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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 17, 2019	USDL-19-2193

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2019

The number of job openings edged up to 7.3 million (+235,000) on the last business day of October, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 
changed at 5.8 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.3 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, the job openings level edged up to 7.3 million (+235,000). The job 
openings rate edged up to 4.6 percent. The largest increases in job openings levels were in retail trade 
(+125,000), finance and insurance (+56,000), and durable goods manufacturing (+50,000). The largest 
decreases in job openings were in nondurable goods manufacturing (-36,000), information (-33,000), 
and arts, entertainment, and recreation (-26,000). The number of job openings was little changed in all 
four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

Both the number of hires, at 5.8 million, and the hires rate, at 3.8 percent, changed little in October. The 
number of hires edged down for total private (-194,000) and was little changed for government. The 
hires level decreased in retail trade (-97,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In October, the number and rate of total separations was little changed at 5.6 million and 3.7 percent, 
respectively. The number of total separations edged down for total private (-186,000), led by a decrease 
in retail trade (-109,000) and wholesale trade (-33,000). In government, the number of total separations 
edged up (+24,000), primarily due to the increase in federal government (+13,000). The total separations 
level decreased in the South region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in October at 3.5 million and the rate was unchanged at 2.3 
percent. Quits increased in other services (+66,000) and educational services (+12,000). Quits decreased 
in retail trade (-63,000) and in durable goods manufacturing (-21,000). The number of quits was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in October to 1.8 million (-202,000). The layoffs and 
discharges rate was little changed at 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 
accommodation and food services (-98,000) and other services (-44,000). The number of layoffs and 
discharges increased in federal government (+16,000), mainly due to layoffs of temporary Census 2020 
workers. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in the South region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in October. The other separations level was also 
little changed for total private and for government. Other separations decreased in nondurable goods 
manufacturing (-5,000) and in federal government (-3,000). The number of other separations was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October, hires totaled 69.8 million and 
separations totaled 67.4 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.4 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Friday, January 17, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).


Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Category Job openings Hires Total separations
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)


Total

7,593 7,032 7,267 5,877 5,951 5,764 5,642 5,798 5,636

Total private

6,956 6,314 6,523 5,515 5,596 5,402 5,279 5,454 5,268

Mining and logging(1)

36 34 21 37 25 26 31 24 28

Construction(1)

278 327 311 363 451 485 344 428 460

Manufacturing

500 462 477 382 338 319 352 349 313

Durable goods(1)

311 292 342 228 194 182 208 203 181

Nondurable goods(1)

189 170 134 155 144 137 144 145 132

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,558 1,285 1,464 1,225 1,197 1,095 1,195 1,204 1,063

Wholesale trade

219 202 250 163 165 146 154 167 134

Retail trade

1,080 741 866 785 788 691 801 801 692

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

259 343 348 277 244 258 240 236 237

Information(1)

149 162 129 85 88 101 68 84 95

Financial activities

435 360 421 170 230 208 166 215 197

Finance and insurance

303 267 323 102 145 127 104 132 120

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

132 92 98 68 85 81 63 83 77

Professional and business services

1,363 1,241 1,183 1,200 1,209 1,152 1,161 1,168 1,129

Education and health services

1,285 1,205 1,284 715 719 719 663 655 665

Educational services(1)

92 125 139 97 96 111 99 87 96

Health care and social assistance

1,192 1,080 1,145 618 623 608 564 568 570

Leisure and hospitality

1,039 992 967 1,114 1,150 1,094 1,079 1,125 1,096

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

94 154 128 191 167 161 176 154 175

Accommodation and food services

944 838 839 923 984 932 904 972 922

Other services

314 245 266 224 188 202 219 201 221

Government

637 719 744 362 355 362 363 344 368

Federal(1)

101 110 99 37 41 40 32 41 54

State and local

536 608 645 325 314 321 332 304 314

State and local education

231 222 232 170 154 164 185 153 159

State and local, excluding education(1)

304 387 412 155 160 157 147 151 156





RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)


Total

4.8 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

Total private

5.2 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging(1)

4.6 4.4 2.7 4.9 3.4 3.5 4.2 3.2 3.8

Construction(1)

3.6 4.2 4.0 4.9 6.0 6.4 4.7 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing

3.8 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.4

Durable goods(1)

3.7 3.5 4.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.2

Nondurable goods(1)

3.8 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

5.3 4.4 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.3 3.8

Wholesale trade

3.6 3.3 4.0 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.2

Retail trade

6.4 4.5 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.4 5.1 5.1 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)

4.1 5.3 5.4 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9

Information(1)

5.0 5.4 4.4 3.0 3.1 3.6 2.4 3.0 3.4

Financial activities

4.8 4.0 4.6 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance

4.6 4.0 4.8 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing(1)

5.5 3.8 4.0 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services

6.0 5.4 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.2

Education and health services

5.1 4.7 5.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7

Educational services(1)

2.4 3.2 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

5.6 5.0 5.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

5.9 5.6 5.4 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

3.7 5.9 4.9 7.9 6.7 6.5 7.2 6.2 7.0

Accommodation and food services

6.3 5.5 5.5 6.6 6.9 6.5 6.4 6.8 6.4

Other services

5.1 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.7

Government

2.8 3.1 3.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Federal(1)

3.5 3.7 3.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.9

State and local

2.6 3.0 3.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

State and local education

2.2 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education(1)

3.2 4.0 4.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Footnotes
(1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical.
(p) Preliminary


Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

7,593 7,248 7,174 7,301 7,032 7,267 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private

6,956 6,560 6,462 6,562 6,314 6,523 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8

Mining and logging(3)

36 29 41 33 34 21 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.3 4.4 2.7

Construction(3)

278 331 360 384 327 311 3.6 4.2 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.0

Manufacturing

500 515 513 470 462 477 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6

Durable goods(3)

311 322 317 321 292 342 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 4.1

Nondurable goods(3)

189 193 196 149 170 134 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,558 1,390 1,256 1,337 1,285 1,464 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.4 5.0

Wholesale trade

219 213 169 193 202 250 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.0

Retail trade

1,080 863 793 816 741 866 6.4 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.5 5.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

259 314 294 327 343 348 4.1 4.9 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.4

Information(3)

149 129 177 137 162 129 5.0 4.4 5.9 4.6 5.4 4.4

Financial activities

435 378 379 377 360 421 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.6

Finance and insurance

303 260 249 269 267 323 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.8

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

132 118 130 107 92 98 5.5 4.8 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.0

Professional and business services

1,363 1,292 1,238 1,305 1,241 1,183 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.2

Education and health services

1,285 1,322 1,287 1,330 1,205 1,284 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0

Educational services(3)

92 127 135 135 125 139 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.5

Health care and social assistance

1,192 1,195 1,152 1,195 1,080 1,145 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,039 913 959 929 992 967 5.9 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

94 104 101 120 154 128 3.7 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.9 4.9

Accommodation and food services

944 809 858 809 838 839 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.5

Other services

314 261 252 261 245 266 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.3

Government

637 688 712 739 719 744 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2

Federal(3)

101 110 127 121 110 99 3.5 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.4

State and local

536 578 585 618 608 645 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2

State and local education

231 217 212 218 222 232 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2

State and local, excluding education(3)

304 360 373 400 387 412 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

1,277 1,231 1,172 1,348 1,203 1,228 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.1 4.2

South

2,862 2,641 2,634 2,765 2,687 2,800 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.8

Midwest

1,800 1,689 1,690 1,569 1,563 1,669 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8

West

1,655 1,688 1,677 1,620 1,580 1,571 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

5,877 5,716 5,978 5,884 5,951 5,764 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,515 5,377 5,620 5,489 5,596 5,402 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2

Mining and logging

37 21 23 21 25 26 4.9 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.5

Construction

363 413 374 414 451 485 4.9 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.4

Manufacturing

382 336 338 337 338 319 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5

Durable goods

228 194 190 192 194 182 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nondurable goods

155 142 148 145 144 137 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,225 1,177 1,233 1,173 1,197 1,095 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.9

Wholesale trade

163 154 169 145 165 146 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.5

Retail trade

785 798 804 782 788 691 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

277 225 260 245 244 258 4.6 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2

Information

85 93 94 95 88 101 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.6

Financial activities

170 219 256 235 230 208 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4

Finance and insurance

102 128 163 148 145 127 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

68 91 94 86 85 81 3.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5

Professional and business services

1,200 1,112 1,180 1,163 1,209 1,152 5.7 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3

Education and health services

715 676 750 686 719 719 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9

Educational services

97 93 108 94 96 111 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.9

Health care and social assistance

618 583 642 593 623 608 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

1,114 1,114 1,150 1,135 1,150 1,094 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

191 128 155 161 167 161 7.9 5.2 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.5

Accommodation and food services

923 986 995 973 984 932 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.9 6.5

Other services

224 217 221 229 188 202 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.4

Government

362 339 358 396 355 362 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6

Federal

37 33 37 70 41 40 1.3 1.2 1.3 2.5 1.4 1.4

State and local

325 306 322 325 314 321 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

State and local education

170 166 172 169 154 164 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local, excluding education

155 140 150 156 160 157 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

870 891 964 935 900 918 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3

South

2,394 2,293 2,420 2,306 2,413 2,312 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2

Midwest

1,287 1,249 1,274 1,285 1,295 1,240 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7

West

1,326 1,283 1,320 1,358 1,343 1,293 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

5,642 5,513 5,810 5,732 5,798 5,636 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,279 5,174 5,473 5,385 5,454 5,268 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging

31 24 27 28 24 28 4.2 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.8

Construction

344 407 376 415 428 460 4.7 5.4 5.0 5.5 5.7 6.1

Manufacturing

352 331 326 320 349 313 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4

Durable goods

208 180 177 183 203 181 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.2

Nondurable goods

144 151 149 137 145 132 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,195 1,118 1,217 1,202 1,204 1,063 4.3 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.8

Wholesale trade

154 152 165 145 167 134 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.2

Retail trade

801 767 807 817 801 692 5.1 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

240 199 246 241 236 237 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Information

68 90 95 94 84 95 2.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.4

Financial activities

166 219 231 240 215 197 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.3

Finance and insurance

104 125 140 151 132 120 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

63 94 91 89 83 77 2.8 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.3

Professional and business services

1,161 1,059 1,148 1,145 1,168 1,129 5.5 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.2

Education and health services

663 611 682 633 655 665 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Educational services

99 89 91 98 87 96 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

564 522 590 535 568 570 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8

Leisure and hospitality

1,079 1,096 1,144 1,110 1,125 1,096 6.6 6.6 6.9 6.6 6.7 6.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

176 136 150 159 154 175 7.2 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.2 7.0

Accommodation and food services

904 960 994 951 972 922 6.4 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.4

Other services

219 218 226 199 201 221 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.7

Government

363 339 336 347 344 368 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6

Federal

32 33 37 40 41 54 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9

State and local

332 306 300 307 304 314 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6

State and local education

185 174 158 153 153 159 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

State and local, excluding education

147 132 142 154 151 156 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

816 896 870 914 863 922 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3

South

2,193 2,114 2,237 2,287 2,301 2,141 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9

Midwest

1,314 1,224 1,298 1,195 1,272 1,194 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.6

West

1,319 1,278 1,404 1,336 1,363 1,379 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

3,469 3,462 3,668 3,601 3,471 3,512 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,287 3,278 3,487 3,419 3,288 3,333 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6

Mining and logging

19 13 14 14 11 13 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8

Construction

180 186 177 182 187 181 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4

Manufacturing

205 203 195 197 214 186 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4

Durable goods

112 114 103 114 126 105 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3

Nondurable goods

93 89 92 83 88 81 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

732 745 771 777 731 659 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.4

Wholesale trade

85 90 89 87 80 68 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1

Retail trade

514 540 545 554 522 459 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

133 115 137 136 129 131 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

Information

43 50 43 49 43 46 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6

Financial activities

108 137 138 152 128 136 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6

Finance and insurance

61 77 88 92 88 92 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

47 60 50 61 41 44 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.9

Professional and business services

673 621 679 646 654 648 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0

Education and health services

461 412 485 459 442 463 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9

Educational services

66 54 61 56 50 62 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance

395 359 424 402 393 401 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

732 782 822 831 754 811 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

89 77 80 83 77 88 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.5

Accommodation and food services

643 705 742 748 677 723 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.0

Other services

134 128 165 113 124 190 2.3 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.1 3.2

Government

182 183 181 181 182 179 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Federal

16 14 17 18 18 18 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

State and local

166 170 164 164 165 161 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education

92 98 88 87 88 85 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding education

74 71 75 77 76 76 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION(4)

Northeast

406 507 502 546 468 518 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.9

South

1,436 1,392 1,479 1,440 1,369 1,389 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5

Midwest

797 763 836 759 789 770 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3

West

831 800 852 856 845 834 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

1,855 1,711 1,788 1,812 1,971 1,769 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,731 1,615 1,698 1,709 1,871 1,646 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Mining and logging

10 8 12 10 12 14 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.8

Construction

148 211 183 218 218 259 2.0 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9 3.4

Manufacturing

130 109 112 104 112 109 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods

83 55 63 57 65 63 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

47 54 49 48 48 46 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

409 313 372 368 400 335 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2

Wholesale trade(3)

58 56 63 54 77 56 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.9

Retail trade

256 184 216 227 235 190 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

96 73 93 88 88 90 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5

Information

21 28 42 38 36 41 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4

Financial activities

34 63 63 59 62 38 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.4

Finance and insurance

20 31 27 33 25 12 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

14 31 36 26 37 26 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.1

Professional and business services

418 376 410 441 456 422 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0

Education and health services

165 164 159 137 178 165 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services

28 30 26 36 33 27 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance

136 134 133 100 145 138 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

320 272 296 257 335 246 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

85 57 67 71 72 81 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.3

Accommodation and food services

236 215 229 186 263 165 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.2

Other services

75 71 49 76 62 18 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.3

Government

125 97 91 102 100 123 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5

Federal

7 8 7 10 9 25 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.9

State and local

118 89 84 93 91 98 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local education

67 53 44 43 41 46 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding education

51 36 41 49 50 51 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6

REGION(4)

Northeast

350 316 308 314 330 341 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

South

663 601 624 717 788 627 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1

Midwest

442 397 396 375 406 351 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0

West

401 397 460 406 446 450 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
June
2019
July
2019
Aug.
2019
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

318 340 353 320 356 355 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

261 281 288 256 295 288 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

2 3 1 3 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2

Construction(3)

16 9 17 16 22 20 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing

16 19 19 19 23 18 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods

12 12 12 12 13 13 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods(3)

4 7 8 6 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

55 60 75 58 73 69 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

12 5 13 4 10 10 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade

31 43 45 37 44 43 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)

12 11 17 17 19 16 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information(3)

3 11 11 6 6 9 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3

Financial activities

24 20 30 28 25 23 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Finance and insurance

23 17 25 26 19 17 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing(3)

1 3 5 2 6 6 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services

70 62 59 58 59 59 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

38 35 38 37 35 37 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Educational services

5 5 4 5 5 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance(3)

33 30 33 33 30 30 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

27 42 26 22 37 39 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)

2 2 3 5 5 6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services(3)

25 39 24 16 32 33 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services(3)

9 20 12 10 15 13 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Government

57 59 65 64 62 67 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal

9 11 13 12 14 11 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

State and local

48 48 52 51 48 55 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

State and local education

26 23 26 23 23 27 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local, excluding education

21 25 26 28 25 28 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION(4)

Northeast

61 73 61 54 64 63 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South

95 121 134 130 144 124 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Midwest

74 64 66 61 76 73 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

88 81 92 74 72 95 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series.
(4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

7,884 7,097 7,626 5.0 4.5 4.7

INDUSTRY

Total private

7,256 6,384 6,884 5.4 4.7 5.0

Mining and logging

36 34 21 4.5 4.3 2.7

Construction

278 327 311 3.6 4.1 3.9

Manufacturing

500 462 477 3.8 3.5 3.6

Durable goods

311 292 342 3.7 3.5 4.1

Nondurable goods

189 170 134 3.8 3.4 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,728 1,413 1,680 5.9 4.9 5.7

Wholesale trade

215 192 246 3.5 3.1 4.0

Retail trade

1,254 878 1,085 7.4 5.3 6.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

259 343 348 4.1 5.3 5.4

Information

149 162 129 5.0 5.4 4.4

Financial activities

450 355 444 5.0 3.9 4.8

Finance and insurance

318 262 346 4.8 4.0 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

132 92 98 5.5 3.8 4.0

Professional and business services

1,464 1,282 1,276 6.4 5.6 5.5

Education and health services

1,329 1,168 1,323 5.2 4.6 5.1

Educational services

92 125 139 2.3 3.2 3.4

Health care and social assistance

1,237 1,043 1,184 5.8 4.8 5.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,002 943 924 5.8 5.3 5.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

87 125 118 3.5 4.7 4.6

Accommodation and food services

915 818 806 6.1 5.4 5.3

Other services

321 238 298 5.2 3.9 4.8

Government

628 713 743 2.7 3.1 3.1

Federal

101 110 99 3.5 3.7 3.4

State and local

526 603 644 2.6 3.0 3.1

State and local education

222 216 231 2.0 2.0 2.1

State and local, excluding education

304 387 412 3.2 4.0 4.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

1,325 1,243 1,286 4.6 4.3 4.4

South

2,923 2,680 2,916 5.0 4.6 5.0

Midwest

1,887 1,574 1,771 5.4 4.5 5.0

West

1,749 1,600 1,653 4.8 4.4 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
(2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

6,344 6,027 6,150 4.2 4.0 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,991 5,596 5,797 4.7 4.3 4.5

Mining and logging

37 26 27 4.9 3.4 3.6

Construction

362 431 493 4.8 5.6 6.4

Manufacturing

387 349 317 3.0 2.7 2.5

Durable goods

225 196 176 2.8 2.4 2.2

Nondurable goods

162 153 142 3.4 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,531 1,228 1,360 5.5 4.4 4.9

Wholesale trade

185 165 159 3.1 2.8 2.7

Retail trade

1,007 801 876 6.4 5.1 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

338 262 324 5.6 4.3 5.3

Information

100 87 117 3.5 3.1 4.1

Financial activities

199 213 228 2.3 2.5 2.6

Finance and insurance

126 133 146 2.0 2.1 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

73 81 83 3.2 3.4 3.5

Professional and business services

1,269 1,188 1,193 5.9 5.5 5.5

Education and health services

787 784 795 3.3 3.2 3.2

Educational services

93 154 111 2.4 4.1 2.8

Health care and social assistance

694 630 683 3.4 3.1 3.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,106 1,114 1,076 6.7 6.6 6.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

174 136 151 7.3 5.4 6.2

Accommodation and food services

932 978 924 6.6 6.8 6.4

Other services

213 175 191 3.6 2.9 3.2

Government

353 431 353 1.5 1.9 1.5

Federal

39 44 44 1.4 1.5 1.5

State and local

315 388 309 1.6 2.0 1.5

State and local education

176 242 168 1.6 2.3 1.5

State and local, excluding education

139 146 141 1.5 1.6 1.5

REGION(3)

Northeast

917 957 957 3.3 3.4 3.4

South

2,582 2,414 2,472 4.7 4.3 4.4

Midwest

1,374 1,303 1,309 4.1 3.9 3.9

West

1,471 1,354 1,412 4.2 3.8 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
(2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

5,798 6,160 5,759 3.8 4.1 3.8

INDUSTRY

Total private

5,497 5,770 5,441 4.3 4.5 4.2

Mining and logging

32 22 28 4.2 3.0 3.8

Construction

363 444 495 4.8 5.8 6.4

Manufacturing

363 366 319 2.8 2.8 2.5

Durable goods

209 212 181 2.6 2.6 2.2

Nondurable goods

155 154 138 3.2 3.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

1,189 1,185 1,042 4.3 4.3 3.7

Wholesale trade

165 166 141 2.8 2.8 2.4

Retail trade

784 804 663 5.0 5.1 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

240 215 238 4.0 3.5 3.9

Information

67 87 92 2.3 3.1 3.2

Financial activities

167 210 196 1.9 2.4 2.2

Finance and insurance

103 129 119 1.6 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

63 81 77 2.8 3.5 3.3

Professional and business services

1,209 1,178 1,153 5.7 5.4 5.3

Education and health services

656 651 670 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services

69 87 69 1.8 2.3 1.7

Health care and social assistance

587 564 601 2.9 2.7 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

1,233 1,397 1,227 7.5 8.3 7.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

231 254 236 9.6 10.1 9.7

Accommodation and food services

1,003 1,143 990 7.2 7.9 6.9

Other services

218 231 219 3.7 3.9 3.7

Government

301 389 317 1.3 1.7 1.4

Federal

34 45 55 1.2 1.6 1.9

State and local

267 345 262 1.3 1.7 1.3

State and local education

117 123 104 1.1 1.2 1.0

State and local, excluding education

150 221 158 1.6 2.4 1.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

810 1,038 944 2.9 3.7 3.4

South

2,242 2,355 2,138 4.1 4.2 3.8

Midwest

1,381 1,349 1,236 4.2 4.0 3.7

West

1,365 1,417 1,441 3.9 4.0 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
(2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

3,564 3,673 3,583 2.4 2.4 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private

3,412 3,486 3,436 2.7 2.7 2.6

Mining and logging

20 13 14 2.6 1.7 1.9

Construction

188 203 190 2.5 2.6 2.5

Manufacturing

209 222 187 1.6 1.7 1.5

Durable goods

115 130 106 1.4 1.6 1.3

Nondurable goods

94 92 81 2.0 1.9 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

775 765 687 2.8 2.8 2.5

Wholesale trade

94 81 74 1.6 1.4 1.2

Retail trade

530 558 466 3.4 3.6 3.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

151 126 147 2.5 2.1 2.4

Information

43 44 43 1.5 1.6 1.5

Financial activities

109 132 137 1.3 1.5 1.6

Finance and insurance

61 91 93 1.0 1.4 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

47 41 44 2.1 1.7 1.9

Professional and business services

719 665 682 3.4 3.1 3.1

Education and health services

474 449 482 2.0 1.8 2.0

Educational services

49 56 50 1.3 1.5 1.3

Health care and social assistance

424 393 432 2.1 1.9 2.1

Leisure and hospitality

745 858 826 4.5 5.1 4.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

87 104 90 3.6 4.1 3.7

Accommodation and food services

658 753 736 4.7 5.2 5.1

Other services

133 136 187 2.3 2.3 3.1

Government

152 187 146 0.7 0.8 0.6

Federal

17 19 18 0.6 0.7 0.6

State and local

135 167 128 0.7 0.8 0.6

State and local education

66 76 59 0.6 0.7 0.5

State and local, excluding education

69 91 70 0.8 1.0 0.8

REGION(3)

Northeast

402 532 519 1.5 1.9 1.8

South

1,481 1,400 1,417 2.7 2.5 2.5

Midwest

821 858 791 2.5 2.6 2.4

West

860 883 856 2.5 2.5 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
(2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

1,931 2,142 1,841 1.3 1.4 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

1,822 1,996 1,720 1.4 1.5 1.3

Mining and logging

9 9 13 1.2 1.2 1.8

Construction

159 219 285 2.1 2.8 3.7

Manufacturing

139 122 115 1.1 0.9 0.9

Durable goods

82 69 63 1.0 0.9 0.8

Nondurable goods

57 53 52 1.2 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

364 346 292 1.3 1.3 1.0

Wholesale trade

58 77 56 1.0 1.3 0.9

Retail trade

229 200 160 1.4 1.3 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

78 69 76 1.3 1.1 1.2

Information

21 37 39 0.7 1.3 1.4

Financial activities

36 56 39 0.4 0.6 0.4

Finance and insurance

21 22 13 0.3 0.3 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

15 35 26 0.7 1.5 1.1

Professional and business services

410 456 403 1.9 2.1 1.8

Education and health services

146 167 152 0.6 0.7 0.6

Educational services

16 26 13 0.4 0.7 0.3

Health care and social assistance

130 141 139 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

461 503 361 2.8 3.0 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

142 144 141 5.9 5.7 5.8

Accommodation and food services

320 359 220 2.3 2.5 1.5

Other services

76 80 20 1.3 1.4 0.3

Government

109 146 121 0.5 0.6 0.5

Federal

9 11 26 0.3 0.4 0.9

State and local

100 135 95 0.5 0.7 0.5

State and local education

38 31 30 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education

63 104 65 0.7 1.1 0.7

REGION(3)

Northeast

349 436 363 1.3 1.6 1.3

South

668 822 610 1.2 1.5 1.1

Midwest

493 418 379 1.5 1.3 1.1

West

421 466 489 1.2 1.3 1.4

Footnotes
(1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
(2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary


Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry and region Levels (in thousands) Rates(2)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)
Oct.
2018
Sept.
2019
Oct.
2019(p)

Total

303 344 335 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private

263 288 285 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging

3 1 1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Construction

16 22 20 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing

16 22 17 0.1 0.2 0.1

Durable goods

11 12 13 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods

4 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

50 73 63 0.2 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade

13 7 11 0.2 0.1 0.2

Retail trade

26 46 36 0.2 0.3 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities

12 19 16 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information

3 6 9 0.1 0.2 0.3

Financial activities

22 22 20 0.3 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance

21 16 13 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

1 6 6 0.0 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services

81 57 67 0.4 0.3 0.3

Education and health services

36 35 36 0.1 0.1 0.1

Educational services

3 5 6 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance

33 30 30 0.2 0.1 0.1

Leisure and hospitality

27 37 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2 5 6 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services

25 32 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services

9 15 13 0.2 0.3 0.2

Government

40 57 50 0.2 0.3 0.2

Federal

9 15 10 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local

32 42 39 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local education

14 16 16 0.1 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding education

18 26 23 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION(3)

Northeast

59 70 62 0.2 0.3 0.2

South

93 133 111 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest

67 74 66 0.2 0.2 0.2

West

84 68 96 0.2 0.2 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
(2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
(3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.


Last Modified Date: December 17, 2019