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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 6, 2018	USDL-18-1785

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2018

The number of job openings decreased to 7.0 million on the last business day of September, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were both little 
changed at 5.7 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.4 percent and the layoffs 
and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four geographic 
regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the job openings level fell to 7.0 million (-284,000), after 
reaching a revised series high of 7.3 million in August. The job openings rate was 4.5 percent in 
September. The number of job openings edged down for total private (-188,000) and fell in government 
(-96,000). Job openings increased in health care and social assistance (+71,000). The number of job 
openings decreased in many industries, with the largest decreases in professional and business services
(-118,000), finance and insurance (-82,000), and state and local government, excluding education
(-67,000). Job openings decreased in the South region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires in September was little changed at 5.7 million, after reaching a revised series high 
of 5.9 million in August. The hires rate was 3.8 percent in September. The number of hires was little 
changed for total private and for government. Hires were little changed in all industries. Hires decreased 
in the West region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.7 million in September. The total separations 
rate was 3.8 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and edged down 
for government (-28,000). Total separations decreased in state and local government education
(-21,000). The number of total separations decreased in the West region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in September at 3.6 million. The quits rate was 2.4 percent. The 
number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in educational 
services (+15,000), but decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-20,000) and state and 
local government education (-10,000). The number of quits decreased in the West region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in September at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for total 
private and edged down for government (-19,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little 
changed in all industries and regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in September at 365,000. The other separations 
level was little changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in professional 
and business services (+22,000), but decreased in state and local government education (-7,000). The 
number of other separations increased in the Midwest region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 67.5 million 
and separations totaled 65.1 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2018 are scheduled to be 
released on Monday, December 10, 2018 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

6,229 7,293 7,009 5,375 5,906 5,744 5,346 5,779 5,667

Total private

5,726 6,595 6,407 5,033 5,551 5,393 5,002 5,422 5,338

Mining and logging(1)

25 36 32 27 43 45 22 35 32

Construction(1)

179 317 278 387 366 374 375 334 351

Manufacturing

445 508 484 330 368 326 317 343 314

Durable goods(1)

271 304 302 190 205 187 181 188 176

Nondurable goods(1)

174 204 182 140 163 139 136 154 138

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,158 1,267 1,294 1,040 1,218 1,159 991 1,206 1,160

Wholesale trade(1)

202 221 237 134 164 142 119 151 137

Retail trade

688 760 756 691 818 795 682 837 825

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

267 287 300 214 236 222 190 218 198

Information(1)

115 149 117 82 77 81 99 83 82

Financial activities

387 450 356 191 221 219 185 231 205

Finance and insurance

318 354 272 123 141 140 118 143 138

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

69 96 84 68 80 79 67 88 67

Professional and business services

1,222 1,374 1,256 1,161 1,253 1,195 1,154 1,194 1,171

Education and health services

1,124 1,275 1,300 635 715 726 607 665 691

Educational services(1)

87 123 76 90 92 96 78 88 94

Health care and social assistance

1,037 1,152 1,223 544 623 631 528 577 598

Leisure and hospitality

786 996 1,048 993 1,059 1,073 1,039 1,072 1,102

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

90 94 87 154 173 163 169 177 164

Accommodation and food services

695 901 961 839 886 910 870 895 938

Other services(1)

286 223 243 188 231 196 212 260 229

Government

503 698 602 341 355 351 344 357 329

Federal(1)

68 108 79 30 32 34 41 33 32

State and local

435 591 523 312 322 316 304 324 297

State and local education

163 206 205 145 173 174 134 172 151

State and local, excluding education(1)

273 384 317 167 149 142 170 152 146





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.1 4.7 4.5 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.8

Total private

4.4 4.9 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging(1)

3.5 4.6 4.0 3.9 5.7 5.9 3.2 4.6 4.3

Construction(1)

2.5 4.2 3.7 5.6 5.0 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

3.4 3.8 3.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.5

Durable goods(1)

3.4 3.7 3.7 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods(1)

3.6 4.1 3.7 3.0 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

4.0 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.2 3.6 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade(1)

3.3 3.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.5 2.3

Retail trade

4.2 4.6 4.5 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

4.4 4.6 4.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.3

Information(1)

4.0 5.1 4.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.6 3.0 3.0

Financial activities

4.4 5.0 4.0 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.4

Finance and insurance

4.8 5.3 4.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

3.0 4.1 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.0

Professional and business services

5.6 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5

Education and health services

4.6 5.1 5.2 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.9

Educational services(1)

2.3 3.2 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

5.0 5.5 5.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

4.7 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3.7 3.9 3.6 6.6 7.4 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.0

Accommodation and food services

4.8 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.7

Other services(1)

4.7 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.7 4.4 3.9

Government

2.2 3.0 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal(1)

2.4 3.7 2.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2

State and local

2.2 2.9 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education

1.5 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding education(1)

2.9 4.0 3.4 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, and federal government data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

6,229 6,659 6,822 7,077 7,293 7,009 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,726 6,052 6,183 6,384 6,595 6,407 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8

Mining and logging(3)

25 34 27 33 36 32 3.5 4.5 3.5 4.3 4.6 4.0

Construction(3)

179 253 267 275 317 278 2.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.7

Manufacturing

445 474 475 496 508 484 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7

Durable goods(3)

271 296 293 289 304 302 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods(3)

174 178 182 207 204 182 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,158 1,308 1,348 1,333 1,267 1,294 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4

Wholesale trade(3)

202 183 222 261 221 237 3.3 3.0 3.6 4.2 3.5 3.8

Retail trade

688 793 842 773 760 756 4.2 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

267 332 285 300 287 300 4.4 5.4 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.8

Information(3)

115 132 136 146 149 117 4.0 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.1

Financial activities

387 350 352 396 450 356 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.4 5.0 4.0

Finance and insurance

318 262 244 309 354 272 4.8 4.0 3.7 4.6 5.3 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

69 88 108 88 96 84 3.0 3.8 4.6 3.8 4.1 3.6

Professional and business services

1,222 1,159 1,155 1,244 1,374 1,256 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.6 6.1 5.6

Education and health services

1,124 1,248 1,295 1,247 1,275 1,300 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.2

Educational services(3)

87 112 147 120 123 76 2.3 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.2 2.0

Health care and social assistance

1,037 1,136 1,148 1,127 1,152 1,223 5.0 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.8

Leisure and hospitality

786 877 931 993 996 1,048 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.7 6.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

90 88 86 93 94 87 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.6

Accommodation and food services

695 789 845 900 901 961 4.8 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.4

Other services(3)

286 218 198 220 223 243 4.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.7 4.0

Government

503 607 639 693 698 602 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.6

Federal(3)

68 97 115 96 108 79 2.4 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.7 2.8

State and local

435 510 524 597 591 523 2.2 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.6

State and local education

163 173 194 213 206 205 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9

State and local, excluding education(3)

273 337 330 383 384 317 2.9 3.6 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.4

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,058 1,104 1,174 1,201 1,177 1,228 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3

South

2,193 2,414 2,429 2,565 2,765 2,516 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4

Midwest

1,600 1,667 1,672 1,707 1,707 1,639 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.7

West

1,378 1,474 1,547 1,604 1,644 1,625 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

5,375 5,747 5,677 5,713 5,906 5,744 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,033 5,404 5,328 5,366 5,551 5,393 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.2

Mining and logging

27 42 41 38 43 45 3.9 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.9

Construction

387 386 360 373 366 374 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1

Manufacturing

330 356 360 392 368 326 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.6

Durable goods

190 208 207 231 205 187 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.3

Nondurable goods

140 149 153 161 163 139 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,040 1,099 1,120 1,142 1,218 1,159 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.2

Wholesale trade

134 130 135 134 164 142 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.4

Retail trade

691 738 755 790 818 795 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

214 231 230 218 236 222 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8

Information

82 89 78 76 77 81 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9

Financial activities

191 202 247 215 221 219 2.3 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.5

Finance and insurance

123 129 169 136 141 140 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

68 73 79 79 80 79 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Professional and business services

1,161 1,190 1,160 1,180 1,253 1,195 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.7

Education and health services

635 723 712 701 715 726 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1

Educational services

90 102 91 104 92 96 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance

544 621 620 598 623 631 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality

993 1,081 1,047 1,065 1,059 1,073 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

154 181 166 146 173 163 6.6 7.7 7.1 6.2 7.4 6.9

Accommodation and food services

839 900 881 918 886 910 6.1 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.5

Other services

188 236 202 184 231 196 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.3

Government

341 343 349 347 355 351 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Federal

30 29 30 33 32 34 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local

312 314 320 314 322 316 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

145 147 165 157 173 174 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7

State and local, excluding education

167 167 155 157 149 142 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

819 854 898 936 880 801 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9

South

2,153 2,304 2,286 2,305 2,400 2,407 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4

Midwest

1,186 1,336 1,245 1,271 1,296 1,343 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1

West

1,216 1,252 1,249 1,201 1,330 1,193 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

5,346 5,419 5,514 5,596 5,779 5,667 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,002 5,093 5,172 5,242 5,422 5,338 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging

22 35 34 33 35 32 3.2 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.3

Construction

375 340 350 337 334 351 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8

Manufacturing

317 342 337 358 343 314 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5

Durable goods

181 193 180 195 188 176 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods

136 149 156 162 154 138 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

991 1,073 1,116 1,130 1,206 1,160 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2

Wholesale trade

119 119 131 125 151 137 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3

Retail trade

682 726 778 806 837 825 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

190 228 207 200 218 198 3.3 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.3

Information

99 92 81 79 83 82 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0

Financial activities

185 191 234 225 231 205 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.4

Finance and insurance

118 120 154 145 143 138 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

67 71 79 80 88 67 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.0

Professional and business services

1,154 1,143 1,132 1,118 1,194 1,171 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.5

Education and health services

607 652 665 664 665 691 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9

Educational services

78 95 71 97 88 94 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

528 557 594 566 577 598 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

1,039 1,038 1,018 1,058 1,072 1,102 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

169 166 173 138 177 164 7.3 7.1 7.4 5.9 7.5 7.0

Accommodation and food services

870 872 845 920 895 938 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.7

Other services

212 188 207 240 260 229 3.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.4 3.9

Government

344 326 341 354 357 329 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal

41 31 32 34 33 32 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

State and local

304 295 309 320 324 297 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

State and local education

134 144 153 160 172 151 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

State and local, excluding education

170 150 156 160 152 146 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6

REGION(3)

Northeast

869 795 857 773 856 812 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9

South

2,078 2,173 2,189 2,311 2,356 2,430 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5

Midwest

1,174 1,237 1,236 1,257 1,257 1,272 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8

West

1,224 1,214 1,232 1,256 1,310 1,153 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

3,256 3,480 3,477 3,608 3,648 3,601 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,080 3,287 3,285 3,422 3,480 3,436 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7

Mining and logging

15 23 21 21 21 20 2.2 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7

Construction

153 162 164 178 165 170 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Manufacturing

191 197 206 217 212 198 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Durable goods

109 111 113 120 119 105 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3

Nondurable goods

82 86 93 96 93 93 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

634 737 751 730 759 730 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6

Wholesale trade

86 86 79 78 108 87 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5

Retail trade

447 512 550 535 529 540 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

101 138 122 117 122 102 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.7

Information

51 56 51 49 49 44 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6

Financial activities

114 110 129 141 155 125 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4

Finance and insurance

80 66 78 77 89 74 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

34 44 52 64 66 51 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.2

Professional and business services

713 692 723 709 696 693 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3

Education and health services

407 468 440 449 469 483 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

Educational services

45 50 34 45 35 50 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.3

Health care and social assistance

361 417 407 404 434 434 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2

Leisure and hospitality

665 714 705 765 777 797 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

52 71 77 76 84 88 2.2 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.7

Accommodation and food services

613 643 629 689 693 709 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.1

Other services(3)

137 129 95 163 177 176 2.4 2.2 1.6 2.8 3.0 3.0

Government

176 193 192 187 168 165 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7

Federal

16 15 14 14 13 14 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local

160 178 178 172 155 151 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

State and local education

73 93 92 91 85 75 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

State and local, excluding education

87 85 86 82 70 76 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

REGION(4)

Northeast

437 471 460 442 448 455 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

South

1,307 1,457 1,432 1,504 1,500 1,562 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

Midwest

745 775 819 824 856 830 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

West

766 777 766 838 845 754 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.2

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

1,764 1,618 1,652 1,622 1,790 1,700 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,658 1,538 1,568 1,520 1,666 1,594 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging(3)

5 10 11 11 13 10 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

Construction

209 159 176 151 159 171 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.3

Manufacturing

105 124 111 120 112 95 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7

Durable goods

58 69 55 60 60 60 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

46 55 56 60 52 35 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

277 262 290 329 384 374 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3

Wholesale trade(3)

30 21 37 34 38 40 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Retail trade

176 163 184 230 264 245 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

71 79 70 66 82 88 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.5

Information

37 25 22 24 27 33 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2

Financial activities

45 72 68 57 55 56 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance

19 46 44 43 40 41 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

26 26 23 15 15 15 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services

411 383 341 326 443 401 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.9

Education and health services

154 146 172 167 141 151 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Educational services

31 38 29 42 45 36 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance

123 108 143 125 96 116 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

347 304 283 263 265 263 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

112 91 94 60 87 68 4.8 3.9 4.0 2.6 3.7 2.9

Accommodation and food services

235 213 189 202 177 194 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Other services

70 51 94 72 67 41 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7

Government

105 80 84 102 125 106 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal

13 7 6 7 7 6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local

92 73 78 95 118 100 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

State and local education

35 33 34 44 60 57 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5

State and local, excluding education

57 40 44 51 57 43 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

REGION(4)

Northeast

379 267 316 277 322 287 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

South

657 610 632 685 731 736 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

Midwest

349 392 334 347 348 366 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

West

378 349 369 314 389 311 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
May
2018
June
2018
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

327 321 384 365 341 365 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

264 268 319 300 277 307 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 2 2 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Construction(3)

13 19 10 8 10 9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

22 21 20 22 19 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods

14 13 13 15 9 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods(3)

8 8 7 7 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

80 74 75 71 64 57 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

4 12 15 14 6 9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade

59 51 44 41 44 40 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

18 11 15 17 14 8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1

Information(3)

12 10 8 5 7 6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Financial activities

26 9 37 27 21 25 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3

Finance and insurance

20 8 33 25 14 23 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

6 1 4 1 7 2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

29 67 69 84 54 76 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

Education and health services

46 39 52 48 54 57 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services(3)

2 6 8 10 8 8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance(3)

44 32 44 38 47 48 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

28 19 29 30 31 43 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

5 4 3 1 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services(3)

23 15 27 28 25 35 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services(3)

6 8 18 5 16 12 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government

63 52 65 65 64 58 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

12 8 12 13 13 12 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4

State and local

52 44 53 53 51 46 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

State and local education

26 19 27 25 26 19 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education

26 25 26 27 25 27 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

53 57 80 54 86 70 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

South

114 106 124 122 125 132 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

79 70 83 86 53 76 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

West

80 88 97 103 77 87 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

6,263 7,412 7,070 4.1 4.7 4.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,760 6,689 6,466 4.4 5.0 4.8

Mining and logging

25 36 32 3.5 4.5 4.0

Construction

179 317 278 2.4 4.0 3.6

Manufacturing

445 508 484 3.4 3.8 3.6

Durable goods

271 304 302 3.4 3.7 3.7

Nondurable goods

174 204 182 3.5 4.1 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,272 1,309 1,401 4.4 4.5 4.8

Wholesale trade

202 221 237 3.3 3.5 3.8

Retail trade

803 802 863 4.9 4.8 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

267 287 300 4.4 4.7 4.8

Information

115 149 117 4.0 5.1 4.1

Financial activities

387 446 350 4.4 4.9 3.9

Finance and insurance

318 350 266 4.8 5.2 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

69 96 84 3.0 4.0 3.6

Professional and business services

1,235 1,401 1,276 5.7 6.2 5.7

Education and health services

1,092 1,258 1,273 4.5 5.1 5.1

Educational services

87 123 76 2.3 3.4 2.0

Health care and social assistance

1,006 1,135 1,196 4.9 5.4 5.7

Leisure and hospitality

723 1,043 1,013 4.3 5.8 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

73 102 72 3.0 3.7 2.9

Accommodation and food services

650 941 941 4.5 6.1 6.3

Other services

286 223 243 4.7 3.6 4.0

Government

503 723 604 2.2 3.3 2.6

Federal

68 108 79 2.4 3.7 2.8

State and local

435 615 525 2.2 3.2 2.6

State and local education

162 231 208 1.5 2.4 1.9

State and local, excluding education

273 384 317 2.9 3.9 3.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,083 1,224 1,278 3.8 4.3 4.4

South

2,171 2,751 2,484 3.9 4.8 4.3

Midwest

1,639 1,753 1,674 4.8 5.0 4.8

West

1,368 1,683 1,635 3.9 4.7 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

5,451 6,610 5,853 3.7 4.4 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,033 5,937 5,395 4.0 4.6 4.2

Mining and logging

25 47 42 3.6 6.2 5.5

Construction

361 370 355 5.0 4.9 4.7

Manufacturing

343 406 334 2.7 3.2 2.6

Durable goods

194 218 188 2.5 2.7 2.4

Nondurable goods

149 187 145 3.1 3.9 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,046 1,267 1,160 3.8 4.6 4.2

Wholesale trade

135 167 144 2.3 2.8 2.4

Retail trade

676 864 782 4.3 5.4 5.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

235 236 235 4.1 4.0 4.0

Information

79 77 78 2.9 2.7 2.8

Financial activities

177 226 202 2.1 2.6 2.3

Finance and insurance

115 145 129 1.8 2.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

61 82 73 2.8 3.5 3.2

Professional and business services

1,134 1,288 1,174 5.5 6.1 5.5

Education and health services

713 911 820 3.1 3.9 3.5

Educational services

153 180 160 4.2 5.2 4.3

Health care and social assistance

560 731 660 2.9 3.7 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

968 1,127 1,045 6.0 6.6 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

132 143 135 5.6 5.4 5.6

Accommodation and food services

835 984 910 6.0 6.8 6.4

Other services

186 219 184 3.2 3.7 3.1

Government

418 674 458 1.9 3.1 2.0

Federal

27 34 34 0.9 1.2 1.2

State and local

391 640 424 2.0 3.4 2.2

State and local education

241 492 300 2.3 5.3 2.9

State and local, excluding education

150 148 124 1.6 1.6 1.4

REGION(3)

Northeast

906 939 884 3.3 3.4 3.2

South

2,117 2,745 2,409 3.9 5.0 4.4

Midwest

1,169 1,466 1,349 3.6 4.4 4.1

West

1,259 1,461 1,211 3.7 4.2 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

5,767 6,870 6,023 3.9 4.6 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,359 6,334 5,648 4.3 4.9 4.4

Mining and logging

25 39 35 3.5 5.1 4.6

Construction

381 391 363 5.3 5.2 4.9

Manufacturing

345 436 332 2.8 3.4 2.6

Durable goods

194 242 185 2.5 3.0 2.3

Nondurable goods

151 194 148 3.2 4.0 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

965 1,340 1,126 3.5 4.8 4.1

Wholesale trade

120 177 138 2.0 2.9 2.3

Retail trade

671 927 808 4.3 5.8 5.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

174 236 180 3.0 4.0 3.0

Information

101 92 85 3.6 3.3 3.1

Financial activities

180 278 198 2.1 3.2 2.3

Finance and insurance

116 188 132 1.8 3.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

65 90 66 2.9 3.9 2.9

Professional and business services

1,162 1,312 1,193 5.6 6.2 5.6

Education and health services

626 797 718 2.7 3.4 3.0

Educational services

83 133 99 2.3 3.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance

542 664 619 2.8 3.3 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

1,341 1,353 1,359 8.3 7.9 8.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

327 277 279 13.8 10.5 11.7

Accommodation and food services

1,013 1,076 1,080 7.3 7.5 7.6

Other services

234 295 240 4.0 5.0 4.1

Government

408 536 374 1.8 2.5 1.7

Federal

42 38 35 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local

366 498 339 1.9 2.7 1.7

State and local education

115 246 127 1.1 2.7 1.2

State and local, excluding education

251 252 212 2.8 2.7 2.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,060 1,064 955 3.9 3.9 3.5

South

2,148 2,744 2,507 4.0 5.0 4.6

Midwest

1,245 1,541 1,365 3.8 4.7 4.1

West

1,314 1,521 1,195 3.9 4.4 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

3,447 4,473 3,824 2.3 3.0 2.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,264 4,220 3,653 2.6 3.3 2.9

Mining and logging

18 25 23 2.5 3.3 3.0

Construction

159 221 179 2.2 2.9 2.4

Manufacturing

203 290 207 1.6 2.3 1.6

Durable goods

118 158 111 1.5 2.0 1.4

Nondurable goods

85 132 96 1.8 2.7 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

662 912 760 2.4 3.3 2.7

Wholesale trade

87 133 89 1.5 2.2 1.5

Retail trade

470 637 568 3.0 4.0 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

105 142 102 1.8 2.4 1.7

Information

55 60 46 2.0 2.2 1.7

Financial activities

114 184 125 1.3 2.1 1.4

Finance and insurance

80 118 74 1.3 1.9 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

34 66 51 1.5 2.9 2.2

Professional and business services

730 800 704 3.5 3.8 3.3

Education and health services

429 560 515 1.8 2.4 2.2

Educational services

55 57 61 1.5 1.6 1.7

Health care and social assistance

374 503 453 1.9 2.5 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

758 990 919 4.7 5.8 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

71 152 126 3.0 5.8 5.3

Accommodation and food services

686 838 793 5.0 5.8 5.6

Other services

137 177 176 2.4 3.0 3.0

Government

183 253 171 0.8 1.2 0.8

Federal

17 18 15 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local

167 235 156 0.9 1.3 0.8

State and local education

68 135 66 0.7 1.5 0.6

State and local, excluding education

99 100 90 1.1 1.1 1.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

504 559 520 1.9 2.0 1.9

South

1,344 1,804 1,614 2.5 3.3 3.0

Midwest

797 1,102 911 2.5 3.3 2.8

West

802 1,009 778 2.4 2.9 2.3

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

2,003 2,041 1,843 1.4 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,839 1,826 1,696 1.5 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging

5 13 10 0.8 1.7 1.3

Construction

209 160 174 2.9 2.1 2.3

Manufacturing

122 128 106 1.0 1.0 0.8

Durable goods

63 75 65 0.8 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods

59 53 42 1.2 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

224 359 312 0.8 1.3 1.1

Wholesale trade

30 38 40 0.5 0.6 0.7

Retail trade

143 241 203 0.9 1.5 1.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

51 80 69 0.9 1.4 1.2

Information

34 25 33 1.2 0.9 1.2

Financial activities

41 69 50 0.5 0.8 0.6

Finance and insurance

17 52 37 0.3 0.8 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

24 17 13 1.1 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services

405 455 413 2.0 2.1 1.9

Education and health services

151 183 147 0.7 0.8 0.6

Educational services

26 69 29 0.7 2.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance

125 114 118 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

556 333 398 3.4 1.9 2.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

251 119 146 10.6 4.5 6.1

Accommodation and food services

305 213 252 2.2 1.5 1.8

Other services

91 102 52 1.6 1.7 0.9

Government

165 215 147 0.7 1.0 0.7

Federal

13 8 7 0.5 0.3 0.3

State and local

152 207 140 0.8 1.1 0.7

State and local education

26 82 46 0.3 0.9 0.4

State and local, excluding education

125 125 94 1.4 1.3 1.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

497 419 362 1.8 1.5 1.3

South

701 807 770 1.3 1.5 1.4

Midwest

373 379 378 1.1 1.1 1.1

West

432 436 332 1.3 1.3 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and regional data in this table have been corrected for the months January 2011 through March 2018.


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)
Sept.
2017
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018(p)

Total

317 356 356 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

257 288 300 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 1 1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Construction

13 10 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Manufacturing

20 18 19 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods

13 8 9 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nondurable goods

8 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

79 69 53 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade

4 6 8 0.1 0.1 0.1

Retail trade

57 48 37 0.4 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

18 14 8 0.3 0.2 0.1

Information

12 7 6 0.4 0.2 0.2

Financial activities

25 24 23 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance

18 18 21 0.3 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

6 7 2 0.3 0.3 0.1

Professional and business services

27 58 76 0.1 0.3 0.4

Education and health services

46 54 57 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

2 8 8 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance

44 47 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

28 31 43 0.2 0.2 0.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

5 5 8 0.2 0.2 0.3

Accommodation and food services

23 25 35 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

6 16 12 0.1 0.3 0.2

Government

60 68 56 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

12 12 13 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local

48 56 43 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local education

21 30 15 0.2 0.3 0.1

State and local, excluding education

26 26 29 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

59 85 74 0.2 0.3 0.3

South

103 134 123 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

75 61 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

80 76 84 0.2 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: November 06, 2018