For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 13, 2011 USDL-11-1745
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – October 2011
There were 3.3 million job openings on the last business day of
October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires
rate (3.1 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent) were little
changed over the month. The job openings rate has trended upward since
the end of the recession in June 2009. (Recession dates are determined
by the National Bureau of Economic Research.) This release includes
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and
separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic
region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in October was 3.3 million, essentially
unchanged from 3.4 million in September. (See table 1.) Although the
number of job openings remained below the 4.4 million openings when
the recession began in December 2007, the level in October was 1.2
million higher than in July 2009 (the most recent trough for the
series). The number of job openings has increased 35 percent since the
end of the recession in June 2009.
The number of job openings in October (not seasonally adjusted)
increased over the year for total nonfarm and total private but was
little changed for government. A few industries and 3 out of 4 regions
experienced an increase over the year in the number of job openings.
(See table 5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,905 |3,377 |3,267 |3,865 |4,150 |4,040 |3,702 |4,052 |3,932
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,560 |3,003 |2,907 |3,580 |3,885 |3,782 |3,436 |3,763 |3,646
Construction.....| 69 | 70 | 93 | 331 | 367 | 320 | 323 | 338 | 309
Manufacturing....| 193 | 235 | 231 | 259 | 234 | 226 | 266 | 238 | 209
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 445 | 561 | 564 | 777 | 778 | 823 | 741 | 782 | 782
Retail trade....| 272 | 328 | 321 | 545 | 547 | 549 | 527 | 546 | 523
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 575 | 675 | 618 | 730 | 895 | 833 | 709 | 850 | 809
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 569 | 616 | 602 | 465 | 482 | 464 | 408 | 414 | 436
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 274 | 383 | 366 | 596 | 698 | 670 | 613 | 693 | 639
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 27 | 62 | 50 | 87 | 126 | 117 | 106 | 137 | 98
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 247 | 321 | 316 | 508 | 572 | 553 | 507 | 557 | 541
Government(3).....| 345 | 374 | 360 | 285 | 264 | 258 | 265 | 289 | 287
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 272 | 312 | 293 | 250 | 237 | 232 | 220 | 255 | 255
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.0
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3
Construction.....| 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.6
Manufacturing....| 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.8
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1
Retail trade....| 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.7
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 4.8
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.4 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 5.1
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.8
Government(3).....| 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = Preliminary
Hires
In October, the hires rate was little changed at 3.1 percent for total
nonfarm. The hires rate was essentially unchanged over the month in
all industries and regions. (See table 2.) The number of hires in
October was 4.0 million, up from 3.6 million in October 2009 (the most
recent trough) but below the 5.0 million hires recorded when the
recession began in December 2007. The number of hires has edged up by
12 percent since the end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the past 12 months, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was
little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The
hires rate was essentially unchanged over the year in every industry
except finance and insurance where the rate decreased, and real estate
and rental and leasing where the rate increased. The hires rate was
essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes voluntary quits, involuntary
layoffs and discharges, and other separations, including retirements.
Total separations is also referred to as turnover.
The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was little changed in
October for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table
3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. (See table 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In October, the quits rate was unchanged for
total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 4.) The
number of quits rose from 1.5 million in January 2010 (the most recent
trough) to 1.9 million in October, although it remained below the 2.8
million recorded when the recession began in December 2007.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in October 2011 was
little changed from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, total
private, and government. Two industries experienced an over-the-year
change—mining and logging, and wholesale trade—where the number of
quits increased from October 2010. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted only at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially
unchanged in October 2011 for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The number of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm was
1.6 million in October, down from a peak of 2.5 million in February
2009, and below the 1.8 million layoffs and discharges at the start of
the recession in December 2007. (See table B.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) for total
nonfarm, total private, and government was little changed over the 12
months ending in October 2011. Over the year, the number of layoffs
and discharges declined for durable goods manufacturing, nondurable
goods manufacturing, and finance and insurance. The number of layoffs
and discharges was little changed over the year in all four regions.
(See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,635 | 1,723 | 1,601 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2
Total private.....| 1,534 | 1,605 | 1,494 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4
Government........| 102 | 117 | 106 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In October
2011, there were 356,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 315,000
for total private, and 41,000 for government. Compared to October
2010, the number of other separations was up for total nonfarm and
total private, but the same for government. (See table 10.)
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Other separations is historically a very small portion of
total separations; it has rarely been above 10 percent of total
separations. The percentage of total separations attributable to the
individual components has varied over time at the total nonfarm level,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. For most of the months between November 2008 and
November 2010, however, the proportion of layoffs and discharges was
equal to or greater than the proportion of quits. Since November 2010,
the series have returned to their historical pattern. In October 2011,
the proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 49 percent, and the
proportion of layoffs and discharges was 41 percent. (See table C.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Oct. | Sept. | Oct. | Oct. | Sept. | Oct.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p | 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,755 | 47% | 2,000 | 49% | 1,934 | 49% | 1,635 | 44% | 1,723 | 43% | 1,601 | 41%
Total private.....| 1,654 | 48% | 1,884 | 50% | 1,817 | 50% | 1,534 | 45% | 1,605 | 43% | 1,494 | 41%
Government........| 101 | 38% | 116 | 40% | 117 | 41% | 102 | 38% | 117 | 40% | 106 | 37%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Over the 12 months ending in October 2011, hires
totaled 48.1 million and separations totaled 46.8 million, yielding a
net employment gain of 1.3 million. These figures include workers who
may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2011
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 at 10:00
a.m. (EST). Scheduled release dates for 2012 are as follows:
Dec. — Feb. 7 June — Aug. 7
Jan. — March 13 July — Sept. 11
Feb. — April 10 Aug. — Oct. 10
March — May 8 Sept. — Nov. 6
April — June 19 Oct. — Dec. 11
May — July 10
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data
to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 2,905 3,034 3,169 3,213 3,129 3,377 3,267 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,560 2,725 2,835 2,905 2,799 3,003 2,907 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6
Construction........................... 69 100 68 75 102 70 93 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.7
Manufacturing.......................... 193 211 217 252 232 235 231 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 445 484 515 540 490 561 564 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.2
Retail trade.......................... 272 276 332 312 324 328 321 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1
Professional and business services..... 575 615 616 640 621 675 618 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.4
Education and health services.......... 569 594 596 604 609 616 602 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9
Leisure and hospitality................ 274 298 360 338 351 383 366 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 27 34 55 62 44 62 50 1.4 1.8 2.8 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.6
Accommodation and food services....... 247 264 305 276 307 321 316 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7
Government(6)......................... 345 309 334 309 329 374 360 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6
State and local government............. 272 261 279 253 287 312 293 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 605 586 522 570 589 586 535 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1
South............................... 1,084 1,087 1,109 1,192 1,108 1,273 1,233 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5
Midwest............................. 584 730 686 714 732 704 694 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3
West................................ 740 719 753 753 775 818 827 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.8
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 3,865 4,129 4,058 3,976 4,060 4,150 4,040 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,580 3,870 3,797 3,733 3,785 3,885 3,782 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5
Construction........................... 331 371 360 334 309 367 320 6.0 6.7 6.5 6.0 5.6 6.6 5.8
Manufacturing.......................... 259 263 260 259 249 234 226 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 777 804 802 767 779 778 823 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 545 557 553 552 526 547 549 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8
Professional and business services..... 730 902 806 819 863 895 833 4.4 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.8
Education and health services.......... 465 480 485 472 481 482 464 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 596 629 689 682 679 698 670 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 87 111 104 96 110 126 117 4.6 5.9 5.5 5.1 5.8 6.6 6.2
Accommodation and food services....... 508 517 585 586 569 572 553 4.5 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.9
Government(6)......................... 285 259 261 243 275 264 258 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 250 232 238 219 247 237 232 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 690 675 681 675 604 662 663 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.6
South............................... 1,449 1,643 1,503 1,488 1,526 1,592 1,578 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3
Midwest............................. 880 890 908 910 919 987 915 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1
West................................ 839 826 910 893 868 969 901 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 3,702 4,145 3,993 3,962 3,960 4,052 3,932 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,436 3,844 3,687 3,659 3,688 3,763 3,646 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3
Construction........................... 323 376 371 327 320 338 309 5.9 6.8 6.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.6
Manufacturing.......................... 266 272 252 239 250 238 209 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 741 799 785 770 762 782 782 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Retail trade.......................... 527 562 538 547 521 546 523 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6
Professional and business services..... 709 892 766 806 824 850 809 4.2 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7
Education and health services.......... 408 450 459 431 444 414 436 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 613 652 653 670 689 693 639 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 106 123 101 97 113 137 98 5.6 6.6 5.3 5.1 6.0 7.2 5.1
Accommodation and food services....... 507 528 552 573 576 557 541 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.8
Government(6)......................... 265 301 306 302 272 289 287 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3
State and local government............. 220 271 273 271 240 255 255 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 678 757 634 665 627 687 664 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6
South............................... 1,290 1,528 1,421 1,482 1,463 1,519 1,482 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1
Midwest............................. 822 942 934 905 903 877 879 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9
West................................ 782 974 863 853 812 901 840 2.7 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.9
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 1,755 2,000 1,904 1,969 2,006 2,000 1,934 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,654 1,877 1,786 1,839 1,889 1,884 1,817 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 77 92 75 71 66 84 78 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 95 109 109 101 98 97 100 .8 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 376 463 432 412 422 437 440 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 291 351 333 316 319 327 309 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1
Professional and business services..... 342 372 330 391 383 391 343 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0
Education and health services.......... 228 253 264 238 268 246 236 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 357 388 395 401 432 406 390 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 43 45 42 44 48 45 43 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3
Accommodation and food services....... 314 343 353 357 384 361 347 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.0
Government(6)......................... 101 123 117 130 117 116 117 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5
State and local government............. 89 114 108 121 108 105 105 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 266 330 264 264 285 275 266 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
South............................... 679 816 744 782 821 836 766 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6
Midwest............................. 415 484 465 476 495 440 429 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4
West................................ 377 460 406 460 447 433 437 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 2,979 3,454 3,370 2.2 2.6 2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,636 3,083 3,004 2.4 2.7 2.7
Mining and Logging............................ 18 32 15 2.3 3.8 1.8
Construction.................................. 61 74 87 1.1 1.3 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 191 246 229 1.6 2.0 1.9
Durable goods................................ 134 170 154 1.8 2.3 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 57 76 75 1.3 1.7 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 479 625 614 1.9 2.4 2.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 77 126 131 1.4 2.2 2.3
Retail trade................................. 315 373 379 2.1 2.5 2.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 87 125 105 1.8 2.5 2.1
Information................................... 68 114 103 2.4 4.1 3.7
Financial activities.......................... 234 180 207 3.0 2.3 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 199 144 154 3.4 2.5 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 35 37 54 1.8 1.8 2.7
Professional and business services............ 614 678 654 3.5 3.8 3.6
Education and health services................. 581 604 615 2.8 2.9 2.9
Educational services......................... 60 62 62 1.8 1.9 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 521 542 552 3.1 3.1 3.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 273 405 364 2.1 2.9 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 30 60 55 1.6 3.0 2.8
Accommodation and food services............. 243 344 309 2.1 2.9 2.6
Other services................................ 118 125 116 2.1 2.2 2.1
Government..................................... 343 371 366 1.5 1.7 1.6
Federal....................................... 71 54 72 2.4 1.9 2.5
State and local............................... 272 318 294 1.4 1.6 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 623 603 562 2.4 2.3 2.2
South......................................... 1,085 1,323 1,290 2.2 2.7 2.6
Midwest....................................... 555 738 673 1.8 2.4 2.2
West.......................................... 716 790 845 2.4 2.7 2.8
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 3,984 4,396 4,091 3.0 3.3 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,705 4,027 3,847 3.4 3.7 3.5
Mining and Logging............................ 24 27 29 3.2 3.3 3.5
Construction.................................. 322 339 301 5.6 5.9 5.2
Manufacturing................................. 266 244 224 2.3 2.1 1.9
Durable goods................................ 143 131 123 2.0 1.8 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 123 112 100 2.7 2.5 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 865 838 918 3.5 3.4 3.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 101 123 132 1.8 2.2 2.4
Retail trade................................. 634 587 635 4.4 4.1 4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 130 129 151 2.7 2.7 3.1
Information................................... 55 58 56 2.0 2.2 2.1
Financial activities.......................... 167 136 156 2.2 1.8 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 124 86 85 2.2 1.5 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 43 51 71 2.2 2.6 3.6
Professional and business services............ 762 852 849 4.5 4.9 4.9
Education and health services................. 490 595 479 2.5 3.0 2.4
Educational services......................... 85 161 72 2.6 5.1 2.1
Health care and social assistance............ 405 434 407 2.4 2.6 2.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 559 717 601 4.3 5.3 4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 67 125 90 3.6 6.3 4.8
Accommodation and food services............. 492 592 511 4.4 5.2 4.5
Other services................................ 196 221 233 3.6 4.1 4.3
Government..................................... 279 369 244 1.2 1.7 1.1
Federal....................................... 35 28 26 1.2 1.0 .9
State and local............................... 243 342 218 1.2 1.8 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 701 723 659 2.8 2.9 2.6
South......................................... 1,502 1,614 1,611 3.2 3.4 3.4
Midwest....................................... 932 1,024 934 3.1 3.4 3.1
West.......................................... 850 1,036 888 2.9 3.6 3.0
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 3,832 4,327 4,005 2.9 3.3 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,609 3,971 3,771 3.3 3.6 3.4
Mining and Logging............................ 16 25 26 2.1 3.1 3.1
Construction.................................. 348 337 325 6.1 5.8 5.6
Manufacturing................................. 304 237 230 2.6 2.0 1.9
Durable goods................................ 158 131 122 2.2 1.8 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 146 106 108 3.3 2.4 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 735 803 777 3.0 3.2 3.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 91 123 129 1.7 2.2 2.3
Retail trade................................. 520 558 508 3.6 3.9 3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 124 122 140 2.6 2.5 2.9
Information................................... 56 61 57 2.1 2.3 2.2
Financial activities.......................... 158 138 164 2.1 1.8 2.2
Finance and insurance........................ 109 83 80 1.9 1.5 1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 48 55 84 2.5 2.8 4.3
Professional and business services............ 723 820 812 4.3 4.7 4.6
Education and health services................. 366 427 400 1.8 2.1 2.0
Educational services......................... 40 70 40 1.2 2.2 1.2
Health care and social assistance............ 326 357 360 2.0 2.1 2.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 736 901 742 5.6 6.7 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 151 253 132 8.1 12.8 7.1
Accommodation and food services............. 585 648 610 5.2 5.6 5.4
Other services................................ 166 223 238 3.1 4.1 4.4
Government..................................... 223 356 234 1.0 1.6 1.0
Federal....................................... 47 41 35 1.6 1.5 1.2
State and local............................... 177 315 199 .9 1.7 1.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 710 785 681 2.8 3.1 2.7
South......................................... 1,351 1,552 1,508 2.8 3.3 3.1
Midwest....................................... 887 974 911 3.0 3.3 3.0
West.......................................... 885 1,016 905 3.1 3.5 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 1,821 2,185 1,964 1.4 1.7 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,738 2,056 1,868 1.6 1.9 1.7
Mining and Logging............................ 8 17 16 1.1 2.0 2.0
Construction.................................. 86 96 86 1.5 1.7 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 107 104 110 .9 .9 .9
Durable goods................................ 46 51 54 .6 .7 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 61 53 56 1.4 1.2 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 384 479 440 1.6 1.9 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 35 64 74 .6 1.2 1.3
Retail trade................................. 299 357 307 2.1 2.5 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 51 58 59 1.1 1.2 1.2
Information................................... 33 38 32 1.2 1.4 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 62 72 84 .8 1.0 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 44 47 53 .8 .8 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 17 25 31 .9 1.3 1.6
Professional and business services............ 374 391 363 2.2 2.3 2.1
Education and health services................. 229 273 231 1.2 1.4 1.1
Educational services......................... 24 38 22 .7 1.2 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 205 235 209 1.2 1.4 1.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 380 489 407 2.9 3.6 3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 45 70 45 2.4 3.5 2.4
Accommodation and food services............. 335 419 362 3.0 3.6 3.2
Other services................................ 75 97 100 1.4 1.8 1.8
Government..................................... 83 129 95 .4 .6 .4
Federal....................................... 8 11 10 .3 .4 .4
State and local............................... 75 118 85 .4 .6 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 276 332 279 1.1 1.3 1.1
South......................................... 705 898 768 1.5 1.9 1.6
Midwest....................................... 453 476 464 1.5 1.6 1.5
West.......................................... 387 479 452 1.3 1.7 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 1,762 1,837 1,686 1.3 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,663 1,663 1,588 1.5 1.5 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 6 7 6 .8 .9 .7
Construction.................................. 256 224 213 4.4 3.9 3.7
Manufacturing................................. 174 113 91 1.5 1.0 .8
Durable goods................................ 95 65 54 1.3 .9 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 79 48 36 1.8 1.1 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 298 257 248 1.2 1.0 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 48 50 40 .9 .9 .7
Retail trade................................. 186 164 146 1.3 1.1 1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 63 44 62 1.3 .9 1.3
Information................................... 19 19 22 .7 .7 .8
Financial activities.......................... 84 45 57 1.1 .6 .7
Finance and insurance........................ 54 25 17 1.0 .4 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 30 20 40 1.5 1.0 2.0
Professional and business services............ 312 371 383 1.8 2.1 2.2
Education and health services................. 108 127 130 .5 .6 .6
Educational services......................... 13 28 15 .4 .9 .4
Health care and social assistance............ 95 99 115 .6 .6 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 326 384 315 2.5 2.9 2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 103 180 86 5.5 9.1 4.6
Accommodation and food services............. 223 204 228 2.0 1.8 2.0
Other services................................ 80 115 124 1.5 2.1 2.3
Government..................................... 99 173 98 .4 .8 .4
Federal....................................... 31 21 16 1.1 .7 .6
State and local............................... 68 152 82 .3 .8 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 395 397 309 1.6 1.6 1.2
South......................................... 545 563 627 1.1 1.2 1.3
Midwest....................................... 370 414 369 1.2 1.4 1.2
West.......................................... 451 463 382 1.6 1.6 1.3
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 249 305 356 0.2 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 208 251 315 .2 .2 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 2 1 3 .2 .2 .4
Construction.................................. 7 17 25 .1 .3 .4
Manufacturing................................. 24 20 30 .2 .2 .3
Durable goods................................ 17 15 14 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 7 5 16 .1 .1 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 54 66 90 .2 .3 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 8 9 15 .1 .2 .3
Retail trade................................. 36 37 55 .2 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 10 20 19 .2 .4 .4
Information................................... 4 4 3 .1 .1 .1
Financial activities.......................... 12 21 24 .2 .3 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 11 11 11 .2 .2 .2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2 9 13 .1 .5 .7
Professional and business services............ 37 58 66 .2 .3 .4
Education and health services................. 29 27 40 .1 .1 .2
Educational services......................... 3 4 3 .1 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 26 23 37 .2 .1 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 29 28 21 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 3 2 2 .2 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services............. 27 25 19 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 11 10 13 .2 .2 .2
Government..................................... 41 54 41 .2 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 8 9 9 .3 .3 .3
State and local............................... 33 45 32 .2 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 39 56 93 .2 .2 .4
South......................................... 100 92 113 .2 .2 .2
Midwest....................................... 63 84 78 .2 .3 .3
West.......................................... 48 73 71 .2 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
United States Department of Labor
