Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 12, 2021	USDL-21-1975
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			      JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2021

The number of job openings was little changed at 10.4 million on the last business day of September, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and total separations were little changed at 6.5 
million and 6.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits level and rate increased to a series 
high of 4.4 million and 3.0 percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 
percent. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations 
for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 10.4 
million and 6.6 percent, respectively. Job openings increased in health care and social assistance 
(+141,000); state and local government, excluding education (+114,000); wholesale trade (+51,000); 
and information (+51,000). Job openings decreased in state and local government education (-114,000); 
other services (-104,000); real estate and rental and leasing (-65,000); and educational services                
(-45,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 6.5 million and 4.4 percent, 
respectively. Hires increased in health care and social assistance (+109,000) and finance and insurance 
(+60,000). Hires decreased in state and local government education (-92,000) and educational services 
(-89,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In September, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.2 million and 4.2 
percent, respectively. Total separations decreased in retail trade (-100,000). The total separations level 
increased in several industries with the largest increases in other services (+87,000); health care and 
social assistance (+86,000); and finance and insurance (+61,000). Total separations were little changed 
in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in September to a series high of 4.4 million (+164,000). The quits rate 
also increased to a series high 3.0 percent. Quits increased in several industries with the largest increases 
in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+56,000); other services (+47,000); and state and local 
government education (+30,000). Quits decreased in wholesale trade (-30,000). The number of quits 
increased in the West region. (See table 4.)

In September, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all 
industries and in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in September at 410,000. Other separations 
increased in finance and insurance (+41,000); state and local government education (+13,000); and other 
services (+12,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in September 2021, hires totaled 73.3 million and separations totaled 67.7 
million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.6 million. These totals include workers who may have been 
hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In September, the job openings rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees. The 
total separations rate increased in large establishments with 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth 
description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 
www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, December 8, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact					|
|			       Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|													|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 		|
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-	|
|covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm						|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|   

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,611	10,629	10,438	5,932	6,497	6,459	5,235	6,032	6,218
Total private	5,903	9,775	9,581	5,607	6,140	6,190	4,804	5,735	5,888
Mining and logging	17	38	36	23	24	20	21	19	17
Construction	232	358	333	385	391	350	306	384	322
Manufacturing	500	869	897	384	476	485	380	444	461
Durable goods	270	488	523	220	260	263	210	248	243
Nondurable goods	230	381	374	164	216	222	170	196	218
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,132	2,035	2,031	1,255	1,411	1,384	1,071	1,381	1,293
Wholesale trade	169	269	320	193	194	190	121	200	169
Retail trade	674	1,196	1,121	729	932	893	692	959	859
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	289	570	589	333	284	301	257	223	265
Information	112	179	230	102	105	110	62	80	76
Financial activities	314	474	421	251	201	255	207	196	246
Finance and insurance	239	288	301	160	126	186	128	128	189
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	186	121	91	75	69	79	67	58
Professional and business services	1,235	1,869	1,786	1,116	1,200	1,220	1,062	1,126	1,149
Education and health services	1,247	1,782	1,878	703	815	834	662	742	843
Educational services	108	182	137	61	139	50	63	71	85
Health care and social assistance	1,139	1,600	1,741	642	676	785	599	672	758
Leisure and hospitality	837	1,683	1,586	1,102	1,274	1,265	846	1,180	1,212
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	224	209	121	194	203	105	120	179
Accommodation and food services	751	1,459	1,378	980	1,080	1,062	741	1,060	1,033
Other services	277	487	383	286	245	268	187	181	268
Government	708	853	856	325	357	269	430	297	330
Federal	101	135	139	59	47	42	92	43	43
State and local	608	718	718	266	310	227	338	255	287
State and local education	210	297	183	119	161	69	196	125	168
State and local, excluding education	398	421	535	147	149	158	142	130	119
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.5	6.7	6.6	4.2	4.4	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.2
Total private	4.7	7.2	7.1	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.0	4.6	4.7
Mining and logging	2.9	5.6	5.2	3.9	3.7	3.1	3.6	2.9	2.6
Construction	3.1	4.6	4.3	5.3	5.3	4.7	4.2	5.2	4.3
Manufacturing	4.0	6.5	6.7	3.2	3.8	3.9	3.1	3.6	3.7
Durable goods	3.5	5.9	6.3	2.9	3.4	3.4	2.8	3.2	3.1
Nondurable goods	4.8	7.5	7.4	3.6	4.6	4.7	3.7	4.2	4.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.1	6.9	6.9	4.7	5.1	5.0	4.0	5.0	4.7
Wholesale trade	2.9	4.5	5.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	2.2	3.5	2.9
Retail trade	4.3	7.2	6.8	4.9	6.1	5.8	4.6	6.2	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.6	8.2	8.4	5.5	4.4	4.7	4.2	3.5	4.1
Information	4.0	6.1	7.6	3.8	3.8	3.9	2.3	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	3.5	5.1	4.5	2.9	2.3	2.9	2.4	2.2	2.8
Finance and insurance	3.5	4.2	4.4	2.5	1.9	2.8	2.0	2.0	2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.3	7.5	5.0	4.1	3.3	3.0	3.6	2.9	2.5
Professional and business services	5.8	8.2	7.8	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.3	5.4	5.5
Education and health services	5.1	7.0	7.4	3.0	3.4	3.5	2.9	3.1	3.6
Educational services	3.1	4.8	3.7	1.8	3.8	1.4	1.9	1.9	2.4
Health care and social assistance	5.5	7.4	8.0	3.2	3.4	3.9	3.0	3.4	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	5.9	9.9	9.4	8.2	8.4	8.3	6.3	7.7	7.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.7	9.5	8.7	7.0	9.0	9.3	6.0	5.6	8.2
Accommodation and food services	6.1	10.0	9.5	8.4	8.2	8.1	6.4	8.1	7.9
Other services	4.8	7.8	6.3	5.3	4.3	4.7	3.4	3.2	4.7
Government	3.1	3.7	3.7	1.5	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.3	1.5
Federal	3.1	4.5	4.6	1.9	1.6	1.4	3.0	1.5	1.5
State and local	3.1	3.6	3.6	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.8	1.3	1.5
State and local education	2.1	2.8	1.8	1.2	1.6	0.7	2.0	1.2	1.7
State and local, excluding education	4.2	4.5	5.6	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	6,611	9,483	10,185	11,098	10,629	10,438	4.5	6.1	6.5	7.0	6.7	6.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,903	8,601	9,226	10,044	9,775	9,581	4.7	6.5	6.9	7.4	7.2	7.1
Mining and logging	17	26	28	40	38	36	2.9	4.0	4.3	6.0	5.6	5.2
Construction	232	317	338	347	358	333	3.1	4.1	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.3
Manufacturing	500	853	880	906	869	897	4.0	6.5	6.7	6.8	6.5	6.7
Durable goods	270	480	494	517	488	523	3.5	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.3
Nondurable goods	230	373	386	388	381	374	4.8	7.4	7.6	7.7	7.5	7.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,132	1,687	1,943	1,893	2,035	2,031	4.1	5.8	6.6	6.5	6.9	6.9
Wholesale trade	169	277	274	261	269	320	2.9	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.5	5.3
Retail trade	674	1,020	1,195	1,133	1,196	1,121	4.3	6.3	7.2	6.9	7.2	6.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	289	390	474	500	570	589	4.6	5.9	7.0	7.3	8.2	8.4
Information	112	140	161	160	179	230	4.0	4.9	5.6	5.5	6.1	7.6
Financial activities	314	392	346	529	474	421	3.5	4.3	3.8	5.7	5.1	4.5
Finance and insurance	239	289	246	344	288	301	3.5	4.2	3.6	5.0	4.2	4.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	103	100	185	186	121	3.3	4.3	4.2	7.5	7.5	5.0
Professional and business services	1,235	1,562	1,719	1,838	1,869	1,786	5.8	7.0	7.6	8.1	8.2	7.8
Education and health services	1,247	1,630	1,700	1,960	1,782	1,878	5.1	6.5	6.7	7.7	7.0	7.4
Educational services	108	169	201	198	182	137	3.1	4.6	5.4	5.2	4.8	3.7
Health care and social assistance	1,139	1,461	1,498	1,762	1,600	1,741	5.5	6.8	7.0	8.1	7.4	8.0
Leisure and hospitality	837	1,511	1,685	1,910	1,683	1,586	5.9	9.5	10.2	11.2	9.9	9.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	194	216	238	224	209	4.7	9.0	9.6	10.2	9.5	8.7
Accommodation and food services	751	1,317	1,469	1,672	1,459	1,378	6.1	9.6	10.3	11.3	10.0	9.5
Other services	277	483	425	459	487	383	4.8	8.0	7.0	7.4	7.8	6.3
Government	708	882	959	1,055	853	856	3.1	3.9	4.2	4.6	3.7	3.7
Federal	101	126	119	120	135	139	3.1	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.5	4.6
State and local	608	756	840	934	718	718	3.1	3.9	4.2	4.6	3.6	3.6
State and local education	210	322	446	412	297	183	2.1	3.2	4.3	3.9	2.8	1.8
State and local, excluding education	398	433	394	523	421	535	4.2	4.6	4.2	5.5	4.5	5.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,088	1,694	1,746	2,030	1,833	1,850	4.0	6.0	6.2	7.0	6.4	6.4
South	2,645	3,594	3,888	4,203	4,134	3,963	4.8	6.3	6.8	7.2	7.1	6.8
Midwest	1,408	2,064	2,227	2,394	2,239	2,266	4.4	6.2	6.6	7.0	6.6	6.6
West	1,470	2,131	2,323	2,472	2,422	2,358	4.2	5.9	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	5,932	6,022	6,827	6,761	6,497	6,459	4.2	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,607	5,703	6,398	6,268	6,140	6,190	4.7	4.6	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.9
Mining and logging	23	23	25	24	24	20	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.1
Construction	385	304	371	377	391	350	5.3	4.1	5.0	5.1	5.3	4.7
Manufacturing	384	427	483	477	476	485	3.2	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
Durable goods	220	235	280	261	260	263	2.9	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4
Nondurable goods	164	192	203	216	216	222	3.6	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,255	1,271	1,585	1,310	1,411	1,384	4.7	4.7	5.8	4.8	5.1	5.0
Wholesale trade	193	163	175	183	194	190	3.5	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.3
Retail trade	729	832	1,126	857	932	893	4.9	5.5	7.3	5.6	6.1	5.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	333	277	283	271	284	301	5.5	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.7
Information	102	99	91	98	105	110	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.9
Financial activities	251	201	209	224	201	255	2.9	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.9
Finance and insurance	160	130	139	143	126	186	2.5	2.0	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	70	70	80	75	69	4.1	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.3	3.0
Professional and business services	1,116	1,049	1,163	1,258	1,200	1,220	5.6	5.1	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.8
Education and health services	703	760	796	783	815	834	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.5
Educational services	61	102	128	112	139	50	1.8	2.9	3.6	3.1	3.8	1.4
Health care and social assistance	642	658	667	671	676	785	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,102	1,346	1,392	1,440	1,274	1,265	8.2	9.4	9.4	9.5	8.4	8.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	121	186	180	183	194	203	7.0	9.5	8.8	8.7	9.0	9.3
Accommodation and food services	980	1,160	1,212	1,258	1,080	1,062	8.4	9.3	9.5	9.6	8.2	8.1
Other services	286	222	284	277	245	268	5.3	4.0	5.0	4.8	4.3	4.7
Government	325	319	429	494	357	269	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.2	1.6	1.2
Federal	59	35	36	48	47	42	1.9	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.4
State and local	266	284	393	446	310	227	1.4	1.5	2.1	2.3	1.6	1.2
State and local education	119	180	267	290	161	69	1.2	1.8	2.7	2.8	1.6	0.7
State and local, excluding education	147	104	126	156	149	158	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	962	880	1,021	1,015	972	997	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7
South	2,324	2,442	2,647	2,635	2,659	2,635	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Midwest	1,207	1,278	1,641	1,581	1,349	1,363	3.9	4.1	5.2	5.0	4.2	4.3
West	1,438	1,421	1,519	1,530	1,518	1,465	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	5,235	5,330	5,612	5,792	6,032	6,218	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,804	5,047	5,350	5,535	5,735	5,888	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.6	4.7
Mining and logging	21	21	19	18	19	17	3.6	3.4	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.6
Construction	306	334	379	383	384	322	4.2	4.5	5.1	5.2	5.2	4.3
Manufacturing	380	380	427	436	444	461	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7
Durable goods	210	199	237	231	248	243	2.8	2.6	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1
Nondurable goods	170	181	191	204	196	218	3.7	3.9	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,071	1,174	1,267	1,275	1,381	1,293	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.7
Wholesale trade	121	142	142	162	200	169	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.8	3.5	2.9
Retail trade	692	768	861	888	959	859	4.6	5.0	5.6	5.8	6.2	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	257	264	265	226	223	265	4.2	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.5	4.1
Information	62	78	88	79	80	76	2.3	2.9	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	207	195	203	206	196	246	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.8
Finance and insurance	128	135	143	134	128	189	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	79	60	60	73	67	58	3.6	2.7	2.6	3.2	2.9	2.5
Professional and business services	1,062	969	1,100	1,193	1,126	1,149	5.3	4.7	5.3	5.7	5.4	5.5
Education and health services	662	691	719	696	742	843	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.6
Educational services	63	68	65	69	71	85	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.4
Health care and social assistance	599	624	654	627	672	758	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	846	987	955	1,009	1,180	1,212	6.3	6.9	6.5	6.6	7.7	7.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	105	122	120	124	120	179	6.0	6.2	5.9	6.0	5.6	8.2
Accommodation and food services	741	866	834	885	1,060	1,033	6.4	7.0	6.5	6.7	8.1	7.9
Other services	187	216	193	240	181	268	3.4	3.9	3.4	4.2	3.2	4.7
Government	430	284	262	258	297	330	2.0	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5
Federal	92	44	50	40	43	43	3.0	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local	338	240	212	217	255	287	1.8	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.5
State and local education	196	104	57	69	125	168	2.0	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.2	1.7
State and local, excluding education	142	136	155	149	130	119	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	753	784	815	918	888	883	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.3
South	2,090	2,119	2,219	2,269	2,370	2,521	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.7
Midwest	1,167	1,209	1,296	1,305	1,401	1,336	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.2
West	1,225	1,218	1,281	1,300	1,374	1,478	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.3
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	3,307	3,630	3,870	4,028	4,270	4,434	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.9	3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,101	3,470	3,713	3,872	4,087	4,217	2.6	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.4
Mining and logging	8	10	12	9	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.5
Construction	148	156	185	198	192	183	2.0	2.1	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5
Manufacturing	254	245	304	300	312	337	2.1	2.0	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.7
Durable goods	134	120	163	154	170	171	1.8	1.6	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.2
Nondurable goods	120	126	141	146	141	166	2.6	2.7	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	707	851	905	954	1,041	984	2.7	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.6
Wholesale trade	92	90	105	129	158	128	1.6	1.6	1.8	2.3	2.8	2.2
Retail trade	468	596	637	682	730	685	3.1	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.8	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	147	166	164	143	153	171	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.7
Information	35	45	48	50	43	43	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.5
Financial activities	114	121	127	133	126	136	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	72	86	78	79	85	100	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	42	35	49	54	41	36	1.9	1.6	2.2	2.4	1.8	1.6
Professional and business services	669	614	684	697	701	706	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
Education and health services	455	523	548	582	597	651	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.8
Educational services	29	51	46	50	44	61	0.8	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.7
Health care and social assistance	426	472	502	532	552	589	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	597	762	772	807	934	987	4.5	5.3	5.2	5.3	6.1	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	47	59	66	72	68	124	2.7	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.2	5.7
Accommodation and food services	550	703	706	735	867	863	4.7	5.7	5.5	5.6	6.6	6.6
Other services	114	143	128	142	132	179	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.3	3.1
Government	205	160	156	157	183	217	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.0
Federal	20	22	25	19	20	22	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.8
State and local	186	138	131	137	163	195	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.0
State and local education	107	64	34	45	77	107	1.1	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.7	1.1
State and local, excluding education	78	74	97	92	86	88	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	441	458	531	589	619	603	1.7	1.7	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.2
South	1,426	1,487	1,561	1,596	1,706	1,793	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.3
Midwest	723	827	889	921	1,024	955	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.9	3.2	3.0
West	718	858	888	921	921	1,083	2.2	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	3.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	1,555	1,353	1,354	1,423	1,385	1,375	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,406	1,281	1,300	1,368	1,330	1,329	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mining and logging	10	8	6	7	8	5	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.8
Construction	145	160	183	167	168	123	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.3	1.6
Manufacturing	103	110	101	118	104	101	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	63	64	59	67	60	60	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	40	45	42	51	44	42	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	307	278	298	267	271	252	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9
Wholesale trade	20	45	26	27	31	31	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Retail trade	194	149	189	167	186	146	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	93	84	83	73	54	75	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.2
Information	21	27	30	26	25	21	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8
Financial activities	58	43	42	47	44	45	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finance and insurance	26	24	37	30	24	28	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	32	19	4	17	20	17	1.5	0.8	0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
Professional and business services	322	278	307	404	347	371	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.9	1.6	1.8
Education and health services	167	122	115	75	111	147	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.6
Educational services	30	14	15	16	21	19	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health care and social assistance	138	108	100	59	89	128	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	220	199	160	171	211	195	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	56	55	53	50	50	50	3.2	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.3
Accommodation and food services	164	144	106	121	161	144	1.4	1.2	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.1
Other services	52	57	59	88	42	69	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.5	0.7	1.2
Government	149	72	54	55	54	46	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	61	9	10	7	8	9	2.0	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	88	63	43	47	46	37	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	53	27	15	17	29	30	0.5	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	35	36	29	31	17	8	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	257	273	216	258	205	218	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.8
South	502	491	518	541	516	569	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Midwest	379	315	324	308	299	299	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9
West	418	274	295	316	365	289	1.3	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	373	347	389	341	378	410	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	297	295	337	295	317	343	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	3	3	1	1	1	2	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Construction	13	19	11	18	24	16	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	23	25	22	18	28	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	15	14	10	18	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	11	10	8	8	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	57	45	64	54	69	57	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	10	8	12	6	11	10	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	31	23	34	38	43	28	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	17	14	17	10	16	19	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Information	6	6	11	3	13	12	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.4
Financial activities	34	31	34	27	26	66	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.7
Finance and insurance	30	25	27	25	20	61	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	6	7	2	7	5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	71	76	109	92	79	73	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	39	47	55	38	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	4	3	4	3	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	35	44	52	36	30	41	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	29	26	24	32	34	30	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	7	1	3	2	4	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	27	19	23	29	32	26	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	21	16	7	11	8	20	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3
Government	76	52	52	46	60	67	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	13	14	14	15	13	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	64	39	38	33	46	54	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local education	36	13	8	7	18	31	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3
State and local, excluding education	28	27	30	26	28	24	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	55	53	68	70	64	63	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	162	140	140	132	149	159	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Midwest	66	67	83	75	77	83	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
West	89	87	98	63	88	106	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	6,649	10,913	10,507	4.5	6.9	6.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,950	10,052	9,701	4.7	7.4	7.2
Mining and logging	20	42	39	3.3	6.1	5.7
Construction	221	384	316	2.9	4.8	4.0
Manufacturing	494	889	899	3.9	6.6	6.7
Durable goods	271	499	533	3.5	6.1	6.5
Nondurable goods	223	390	365	4.6	7.6	7.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,255	2,181	2,166	4.5	7.4	7.3
Wholesale trade	166	261	320	2.9	4.4	5.3
Retail trade	791	1,346	1,231	5.0	8.1	7.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	297	574	614	4.7	8.4	8.7
Information	121	193	243	4.4	6.5	8.0
Financial activities	298	468	410	3.3	5.0	4.4
Finance and insurance	233	285	298	3.5	4.2	4.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	64	183	112	2.8	7.3	4.6
Professional and business services	1,272	1,906	1,837	5.9	8.3	8.0
Education and health services	1,161	1,753	1,832	4.8	7.0	7.2
Educational services	101	188	129	2.9	5.4	3.5
Health care and social assistance	1,060	1,565	1,702	5.1	7.2	7.8
Leisure and hospitality	830	1,736	1,578	5.8	9.9	9.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	67	218	184	3.7	8.4	7.7
Accommodation and food services	763	1,518	1,394	6.1	10.1	9.6
Other services	277	500	382	4.9	8.0	6.3
Government	699	861	806	3.1	3.9	3.5
Federal	95	139	134	2.9	4.6	4.4
State and local	604	723	672	3.1	3.8	3.4
State and local education	204	287	134	2.0	3.1	1.3
State and local, excluding education	400	436	538	4.3	4.6	5.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,111	1,905	1,855	4.1	6.7	6.5
South	2,669	4,244	4,020	4.9	7.3	6.9
Midwest	1,411	2,271	2,271	4.4	6.7	6.6
West	1,458	2,493	2,361	4.2	6.7	6.4
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	6,033	7,120	6,493	4.3	4.8	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,621	6,487	6,185	4.7	5.2	4.9
Mining and logging	24	27	20	4.0	4.1	3.1
Construction	380	395	341	5.1	5.2	4.5
Manufacturing	397	518	504	3.3	4.1	4.0
Durable goods	226	278	271	3.0	3.6	3.5
Nondurable goods	171	240	232	3.7	5.1	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,262	1,501	1,423	4.8	5.5	5.2
Wholesale trade	195	203	197	3.5	3.5	3.4
Retail trade	721	1,010	892	4.8	6.6	5.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	346	288	334	5.7	4.6	5.2
Information	98	112	113	3.7	4.0	4.0
Financial activities	246	213	261	2.8	2.4	3.0
Finance and insurance	156	134	193	2.4	2.0	3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	90	79	68	4.1	3.4	2.9
Professional and business services	1,087	1,215	1,214	5.4	5.7	5.7
Education and health services	774	978	910	3.4	4.2	3.9
Educational services	119	213	109	3.5	6.4	3.1
Health care and social assistance	655	764	800	3.3	3.8	4.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,091	1,287	1,160	8.1	8.1	7.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	92	151	159	5.2	6.4	7.1
Accommodation and food services	1,000	1,135	1,002	8.6	8.4	7.6
Other services	261	243	239	4.8	4.2	4.2
Government	412	633	308	1.9	3.0	1.4
Federal	62	52	47	2.0	1.8	1.6
State and local	350	581	261	1.9	3.2	1.4
State and local education	216	434	110	2.2	4.8	1.1
State and local, excluding education	135	146	151	1.5	1.6	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,020	973	1,028	3.9	3.6	3.8
South	2,285	2,977	2,611	4.4	5.5	4.8
Midwest	1,233	1,476	1,377	4.0	4.6	4.3
West	1,495	1,695	1,477	4.5	4.9	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	5,479	7,107	6,597	3.9	4.8	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,992	6,630	6,168	4.2	5.3	4.9
Mining and logging	20	21	15	3.3	3.3	2.3
Construction	327	439	336	4.4	5.7	4.4
Manufacturing	393	527	479	3.2	4.2	3.8
Durable goods	216	298	253	2.9	3.8	3.3
Nondurable goods	176	229	226	3.8	4.8	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,038	1,540	1,263	3.9	5.6	4.6
Wholesale trade	124	220	175	2.2	3.8	3.1
Retail trade	681	1,100	843	4.6	7.2	5.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	234	219	245	3.9	3.5	3.8
Information	62	91	72	2.3	3.3	2.6
Financial activities	208	254	248	2.4	2.9	2.8
Finance and insurance	129	173	191	2.0	2.6	2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	79	81	57	3.6	3.4	2.5
Professional and business services	1,072	1,192	1,175	5.3	5.6	5.5
Education and health services	641	838	857	2.8	3.6	3.6
Educational services	59	116	89	1.8	3.5	2.5
Health care and social assistance	581	722	768	2.9	3.6	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,020	1,490	1,419	7.6	9.4	9.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	176	212	249	10.0	8.9	11.2
Accommodation and food services	845	1,278	1,169	7.2	9.5	8.9
Other services	212	239	304	3.9	4.1	5.3
Government	487	476	430	2.2	2.3	2.0
Federal	93	49	43	3.0	1.7	1.5
State and local	394	427	386	2.1	2.3	2.0
State and local education	185	227	204	1.9	2.5	2.0
State and local, excluding education	209	200	183	2.3	2.2	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	879	1,097	1,021	3.4	4.1	3.8
South	2,122	2,747	2,630	4.1	5.1	4.8
Midwest	1,214	1,624	1,392	4.0	5.1	4.4
West	1,264	1,640	1,553	3.8	4.8	4.5
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	3,453	5,191	4,681	2.4	3.5	3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,232	4,904	4,417	2.7	3.9	3.5
Mining and logging	9	14	11	1.6	2.1	1.7
Construction	168	246	200	2.3	3.2	2.6
Manufacturing	263	382	356	2.2	3.1	2.9
Durable goods	140	211	182	1.9	2.7	2.4
Nondurable goods	123	172	174	2.7	3.6	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	713	1,209	1,000	2.7	4.4	3.6
Wholesale trade	95	180	137	1.7	3.1	2.4
Retail trade	477	863	693	3.2	5.6	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	141	166	171	2.3	2.6	2.7
Information	36	56	43	1.4	2.0	1.5
Financial activities	114	164	135	1.3	1.8	1.5
Finance and insurance	75	114	102	1.1	1.7	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	50	33	1.8	2.1	1.4
Professional and business services	686	796	730	3.4	3.8	3.4
Education and health services	458	680	671	2.0	2.9	2.8
Educational services	35	71	70	1.0	2.1	2.0
Health care and social assistance	423	608	601	2.1	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	654	1,192	1,074	4.9	7.5	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	128	140	3.6	5.4	6.3
Accommodation and food services	591	1,064	934	5.1	7.9	7.1
Other services	130	166	199	2.4	2.9	3.5
Government	222	288	264	1.0	1.4	1.2
Federal	21	24	23	0.7	0.8	0.8
State and local	201	264	240	1.1	1.5	1.3
State and local education	108	151	139	1.1	1.7	1.4
State and local, excluding education	92	113	101	1.0	1.2	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	501	783	674	1.9	2.9	2.5
South	1,417	2,012	1,829	2.7	3.7	3.4
Midwest	769	1,228	1,015	2.5	3.9	3.2
West	767	1,168	1,163	2.3	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	1,663	1,502	1,503	1.2	1.0	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,467	1,390	1,402	1.2	1.1	1.1
Mining and logging	8	7	2	1.3	1.0	0.3
Construction	146	167	120	2.0	2.2	1.6
Manufacturing	108	118	103	0.9	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	66	71	62	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	42	47	42	0.9	1.0	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	266	258	203	1.0	0.9	0.7
Wholesale trade	20	30	29	0.4	0.5	0.5
Retail trade	171	192	122	1.1	1.3	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	75	36	53	1.2	0.6	0.8
Information	21	22	17	0.8	0.8	0.6
Financial activities	58	56	45	0.7	0.6	0.5
Finance and insurance	24	33	26	0.4	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	34	23	19	1.5	1.0	0.8
Professional and business services	316	320	375	1.6	1.5	1.8
Education and health services	146	119	143	0.6	0.5	0.6
Educational services	20	38	15	0.6	1.1	0.4
Health care and social assistance	126	81	129	0.6	0.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	335	258	312	2.5	1.6	2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	110	79	104	6.3	3.3	4.7
Accommodation and food services	224	179	208	1.9	1.3	1.6
Other services	64	64	81	1.2	1.1	1.4
Government	196	112	101	0.9	0.5	0.5
Federal	61	8	8	1.9	0.3	0.3
State and local	136	104	93	0.7	0.6	0.5
State and local education	47	50	34	0.5	0.5	0.3
State and local, excluding education	89	55	59	1.0	0.6	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	316	243	278	1.2	0.9	1.0
South	547	568	635	1.0	1.1	1.2
Midwest	379	306	296	1.2	1.0	0.9
West	421	386	294	1.3	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
Total	363	413	413	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	293	337	349	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	3	1	2	0.5	0.2	0.3
Construction	13	27	16	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	22	27	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	11	16	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	11	11	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	59	72	59	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	9	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	32	45	28	0.2	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	17	21	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	5	12	12	0.2	0.4	0.4
Financial activities	35	34	68	0.4	0.4	0.8
Finance and insurance	30	27	62	0.5	0.4	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	7	5	0.2	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	70	76	71	0.4	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	37	40	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	7	4	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	33	33	39	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	40	33	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	4	5	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	29	36	27	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other services	18	8	25	0.3	0.1	0.4
Government	70	76	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Federal	11	17	12	0.4	0.6	0.4
State and local	58	59	53	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	30	26	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	28	33	23	0.3	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	62	70	69	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	159	167	166	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	66	90	82	0.2	0.3	0.3
West	76	86	96	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.