For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 10, 2009 USDL-09-1359
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – September 2009
On the last business day of September, the number of job openings in
the U.S. was little changed at 2.5 million, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The hires
rate (3.1 percent) and the separations rate (3.3 percent) were
unchanged and remained low in September. This release includes
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and
separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic
region.
Job Openings
The job openings rate was little changed in September at a rate of 1.9
percent. The number of job openings has fallen by 2.3 million, or 48
percent, since the most recent peak in June 2007. The job openings
rate decreased in state and local government in September and was
little changed in the remaining industries. The job openings rate
increased in the Midwest. (See table 1.)
Over the 12 months ending in September, the job openings rate (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The job openings rate also decreased in the following
industries: construction; durable goods manufacturing; nondurable
goods manufacturing; transportation, warehousing, and utilities;
health care and social assistance; accommodation and food services;
federal government; and state and local government. The job openings
rate decreased in 3 of the 4 regions—Midwest, South, and West. (See
table 5.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Sept.| Aug. | Sept.| Sept.| Aug. | Sept.| Sept.| Aug. | Sept.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,346 |2,423 |2,480 |4,505 |4,040 |4,010 |4,852 |4,284 |4,311
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,913 |2,128 |2,232 |4,263 |3,779 |3,758 |4,553 |3,976 |4,017
Construction.....| 152 | 65 | 62 | 365 | 297 | 353 | 412 | 342 | 421
Manufacturing....| 236 | 122 | 136 | 305 | 243 | 262 | 371 | 313 | 316
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 525 | 422 | 414 | 959 | 818 | 832 |1,046 | 850 | 864
Retail trade....| 297 | 273 | 268 | 649 | 557 | 525 | 684 | 567 | 548
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 608 | 438 | 455 | 787 | 715 | 699 | 809 | 728 | 701
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 624 | 520 | 547 | 506 | 538 | 524 | 488 | 509 | 513
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 427 | 238 | 299 | 814 | 695 | 653 | 830 | 704 | 685
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 44 | 22 | 24 | 117 | 107 | 104 | 115 | 111 | 100
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 374 | 216 | 274 | 708 | 591 | 556 | 714 | 593 | 583
Government(3).....| 431 | 300 | 267 | 278 | 261 | 258 | 294 | 293 | 283
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 352 | 269 | 221 | 259 | 233 | 235 | 280 | 271 | 263
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7
Construction.....| 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 7.0
Manufacturing....| 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.4
Retail trade....| 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.2
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 3.1 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.2
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.2
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 3.2 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.2
Government(3).....| 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires
The hires level was little changed at 4.0 million in September but has
declined by 1.6 million, or 29 percent, since its most recent peak in
July 2006. The hires rate was unchanged in September at 3.1 percent.
The hires rate increased in construction and was little changed in the
remaining industries and all four regions. (See table 2.)
Over the 12 months ending in September, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) declined for total nonfarm, total private, and government.
The hires rate decreased over the 12 months for retail trade; finance
and insurance; accommodation and food services; and state and local
government. The rate increased for educational services. The hires
rate fell over the past 12 months in the Midwest and West. (See table
6.)
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Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged in September
and remained low at 3.3 percent. The total separations rate (not
seasonally adjusted) decreased over the 12 months ending in September
for total nonfarm and total private. Total separations includes quits
(voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary
separations), and other separations (including retirements). (See
tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. The quits rate remained unchanged in September
at 1.4 percent. The quits level was 1.8 million in September, which is
43 percent lower than its most recent peak in December 2006. (See
table 4.)
Over the 12 months ending in September, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was lower for total nonfarm, total private, government, the
majority of industries, and the South, Midwest, and West regions. The
industries for which the quits rate was little changed over the year
include construction; nondurable goods manufacturing; information;
professional and business services; health care and social assistance;
other services; and federal government. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges levels for total
nonfarm, total private, and government were little changed in
September at 2.1 million, 2.0 million, and 118,000 respectively. The
corresponding layoffs and discharges rates were 1.6 percent, 1.9
percent, and 0.5 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges at the
total nonfarm level in September was 35 percent higher than the most
recent trough in January 2006. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed over the 12 months ending in September for total nonfarm and
total private, while the rate increased for government. The layoffs
and discharges rate rose in mining and logging; construction;
transportation, warehousing, and utilities; other services; federal
government; and state and local government. The rate decreased in
retail trade. The layoffs and discharges rate increased in the
Northeast. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Sept.| Aug. | Sept.| Sept.| Aug. | Sept.
| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p| 2008 | 2009 | 2009p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,910 | 2,248 | 2,141 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6
Total private.....| 1,827 | 2,123 | 2,023 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9
Government....... | 100 | 135 | 118 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In September,
there were 323,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 266,000 for
total private, and 57,000 for government. Compared to September 2008,
the number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time.
The proportion of separations due
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to quits declined from the most recent high of 59 percent in
January 2008 to a series low of 38 percent in April 2009. It then rose
slightly and stood at 42 percent in September 2009. The proportion of
separations due to layoffs and discharges reached a series high of
55 percent in July 2009 then dropped to 50 percent in September 2009.
(See tables 3 and 4, and table B above.)
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in September, hires totaled 50.4 million and
separations totaled 55.6 million, yielding a net employment loss of
5.2 million.
___________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2009
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, December 8, 2009 at 10:00
a.m. (EST).
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels
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of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special Collection Procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS Business Birth/Death Model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample
cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model to
estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS
data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
- 7 -
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a
- 8 -
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 3,346 2,513 2,523 2,513 2,408 2,423 2,480 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,913 2,042 2,191 2,163 2,090 2,128 2,232 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0
Construction........................... 152 29 39 56 47 65 62 2.1 .5 .6 .9 .8 1.1 1.0
Manufacturing.......................... 236 95 105 113 110 122 136 1.7 .8 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 525 332 466 469 393 422 414 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6
Retail trade.......................... 297 205 319 308 260 273 268 1.9 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8
Professional and business services..... 608 461 451 445 431 438 455 3.3 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7
Education and health services.......... 624 515 530 531 553 520 547 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8
Leisure and hospitality................ 427 322 265 276 256 238 299 3.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 44 22 20 19 17 22 24 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 1.1 1.3
Accommodation and food services....... 374 312 239 254 237 216 274 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.4
Government(6)........................... 431 461 310 322 314 300 267 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2
State and local government............. 352 307 267 273 266 269 221 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 644 520 554 609 508 513 533 2.5 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1
South.................................. 1,269 942 888 882 870 911 908 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
Midwest................................ 674 512 512 496 509 476 553 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8
West................................... 785 570 544 561 517 533 519 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,505 4,117 3,942 3,919 4,228 4,040 4,010 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,263 3,822 3,739 3,654 3,930 3,779 3,758 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5
Construction........................... 365 341 365 277 355 297 353 5.1 5.4 5.8 4.5 5.8 4.9 5.9
Manufacturing.......................... 305 236 206 225 272 243 262 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 959 888 842 744 819 818 832 3.7 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 649 655 575 519 547 557 525 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.6
Professional and business services..... 787 733 721 644 686 715 699 4.5 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.2
Education and health services.......... 506 475 473 530 522 538 524 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 814 691 695 695 716 695 653 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 117 86 83 107 138 107 104 6.0 4.5 4.4 5.7 7.3 5.7 5.4
Accommodation and food services....... 708 603 606 590 582 591 556 6.2 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9
Government(6)........................... 278 340 273 262 282 261 258 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 259 246 257 237 253 233 235 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 742 729 712 735 714 720 729 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0
South.................................. 1,643 1,619 1,423 1,428 1,544 1,493 1,468 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.1
Midwest................................ 1,038 901 867 839 885 947 879 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.9
West................................... 1,088 949 995 917 1,042 884 912 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 4,852 4,641 4,356 4,306 4,430 4,284 4,311 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,553 4,362 4,066 3,939 4,147 3,976 4,017 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7
Construction........................... 412 437 411 355 444 342 421 5.8 6.9 6.5 5.7 7.2 5.6 7.0
Manufacturing.......................... 371 390 367 352 329 313 316 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 1,046 982 951 816 874 850 864 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4
Retail trade.......................... 684 678 601 549 578 567 548 4.5 4.6 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.7
Professional and business services..... 809 839 771 698 738 728 701 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.2
Education and health services.......... 488 462 419 489 500 509 513 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 830 716 684 696 713 704 685 6.2 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 115 102 88 115 121 111 100 5.9 5.4 4.6 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.2
Accommodation and food services....... 714 612 596 594 594 593 583 6.2 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2
Government(6)........................... 294 255 288 340 298 293 283 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 280 243 250 272 274 271 263 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 734 700 774 799 716 759 762 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.1
South.................................. 1,767 1,682 1,565 1,535 1,602 1,490 1,518 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2
Midwest................................ 1,116 1,065 1,016 958 958 951 898 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0
West................................... 1,184 1,188 980 1,053 1,181 1,086 1,090 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009p
Total(4)................................. 2,454 1,777 1,788 1,787 1,778 1,779 1,805 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,319 1,678 1,682 1,680 1,673 1,680 1,709 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
Construction........................... 128 74 84 70 68 67 91 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5
Manufacturing.......................... 147 80 86 93 82 85 91 1.1 .7 .7 .8 .7 .7 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 580 385 398 391 415 407 435 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7
Retail trade.......................... 414 271 296 299 295 309 336 2.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.3
Professional and business services..... 368 272 281 257 265 269 271 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Education and health services.......... 290 228 249 264 235 249 268 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 514 430 396 429 411 413 363 3.8 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 52 41 45 46 38 38 16 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0 .8
Accommodation and food services....... 467 392 351 378 372 374 351 4.1 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1
Government(6)........................... 134 99 107 111 107 106 100 .6 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4
State and local government............. 133 96 97 99 101 97 96 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 338 263 303 279 234 270 300 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2
South.................................. 971 691 718 693 724 687 704 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Midwest................................ 577 410 397 403 435 374 403 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4
West................................... 560 453 398 434 404 460 421 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 3,369 2,542 2,555 2.4 1.9 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,946 2,218 2,303 2.5 2.0 2.1
Mining and Logging............................ 18 9 10 2.1 1.2 1.3
Construction.................................. 144 73 63 1.9 1.1 1.0
Manufacturing................................. 237 132 148 1.7 1.1 1.2
Durable goods................................ 140 58 75 1.6 .8 1.0
Nondurable goods............................. 97 74 72 1.9 1.6 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 563 486 439 2.1 1.9 1.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 95 97 70 1.6 1.7 1.2
Retail trade................................. 340 308 302 2.2 2.0 2.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 128 80 67 2.5 1.7 1.4
Information................................... 60 56 53 2.0 1.9 1.8
Financial activities.......................... 191 128 211 2.3 1.6 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 137 95 139 2.2 1.6 2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 55 32 71 2.5 1.6 3.5
Professional and business services............ 588 433 445 3.2 2.5 2.6
Education and health services................. 597 527 534 3.1 2.7 2.7
Educational services......................... 34 69 33 1.1 2.4 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 563 458 501 3.4 2.7 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 424 235 311 3.0 1.7 2.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39 23 23 1.9 1.1 1.1
Accommodation and food services............. 385 212 288 3.2 1.8 2.5
Other services................................ 124 140 90 2.2 2.5 1.6
Government..................................... 424 324 252 1.9 1.5 1.1
Federal....................................... 74 35 41 2.6 1.2 1.4
State and local............................... 349 289 211 1.8 1.5 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 653 548 543 2.5 2.2 2.2
South......................................... 1,245 943 923 2.5 2.0 1.9
Midwest....................................... 704 494 579 2.2 1.6 1.9
West.......................................... 768 557 510 2.4 1.9 1.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,717 4,442 4,169 3.4 3.4 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,315 4,011 3,809 3.8 3.7 3.5
Mining and Logging............................ 27 18 18 3.4 2.6 2.5
Construction.................................. 337 296 326 4.6 4.6 5.2
Manufacturing................................. 316 260 279 2.4 2.2 2.4
Durable goods................................ 172 129 130 2.0 1.8 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 144 131 149 2.9 2.8 3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,015 862 887 3.9 3.4 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 160 114 145 2.7 2.0 2.6
Retail trade................................. 687 604 549 4.5 4.1 3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 168 144 193 3.3 3.0 4.0
Information................................... 66 54 53 2.2 1.9 1.9
Financial activities.......................... 225 194 153 2.8 2.5 2.0
Finance and insurance........................ 142 97 83 2.4 1.7 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 83 97 70 3.9 4.8 3.5
Professional and business services............ 752 718 674 4.2 4.3 4.0
Education and health services................. 582 680 597 3.1 3.6 3.1
Educational services......................... 87 123 106 2.9 4.4 3.5
Health care and social assistance............ 495 556 491 3.1 3.4 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 797 748 621 5.9 5.4 4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 96 99 89 4.8 4.6 4.5
Accommodation and food services............. 701 649 532 6.1 5.6 4.7
Other services................................ 197 182 200 3.6 3.3 3.7
Government..................................... 402 431 359 1.8 2.0 1.6
Federal....................................... 28 33 24 1.0 1.2 .9
State and local............................... 374 398 335 1.9 2.2 1.7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 845 745 829 3.3 3.0 3.4
South......................................... 1,659 1,681 1,474 3.3 3.6 3.1
Midwest....................................... 1,078 1,021 916 3.5 3.4 3.1
West.......................................... 1,135 996 950 3.7 3.4 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 4,905 4,860 4,336 3.6 3.7 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,536 4,421 3,982 4.0 4.0 3.6
Mining and Logging............................ 23 24 20 2.9 3.4 2.7
Construction.................................. 400 373 414 5.4 5.8 6.6
Manufacturing................................. 355 315 289 2.6 2.7 2.4
Durable goods................................ 208 178 158 2.5 2.5 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 147 137 132 3.0 3.0 2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,020 893 841 3.9 3.6 3.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 170 133 138 2.8 2.3 2.4
Retail trade................................. 671 620 526 4.4 4.2 3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 179 140 177 3.5 3.0 3.7
Information................................... 63 63 49 2.1 2.2 1.7
Financial activities.......................... 225 224 144 2.8 2.9 1.9
Finance and insurance........................ 136 130 76 2.3 2.3 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 88 94 68 4.1 4.7 3.4
Professional and business services............ 780 752 660 4.4 4.5 3.9
Education and health services................. 475 620 510 2.5 3.3 2.7
Educational services......................... 77 116 68 2.5 4.2 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 399 504 442 2.5 3.1 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 997 881 816 7.3 6.4 6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 201 169 171 10.0 7.9 8.7
Accommodation and food services............. 797 712 645 6.9 6.1 5.7
Other services................................ 197 274 239 3.6 5.0 4.4
Government..................................... 369 438 354 1.7 2.1 1.6
Federal....................................... 23 37 34 .8 1.3 1.2
State and local............................... 346 401 320 1.8 2.2 1.7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 849 891 873 3.3 3.6 3.5
South......................................... 1,694 1,680 1,444 3.4 3.6 3.0
Midwest....................................... 1,153 1,089 906 3.7 3.7 3.0
West.......................................... 1,209 1,200 1,113 3.9 4.1 3.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,551 2,244 1,918 1.9 1.7 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,396 2,078 1,804 2.1 1.9 1.7
Mining and Logging............................ 15 12 5 1.9 1.6 .6
Construction.................................. 122 93 92 1.6 1.5 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 152 111 98 1.1 .9 .8
Durable goods................................ 79 59 44 .9 .8 .6
Nondurable goods............................. 72 52 54 1.4 1.1 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 593 495 460 2.3 2.0 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 85 49 51 1.4 .9 .9
Retail trade................................. 422 378 350 2.8 2.6 2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 85 68 59 1.7 1.4 1.2
Information................................... 29 34 31 1.0 1.2 1.1
Financial activities.......................... 126 96 65 1.5 1.2 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 71 67 35 1.2 1.2 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 55 29 30 2.6 1.4 1.5
Professional and business services............ 355 326 268 2.0 1.9 1.6
Education and health services................. 298 305 280 1.6 1.6 1.5
Educational services......................... 49 36 31 1.6 1.3 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 250 268 249 1.6 1.7 1.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 605 525 418 4.4 3.8 3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 74 64 24 3.7 3.0 1.2
Accommodation and food services............. 531 461 394 4.6 4.0 3.5
Other services................................ 102 82 87 1.9 1.5 1.6
Government..................................... 155 166 114 .7 .8 .5
Federal....................................... 9 19 8 .3 .7 .3
State and local............................... 146 148 106 .7 .8 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 379 341 340 1.5 1.4 1.4
South......................................... 950 849 694 1.9 1.8 1.5
Midwest....................................... 627 488 444 2.0 1.6 1.5
West.......................................... 594 567 440 1.9 1.9 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 2,015 2,277 2,095 1.5 1.7 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,861 2,063 1,912 1.6 1.9 1.8
Mining and Logging............................ 6 11 14 .7 1.5 1.9
Construction.................................. 268 274 314 3.6 4.3 5.0
Manufacturing................................. 176 181 171 1.3 1.5 1.4
Durable goods................................ 113 102 101 1.3 1.4 1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 63 79 70 1.3 1.7 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 349 322 303 1.3 1.3 1.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 71 79 65 1.2 1.4 1.2
Retail trade................................. 206 178 135 1.4 1.2 .9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 72 64 103 1.4 1.4 2.2
Information................................... 29 22 12 1.0 .8 .4
Financial activities.......................... 73 111 61 .9 1.4 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 40 50 26 .7 .9 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 33 61 36 1.5 3.0 1.8
Professional and business services............ 374 384 345 2.1 2.3 2.1
Education and health services................. 141 260 184 .7 1.4 1.0
Educational services......................... 23 75 30 .8 2.7 1.0
Health care and social assistance............ 119 185 155 .7 1.1 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 368 327 361 2.7 2.4 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 117 100 144 5.8 4.7 7.3
Accommodation and food services............. 252 226 217 2.2 1.9 1.9
Other services................................ 77 171 146 1.4 3.1 2.7
Government..................................... 154 214 183 .7 1.0 .8
Federal....................................... 7 10 11 .2 .4 .4
State and local............................... 147 204 172 .7 1.1 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 403 494 484 1.6 2.0 2.0
South......................................... 625 702 640 1.3 1.5 1.4
Midwest....................................... 455 515 400 1.5 1.7 1.3
West.......................................... 531 565 570 1.7 1.9 1.9
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept.
2008 2009 2009p 2008 2009 2009p
Total........................................... 340 338 323 0.2 0.3 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 279 280 266 .2 .3 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 2 2 1 .3 .2 .2
Construction.................................. 10 6 7 .1 .1 .1
Manufacturing................................. 27 23 20 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 16 17 12 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 12 6 8 .2 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 78 77 78 .3 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 6 23 .2 .1 .4
Retail trade................................. 43 64 41 .3 .4 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 23 7 15 .4 .2 .3
Information................................... 5 7 6 .2 .3 .2
Financial activities.......................... 27 17 18 .3 .2 .2
Finance and insurance........................ 26 13 16 .4 .2 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1 5 2 (4) .2 .1
Professional and business services............ 51 42 46 .3 .3 .3
Education and health services................. 36 55 45 .2 .3 .2
Educational services......................... 5 4 7 .2 .2 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 30 51 38 .2 .3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 25 30 38 .2 .2 .3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 10 5 3 .5 .2 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 14 25 34 .1 .2 .3
Other services................................ 18 21 6 .3 .4 .1
Government..................................... 61 58 57 .3 .3 .3
Federal....................................... 8 8 15 .3 .3 .5
State and local............................... 53 50 43 .3 .3 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 67 56 47 .3 .2 .2
South......................................... 119 129 110 .2 .3 .2
Midwest....................................... 71 86 62 .2 .3 .2
West.......................................... 83 68 103 .3 .2 .4
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
