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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 8, 2015	USDL-15-2328

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2015

The number of job openings was little changed at 5.4 million on the last business day of October, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were little changed at 5.1 million 
and 4.9 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was 1.9 percent for the seventh 
consecutive month, and the layoffs and discharges rate was 1.2 percent. This release includes estimates 
of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by 
four geographic regions.

Job Openings

Job openings were little changed at 5.4 million in October. The job openings rate was 3.6 percent. The 
number of job openings was little changed in October for total private and government. Job openings 
decreased in professional and business services (-137,000) and in the West region (-132,000). (See table 
1.)

The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in October 
for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Job openings rose over the year in health care and 
social assistance (+225,000), retail trade (+141,000), state and local government (+51,000), and federal 
government (+15,000). Job openings decreased over the year in finance and insurance (-55,000) and 
mining and logging (-17,000). The number of job openings increased over the year in 3 out of the 4 
regions—Northeast, South, and Midwest—and was little changed in the West. (See table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires was 5.1 million in October, little changed from September. The hires rate was 3.6 
percent. The number of hires was little changed for total private and government in October. There was 
little change in the number of hires in all industries while hires increased in the West region over the 
month. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in October, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed 
for total nonfarm and total private, and increased for government. At the industry level, hires increased 
in state and local government (+33,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions over 
the year. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.9 million total separations in October, little changed from September. The total 
separations rate was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and 
rose for government. In October, total separations were little changed in all industries except state and 
local government where the number increased. The number of total separations was essentially 
unchanged in all four regions. (See table 3.)

There were 2.8 million quits in October, little changed from September. The number of quits has held 
between 2.7 million and 2.8 million for the past 14 months. The quits rate remained unchanged in 
October, measuring 1.9 percent for the seventh consecutive month. The number of quits was little 
changed for total private and rose for government over the month. Quits rose in state and local 
government (+19,000) and nondurable goods manufacturing (+17,000), but fell in durable goods 
manufacturing (-15,000). Quits were little changed in all four regions over the month. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months ending in October 
for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Quits increased over the year in accommodation and 
food services (+58,000) and nondurable goods manufacturing (+26,000). In the regions, quits rose in the 
Midwest. (See table 10.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in October, little changed from September. The layoffs 
and discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the 
month for total private and edged up for government. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all 
four regions. (See table 5.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available for 
individual industries.

The number of layoffs and discharges (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the 12 months 
ending in October for total nonfarm and total private, and rose for government. The number of layoffs 
and discharges rose over the year in state and local government (+30,000) and mining and logging 
(+6,000). The number of layoffs and discharges fell over the year in professional and business services 
(-88,000) and transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-28,000). Layoffs and discharges fell in the 
Midwest over the year. (See table 11.)

In October, there were 414,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from September. 
Over the month, the number of other separations was little changed for total private at 338,000 and for 
government at 76,000. (See table 6.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available 
for individual industries or regions.

Over the 12 months ending in October, the number of other separations (not seasonally adjusted) was 
little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. Other separations increased over the year 
in finance and insurance (+22,000), information (+7,000), and federal government (+6,000). The 
number of other separations decreased over the year in wholesale trade (-19,000). Other separations 
were little changed in all four regions over the year. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October 2015, hires totaled 61.0 
million and separations totaled 58.3 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These 
totals include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2015 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, January 12, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)

Total nonfarm

4,849 5,534 5,383 5,106 5,080 5,137 4,906 4,886 4,863

Total private(1)

4,440 5,041 4,887 4,802 4,750 4,790 4,586 4,569 4,506

Construction

139 119 126 322 317 322 303 311 289

Manufacturing

283 315 297 286 282 265 258 275 270

Durable goods

180 199 179 174 176 150 148 170 148

Nondurable goods

103 116 118 112 106 116 110 105 122

Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)

873 1,019 1,030 1,129 1,059 1,063 1,060 1,033 975

Retail trade

500 654 632 779 734 748 735 734 696

Professional and business services

964 1,204 1,067 1,085 1,036 1,039 1,064 971 971

Education and health services(3)

854 1,077 1,069 601 603 619 587 537 579

Health care and social assistance

769 988 977 518 525 543 502 463 491

Leisure and hospitality

698 696 709 903 951 970 841 937 926

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

54 53 48 149 131 155 133 132 153

Accommodation and food services

644 643 661 754 820 815 708 805 774

Government(4)

409 493 496 303 330 347 320 317 357

State and local

355 429 425 275 297 309 285 283 317

RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)

Total nonfarm

3.4 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4

Total private(1)

3.6 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7

Construction

2.2 1.8 1.9 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing

2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2

Durable goods

2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9

Nondurable goods

2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)

3.2 3.6 3.7 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

Retail trade

3.1 4.0 3.9 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.4

Professional and business services

4.8 5.7 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.5 4.9 4.9

Education and health services(3)

3.8 4.6 4.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance

4.1 5.0 4.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

4.5 4.4 4.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.7 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2.5 2.4 2.2 7.0 6.0 7.1 6.3 6.0 7.0

Accommodation and food services

4.8 4.7 4.8 5.9 6.3 6.2 5.6 6.2 5.9

Government(4)

1.8 2.2 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6

State and local

1.8 2.2 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(2) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(3) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(4) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

4,849 5,323 5,668 5,377 5,534 5,383 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

4,440 4,859 5,139 4,880 5,041 4,887 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9

Construction

139 137 140 136 119 126 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9

Manufacturing

283 310 339 333 315 297 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4

Durable goods

180 190 197 215 199 179 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.2

Nondurable goods

103 120 142 117 116 118 2.2 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

873 945 1,009 973 1,019 1,030 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7

Retail trade

500 543 632 607 654 632 3.1 3.3 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.9

Professional and business services

964 1,209 1,177 1,039 1,204 1,067 4.8 5.8 5.6 5.0 5.7 5.1

Education and health services(6)

854 1,002 1,050 996 1,077 1,069 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6

Health care and social assistance

769 910 946 905 988 977 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.9

Leisure and hospitality

698 701 776 735 696 709 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

54 77 59 46 53 48 2.5 3.5 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.2

Accommodation and food services

644 624 716 689 643 661 4.8 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.8

Government(7)

409 463 529 497 493 496 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2

State and local

355 395 455 425 429 425 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

REGION(8)

Northeast

757 788 919 837 890 891 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2

South

1,876 2,070 2,211 2,103 2,129 2,055 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8

Midwest

1,065 1,240 1,248 1,213 1,246 1,300 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9

West

1,150 1,224 1,289 1,223 1,269 1,137 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

5,106 5,182 5,065 5,081 5,080 5,137 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

4,802 4,854 4,709 4,737 4,750 4,790 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Construction

322 325 300 332 317 322 5.2 5.1 4.7 5.2 4.9 5.0

Manufacturing

286 271 265 267 282 265 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2

Durable goods

174 158 161 166 176 150 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.9

Nondurable goods

112 113 104 102 106 116 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

1,129 1,146 1,122 1,081 1,059 1,063 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9

Retail trade

779 786 778 759 734 748 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7

Professional and business services

1,085 1,054 1,003 986 1,036 1,039 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2

Education and health services(6)

601 585 589 589 603 619 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8

Health care and social assistance

518 499 507 511 525 543 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

903 923 927 998 951 970 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.6 6.2 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

149 136 120 138 131 155 7.0 6.3 5.6 6.4 6.0 7.1

Accommodation and food services

754 787 808 860 820 815 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.2

Government(7)

303 328 356 344 330 347 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local

275 292 312 308 297 309 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

REGION(8)

Northeast

765 766 791 847 807 842 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2

South

2,020 2,089 2,053 2,016 2,047 1,929 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7

Midwest

1,150 1,158 1,078 1,082 1,120 1,152 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6

West

1,170 1,168 1,142 1,137 1,107 1,214 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

4,906 4,906 4,796 4,886 4,886 4,863 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

4,586 4,596 4,454 4,566 4,569 4,506 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7

Construction

303 333 270 310 311 289 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.9 4.9 4.5

Manufacturing

258 266 254 276 275 270 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2

Durable goods

148 160 168 172 170 148 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9

Nondurable goods

110 105 85 104 105 122 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

1,060 1,077 1,050 1,054 1,033 975 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6

Retail trade

735 746 738 761 734 696 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.4

Professional and business services

1,064 991 962 928 971 971 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9

Education and health services(6)

587 533 542 540 537 579 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance

502 450 463 456 463 491 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

841 882 882 967 937 926 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.4 6.1 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

133 136 103 144 132 153 6.3 6.3 4.8 6.7 6.0 7.0

Accommodation and food services

708 746 779 823 805 774 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.2 5.9

Government(7)

320 310 343 319 317 357 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6

State and local

285 276 300 285 283 317 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6

REGION(8)

Northeast

786 727 693 814 792 761 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.9

South

1,957 1,877 1,928 1,918 1,938 1,915 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

Midwest

1,079 1,145 1,118 1,075 1,060 1,081 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4

West

1,083 1,157 1,058 1,078 1,095 1,106 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

2,746 2,738 2,737 2,771 2,727 2,779 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

2,591 2,576 2,578 2,618 2,582 2,616 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Construction

105 107 109 106 121 90 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.4

Manufacturing

126 138 129 143 148 149 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2

Durable goods

77 81 82 80 89 74 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0

Nondurable goods

49 57 47 63 58 75 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

615 618 604 609 620 612 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

Retail trade

449 462 427 450 450 445 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8

Professional and business services

537 510 493 516 487 508 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6

Education and health services(6)

360 347 363 363 343 370 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance

311 306 311 321 305 328 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

Leisure and hospitality

563 585 615 638 613 618 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

54 52 54 68 55 58 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.2 2.5 2.7

Accommodation and food services

510 533 561 569 557 560 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3

Government(7)

155 161 159 153 144 163 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

State and local

143 150 146 141 132 151 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8

REGION(8)

Northeast

374 370 397 397 392 377 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4

South

1,180 1,129 1,185 1,198 1,126 1,136 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Midwest

566 616 622 593 618 646 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0

West

627 622 534 584 590 620 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

1,745 1,779 1,646 1,725 1,786 1,670 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

1,656 1,686 1,535 1,616 1,686 1,552 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Construction

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Manufacturing

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Durable goods

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Nondurable goods

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Retail trade

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Professional and business services

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Education and health services(6)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Health care and social assistance

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Leisure and hospitality

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Accommodation and food services

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Government(7)

89 93 110 109 100 118 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local

- - - - - - - - - - - -

REGION(8)

Northeast

335 280 222 353 326 305 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1

South

605 599 583 569 660 615 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2

Midwest

438 456 402 404 380 355 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

West

367 445 439 399 421 396 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

- Data not available.


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands)(2) Rates(3)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

414 389 413 389 373 414 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private(4)

339 333 340 332 301 338 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Construction

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Manufacturing

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Durable goods

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Nondurable goods

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Retail trade

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Professional and business services

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Education and health services(6)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Health care and social assistance

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Leisure and hospitality

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Accommodation and food services

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Government(7)

75 56 73 57 73 76 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local

- - - - - - - - - - - -

REGION(8)

Northeast

- - - - - - - - - - - -

South

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Midwest

- - - - - - - - - - - -

West

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
(3) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
(5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
(6) Includes educational services, not shown separately.
(7) Includes federal government, not shown separately.
(8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

- Data not available.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

5,098 5,499 5,604 3.5 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,696 5,031 5,137 3.8 4.0 4.1

Mining and logging

35 16 18 3.7 2.0 2.1

Construction

147 108 128 2.2 1.6 1.9

Manufacturing

288 319 299 2.3 2.5 2.4

Durable goods

177 199 171 2.2 2.5 2.1

Nondurable goods

111 120 129 2.4 2.6 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

924 1,097 1,104 3.4 3.9 3.9

Wholesale trade

167 163 187 2.8 2.7 3.0

Retail trade

559 743 700 3.5 4.6 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

197 191 217 3.6 3.4 3.9

Information

91 114 111 3.2 3.9 3.8

Financial activities

361 299 303 4.3 3.5 3.6

Finance and insurance

290 261 235 4.6 4.1 3.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

71 38 69 3.3 1.8 3.2

Professional and business services

1,047 1,155 1,131 5.1 5.5 5.3

Education and health services

904 1,065 1,135 4.0 4.6 4.8

Educational services

90 85 96 2.5 2.4 2.6

Health care and social assistance

814 980 1,039 4.3 5.0 5.2

Leisure and hospitality

714 677 721 4.6 4.2 4.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

55 46 49 2.6 2.0 2.3

Accommodation and food services

658 631 672 4.9 4.6 4.9

Other services

185 181 186 3.2 3.1 3.2

Government

402 469 467 1.8 2.1 2.0

Federal

54 59 69 1.9 2.1 2.5

State and local

348 409 399 1.7 2.1 2.0

REGION(3)

Northeast

803 905 938 3.0 3.3 3.4

South

1,950 2,075 2,125 3.7 3.9 3.9

Midwest

1,090 1,251 1,323 3.3 3.8 3.9

West

1,255 1,268 1,218 3.8 3.8 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

5,413 5,232 5,438 3.8 3.7 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,133 4,839 5,117 4.3 4.0 4.2

Mining and logging

31 23 32 3.4 2.9 4.0

Construction

322 306 324 5.0 4.6 4.9

Manufacturing

290 290 272 2.4 2.3 2.2

Durable goods

171 176 147 2.2 2.3 1.9

Nondurable goods

119 114 125 2.6 2.5 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,368 1,053 1,277 5.1 3.9 4.7

Wholesale trade

165 141 135 2.8 2.4 2.3

Retail trade

979 718 938 6.3 4.6 5.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

224 193 204 4.2 3.6 3.8

Information

90 77 93 3.3 2.8 3.3

Financial activities

193 181 223 2.4 2.2 2.7

Finance and insurance

129 111 151 2.2 1.8 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

64 71 72 3.1 3.3 3.4

Professional and business services

1,157 1,010 1,116 5.9 5.1 5.6

Education and health services

641 692 667 2.9 3.1 3.0

Educational services

84 137 77 2.3 4.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance

557 554 590 3.1 3.0 3.1

Leisure and hospitality

860 982 926 5.8 6.4 6.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

115 124 123 5.5 5.5 5.7

Accommodation and food services

745 858 803 5.9 6.5 6.1

Other services

182 225 186 3.3 4.0 3.3

Government

280 393 321 1.3 1.8 1.4

Federal

28 31 36 1.0 1.1 1.3

State and local

252 362 285 1.3 1.9 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

792 915 865 3.0 3.4 3.2

South

2,154 2,015 2,033 4.2 3.9 3.9

Midwest

1,192 1,125 1,197 3.8 3.5 3.7

West

1,275 1,177 1,344 4.0 3.7 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

5,037 5,289 5,008 3.6 3.7 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private

4,780 4,928 4,707 4.0 4.1 3.9

Mining and logging

32 37 36 3.5 4.5 4.4

Construction

340 314 317 5.3 4.7 4.8

Manufacturing

276 301 291 2.2 2.4 2.4

Durable goods

154 181 154 2.0 2.3 2.0

Nondurable goods

122 120 137 2.7 2.6 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,073 1,025 967 4.0 3.8 3.6

Wholesale trade

178 133 135 3.0 2.2 2.3

Retail trade

711 724 664 4.6 4.6 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

184 168 168 3.5 3.1 3.1

Information

84 81 82 3.0 2.9 2.9

Financial activities

182 181 203 2.3 2.2 2.5

Finance and insurance

120 110 134 2.0 1.8 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

62 70 68 3.0 3.3 3.3

Professional and business services

1,090 986 1,002 5.6 4.9 5.0

Education and health services

540 568 542 2.5 2.6 2.4

Educational services

59 79 59 1.7 2.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance

481 489 482 2.6 2.6 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

978 1,193 1,076 6.6 7.7 7.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

172 246 203 8.2 11.0 9.5

Accommodation and food services

806 947 873 6.3 7.2 6.7

Other services

186 244 192 3.3 4.3 3.4

Government

258 361 301 1.2 1.6 1.3

Federal

36 37 44 1.3 1.4 1.6

State and local

221 324 257 1.1 1.7 1.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

822 977 797 3.1 3.7 3.0

South

1,977 1,981 1,954 3.9 3.8 3.7

Midwest

1,106 1,162 1,090 3.5 3.6 3.4

West

1,132 1,168 1,165 3.6 3.6 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. .
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

2,818 2,938 2,873 2.0 2.1 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

2,685 2,785 2,732 2.3 2.3 2.3

Mining and logging

18 18 16 1.9 2.2 2.0

Construction

120 135 96 1.9 2.0 1.4

Manufacturing

130 164 154 1.1 1.3 1.2

Durable goods

81 94 78 1.0 1.2 1.0

Nondurable goods

49 70 75 1.1 1.5 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

644 667 636 2.4 2.5 2.3

Wholesale trade

94 91 81 1.6 1.5 1.4

Retail trade

459 485 453 3.0 3.1 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

91 90 102 1.7 1.7 1.9

Information

52 44 47 1.9 1.6 1.7

Financial activities

113 99 119 1.4 1.2 1.5

Finance and insurance

74 63 74 1.2 1.0 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

39 36 45 1.9 1.7 2.1

Professional and business services

553 480 538 2.8 2.4 2.7

Education and health services

351 364 369 1.6 1.6 1.6

Educational services

41 47 35 1.1 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance

310 317 335 1.7 1.7 1.8

Leisure and hospitality

606 702 671 4.1 4.5 4.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

54 73 61 2.6 3.3 2.9

Accommodation and food services

552 628 610 4.3 4.8 4.6

Other services

98 113 86 1.8 2.0 1.5

Government

133 152 141 0.6 0.7 0.6

Federal

12 13 13 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local

121 139 128 0.6 0.7 0.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

387 477 388 1.5 1.8 1.4

South

1,181 1,156 1,151 2.3 2.2 2.2

Midwest

592 680 674 1.9 2.1 2.1

West

658 624 661 2.1 1.9 2.0

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

1,846 1,995 1,757 1.3 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,770 1,850 1,651 1.5 1.5 1.4

Mining and logging

12 16 18 1.3 1.9 2.2

Construction

197 170 209 3.1 2.6 3.1

Manufacturing

118 120 116 1.0 1.0 0.9

Durable goods

56 75 62 0.7 1.0 0.8

Nondurable goods

61 45 55 1.4 1.0 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

308 251 241 1.2 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade

55 25 43 0.9 0.4 0.7

Retail trade

176 165 149 1.1 1.1 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

76 60 48 1.4 1.1 0.9

Information

27 27 23 1.0 1.0 0.8

Financial activities

49 65 47 0.6 0.8 0.6

Finance and insurance

37 36 29 0.6 0.6 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

13 29 17 0.6 1.4 0.8

Professional and business services

489 454 401 2.5 2.3 2.0

Education and health services

156 157 127 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services

15 25 19 0.4 0.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance

141 132 107 0.8 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

340 465 377 2.3 3.0 2.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

115 169 137 5.5 7.6 6.4

Accommodation and food services

225 296 240 1.8 2.2 1.8

Other services

73 126 92 1.3 2.2 1.6

Government

76 145 107 0.3 0.7 0.5

Federal

14 9 15 0.5 0.3 0.5

State and local

62 136 92 0.3 0.7 0.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

362 421 336 1.4 1.6 1.3

South

639 683 648 1.2 1.3 1.2

Midwest

451 424 350 1.4 1.3 1.1

West

395 466 423 1.2 1.4 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

373 356 377 0.3 0.2 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

325 293 324 0.3 0.2 0.3

Mining and logging

2 3 2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Construction

23 9 12 0.4 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing

29 17 21 0.2 0.1 0.2

Durable goods

17 12 14 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods

12 6 7 0.3 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

121 107 90 0.5 0.4 0.3

Wholesale trade

29 16 10 0.5 0.3 0.2

Retail trade

75 73 61 0.5 0.5 0.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

17 17 18 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information

4 11 11 0.2 0.4 0.4

Financial activities

20 17 37 0.2 0.2 0.5

Finance and insurance

9 12 31 0.2 0.2 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

11 4 6 0.5 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services

48 52 63 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

34 47 46 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services

4 7 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Health care and social assistance

30 40 40 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

31 26 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 3 5 0.1 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services

29 23 23 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

14 5 15 0.3 0.1 0.3

Government

48 63 53 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal

10 15 16 0.4 0.5 0.6

State and local

38 48 37 0.2 0.3 0.2

REGION(3)

Northeast

72 78 74 0.3 0.3 0.3

South

158 142 156 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest

64 58 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

80 78 82 0.2 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: December 08, 2015