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Construction	22	7	16	4	11	7	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	36	20	20	22	20	-2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	23	12	10	13	11	-2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Nondurable goods	14	8	10	9	9	0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	68	47	52	54	66	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	12	6	8	3	12	9	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	32	23	26	28	30	2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	24	19	18	23	24	1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Information	4	8	12	11	19	8	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.2
Financial activities	28	20	16	27	12	-15	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	24	16	15	22	4	-18	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	4	1	5	8	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Professional and business services	62	66	88	79	103	24	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
Education and health services	50	63	47	61	39	-22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Educational services	4	5	7	7	3	-4	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	45	57	40	54	36	-18	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	26	13	14	8	18	10	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	4	5	4	-1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Accommodation and food services	23	10	10	4	14	10	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other services	10	6	16	15	17	2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Government	68	63	55	56	50	-6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Federal	11	15	14	13	11	-2	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	57	48	41	43	39	-4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	34	22	19	23	23	0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	23	26	22	20	16	-4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	64	59	84	43	67	24	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	144	117	118	144	134	-10	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	77	66	80	78	67	-11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	91	70	58	73	89	16	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	May 2023	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Change from: July 2023 - Aug. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,179	8,496	8,048	7,958	8,558	600	6.5	6.0	5.7	5.6	6.0	0.4
1 to 9 employees	1,570	1,439	1,472	1,565	1,787	222	6.5	6.3	6.3	6.9	7.9	1.0
10 to 49 employees	2,939	2,559	2,435	2,292	2,359	67	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.1	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	2,655	2,514	2,303	2,207	2,379	172	6.7	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.7	0.5
250 to 999 employees	1,106	1,080	1,003	1,035	1,110	75	6.6	6.1	5.5	5.6	6.0	0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	630	643	566	562	627	65	7.6	7.9	7.1	6.6	7.2	0.6
5,000 or more employees	279	262	269	296	295	-1	7.5	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.3	-0.3
HIRES
Total private	6,061	5,828	5,554	5,464	5,499	35	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	0.0
1 to 9 employees	880	951	875	838	829	-9	3.9	4.4	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
10 to 49 employees	2,080	1,863	1,772	1,649	1,754	105	4.6	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.0	0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,868	1,803	1,833	1,819	1,754	-65	5.1	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	0.0
250 to 999 employees	806	820	734	765	760	-5	5.2	4.9	4.2	4.4	4.4	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	353	305	257	302	319	17	4.6	4.1	3.5	3.8	4.0	0.2
5,000 or more employees	74	86	82	90	83	-7	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,859	5,579	5,365	5,268	5,320	52	4.5	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
1 to 9 employees	814	805	798	767	688	-79	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.3	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,996	1,958	1,780	1,780	1,783	3	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.1	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,941	1,722	1,668	1,647	1,642	-5	5.3	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.2	0.1
250 to 999 employees	721	736	749	704	813	109	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.7	0.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	326	294	296	301	326	25	4.3	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.0	0.2
5,000 or more employees	61	63	75	70	68	-2	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.6	-0.1
QUITS
Total private	4,016	3,869	3,618	3,409	3,422	13	3.1	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	0.0
1 to 9 employees	526	626	514	416	437	21	2.3	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.1	0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,417	1,420	1,256	1,213	1,171	-42	3.1	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.7	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,344	1,165	1,191	1,146	1,155	9	3.7	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
250 to 999 employees	479	450	445	429	456	27	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.6	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	211	169	165	163	160	-3	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	40	39	47	42	43	1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,536	1,460	1,464	1,577	1,591	14	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	221	160	214	294	174	-120	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.4	0.8	-0.6
10 to 49 employees	479	451	445	481	515	34	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
50 to 249 employees	524	487	419	433	424	-9	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
250 to 999 employees	204	246	260	242	319	77	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.8	0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	94	102	107	109	143	34	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.8	0.4
5,000 or more employees	13	15	18	18	16	-2	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	307	250	284	282	307	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	67	18	70	57	77	20	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1
10 to 49 employees	100	87	79	85	97	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	73	70	58	68	63	-5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	38	40	43	33	38	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	20	24	24	29	23	-6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	9	10	9	10	9	-1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	10,370	9,660	9,577	6.3	5.8	5.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,329	8,621	8,508	6.6	6.0	5.9
Mining and logging	21	29	30	3.3	4.3	4.5
Construction	362	374	360	4.3	4.4	4.2
Manufacturing	865	572	640	6.3	4.2	4.7
Durable goods	536	385	392	6.2	4.5	4.6
Nondurable goods	329	186	247	6.3	3.7	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,687	1,619	1,347	5.6	5.3	4.5
Wholesale trade	335	260	215	5.3	4.1	3.4
Retail trade	901	848	717	5.5	5.2	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	451	510	415	5.9	6.7	5.5
Information	219	263	230	6.6	7.8	6.9
Financial activities	512	520	565	5.3	5.3	5.8
Finance and insurance	325	351	404	4.6	4.9	5.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	188	169	161	7.2	6.4	6.1
Professional and business services	1,893	1,512	1,914	7.7	6.2	7.7
Education and health services	2,049	2,039	1,875	7.8	7.5	6.9
Educational services	169	202	171	4.5	5.2	4.4
Health care and social assistance	1,880	1,837	1,704	8.3	7.9	7.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,455	1,364	1,165	8.1	7.3	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	187	151	147	6.8	5.1	5.1
Accommodation and food services	1,268	1,212	1,017	8.3	7.7	6.5
Other services	266	331	382	4.4	5.3	6.0
Government	1,041	1,038	1,069	4.6	4.6	4.7
Federal	137	151	191	4.6	4.9	6.1
State and local	904	887	879	4.6	4.5	4.5
State and local education	318	269	302	3.3	2.9	3.1
State and local, excluding education	586	618	577	5.9	6.1	5.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,653	1,583	1,514	5.7	5.4	5.2
South	4,108	3,885	3,797	6.7	6.3	6.1
Midwest	2,147	1,958	2,029	6.2	5.6	5.7
West	2,462	2,234	2,237	6.4	5.7	5.7
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	7,301	6,305	6,556	4.8	4.0	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,541	5,896	5,925	5.0	4.4	4.4
Mining and logging	20	29	29	3.2	4.5	4.5
Construction	388	431	361	4.9	5.3	4.4
Manufacturing	524	450	446	4.0	3.5	3.4
Durable goods	298	233	220	3.7	2.9	2.7
Nondurable goods	226	218	226	4.6	4.5	4.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,439	1,151	1,217	5.0	4.0	4.2
Wholesale trade	179	160	153	3.0	2.6	2.5
Retail trade	885	731	763	5.7	4.7	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	375	260	301	5.3	3.6	4.2
Information	125	96	84	4.0	3.1	2.7
Financial activities	256	235	231	2.8	2.5	2.5
Finance and insurance	165	137	161	2.5	2.0	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	98	70	3.8	4.0	2.8
Professional and business services	1,240	1,199	1,127	5.4	5.2	4.9
Education and health services	1,033	998	1,017	4.3	4.0	4.0
Educational services	173	119	167	4.8	3.3	4.6
Health care and social assistance	860	879	850	4.2	4.1	3.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,266	1,079	1,218	7.6	6.2	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	133	152	140	5.1	5.4	5.1
Accommodation and food services	1,133	927	1,078	8.1	6.3	7.4
Other services	249	229	195	4.3	3.9	3.3
Government	760	409	631	3.5	1.9	2.9
Federal	41	48	41	1.4	1.6	1.4
State and local	719	361	590	3.9	1.9	3.1
State and local education	526	157	433	5.7	1.7	4.6
State and local, excluding education	192	204	157	2.1	2.1	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	936	989	959	3.4	3.6	3.4
South	3,056	2,630	2,913	5.4	4.5	5.0
Midwest	1,527	1,236	1,339	4.7	3.7	4.0
West	1,781	1,450	1,345	4.9	3.9	3.6
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	7,351	6,175	6,805	4.8	4.0	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,798	5,739	6,289	5.2	4.3	4.7
Mining and logging	23	26	31	3.7	3.9	4.8
Construction	425	398	377	5.3	4.9	4.6
Manufacturing	532	448	473	4.1	3.4	3.6
Durable goods	296	222	237	3.7	2.7	2.9
Nondurable goods	236	226	236	4.8	4.6	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,542	1,167	1,349	5.4	4.1	4.7
Wholesale trade	188	127	164	3.1	2.1	2.7
Retail trade	994	756	856	6.4	4.9	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	361	284	329	5.1	4.0	4.6
Information	127	113	81	4.1	3.7	2.6
Financial activities	300	204	285	3.3	2.2	3.1
Finance and insurance	198	118	188	2.9	1.8	2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	102	85	97	4.2	3.5	3.9
Professional and business services	1,210	1,185	1,164	5.3	5.1	5.0
Education and health services	877	904	846	3.6	3.6	3.4
Educational services	131	123	141	3.7	3.4	3.8
Health care and social assistance	746	781	705	3.6	3.6	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,471	1,051	1,444	8.9	6.0	8.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	262	143	263	10.1	5.1	9.6
Accommodation and food services	1,208	908	1,181	8.6	6.2	8.1
Other services	291	243	239	5.0	4.1	4.0
Government	553	436	517	2.6	2.0	2.4
Federal	49	40	35	1.7	1.4	1.2
State and local	505	396	482	2.7	2.1	2.6
State and local education	259	235	276	2.8	2.6	3.0
State and local, excluding education	245	161	206	2.6	1.7	2.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,110	919	961	4.1	3.3	3.4
South	3,070	2,599	2,795	5.4	4.5	4.8
Midwest	1,437	1,278	1,597	4.4	3.8	4.8
West	1,734	1,379	1,453	4.8	3.7	3.9
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	5,180	4,116	4,547	3.4	2.6	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,864	3,862	4,240	3.7	2.9	3.2
Mining and logging	16	17	20	2.6	2.7	3.1
Construction	273	235	212	3.4	2.9	2.6
Manufacturing	369	286	289	2.8	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	208	133	133	2.6	1.6	1.6
Nondurable goods	160	153	157	3.3	3.1	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,127	852	978	3.9	3.0	3.4
Wholesale trade	127	85	130	2.1	1.4	2.1
Retail trade	741	582	632	4.8	3.7	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	259	185	216	3.6	2.6	3.0
Information	69	63	39	2.2	2.0	1.3
Financial activities	190	124	187	2.1	1.3	2.0
Finance and insurance	122	69	129	1.8	1.0	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	54	57	2.8	2.2	2.3
Professional and business services	769	690	640	3.4	3.0	2.8
Education and health services	682	607	573	2.8	2.4	2.3
Educational services	87	74	75	2.4	2.0	2.1
Health care and social assistance	594	534	498	2.9	2.5	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,171	834	1,137	7.0	4.8	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	136	108	174	5.3	3.9	6.4
Accommodation and food services	1,035	726	963	7.4	5.0	6.6
Other services	199	153	165	3.4	2.6	2.8
Government	315	255	307	1.5	1.2	1.4
Federal	28	19	19	1.0	0.6	0.6
State and local	288	236	288	1.6	1.3	1.5
State and local education	161	155	161	1.7	1.7	1.7
State and local, excluding education	127	81	127	1.4	0.9	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	774	571	551	2.8	2.1	2.0
South	2,233	1,791	2,009	3.9	3.1	3.5
Midwest	996	855	1,048	3.0	2.6	3.1
West	1,177	899	939	3.2	2.4	2.5
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	1,755	1,658	1,846	1.1	1.1	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,600	1,550	1,698	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mining and logging	5	6	10	0.9	1.0	1.5
Construction	126	159	150	1.6	1.9	1.8
Manufacturing	125	137	162	1.0	1.0	1.2
Durable goods	66	73	94	0.8	0.9	1.1
Nondurable goods	60	64	69	1.2	1.3	1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	342	259	297	1.2	0.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	48	39	21	0.8	0.6	0.3
Retail trade	216	143	187	1.4	0.9	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	78	76	88	1.1	1.1	1.2
Information	56	41	23	1.8	1.3	0.8
Financial activities	75	51	82	0.8	0.5	0.9
Finance and insurance	45	27	53	0.7	0.4	0.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	30	24	29	1.2	1.0	1.2
Professional and business services	381	393	410	1.7	1.7	1.8
Education and health services	139	228	229	0.6	0.9	0.9
Educational services	38	39	61	1.1	1.1	1.7
Health care and social assistance	101	189	167	0.5	0.9	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	269	202	280	1.6	1.2	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	122	30	82	4.7	1.1	3.0
Accommodation and food services	147	172	198	1.1	1.2	1.4
Other services	80	75	55	1.4	1.3	0.9
Government	155	107	148	0.7	0.5	0.7
Federal	8	7	5	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local	148	100	143	0.8	0.5	0.8
State and local education	55	43	82	0.6	0.5	0.9
State and local, excluding education	92	57	61	1.0	0.6	0.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	268	295	326	1.0	1.1	1.2
South	668	647	622	1.2	1.1	1.1
Midwest	351	332	474	1.1	1.0	1.4
West	468	383	423	1.3	1.0	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
Total	417	401	413	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	334	327	351	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	2	1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Construction	26	4	14	0.3	0.0	0.2
Manufacturing	38	25	21	0.3	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	23	15	11	0.3	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	16	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	73	56	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	13	3	13	0.2	0.0	0.2
Retail trade	37	31	37	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	24	23	24	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	3	9	19	0.1	0.3	0.6
Financial activities	35	29	16	0.4	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	31	23	6	0.5	0.3	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	7	11	0.2	0.3	0.4
Professional and business services	60	103	114	0.3	0.4	0.5
Education and health services	57	68	44	0.2	0.3	0.2
Educational services	6	10	4	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	50	59	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	30	15	27	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	5	7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	26	10	21	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other services	11	15	19	0.2	0.2	0.3
Government	83	74	62	0.4	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	14	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	69	60	52	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local education	43	37	34	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	26	23	18	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	68	52	83	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	169	161	164	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	91	91	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
West	90	97	91	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)	Aug. 2022	July 2023	Aug. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,329	8,621	8,508	6.6	6.0	5.9
1 to 9 employees	1,489	1,911	1,691	6.1	8.2	7.4
10 to 49 employees	3,072	2,490	2,375	6.3	5.5	5.1
50 to 249 employees	2,725	2,349	2,382	6.9	5.4	5.7
250 to 999 employees	1,153	1,028	1,151	6.8	5.5	6.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	618	555	624	7.4	6.5	7.2
5,000 or more employees	272	289	285	7.3	6.4	6.1
HIRES
Total private	6,541	5,896	5,925	5.0	4.4	4.4
1 to 9 employees	866	1,007	792	3.8	4.7	3.8
10 to 49 employees	2,302	1,781	1,944	5.1	4.2	4.4
50 to 249 employees	2,049	1,912	1,928	5.5	4.7	4.9
250 to 999 employees	864	791	823	5.5	4.5	4.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	372	304	342	4.8	3.8	4.2
5,000 or more employees	87	101	97	2.5	2.4	2.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	6,798	5,739	6,289	5.2	4.3	4.7
1 to 9 employees	910	932	779	4.0	4.4	3.7
10 to 49 employees	2,331	1,944	2,127	5.1	4.6	4.8
50 to 249 employees	2,309	1,767	2,020	6.2	4.3	5.1
250 to 999 employees	815	721	924	5.2	4.1	5.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	360	299	355	4.7	3.8	4.4
5,000 or more employees	73	76	84	2.1	1.8	1.9
QUITS
Total private	4,864	3,862	4,240	3.7	2.9	3.2
1 to 9 employees	635	541	533	2.8	2.5	2.5
10 to 49 employees	1,740	1,383	1,467	3.8	3.3	3.3
50 to 249 employees	1,622	1,251	1,452	4.4	3.1	3.7
250 to 999 employees	570	466	549	3.6	2.6	3.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	251	173	187	3.3	2.2	2.3
5,000 or more employees	47	46	52	1.4	1.1	1.2
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,600	1,550	1,698	1.2	1.2	1.3
1 to 9 employees	195	315	147	0.9	1.5	0.7
10 to 49 employees	485	468	554	1.1	1.1	1.3
50 to 249 employees	605	435	495	1.6	1.1	1.3
250 to 999 employees	207	223	333	1.3	1.3	1.9
1,000 to 4,999 employees	89	92	144	1.2	1.2	1.8
5,000 or more employees	18	18	24	0.5	0.4	0.6
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	334	327	351	0.3	0.2	0.3
1 to 9 employees	80	75	98	0.4	0.4	0.5
10 to 49 employees	106	94	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	82	81	73	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	38	32	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	21	33	24	0.3	0.4	0.3
5,000 or more employees	8	12	8	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.