For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, October 7, 2010 USDL-10-1392
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – August 2010
There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of August
2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The job
openings rate was unchanged over the month at 2.4 percent. The hires
rate (3.2 percent) and the separations rate (3.2 percent) were little
changed. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by
industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in August was 3.2 million, which was little
changed from July. Although the month-to-month change is small, the
number of job openings has risen by 863,000 (37 percent) since the
most recent series trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. (See table 1.)
This trough immediately followed the end of the recession in June 2009
(as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research). Even with
the gains since July 2009, the number of job openings remained below
the 4.4 million jobs open when the recession began in December 2007.
The number of job openings in August (not seasonally adjusted)
increased from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm and total private.
Over that period, the job openings level decreased in educational
services but increased in many other industries and in all of the
regions. (See table 5.)
- 2 -
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Aug. | July | Aug. | Aug. | July | Aug. | Aug. | July | Aug.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,411 |3,141 |3,201 |3,975 |4,275 |4,136 |4,166 |4,390 |4,196
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,098 |2,821 |2,849 |3,696 |3,985 |3,855 |3,883 |3,940 |3,785
Construction.....| 66 | 101 | 68 | 278 | 361 | 382 | 335 | 361 | 357
Manufacturing....| 134 | 238 | 192 | 254 | 297 | 268 | 297 | 271 | 278
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 425 | 485 | 455 | 798 | 864 | 799 | 826 | 855 | 812
Retail trade....| 248 | 295 | 281 | 545 | 608 | 569 | 558 | 613 | 576
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 404 | 564 | 689 | 680 | 810 | 808 | 711 | 830 | 804
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 531 | 515 | 494 | 531 | 515 | 487 | 501 | 491 | 445
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 241 | 365 | 391 | 711 | 712 | 671 | 718 | 701 | 656
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 20 | 42 | 40 | 115 | 119 | 105 | 116 | 121 | 107
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 221 | 323 | 351 | 596 | 593 | 566 | 602 | 580 | 550
Government(3).....| 313 | 320 | 352 | 279 | 289 | 282 | 283 | 450 | 411
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 287 | 246 | 274 | 252 | 247 | 244 | 259 | 268 | 264
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.2
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5
Construction.....| 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 6.4
Manufacturing....| 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3
Retail trade....| 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.0
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.4 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.8
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.3
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.0
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.6
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.9
Government(3).....| 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.8
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires
In August, the hires rate was little changed for total nonfarm at 3.2
percent. There were 4.1 million hires during the month for total
nonfarm, 280,000 (7 percent) higher than its most recent trough in
June 2009. This trough coincided with the official end of the
recession. Hires remain below the 5.0 million hires in December 2007
when the recession began. The hires level in August was little changed
for all industries and regions. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in August, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate increased over the past 12 months in mining
and logging and in construction. The rate decreased in real estate and
rental and leasing as well as in health care and social assistance.
(See table 6.)
- 3 -
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate in August was
little changed for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for
government. Over the 12 months ending in August, the total separations
rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm
and total private but increased for government. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In August, the quits rate remained unchanged
at 1.5 percent for total nonfarm and 1.7 percent for total private and
was little changed in every industry and region. (See table 4.) The
number of quits for total nonfarm fell by 1.4 million between the
November 2006 peak and the September 2009 trough. Since September
2009, the number of quits has risen by 282,000.
Over the 12 months ending in August, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) increased for total nonfarm and total private, and was
little changed for government. The quits rate increased over the 12
months ending in August in nondurable goods manufacturing,
professional and business services, and other services as well as in
the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in
August for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number of
layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm peaked at 2.6 million in
January 2009, falling to 1.8 million in August 2010. In government,
the number of layoffs and discharges in August (236,000) was higher
than when the recession began in December 2007 (117,000) due, in part,
to the release of temporary Census 2010 workers in August. (See table
B below.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined
over the 12 months ending in August for total nonfarm and total
private but increased for government. The layoffs and discharges level
increased over the year in federal government reflecting, in part, the
layoffs of temporary Census 2010 workers. In many industries, the
layoffs and discharges level declined. The layoffs and discharges
level decreased over the year in the Midwest and West regions. (See
table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Aug. | July | Aug. | Aug. | July | Aug.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,129 | 2,112 | 1,830 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4
Total private.....| 2,006 | 1,848 | 1,594 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.5
Government........| 123 | 265 | 236 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In August,
there were 367,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 289,000 for
total private, and 78,000 for government. Compared to August 2009, the
number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm and
total private but increased for government. The rise in government
other separations is due to an increase in state and local government.
(See table 10.)
- 4 -
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion
of total separations; it has rarely been above 10 percent of the
total.
Since February 2010, the proportions of quits and layoffs and
discharges at the total nonfarm level have been close. In August 2010,
the proportion of quits was 48 percent and the proportion of layoffs
and discharges was 44 percent for total nonfarm. For total private,
the proportions were 50 percent quits and 42 percent layoffs and
discharges. For government, the proportions were 28 percent quits and
57 percent layoffs and discharges. (See table C below.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Aug. | July | Aug. | Aug. | July | Aug.
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p | 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,779 | 43% | 1,974 | 45% | 1,998 | 48% | 2,129 | 51% | 2,112 | 48% | 1,830 | 44%
Total private.....| 1,669 | 43% | 1,855 | 47% | 1,881 | 50% | 2,006 | 52% | 1,848 | 47% | 1,594 | 42%
Government........| 110 | 39% | 119 | 26% | 116 | 28% | 123 | 43% | 265 | 59% | 236 | 57%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 50.2 million and
separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of
0.1 million.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for September 2010
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, November 9, 2010 at 10:00
a.m. (EST).
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
- 6 -
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and sepa-
- 7 -
rations from these units during their early existence. BLS has
developed a model to estimate birth/death activity for current
months by examining the birth/death activity from previous years on the
QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an econometric technique
known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical
JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the
- 8 -
federal government. The Office of Personnel Management's record
shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion
of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations
is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between
establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization
was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these
intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,411 2,785 3,302 2,939 2,864 3,141 3,201 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,098 2,363 2,675 2,597 2,537 2,821 2,849 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6
Construction........................... 66 83 88 79 53 101 68 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 .9 1.8 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 134 180 195 205 226 238 192 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 425 470 456 452 449 485 455 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 248 305 292 274 284 295 281 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9
Professional and business services..... 404 423 550 601 514 564 689 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.3 4.0
Education and health services.......... 531 536 561 512 487 515 494 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 241 257 274 288 317 365 391 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 20 24 24 41 55 42 40 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.0
Accommodation and food services....... 221 232 250 247 263 323 351 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.8 3.0
Government(6)........................... 313 421 627 342 327 320 352 1.4 1.8 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5
State and local government............. 287 262 260 237 238 246 274 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 504 599 678 657 631 639 688 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7
South.................................. 883 945 1,080 1,078 982 1,100 1,190 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.5
Midwest................................ 478 573 664 568 604 617 684 1.6 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3
West................................... 535 707 821 689 632 696 801 1.8 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 3,975 4,331 4,292 4,581 4,250 4,275 4,136 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,696 3,970 3,935 3,846 3,946 3,985 3,855 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6
Construction........................... 278 400 349 321 289 361 382 4.7 7.1 6.2 5.7 5.2 6.4 6.8
Manufacturing.......................... 254 279 305 266 267 297 268 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 798 897 856 819 876 864 799 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 545 646 593 567 589 608 569 3.8 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.9
Professional and business services..... 680 744 780 805 825 810 808 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8
Education and health services.......... 531 503 496 479 523 515 487 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 711 712 711 678 691 712 671 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 115 114 127 105 127 119 105 6.1 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.7 6.2 5.5
Accommodation and food services....... 596 598 584 573 564 593 566 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.0
Government(6)........................... 279 360 357 735 304 289 282 1.2 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 252 268 248 246 247 247 244 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 676 837 695 844 718 731 679 2.7 3.4 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.0 2.7
South.................................. 1,436 1,618 1,585 1,681 1,505 1,531 1,528 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2
Midwest................................ 915 1,073 1,012 1,090 1,013 1,011 953 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.2
West................................... 838 1,025 870 1,014 923 923 827 2.9 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,166 4,048 4,013 4,146 4,436 4,390 4,196 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,883 3,743 3,726 3,816 3,884 3,940 3,785 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5
Construction........................... 335 365 345 340 314 361 357 5.7 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.6 6.5 6.4
Manufacturing.......................... 297 245 249 238 260 271 278 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 826 866 803 800 874 855 812 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 558 620 551 574 604 613 576 3.9 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.0
Professional and business services..... 711 699 733 806 777 830 804 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.8
Education and health services.......... 501 455 475 446 493 491 445 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 718 677 684 707 668 701 656 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 116 119 114 122 113 121 107 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.3 5.6
Accommodation and food services....... 602 558 570 585 555 580 550 5.4 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.9
Government(6)........................... 283 305 287 331 552 450 411 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.0 1.8
State and local government............. 259 268 248 263 275 268 264 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 698 821 690 734 748 775 759 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
South.................................. 1,419 1,423 1,427 1,521 1,606 1,533 1,567 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3
Midwest................................ 913 895 948 988 981 1,018 933 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2
West................................... 992 920 944 920 928 929 892 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Aug. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 1,779 1,918 1,972 1,929 1,951 1,974 1,998 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,669 1,802 1,871 1,828 1,819 1,855 1,881 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 68 83 67 64 67 72 79 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 82 89 99 96 105 97 106 .7 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 408 424 442 438 443 451 416 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7
Retail trade.......................... 307 316 330 338 331 347 311 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2
Professional and business services..... 263 315 323 330 325 357 384 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.3
Education and health services.......... 247 253 299 254 268 258 246 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 410 406 419 428 373 401 413 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 41 36 40 39 26 31 35 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.8
Accommodation and food services....... 368 371 379 390 347 370 379 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.4
Government(6)........................... 110 117 101 101 131 119 116 .5 .5 .4 .4 .6 .5 .5
State and local government............. 100 105 93 88 105 100 100 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 275 325 332 286 341 318 341 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4
South.................................. 696 750 744 736 796 749 780 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7
Midwest................................ 383 438 442 496 438 475 469 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6
West................................... 454 406 429 433 437 404 435 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,482 3,423 3,284 1.9 2.6 2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,147 3,081 2,913 1.9 2.8 2.6
Mining and Logging............................ 4 16 17 .6 2.1 2.2
Construction.................................. 69 122 68 1.1 2.0 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 142 264 203 1.2 2.2 1.7
Durable goods................................ 67 177 129 .9 2.4 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 75 87 73 1.6 1.9 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 470 536 508 1.9 2.1 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 98 129 100 1.7 2.2 1.7
Retail trade................................. 279 335 312 1.9 2.3 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 93 72 97 1.9 1.5 2.0
Information................................... 45 126 104 1.6 4.4 3.7
Financial activities.......................... 122 301 303 1.6 3.8 3.8
Finance and insurance........................ 91 266 238 1.6 4.5 4.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 32 35 65 1.6 1.8 3.2
Professional and business services............ 393 595 686 2.3 3.4 3.9
Education and health services................. 537 559 490 2.8 2.8 2.5
Educational services......................... 69 66 53 2.4 2.3 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 468 492 438 2.8 2.9 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 240 398 399 1.7 2.8 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 21 41 43 .9 1.8 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 219 357 357 1.9 3.0 3.0
Other services................................ 125 164 135 2.3 2.9 2.4
Government..................................... 334 342 371 1.5 1.6 1.7
Federal....................................... 33 75 82 1.1 2.4 2.7
State and local............................... 302 267 289 1.6 1.4 1.6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 536 706 668 2.1 2.8 2.6
South......................................... 895 1,221 1,185 1.9 2.5 2.5
Midwest....................................... 502 723 659 1.7 2.4 2.2
West.......................................... 548 772 772 1.9 2.6 2.6
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 4,395 4,817 4,540 3.4 3.7 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,928 4,477 4,071 3.6 4.1 3.7
Mining and Logging............................ 15 30 31 2.1 4.0 4.1
Construction.................................. 279 418 394 4.5 7.1 6.7
Manufacturing................................. 274 336 289 2.3 2.9 2.5
Durable goods................................ 139 200 150 1.9 2.8 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 134 137 139 2.9 3.0 3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 840 915 836 3.4 3.7 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 112 142 120 2.0 2.5 2.1
Retail trade................................. 586 615 607 4.0 4.3 4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 142 158 109 3.0 3.4 2.3
Information................................... 56 66 66 2.0 2.4 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 186 215 172 2.4 2.8 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 93 140 108 1.6 2.5 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 93 75 64 4.6 3.8 3.2
Professional and business services............ 686 874 812 4.2 5.2 4.8
Education and health services................. 661 609 604 3.5 3.2 3.1
Educational services......................... 120 104 109 4.3 3.6 3.8
Health care and social assistance............ 541 505 494 3.4 3.1 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 754 804 705 5.5 5.8 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 107 144 97 4.9 6.5 4.5
Accommodation and food services............. 647 660 608 5.6 5.7 5.2
Other services................................ 178 209 163 3.3 3.9 3.0
Government..................................... 467 339 469 2.2 1.6 2.2
Federal....................................... 34 46 44 1.2 1.5 1.5
State and local............................... 433 293 424 2.3 1.6 2.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 731 888 739 3.0 3.6 3.0
South......................................... 1,654 1,716 1,775 3.5 3.6 3.8
Midwest....................................... 1,032 1,112 1,074 3.5 3.8 3.6
West.......................................... 978 1,100 952 3.4 3.8 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 4,776 4,954 4,746 3.7 3.8 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,348 4,383 4,194 4.0 4.0 3.9
Mining and Logging............................ 24 21 23 3.5 2.8 3.0
Construction.................................. 360 394 385 5.8 6.7 6.5
Manufacturing................................. 318 280 302 2.7 2.4 2.6
Durable goods................................ 174 152 164 2.4 2.1 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 144 128 138 3.1 2.8 3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 874 895 851 3.5 3.6 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 136 136 121 2.4 2.4 2.2
Retail trade................................. 600 625 617 4.1 4.3 4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 138 134 114 2.9 2.9 2.4
Information................................... 63 66 62 2.3 2.4 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 221 222 189 2.9 2.9 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 128 146 120 2.2 2.6 2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 93 76 69 4.6 3.8 3.5
Professional and business services............ 717 909 819 4.3 5.4 4.9
Education and health services................. 618 611 542 3.3 3.2 2.8
Educational services......................... 119 118 102 4.3 4.1 3.6
Health care and social assistance............ 499 493 440 3.1 3.0 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 886 787 800 6.5 5.7 5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 179 119 159 8.3 5.4 7.3
Accommodation and food services............. 706 669 641 6.1 5.8 5.5
Other services................................ 268 198 221 5.0 3.7 4.1
Government..................................... 428 571 552 2.0 2.7 2.6
Federal....................................... 33 183 156 1.2 6.0 5.3
State and local............................... 395 388 396 2.1 2.1 2.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 864 911 892 3.5 3.7 3.6
South......................................... 1,661 1,773 1,790 3.5 3.8 3.8
Midwest....................................... 1,088 1,157 1,066 3.7 3.9 3.6
West.......................................... 1,164 1,114 998 4.0 3.9 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,200 2,353 2,498 1.7 1.8 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,030 2,204 2,324 1.9 2.0 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 12 12 13 1.8 1.6 1.7
Construction.................................. 89 99 115 1.4 1.7 1.9
Manufacturing................................. 112 110 146 1.0 .9 1.2
Durable goods................................ 62 61 77 .9 .8 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 50 49 69 1.1 1.1 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 499 512 503 2.0 2.1 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 46 57 56 .8 1.0 1.0
Retail trade................................. 380 378 381 2.6 2.6 2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 72 77 66 1.5 1.6 1.4
Information................................... 34 35 35 1.2 1.3 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 91 107 115 1.2 1.4 1.5
Finance and insurance........................ 66 73 74 1.2 1.3 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 25 34 40 1.3 1.7 2.0
Professional and business services............ 300 424 464 1.8 2.5 2.7
Education and health services................. 296 309 291 1.6 1.6 1.5
Educational services......................... 37 44 37 1.3 1.5 1.3
Health care and social assistance............ 258 265 254 1.6 1.6 1.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 516 495 524 3.8 3.6 3.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 71 44 62 3.3 2.0 2.8
Accommodation and food services............. 445 451 463 3.8 3.9 4.0
Other services................................ 82 101 118 1.5 1.9 2.2
Government..................................... 169 149 174 .8 .7 .8
Federal....................................... 17 20 20 .6 .6 .7
State and local............................... 153 129 154 .8 .7 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 333 401 414 1.4 1.6 1.7
South......................................... 838 900 943 1.8 1.9 2.0
Midwest....................................... 489 562 602 1.7 1.9 2.0
West.......................................... 539 489 538 1.9 1.7 1.9
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,239 2,170 1,881 1.7 1.7 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,036 1,857 1,581 1.9 1.7 1.5
Mining and Logging............................ 10 7 7 1.5 1.0 1.0
Construction.................................. 266 280 265 4.3 4.8 4.5
Manufacturing................................. 185 146 133 1.6 1.2 1.1
Durable goods................................ 97 77 74 1.3 1.1 1.0
Nondurable goods............................. 88 69 58 1.9 1.5 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 300 306 256 1.2 1.2 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 85 65 58 1.5 1.2 1.0
Retail trade................................. 157 198 167 1.1 1.4 1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 59 43 31 1.2 .9 .7
Information................................... 22 28 24 .8 1.0 .9
Financial activities.......................... 112 83 51 1.5 1.1 .7
Finance and insurance........................ 48 43 34 .8 .8 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 64 40 17 3.2 2.0 .9
Professional and business services............ 364 422 303 2.2 2.5 1.8
Education and health services................. 269 253 213 1.4 1.3 1.1
Educational services......................... 77 67 61 2.8 2.3 2.1
Health care and social assistance............ 193 187 152 1.2 1.1 .9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 342 242 235 2.5 1.8 1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 103 66 92 4.8 3.0 4.3
Accommodation and food services............. 238 176 143 2.1 1.5 1.2
Other services................................ 165 89 94 3.1 1.6 1.8
Government..................................... 203 314 300 1.0 1.5 1.4
Federal....................................... 9 153 128 .3 5.0 4.4
State and local............................... 194 161 172 1.0 .9 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 476 434 418 1.9 1.8 1.7
South......................................... 699 708 695 1.5 1.5 1.5
Midwest....................................... 502 503 376 1.7 1.7 1.3
West.......................................... 561 526 393 1.9 1.8 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Aug. July Aug. Aug. July Aug.
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 338 431 367 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 282 323 289 .3 .3 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 3 .3 .3 .3
Construction.................................. 5 16 5 .1 .3 .1
Manufacturing................................. 21 24 23 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 15 14 12 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 5 10 11 .1 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 75 77 93 .3 .3 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 5 14 7 .1 .2 .1
Retail trade................................. 63 48 69 .4 .3 .5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 7 15 17 .1 .3 .4
Information................................... 7 4 2 .3 .1 .1
Financial activities.......................... 18 32 23 .2 .4 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 14 30 11 .2 .5 .2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 2 12 .2 .1 .6
Professional and business services............ 52 63 53 .3 .4 .3
Education and health services................. 52 48 38 .3 .2 .2
Educational services......................... 5 7 4 .2 .2 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 48 41 34 .3 .3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 29 50 41 .2 .4 .3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 5 9 5 .2 .4 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 24 42 36 .2 .4 .3
Other services................................ 22 8 8 .4 .1 .1
Government..................................... 56 108 78 .3 .5 .4
Federal....................................... 7 11 8 .3 .4 .3
State and local............................... 48 98 70 .3 .5 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 55 76 60 .2 .3 .2
South......................................... 123 166 152 .3 .4 .3
Midwest....................................... 97 92 88 .3 .3 .3
West.......................................... 63 98 67 .2 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
