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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, October 9, 2019		USDL-19-1772

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2019

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.1 million on the last business day of August, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires edged down to 5.8 million and 
separations were little changed at 5.6 million. Within separations, the quits rate was little changed at 2.3 
percent, and the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.2 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the job openings level was little changed at 7.1 million. The job 
openings rate was 4.4 percent. The number of job openings was little changed for total private and for 
government. The job openings level decreased in nondurable goods manufacturing (-49,000) and in 
information (-47,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires edged down to 5.8 million (-199,000) in August. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. 
The number of hires edged down for total private (-219,000) and was little changed for government. The 
hires level increased in federal government (+35,000). The number of hires decreased in the South 
region. (See table 2.)

Separations
 
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million in August. The total separations rate 
was 3.7 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 
The total separations level was little changed in all industries. The number of total separations decreased 
in the Midwest region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits decreased in August to 3.5 million (-142,000). The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 
quits level decreased for total private (-144,000) and was little changed for government. Quits 
decreased in professional and business services (-76,000) and in other services (-67,000). The number of 
quits decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in August at 1.8 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private and 
for government. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in federal government (+3,000). The 
layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August. The other separations level was also 
little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in arts, entertainment, 
and recreation (+3,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all four regions. (See 
table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 69.5 million and 
separations totaled 67.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, November 5, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

7,342 7,174 7,051 5,826 5,978 5,779 5,600 5,810 5,638

Total private

6,611 6,462 6,320 5,435 5,620 5,401 5,257 5,473 5,293

Mining and logging(1)

31 41 33 44 23 21 36 27 27

Construction(1)

315 360 379 386 374 418 349 376 414

Manufacturing

501 513 484 368 338 329 339 326 310

Durable goods(1)

301 317 337 205 190 189 180 177 180

Nondurable goods(1)

200 196 147 163 148 140 159 149 130

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,341 1,256 1,303 1,232 1,233 1,176 1,216 1,217 1,195

Wholesale trade

224 169 184 160 169 148 144 165 141

Retail trade

876 793 804 819 804 781 842 807 811

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

241 294 315 253 260 247 230 246 243

Information(1)

143 177 130 85 94 97 96 95 98

Financial activities

435 379 364 218 256 234 225 231 237

Finance and insurance

347 249 254 140 163 146 144 140 147

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

88 130 111 78 94 89 81 91 90

Professional and business services

1,341 1,238 1,228 1,117 1,180 1,097 1,055 1,148 1,067

Education and health services

1,286 1,287 1,273 683 750 677 633 682 642

Educational services(1)

128 135 120 94 108 87 88 91 100

Health care and social assistance

1,158 1,152 1,154 589 642 590 545 590 543

Leisure and hospitality

994 959 898 1,081 1,150 1,145 1,081 1,144 1,120

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

109 101 108 184 155 156 178 150 157

Accommodation and food services

885 858 790 897 995 989 903 994 962

Other services

225 252 227 223 221 207 227 226 182

Government

730 712 731 391 358 378 343 336 345

Federal(1)

121 127 137 36 37 72 34 37 40

State and local

610 585 594 355 322 306 309 300 304

State and local education

227 212 212 196 172 163 157 158 154

State and local, excluding education(1)

382 373 382 159 150 143 153 142 151





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.7 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7

Total private

4.9 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging(1)

4.0 5.2 4.3 6.0 3.1 2.8 4.9 3.6 3.6

Construction(1)

4.1 4.6 4.8 5.3 5.0 5.6 4.8 5.0 5.5

Manufacturing

3.8 3.8 3.6 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4

Durable goods(1)

3.6 3.8 4.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods(1)

4.0 3.9 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3

Wholesale trade

3.7 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.4

Retail trade

5.2 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

3.9 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0

Information(1)

4.8 5.9 4.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

Financial activities

4.8 4.2 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance

5.2 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

3.7 5.3 4.5 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services

6.0 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.3 5.0

Education and health services

5.1 5.0 5.0 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6

Educational services(1)

3.3 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance

5.5 5.3 5.3 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

5.7 5.4 5.1 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

4.3 4.0 4.2 7.7 6.3 6.4 7.4 6.1 6.4

Accommodation and food services

5.9 5.7 5.2 6.4 7.0 6.9 6.4 7.0 6.7

Other services

3.7 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.1

Government

3.1 3.1 3.1 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal(1)

4.1 4.3 4.6 1.3 1.3 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local

3.0 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education

2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education(1)

4.0 3.9 4.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

7,342 7,372 7,384 7,248 7,174 7,051 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,611 6,635 6,680 6,560 6,462 6,320 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7

Mining and logging(3)

31 32 30 29 41 33 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.2 4.3

Construction(3)

315 434 376 331 360 379 4.1 5.5 4.8 4.2 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

501 496 503 515 513 484 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6

Durable goods(3)

301 318 320 322 317 337 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

Nondurable goods(3)

200 179 183 193 196 147 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,341 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,256 1,303 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.5

Wholesale trade

224 262 220 213 169 184 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.0

Retail trade

876 818 815 863 793 804 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

241 355 317 314 294 315 3.9 5.5 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.9

Information(3)

143 130 107 129 177 130 4.8 4.4 3.7 4.4 5.9 4.4

Financial activities

435 354 352 378 379 364 4.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance

347 224 266 260 249 254 5.2 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

88 130 86 118 130 111 3.7 5.3 3.6 4.8 5.3 4.5

Professional and business services

1,341 1,260 1,313 1,292 1,238 1,228 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.4

Education and health services

1,286 1,254 1,329 1,322 1,287 1,273 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0

Educational services(3)

128 147 122 127 135 120 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0

Health care and social assistance

1,158 1,107 1,207 1,195 1,152 1,154 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

994 1,022 1,027 913 959 898 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

109 105 110 104 101 108 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2

Accommodation and food services

885 917 916 809 858 790 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.2

Other services

225 217 292 261 252 227 3.7 3.5 4.7 4.2 4.1 3.7

Government

730 737 704 688 712 731 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Federal(3)

121 151 110 110 127 137 4.1 5.1 3.8 3.8 4.3 4.6

State and local

610 587 595 578 585 594 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9

State and local education

227 215 212 217 212 212 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

State and local, excluding education(3)

382 372 383 360 373 382 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.0

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,197 1,065 1,271 1,231 1,172 1,239 4.2 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.3

South

2,707 2,827 2,754 2,641 2,634 2,689 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

Midwest

1,742 1,796 1,697 1,689 1,690 1,507 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.3

West

1,696 1,684 1,662 1,688 1,677 1,617 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

5,826 5,991 5,760 5,716 5,978 5,779 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,435 5,613 5,398 5,377 5,620 5,401 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging

44 28 27 21 23 21 6.0 3.7 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.8

Construction

386 420 387 413 374 418 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.0 5.6

Manufacturing

368 367 340 336 338 329 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

Durable goods

205 212 193 194 190 189 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods

163 155 147 142 148 140 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,232 1,146 1,161 1,177 1,233 1,176 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Wholesale trade

160 156 164 154 169 148 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5

Retail trade

819 756 770 798 804 781 5.2 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

253 234 227 225 260 247 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.0

Information

85 87 99 93 94 97 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4

Financial activities

218 235 217 219 256 234 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.7

Finance and insurance

140 144 139 128 163 146 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

78 91 78 91 94 89 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.8

Professional and business services

1,117 1,253 1,172 1,112 1,180 1,097 5.3 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.1

Education and health services

683 726 675 676 750 677 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.8

Educational services

94 108 98 93 108 87 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.3

Health care and social assistance

589 618 577 583 642 590 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

1,081 1,129 1,100 1,114 1,150 1,145 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

184 161 167 128 155 156 7.7 6.5 6.8 5.2 6.3 6.4

Accommodation and food services

897 968 933 986 995 989 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.9

Other services

223 223 220 217 221 207 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

Government

391 379 361 339 358 378 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7

Federal

36 38 32 33 37 72 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.5

State and local

355 340 329 306 322 306 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

196 171 171 166 172 163 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local, excluding education

159 170 158 140 150 143 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

901 944 957 891 964 924 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.3

South

2,263 2,368 2,261 2,293 2,420 2,275 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.1

Midwest

1,313 1,304 1,233 1,249 1,274 1,247 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7

West

1,349 1,374 1,308 1,283 1,320 1,333 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

5,600 5,687 5,557 5,513 5,810 5,638 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,257 5,335 5,208 5,174 5,473 5,293 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging

36 31 24 24 27 27 4.9 4.1 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.6

Construction

349 405 390 407 376 414 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.5

Manufacturing

339 357 334 331 326 310 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4

Durable goods

180 205 188 180 177 180 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

Nondurable goods

159 152 147 151 149 130 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,216 1,137 1,134 1,118 1,217 1,195 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.3

Wholesale trade

144 136 148 152 165 141 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.4

Retail trade

842 781 768 767 807 811 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

230 219 219 199 246 243 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3 4.0 4.0

Information

96 105 91 90 95 98 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5

Financial activities

225 225 211 219 231 237 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7

Finance and insurance

144 135 134 125 140 147 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

81 90 78 94 91 90 3.6 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services

1,055 1,174 1,139 1,059 1,148 1,067 5.0 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.0

Education and health services

633 637 622 611 682 642 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6

Educational services

88 91 95 89 91 100 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance

545 546 527 522 590 543 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

1,081 1,067 1,047 1,096 1,144 1,120 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

178 147 173 136 150 157 7.4 6.0 7.0 5.6 6.1 6.4

Accommodation and food services

903 919 874 960 994 962 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.7

Other services

227 197 215 218 226 182 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.1

Government

343 353 349 339 336 345 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Federal

34 32 34 33 37 40 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

State and local

309 321 315 306 300 304 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local education

157 165 178 174 158 154 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education

153 156 137 132 142 151 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

866 816 924 896 870 888 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2

South

2,200 2,344 2,078 2,114 2,237 2,272 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1

Midwest

1,215 1,236 1,216 1,224 1,298 1,146 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.4

West

1,319 1,292 1,339 1,278 1,404 1,332 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

3,473 3,516 3,478 3,462 3,668 3,526 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,303 3,327 3,277 3,278 3,487 3,343 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging

20 19 15 13 14 14 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8

Construction

177 145 168 186 177 173 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.3

Manufacturing

206 224 203 203 195 192 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Durable goods

112 130 114 114 103 115 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Nondurable goods

94 93 89 89 92 78 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

761 744 784 745 771 767 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8

Wholesale trade

101 93 105 90 89 89 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5

Retail trade

531 524 543 540 545 545 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

129 126 136 115 137 133 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2

Information

50 58 57 50 43 54 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9

Financial activities

147 145 118 137 138 147 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7

Finance and insurance

88 82 73 77 88 85 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

59 64 45 60 50 62 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.7

Professional and business services

607 647 619 621 679 603 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.8

Education and health services

437 425 406 412 485 465 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.9

Educational services

37 50 51 54 61 60 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance

400 375 355 359 424 405 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0

Leisure and hospitality

763 773 761 782 822 830 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

80 83 73 77 80 76 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1

Accommodation and food services

683 691 688 705 742 754 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.3

Other services

135 147 144 128 165 98 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.8 1.7

Government

170 190 202 183 181 183 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal

15 15 16 14 17 18 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local

155 175 186 170 164 165 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education

83 90 103 98 88 89 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9

State and local, excluding education

72 85 82 71 75 76 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION(4)

Northeast

454 448 496 507 502 527 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

South

1,380 1,478 1,381 1,392 1,479 1,435 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

Midwest

783 791 802 763 836 716 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.1

West

856 799 799 800 852 848 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

1,809 1,830 1,773 1,711 1,788 1,787 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,693 1,726 1,683 1,615 1,698 1,686 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging

14 11 8 8 12 10 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3

Construction

162 240 211 211 183 227 2.2 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.4 3.0

Manufacturing

113 111 112 109 112 100 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods

60 64 61 55 63 54 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods

53 47 51 54 49 47 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

396 351 297 313 372 370 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

Wholesale trade(3)

39 36 34 56 63 48 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.8

Retail trade

272 234 194 184 216 229 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

86 80 70 73 93 94 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5

Information

38 33 28 28 42 38 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3

Financial activities

57 54 65 63 63 61 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance

41 31 35 31 27 34 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

15 23 30 31 36 26 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.1

Professional and business services

410 451 469 376 410 412 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.9

Education and health services

143 170 170 164 159 139 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services

46 35 36 30 26 35 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9

Health care and social assistance

97 135 134 134 133 104 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

286 263 257 272 296 257 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

92 63 97 57 67 76 3.8 2.5 4.0 2.3 2.8 3.1

Accommodation and food services

194 201 160 215 229 181 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3

Other services

74 43 65 71 49 73 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.2

Government

115 104 90 97 91 100 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal

7 6 7 8 7 10 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4

State and local

108 97 83 89 84 90 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

State and local education

50 52 50 53 44 41 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education

58 46 33 36 41 49 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

REGION(4)

Northeast

329 325 371 316 308 311 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

South

699 727 579 601 624 700 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3

Midwest

381 379 349 397 396 367 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

West

400 398 474 397 460 408 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
Apr.
2019
May
2019
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

319 341 306 340 353 325 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

261 282 248 281 288 264 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 1 1 3 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4

Construction(3)

9 21 10 9 17 15 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

20 22 19 19 19 17 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Durable goods

8 10 13 12 12 11 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods(3)

12 12 6 7 8 6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

59 42 53 60 75 58 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

4 7 9 5 13 4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade

40 24 31 43 45 38 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

15 12 13 11 17 16 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information(3)

7 15 5 11 11 7 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2

Financial activities

22 26 28 20 30 29 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Finance and insurance

15 23 26 17 25 27 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

6 4 2 3 5 2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services

39 75 51 62 59 52 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Education and health services

54 43 46 35 38 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services

6 6 8 5 4 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance(3)

48 37 39 30 33 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

32 30 29 42 26 33 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

6 2 3 2 3 6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

27 28 26 39 24 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Other services(3)

18 7 5 20 12 11 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2

Government

58 60 58 59 65 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

12 10 11 11 13 12 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local

46 49 46 48 52 49 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education

23 23 24 23 26 23 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding education

23 26 22 25 26 26 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

84 42 58 73 61 49 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South

122 138 118 121 134 136 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

51 67 64 64 66 63 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

63 94 66 81 92 77 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

7,474 7,443 7,034 4.8 4.7 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,728 6,659 6,294 5.0 4.9 4.6

Mining and logging

31 41 33 3.9 5.2 4.2

Construction

315 360 379 4.0 4.4 4.7

Manufacturing

501 513 484 3.8 3.8 3.6

Durable goods

301 317 337 3.6 3.8 4.0

Nondurable goods

200 196 147 4.0 3.9 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,416 1,295 1,322 4.9 4.5 4.5

Wholesale trade

216 191 168 3.5 3.1 2.7

Retail trade

959 810 839 5.7 4.9 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

241 294 315 3.9 4.6 5.0

Information

143 177 130 4.8 5.8 4.3

Financial activities

432 385 365 4.8 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance

344 255 255 5.1 3.8 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

88 130 111 3.7 5.2 4.5

Professional and business services

1,369 1,270 1,235 6.1 5.6 5.4

Education and health services

1,269 1,333 1,239 5.1 5.3 4.9

Educational services

128 135 120 3.6 3.7 3.3

Health care and social assistance

1,141 1,197 1,119 5.4 5.5 5.2

Leisure and hospitality

1,034 1,016 904 5.7 5.5 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

103 95 105 3.7 3.3 3.7

Accommodation and food services

931 922 798 6.1 5.9 5.2

Other services

218 269 203 3.6 4.3 3.3

Government

746 784 740 3.4 3.6 3.3

Federal

121 127 137 4.1 4.3 4.6

State and local

626 657 603 3.2 3.4 3.1

State and local education

243 284 221 2.6 3.1 2.3

State and local, excluding education

382 373 382 3.9 3.8 3.9

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,237 1,206 1,272 4.3 4.2 4.4

South

2,687 2,761 2,618 4.7 4.8 4.5

Midwest

1,799 1,712 1,518 5.2 4.9 4.4

West

1,752 1,765 1,626 4.8 4.8 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

6,469 6,557 6,332 4.3 4.3 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,765 6,145 5,698 4.5 4.7 4.4

Mining and logging

48 26 23 6.3 3.4 3.0

Construction

381 432 418 5.0 5.6 5.4

Manufacturing

402 384 354 3.1 3.0 2.7

Durable goods

218 212 199 2.7 2.6 2.5

Nondurable goods

183 172 154 3.8 3.6 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,288 1,265 1,226 4.7 4.6 4.4

Wholesale trade

170 192 150 2.9 3.2 2.5

Retail trade

869 823 830 5.5 5.2 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

249 250 247 4.2 4.1 4.1

Information

84 99 98 3.0 3.5 3.4

Financial activities

220 283 243 2.6 3.2 2.8

Finance and insurance

143 178 149 2.3 2.8 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

77 105 93 3.4 4.4 3.9

Professional and business services

1,140 1,259 1,106 5.4 5.8 5.1

Education and health services

859 871 832 3.7 3.6 3.5

Educational services

172 140 156 5.0 4.0 4.5

Health care and social assistance

687 731 676 3.4 3.6 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,126 1,261 1,202 6.6 7.2 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

144 162 122 5.3 5.8 4.4

Accommodation and food services

982 1,099 1,080 6.8 7.5 7.4

Other services

216 262 197 3.7 4.4 3.3

Government

704 413 634 3.3 1.9 2.9

Federal

36 36 73 1.3 1.3 2.6

State and local

668 377 560 3.6 2.0 3.0

State and local education

511 195 422 5.5 2.2 4.5

State and local, excluding education

157 182 138 1.7 1.9 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

933 1,126 942 3.4 4.1 3.4

South

2,593 2,592 2,542 4.7 4.7 4.6

Midwest

1,454 1,359 1,368 4.4 4.1 4.1

West

1,488 1,479 1,479 4.3 4.2 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

6,679 6,272 6,705 4.5 4.1 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,137 5,862 6,188 4.8 4.5 4.8

Mining and logging

40 27 30 5.2 3.6 3.9

Construction

389 392 457 5.1 5.1 5.9

Manufacturing

432 358 388 3.4 2.8 3.0

Durable goods

234 205 230 2.9 2.5 2.8

Nondurable goods

197 153 158 4.1 3.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,360 1,253 1,364 4.9 4.5 4.9

Wholesale trade

171 177 162 2.9 3.0 2.7

Retail trade

942 830 933 6.0 5.3 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

247 245 269 4.2 4.1 4.4

Information

104 103 111 3.7 3.6 3.9

Financial activities

263 240 284 3.0 2.7 3.2

Finance and insurance

181 142 191 2.9 2.2 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

82 97 93 3.6 4.1 3.9

Professional and business services

1,122 1,183 1,113 5.3 5.5 5.1

Education and health services

762 808 780 3.3 3.4 3.2

Educational services

135 125 160 3.9 3.6 4.6

Health care and social assistance

627 683 620 3.1 3.3 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,365 1,242 1,408 8.0 7.1 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

282 144 251 10.5 5.1 9.1

Accommodation and food services

1,082 1,098 1,157 7.5 7.5 7.9

Other services

301 255 253 5.1 4.2 4.2

Government

541 410 517 2.5 1.9 2.4

Federal

38 36 47 1.4 1.3 1.6

State and local

503 375 470 2.7 2.0 2.5

State and local education

239 225 222 2.6 2.5 2.4

State and local, excluding education

264 150 248 2.8 1.6 2.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,095 917 1,115 4.0 3.3 4.0

South

2,567 2,464 2,642 4.7 4.5 4.8

Midwest

1,509 1,389 1,406 4.6 4.2 4.2

West

1,508 1,502 1,542 4.4 4.3 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

4,308 4,144 4,380 2.9 2.7 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,049 3,929 4,112 3.2 3.0 3.2

Mining and logging

24 17 17 3.2 2.2 2.2

Construction

223 214 217 2.9 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing

280 229 260 2.2 1.8 2.0

Durable goods

149 126 153 1.9 1.6 1.9

Nondurable goods

131 103 107 2.7 2.1 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

927 834 933 3.4 3.0 3.4

Wholesale trade

128 95 110 2.2 1.6 1.8

Retail trade

649 585 668 4.1 3.7 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

150 154 155 2.5 2.5 2.6

Information

63 50 68 2.2 1.7 2.4

Financial activities

168 150 170 1.9 1.7 1.9

Finance and insurance

109 100 108 1.7 1.6 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

59 50 62 2.6 2.1 2.6

Professional and business services

693 732 671 3.3 3.4 3.1

Education and health services

519 557 576 2.2 2.3 2.4

Educational services

58 82 99 1.7 2.4 2.8

Health care and social assistance

461 475 477 2.3 2.3 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

975 954 1,066 5.7 5.5 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

151 102 139 5.6 3.6 5.1

Accommodation and food services

823 853 926 5.7 5.8 6.3

Other services

177 193 135 3.0 3.2 2.3

Government

259 215 268 1.2 1.0 1.2

Federal

19 17 23 0.7 0.6 0.8

State and local

240 198 245 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local education

136 114 138 1.5 1.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education

104 83 107 1.1 0.9 1.1

REGION(3)

Northeast

583 549 663 2.1 2.0 2.4

South

1,683 1,700 1,746 3.1 3.1 3.2

Midwest

1,024 949 933 3.1 2.9 2.8

West

1,018 946 1,038 2.9 2.7 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

2,031 1,746 1,979 1.4 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,814 1,635 1,798 1.4 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging

14 10 9 1.8 1.3 1.2

Construction

157 162 226 2.1 2.1 2.9

Manufacturing

131 108 112 1.0 0.8 0.9

Durable goods

77 65 67 1.0 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

54 43 45 1.1 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

369 333 367 1.3 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade

39 63 48 0.7 1.1 0.8

Retail trade

249 196 222 1.6 1.2 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

81 75 97 1.4 1.2 1.6

Information

34 43 37 1.2 1.5 1.3

Financial activities

70 66 75 0.8 0.8 0.9

Finance and insurance

54 24 46 0.8 0.4 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

17 42 29 0.7 1.8 1.2

Professional and business services

387 392 392 1.8 1.8 1.8

Education and health services

187 210 164 0.8 0.9 0.7

Educational services

69 35 54 2.0 1.0 1.6

Health care and social assistance

119 175 109 0.6 0.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

358 261 309 2.1 1.5 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

126 40 106 4.7 1.4 3.9

Accommodation and food services

232 221 203 1.6 1.5 1.4

Other services

107 51 107 1.8 0.8 1.8

Government

217 112 181 1.0 0.5 0.8

Federal

8 6 13 0.3 0.2 0.4

State and local

209 105 169 1.1 0.6 0.9

State and local education

74 71 57 0.8 0.8 0.6

State and local, excluding education

135 35 112 1.4 0.4 1.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

424 295 396 1.5 1.1 1.4

South

758 635 753 1.4 1.2 1.4

Midwest

424 370 398 1.3 1.1 1.2

West

425 446 432 1.2 1.3 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)
Aug.
2018
July
2019
Aug.
2019(p)

Total

339 382 346 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

274 298 278 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 1 3 0.2 0.1 0.4

Construction

9 17 15 0.1 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing

20 21 16 0.2 0.2 0.1

Durable goods

8 14 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods

12 8 6 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

64 86 64 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

5 20 4 0.1 0.3 0.1

Retail trade

44 49 43 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

15 17 16 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information

7 11 7 0.2 0.4 0.2

Financial activities

25 24 39 0.3 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance

19 18 37 0.3 0.3 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

6 5 2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Professional and business services

41 60 50 0.2 0.3 0.2

Education and health services

56 41 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

8 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance

48 33 34 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

32 26 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

6 3 6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services

27 24 28 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

18 12 11 0.3 0.2 0.2

Government

66 84 68 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal

12 12 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local

54 72 57 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local education

29 40 27 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education

25 32 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

87 73 56 0.3 0.3 0.2

South

126 129 143 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest

61 71 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

65 109 72 0.2 0.3 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: October 09, 2019