For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 6, 2020		USDL-20-1883
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2020

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.5 million on the last business day of August, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 5.9 million in August. Total 
separations decreased to 4.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.0 percent 
while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by 
industry, and by four geographic regions.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 6.5 
million and 4.4 percent, respectively. Over the month, the number of job openings edged down for total 
private (-242,000) and was little changed for government. Job openings decreased in construction  
(-68,000), and information (-25,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Midwest region. 
(See table 1.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on August 2020 JOLTS Data		|
|												|
|Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus |
|(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and at 	|
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-august-2020.htm.			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________|

The number of job openings in August (not seasonally adjusted) decreased over the year to 6.6 million  
(-685,000) reflecting the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market. Job 
openings increased over the year for federal government reflecting recruitment efforts related to the 
2020 Census. Nondurable goods manufacturing job openings also grew since August 2019. Job 
openings decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in accommodation and food 
services and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities. The number of job openings decreased in all 
four regions. (See table 7.)

Hires

In August, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 5.9 million and 4.2 percent, respectively. 
Hires increased in federal government (+246,000), largely because of temporary 2020 Census hiring. 
Hires also increased in durable goods manufacturing (+41,000). Hires decreased in accommodation and 
food services (-177,000), health care and social assistance (-73,000), and real estate and rental and 
leasing (-28,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

The number of hires in August (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year. Hires 
increased in a number of industries over the year, with the largest increases in federal government and 
retail trade. Hires decreased in accommodation and food services and in state and local government 
education. The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In August, the number and rate of total separations decreased to 4.6 million (-394,000) and 3.3 percent, 
respectively. Total separations decreased in other services (-80,000) and in arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (-56,000). The number of total separations increased in federal government (+13,000). Total 
separations decreased in the West region. (See table 3.)

Over the year, the number of total separations (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 5.5 million  
(-1,248,000). Total separations decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in 
accommodation and food services and in professional and business services. Total separations increased 
in federal government. The number of total separations decreased in all four regions. (See table 9.)

In August, the number of quits edged down to 2.8 million (-139,000) and the quits rate was 2.0 
percent. Quits decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in other services (-48,000), 
construction (-40,000), and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-18,000). The number of quits increased in 
finance and insurance (+36,000). The number of quits decreased in the Midwest region.  
(See table 4.)

Over the year, the number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 3.6 million (-838,000). Quits 
declined in several industries, with the largest decreases in accommodation and food services and in 
professional and business services. Over the year, the number of quits decreased in all four regions. (See 
table 10.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges decreased to series lows of 1.5 million (-272,000) and 
1.0 percent, respectively in August. Layoffs and discharges decreased in a few industries, with the 
largest decreases in professional and business services (-95,000), accommodation and food services  
(-62,000), and durable goods manufacturing (-42,000). The number of layoffs and discharges increased 
in federal government (+12,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in the South and West 
regions. (See table 5.)

Over the year, the layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 1.6 million  
(-418,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in a number of industries with the largest decreases in 
professional and business services and in other services. The number of layoffs and discharges increased 
in health care and social assistance and in federal government. The number of layoffs and discharges 
decreased over the year in the Northeast and South regions. (See table 11.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August at 328,000. Other separations decreased 
in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-17,000) and nondurable goods manufacturing (-5,000). 
Other separations increased in other services (+13,000). Other separations was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 6.)

Over the year, the other separations level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed at 350,000. Other 
separations increased in other services and federal government. The number of other separations 
decreased in wholesale trade. The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 70.4 million and separations totaled 77.4 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 7.0 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.
____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, November 10, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				     Changes to JOLTS Series Codes					|
|													|
|JOLTS has changed the structure of its series codes to allow for the publication of establishment size |
|class data, the future publication of state data, and potential publication of Metropolitan Statistical|
|Area (MSA) data. These changes became effective today. For more information on these changes, please 	|
|visit www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_series_changes.htm.								|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|   Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on August 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data	|
|													|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	|
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to|
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 	|
|August was 47 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.			|
|													|
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods in March through August to better reflect the impact of the 	|
|coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of monthly hires |
|minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 	|
|estimates. For August estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the alignment process. The 	|
|differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of the 	|
|month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference month) led to substantially |
|different measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS|
|survey, including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at 			|
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-august-2020.htm.				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,166	6,697	6,493	5,839	5,903	5,919	5,660	4,988	4,594
Total private	6,429	5,879	5,637	5,443	5,569	5,349	5,312	4,729	4,325
Mining and logging(1)	33	16	15	21	21	17	26	26	20
Construction(1)	353	332	264	410	396	398	409	347	319
Manufacturing	445	430	460	334	341	392	320	359	332
Durable goods(1)	293	228	241	190	175	216	186	219	191
Nondurable goods(1)	152	202	219	144	165	176	134	140	140
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,289	1,181	1,113	1,168	1,227	1,248	1,201	1,123	1,095
Wholesale trade	188	179	182	144	123	136	148	143	139
Retail trade	792	773	705	775	811	848	802	717	724
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	308	228	226	249	294	264	250	263	232
Information(1)	131	106	81	92	67	77	94	56	57
Financial activities	376	291	278	238	235	208	242	197	199
Finance and insurance	273	219	214	152	142	141	151	120	130
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	102	72	64	85	94	66	91	77	69
Professional and business services	1,288	1,178	1,182	1,142	1,152	1,129	1,113	986	884
Education and health services	1,315	1,288	1,216	690	788	710	635	632	628
Educational services(1)	122	111	108	93	100	95	94	71	61
Health care and social assistance	1,193	1,177	1,107	597	688	615	541	561	567
Leisure and hospitality	943	770	782	1,130	1,168	955	1,067	820	689
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	122	94	85	169	167	130	162	115	59
Accommodation and food services	821	676	697	960	1,001	824	905	705	630
Other services	255	288	246	217	173	216	205	183	103
Government	738	818	857	396	334	569	348	259	269
Federal(1)	116	281	281	69	72	318	42	45	58
State and local	622	536	576	327	262	251	306	214	211
State and local education	213	176	190	170	124	112	147	102	106
State and local, excluding education(1)	409	360	386	157	138	139	159	112	105
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.5	4.6	4.4	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.3
Total private	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.0	3.6
Mining and logging(1)	4.3	2.6	2.5	2.9	3.4	2.7	3.6	4.2	3.3
Construction(1)	4.5	4.4	3.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.4	4.8	4.4
Manufacturing	3.3	3.4	3.7	2.6	2.8	3.2	2.5	3.0	2.7
Durable goods(1)	3.5	2.9	3.1	2.4	2.3	2.9	2.3	2.9	2.5
Nondurable goods(1)	3.1	4.3	4.6	3.0	3.6	3.8	2.8	3.1	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.1
Wholesale trade	3.1	3.1	3.1	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.5
Retail trade	4.8	5.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	5.6	5.1	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.8	3.8	3.7	4.0	5.1	4.5	4.1	4.6	4.0
Information(1)	4.4	3.9	3.0	3.2	2.6	3.0	3.3	2.2	2.2
Financial activities	4.1	3.3	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.8	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	4.1	3.3	3.2	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.3	1.9	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	4.2	3.2	2.8	3.7	4.3	3.0	3.9	3.5	3.2
Professional and business services	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.3	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.0	4.4
Education and health services	5.1	5.3	5.0	2.8	3.4	3.1	2.6	2.7	2.7
Educational services(1)	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.5	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.0	1.7
Health care and social assistance	5.5	5.7	5.3	2.9	3.5	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	5.4	5.8	5.8	6.8	9.3	7.5	6.4	6.5	5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.8	5.6	5.1	7.0	10.6	8.1	6.7	7.3	3.7
Accommodation and food services	5.5	5.8	5.9	6.8	9.1	7.4	6.4	6.4	5.7
Other services	4.1	5.1	4.3	3.7	3.2	4.0	3.5	3.4	1.9
Government	3.2	3.7	3.8	1.7	1.5	2.6	1.5	1.2	1.2
Federal(1)	3.9	8.8	8.2	2.4	2.5	10.1	1.5	1.5	1.8
State and local	3.0	2.8	3.0	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.1
State and local education	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.1
State and local, excluding education(1)	4.2	3.9	4.2	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	7,166	4,996	5,371	6,001	6,697	6,493	4.5	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.6	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,429	4,332	4,736	5,347	5,879	5,637	4.8	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.5
Mining and logging(3)	33	10	10	16	16	15	4.3	1.5	1.5	2.5	2.6	2.5
Construction(3)	353	247	315	244	332	264	4.5	3.6	4.3	3.3	4.4	3.5
Manufacturing	445	315	306	346	430	460	3.3	2.7	2.5	2.8	3.4	3.7
Durable goods(3)	293	170	166	179	228	241	3.5	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.9	3.1
Nondurable goods(3)	152	146	141	167	202	219	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.6	4.3	4.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,289	883	997	1,075	1,181	1,113	4.4	3.5	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.0
Wholesale trade	188	145	153	163	179	182	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.1
Retail trade	792	521	670	669	773	705	4.8	3.8	4.7	4.4	5.0	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	308	217	174	243	228	226	4.8	3.7	3.0	4.1	3.8	3.7
Information(3)	131	132	78	97	106	81	4.4	4.8	2.9	3.6	3.9	3.0
Financial activities	376	251	264	298	291	278	4.1	2.9	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.1
Finance and insurance	273	185	215	232	219	214	4.1	2.8	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	102	66	49	65	72	64	4.2	3.0	2.2	2.9	3.2	2.8
Professional and business services	1,288	982	976	1,077	1,178	1,182	5.7	4.9	4.8	5.2	5.6	5.6
Education and health services	1,315	1,051	975	1,089	1,288	1,216	5.1	4.6	4.2	4.6	5.3	5.0
Educational services(3)	122	102	78	90	111	108	3.1	3.0	2.3	2.5	3.1	3.0
Health care and social assistance	1,193	949	896	999	1,177	1,107	5.5	4.9	4.5	4.9	5.7	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	943	314	622	838	770	782	5.4	3.5	5.9	6.6	5.8	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	122	41	101	113	94	85	4.8	3.4	7.8	7.1	5.6	5.1
Accommodation and food services	821	273	521	725	676	697	5.5	3.5	5.6	6.5	5.8	5.9
Other services	255	147	194	268	288	246	4.1	3.1	3.9	4.9	5.1	4.3
Government	738	664	635	654	818	857	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.7	3.8
Federal(3)	116	114	70	112	281	281	3.9	3.8	2.4	3.7	8.8	8.2
State and local	622	550	564	542	536	576	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
State and local education	213	194	209	186	176	190	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.9
State and local, excluding education(3)	409	356	355	356	360	386	4.2	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,266	972	948	1,123	1,209	1,149	4.4	3.9	3.7	4.3	4.5	4.3
South	2,725	1,856	2,049	2,226	2,479	2,510	4.7	3.7	4.0	4.2	4.6	4.6
Midwest	1,552	1,067	1,123	1,329	1,561	1,400	4.5	3.6	3.7	4.2	4.9	4.4
West	1,623	1,101	1,251	1,323	1,448	1,434	4.4	3.5	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	5,839	4,047	7,199	6,970	5,903	5,919	3.9	3.1	5.4	5.1	4.2	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,443	3,812	6,952	6,688	5,569	5,349	4.2	3.5	6.2	5.7	4.7	4.5
Mining and logging	21	13	16	11	21	17	2.9	2.1	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.7
Construction	410	246	679	499	396	398	5.5	3.7	9.7	7.0	5.5	5.5
Manufacturing	334	326	523	432	341	392	2.6	2.8	4.5	3.6	2.8	3.2
Durable goods	190	161	286	254	175	216	2.4	2.3	3.9	3.4	2.3	2.9
Nondurable goods	144	166	236	178	165	176	3.0	3.8	5.3	3.9	3.6	3.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,168	1,025	1,341	1,362	1,227	1,248	4.2	4.2	5.4	5.3	4.7	4.7
Wholesale trade	144	117	187	165	123	136	2.4	2.1	3.4	2.9	2.2	2.4
Retail trade	775	723	886	911	811	848	5.0	5.4	6.5	6.3	5.5	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	249	185	268	286	294	264	4.0	3.3	4.8	5.0	5.1	4.5
Information	92	39	66	57	67	77	3.2	1.5	2.5	2.2	2.6	3.0
Financial activities	238	162	201	189	235	208	2.7	1.9	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	152	129	113	134	142	141	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	85	34	88	56	94	66	3.7	1.6	4.1	2.6	4.3	3.0
Professional and business services	1,142	800	938	1,175	1,152	1,129	5.3	4.2	4.8	6.0	5.8	5.6
Education and health services	690	545	1,093	899	788	710	2.8	2.5	4.9	3.9	3.4	3.1
Educational services	93	69	98	116	100	95	2.5	2.1	2.9	3.4	2.9	2.7
Health care and social assistance	597	477	995	783	688	615	2.9	2.6	5.3	4.1	3.5	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,130	490	1,513	1,759	1,168	955	6.8	5.7	15.2	14.7	9.3	7.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	169	31	145	162	167	130	7.0	2.7	12.1	10.9	10.6	8.1
Accommodation and food services	960	460	1,368	1,597	1,001	824	6.8	6.2	15.6	15.3	9.1	7.4
Other services	217	165	582	305	173	216	3.7	3.6	12.0	5.9	3.2	4.0
Government	396	235	247	281	334	569	1.7	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.5	2.6
Federal	69	46	50	40	72	318	2.4	1.6	1.7	1.4	2.5	10.1
State and local	327	189	197	241	262	251	1.7	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local education	170	111	128	123	124	112	1.6	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1
State and local, excluding education	157	78	69	118	138	139	1.7	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.6	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	926	534	1,103	1,214	1,052	1,029	3.3	2.2	4.5	4.8	4.1	4.0
South	2,265	1,584	2,409	2,417	2,173	2,256	4.1	3.3	4.9	4.8	4.2	4.4
Midwest	1,265	914	1,628	1,682	1,307	1,305	3.8	3.2	5.6	5.6	4.3	4.3
West	1,382	1,015	2,059	1,656	1,371	1,328	3.9	3.3	6.7	5.2	4.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	5,660	9,975	4,236	4,899	4,988	4,594	3.7	7.6	3.2	3.6	3.6	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,312	9,536	3,935	4,656	4,729	4,325	4.1	8.8	3.5	4.0	4.0	3.6
Mining and logging	26	67	31	28	26	20	3.6	10.2	4.9	4.4	4.2	3.3
Construction	409	835	292	343	347	319	5.4	12.7	4.2	4.8	4.8	4.4
Manufacturing	320	762	285	392	359	332	2.5	6.6	2.4	3.2	3.0	2.7
Durable goods	186	511	180	241	219	191	2.3	7.2	2.5	3.2	2.9	2.5
Nondurable goods	134	251	105	152	140	140	2.8	5.8	2.4	3.4	3.1	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,201	1,953	936	1,077	1,123	1,095	4.3	8.0	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.1
Wholesale trade	148	281	166	166	143	139	2.5	5.1	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.5
Retail trade	802	1,267	530	640	717	724	5.1	9.5	3.9	4.4	4.9	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	250	405	240	271	263	232	4.1	7.2	4.3	4.8	4.6	4.0
Information	94	128	56	54	56	57	3.3	4.9	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2
Financial activities	242	299	160	177	197	199	2.8	3.5	1.9	2.1	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	151	112	104	122	120	130	2.3	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.9	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	187	57	55	77	69	3.9	8.8	2.7	2.6	3.5	3.2
Professional and business services	1,113	1,359	875	926	986	884	5.2	7.1	4.5	4.7	5.0	4.4
Education and health services	635	1,323	538	603	632	628	2.6	6.1	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.7
Educational services	94	277	58	55	71	61	2.5	8.3	1.7	1.6	2.0	1.7
Health care and social assistance	541	1,046	480	548	561	567	2.6	5.7	2.5	2.8	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,067	1,989	640	858	820	689	6.4	23.2	6.4	7.2	6.5	5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	162	314	105	136	115	59	6.7	27.2	8.8	9.2	7.3	3.7
Accommodation and food services	905	1,675	534	722	705	630	6.4	22.5	6.1	6.9	6.4	5.7
Other services	205	821	121	199	183	103	3.5	17.9	2.5	3.9	3.4	1.9
Government	348	439	302	243	259	269	1.5	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.2
Federal	42	39	53	42	45	58	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.8
State and local	306	400	248	200	214	211	1.5	2.1	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.1
State and local education	147	170	128	70	102	106	1.4	1.7	1.3	0.7	1.0	1.1
State and local, excluding education	159	230	120	130	112	105	1.7	2.6	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	927	1,851	727	841	766	707	3.3	7.7	3.0	3.3	3.0	2.7
South	2,248	3,429	1,675	1,862	1,915	1,818	4.1	7.2	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.5
Midwest	1,173	2,170	900	1,080	1,121	1,028	3.6	7.6	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.4
West	1,312	2,525	933	1,115	1,185	1,040	3.7	8.3	3.0	3.5	3.7	3.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	3,544	1,877	2,067	2,605	2,932	2,793	2.3	1.4	1.6	1.9	2.1	2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,363	1,731	1,945	2,492	2,789	2,656	2.6	1.6	1.7	2.1	2.4	2.2
Mining and logging	13	6	8	10	11	8	1.8	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.3
Construction	173	86	104	131	143	103	2.3	1.3	1.5	1.8	2.0	1.4
Manufacturing	197	104	143	186	179	204	1.5	0.9	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.7
Durable goods	114	49	83	101	104	116	1.4	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.5
Nondurable goods	83	55	60	85	75	87	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	771	447	484	613	753	716	2.8	1.8	1.9	2.4	2.9	2.7
Wholesale trade	81	52	55	79	90	75	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.6	1.3
Retail trade	547	305	306	410	524	509	3.5	2.3	2.2	2.8	3.5	3.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	144	90	122	123	140	132	2.3	1.6	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.3
Information	49	28	22	28	31	29	1.7	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1
Financial activities	157	70	87	84	87	119	1.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.4
Finance and insurance	95	48	69	60	47	83	1.5	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	62	21	18	25	40	36	2.7	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.8	1.6
Professional and business services	650	337	411	441	533	529	3.0	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.7	2.6
Education and health services	462	356	286	394	438	413	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.9	1.8
Educational services	54	43	23	23	37	37	1.4	1.3	0.7	0.7	1.1	1.1
Health care and social assistance	408	313	262	371	401	376	2.0	1.7	1.4	1.9	2.1	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	780	255	369	487	501	470	4.7	3.0	3.7	4.1	4.0	3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	82	30	31	29	32	14	3.4	2.6	2.5	2.0	2.0	0.9
Accommodation and food services	698	225	338	457	469	455	4.9	3.0	3.9	4.4	4.3	4.1
Other services	111	44	32	117	113	65	1.9	1.0	0.7	2.3	2.1	1.2
Government	181	146	122	113	143	137	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6
Federal	19	15	17	17	19	20	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6
State and local	162	130	105	96	123	117	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6
State and local education	84	69	67	31	59	59	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.6
State and local, excluding education	78	62	37	66	65	58	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.7
REGION(4)
Northeast	535	275	272	392	410	398	1.9	1.1	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.5
South	1,429	791	919	1,054	1,160	1,183	2.6	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.3	2.3
Midwest	737	418	443	599	703	616	2.2	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.3	2.0
West	842	394	433	560	658	596	2.4	1.3	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	1,792	7,708	1,903	1,995	1,745	1,473	1.2	5.9	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,689	7,481	1,780	1,913	1,690	1,408	1.3	6.9	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.2
Mining and logging	10	59	22	17	15	10	1.4	9.1	3.4	2.6	2.4	1.7
Construction	220	709	177	197	192	200	2.9	10.8	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.8
Manufacturing	104	635	121	184	154	105	0.8	5.5	1.0	1.5	1.3	0.9
Durable goods	59	447	85	127	102	60	0.7	6.3	1.2	1.7	1.4	0.8
Nondurable goods	46	188	37	57	52	45	1.0	4.3	0.8	1.3	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	361	1,458	419	419	317	341	1.3	6.0	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.3
Wholesale trade(3)	52	220	97	80	53	61	0.9	4.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.1
Retail trade	219	940	221	203	171	194	1.4	7.1	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	90	297	101	135	92	87	1.5	5.3	1.8	2.4	1.6	1.5
Information	39	97	29	21	21	24	1.4	3.7	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.9
Financial activities	62	208	56	67	83	51	0.7	2.4	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.6
Finance and insurance	35	53	23	41	50	21	0.5	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	27	156	33	25	33	30	1.2	7.3	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.4
Professional and business services	405	904	405	423	390	295	1.9	4.7	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.5
Education and health services	137	918	215	155	165	175	0.6	4.2	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.8
Educational services	35	227	30	30	31	19	0.9	6.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.5
Health care and social assistance	101	691	185	126	134	156	0.5	3.7	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	266	1,722	257	351	293	191	1.6	20.1	2.6	2.9	2.3	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	281	74	103	81	39	3.2	24.3	6.1	7.0	5.1	2.5
Accommodation and food services	189	1,441	183	248	213	151	1.3	19.4	2.1	2.4	1.9	1.4
Other services	86	770	80	81	61	15	1.4	16.8	1.7	1.6	1.1	0.3
Government	104	227	123	81	55	65	0.5	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3
Federal	11	12	24	14	12	24	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.7
State and local	93	215	100	67	43	42	0.5	1.1	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2
State and local education	40	78	39	29	18	22	0.4	0.8	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	53	137	61	38	25	20	0.6	1.5	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	332	1,509	402	395	300	263	1.2	6.3	1.6	1.6	1.2	1.0
South	692	2,510	664	706	639	514	1.3	5.3	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.0
Midwest	373	1,650	408	416	355	337	1.1	5.8	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.1
West	395	2,039	429	478	451	359	1.1	6.7	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	323	390	266	300	311	328	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	260	324	209	251	250	261	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	2	1	1	1	2	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Construction(3)	16	40	11	15	11	17	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	19	23	21	22	26	23	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	14	12	12	13	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	6	8	8	9	13	8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	68	48	34	45	53	37	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	15	9	13	6	0	3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Retail trade	36	21	3	27	22	20	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	17	18	17	13	31	14	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.2
Information(3)	6	3	4	5	4	3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Financial activities	23	21	17	26	27	30	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	21	11	12	21	23	26	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	2	10	6	5	4	3	0.1	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	58	119	60	62	64	60	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	36	50	37	53	29	39	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	5	7	5	2	3	4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	32	43	32	52	26	35	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	12	14	20	26	29	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	3	1	3	3	5	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services(3)	18	9	13	17	23	23	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	8	7	9	2	9	22	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.4
Government	63	66	57	48	61	67	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	11	13	11	14	15	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local	51	55	44	37	48	52	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	23	23	22	11	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	28	31	22	26	23	27	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	60	68	54	55	56	46	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	126	129	92	102	116	122	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	62	102	49	66	63	76	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	75	92	71	78	76	85	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	7,330	7,036	6,645	4.6	4.8	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,575	6,169	5,780	4.8	4.9	4.6
Mining and logging	33	16	15	4.2	2.5	2.4
Construction	353	332	264	4.4	4.3	3.4
Manufacturing	445	430	460	3.3	3.4	3.6
Durable goods	293	228	241	3.5	2.9	3.1
Nondurable goods	152	202	219	3.1	4.2	4.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,400	1,318	1,222	4.8	4.8	4.4
Wholesale trade	178	211	177	2.9	3.6	3.1
Retail trade	914	879	819	5.5	5.6	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	308	228	226	4.8	3.9	3.8
Information	131	106	81	4.3	3.9	3.0
Financial activities	380	293	276	4.1	3.3	3.1
Finance and insurance	277	221	213	4.1	3.3	3.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	102	72	64	4.1	3.2	2.8
Professional and business services	1,319	1,251	1,226	5.8	5.9	5.7
Education and health services	1,308	1,322	1,213	5.2	5.5	5.0
Educational services	122	111	108	3.4	3.4	3.3
Health care and social assistance	1,186	1,211	1,105	5.5	5.9	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	967	804	782	5.3	5.8	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	120	81	77	4.2	4.3	4.1
Accommodation and food services	847	723	705	5.5	6.0	5.8
Other services	240	297	239	3.9	5.2	4.2
Government	755	866	866	3.4	4.1	4.0
Federal	116	281	281	3.9	8.8	8.1
State and local	639	585	585	3.3	3.3	3.2
State and local education	230	225	199	2.4	2.6	2.2
State and local, excluding education	409	360	386	4.1	3.8	4.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,320	1,256	1,183	4.6	4.7	4.4
South	2,740	2,616	2,551	4.7	4.9	4.7
Midwest	1,598	1,606	1,423	4.6	5.0	4.4
West	1,673	1,557	1,489	4.5	4.6	4.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	6,466	6,507	6,473	4.3	4.7	4.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,781	6,119	5,660	4.5	5.2	4.7
Mining and logging	23	23	18	3.1	3.6	2.9
Construction	406	432	388	5.2	5.8	5.2
Manufacturing	363	379	428	2.8	3.1	3.5
Durable goods	200	193	230	2.5	2.5	3.0
Nondurable goods	163	185	198	3.4	4.0	4.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,232	1,261	1,309	4.5	4.8	5.0
Wholesale trade	155	141	139	2.6	2.5	2.5
Retail trade	829	816	917	5.3	5.5	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	248	305	253	4.1	5.4	4.4
Information	92	74	77	3.2	2.8	3.0
Financial activities	245	267	215	2.8	3.1	2.5
Finance and insurance	157	163	147	2.4	2.5	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	104	68	3.7	4.7	3.1
Professional and business services	1,155	1,239	1,127	5.4	6.2	5.6
Education and health services	847	932	846	3.5	4.1	3.7
Educational services	161	128	163	4.6	4.0	5.0
Health care and social assistance	686	804	684	3.3	4.1	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,198	1,315	1,025	6.9	10.0	7.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	133	179	100	4.9	9.8	5.6
Accommodation and food services	1,065	1,136	926	7.3	10.0	8.1
Other services	220	199	225	3.7	3.7	4.1
Government	686	388	813	3.2	1.9	3.9
Federal	70	72	321	2.5	2.5	10.1
State and local	615	316	493	3.3	1.8	2.8
State and local education	457	152	352	4.9	1.8	4.1
State and local, excluding education	158	164	141	1.7	1.8	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	961	1,271	1,058	3.5	5.0	4.1
South	2,564	2,322	2,516	4.6	4.6	4.9
Midwest	1,407	1,391	1,435	4.3	4.6	4.7
West	1,535	1,523	1,464	4.4	4.7	4.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	6,757	5,440	5,509	4.5	3.9	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,230	5,101	5,109	4.8	4.3	4.3
Mining and logging	30	27	23	4.0	4.2	3.6
Construction	450	367	354	5.8	4.9	4.8
Manufacturing	402	384	408	3.1	3.1	3.3
Durable goods	238	237	240	2.9	3.1	3.2
Nondurable goods	164	147	168	3.4	3.2	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,357	1,154	1,219	4.9	4.4	4.6
Wholesale trade	169	153	157	2.8	2.7	2.8
Retail trade	917	734	823	5.9	5.0	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	271	267	239	4.4	4.7	4.2
Information	106	60	69	3.7	2.3	2.7
Financial activities	288	204	251	3.3	2.3	2.9
Finance and insurance	195	121	178	3.0	1.9	2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	93	83	72	3.9	3.7	3.2
Professional and business services	1,191	1,039	960	5.5	5.2	4.7
Education and health services	762	751	732	3.2	3.3	3.2
Educational services	151	103	109	4.3	3.3	3.4
Health care and social assistance	611	648	623	3.0	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,375	894	939	8.0	6.8	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	266	102	142	9.8	5.6	7.9
Accommodation and food services	1,109	791	797	7.6	7.0	7.0
Other services	269	222	155	4.5	4.1	2.8
Government	527	339	399	2.4	1.7	1.9
Federal	48	45	64	1.7	1.5	2.0
State and local	479	294	335	2.5	1.7	1.9
State and local education	215	174	172	2.3	2.1	2.0
State and local, excluding education	264	120	163	2.8	1.3	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,158	801	903	4.2	3.1	3.5
South	2,634	2,120	2,140	4.8	4.2	4.1
Midwest	1,431	1,220	1,237	4.4	4.0	4.0
West	1,534	1,300	1,229	4.4	4.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	4,431	3,401	3,593	2.9	2.4	2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,165	3,227	3,378	3.2	2.7	2.8
Mining and logging	17	13	12	2.3	2.1	1.9
Construction	220	186	144	2.8	2.5	1.9
Manufacturing	265	205	271	2.1	1.7	2.2
Durable goods	153	119	155	1.9	1.6	2.0
Nondurable goods	112	85	117	2.3	1.9	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	931	818	857	3.4	3.1	3.2
Wholesale trade	99	96	92	1.7	1.7	1.6
Retail trade	666	561	617	4.3	3.8	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	166	161	148	2.7	2.8	2.6
Information	63	36	43	2.2	1.4	1.7
Financial activities	185	94	149	2.1	1.1	1.7
Finance and insurance	123	54	113	1.9	0.8	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	40	36	2.6	1.8	1.6
Professional and business services	742	602	625	3.4	3.0	3.1
Education and health services	561	507	493	2.3	2.2	2.2
Educational services	87	54	67	2.5	1.7	2.1
Health care and social assistance	474	454	427	2.3	2.3	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,036	614	687	6.0	4.7	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	156	49	73	5.8	2.7	4.1
Accommodation and food services	880	565	615	6.1	5.0	5.4
Other services	145	152	96	2.4	2.8	1.8
Government	266	173	215	1.2	0.9	1.0
Federal	23	19	24	0.8	0.7	0.8
State and local	242	154	191	1.3	0.9	1.1
State and local education	130	82	103	1.4	1.0	1.2
State and local, excluding education	112	72	88	1.2	0.8	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	675	469	539	2.4	1.8	2.1
South	1,747	1,349	1,461	3.2	2.6	2.8
Midwest	960	824	804	2.9	2.7	2.6
West	1,048	759	789	3.0	2.3	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	1,983	1,695	1,565	1.3	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,793	1,611	1,457	1.4	1.4	1.2
Mining and logging	10	13	9	1.3	2.0	1.5
Construction	214	170	194	2.8	2.3	2.6
Manufacturing	119	151	116	0.9	1.2	0.9
Durable goods	73	103	73	0.9	1.4	1.0
Nondurable goods	46	49	43	0.9	1.1	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	352	276	321	1.3	1.1	1.2
Wholesale trade	52	53	61	0.9	1.0	1.1
Retail trade	211	147	182	1.4	1.0	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	88	75	78	1.4	1.3	1.4
Information	37	20	23	1.3	0.8	0.9
Financial activities	74	86	63	0.8	1.0	0.7
Finance and insurance	46	47	30	0.7	0.7	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	39	33	1.2	1.8	1.5
Professional and business services	391	368	276	1.8	1.8	1.4
Education and health services	163	212	197	0.7	0.9	0.9
Educational services	57	44	36	1.6	1.4	1.1
Health care and social assistance	106	168	161	0.5	0.9	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	317	253	223	1.8	1.9	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	106	51	64	3.9	2.8	3.6
Accommodation and food services	211	203	159	1.5	1.8	1.4
Other services	115	61	36	1.9	1.1	0.7
Government	191	84	108	0.9	0.4	0.5
Federal	12	12	25	0.4	0.4	0.8
State and local	178	72	83	0.9	0.4	0.5
State and local education	57	52	39	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local, excluding education	121	21	44	1.3	0.2	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	414	266	312	1.5	1.0	1.2
South	752	652	547	1.4	1.3	1.1
Midwest	400	329	345	1.2	1.1	1.1
West	417	448	361	1.2	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)	Aug. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020(p)
Total	343	344	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	272	263	274	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	1	2	0.4	0.1	0.3
Construction	16	11	17	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	18	28	21	0.1	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	11	15	13	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	6	13	8	0.1	0.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	74	60	41	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	17	4	4	0.3	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	40	25	24	0.3	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	17	31	14	0.3	0.5	0.2
Information	6	4	3	0.2	0.2	0.1
Financial activities	29	24	39	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	27	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	4	3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	58	69	59	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	38	31	41	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	6	5	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	32	26	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	26	29	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	5	0.1	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services	18	23	23	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	8	9	22	0.1	0.2	0.4
Government	71	81	77	0.3	0.4	0.4
Federal	13	14	16	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local	58	68	61	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local education	27	41	31	0.3	0.5	0.4
State and local, excluding education	31	27	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	69	67	52	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	134	119	131	0.2	0.2	0.3
Midwest	70	66	87	0.2	0.2	0.3
West	70	93	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.