Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 08-0688
http://www.bls.gov/mls/
For release: 10:00 A.M. (EDT)
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Thursday, May 22, 2008
MASS LAYOFFS IN APRIL 2008
In April, employers took 1,308 mass layoff actions, seasonally adjusted,
as measured by new filings for unemployment insurance benefits during the
month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor re-
ported today. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single em-
ployer; the number of workers involved totaled 133,914, on a seasonally
adjusted basis. The number of mass layoff events in April 2008 decreased
by 263 from the prior month, while the number of associated initial claims
decreased by 23,242. In April, 483 mass layoff events were reported in the
manufacturing sector, seasonally adjusted, resulting in 60,552 initial claims.
Over the month, mass layoff events in manufacturing remained essentially un-
changed, but initial claims decreased by 3,536. (See table 1.)
The national unemployment rate was 5.0 percent in April, seasonally ad-
justed, down from 5.1 percent in the prior month but up from 4.5 percent a
year earlier. Total nonfarm payroll employment decreased by 20,000 in April
from the previous month but was 462,000 higher than a year earlier.
Industry Distribution (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
The number of mass layoff events in April, at 1,272 on a not seasonally
adjusted basis, was up by 53 from a year earlier. The number of associ-
ated initial claims was 130,810, an increase of 3,366 over the year. (See
table 2.) The largest over-the-year increases in initial claims occurred in
transportation equipment manufacturing (+6,114) and administrative and sup-
port services (+5,878). The largest decreases occurred in transit and ground
passenger transportation (-11,550) and in motion picture and sound
recording industries (-5,806).
The manufacturing sector accounted for 31 percent of all mass layoff events
and 37 percent of initial claims filed in April; a year earlier, manufacturing
made up 25 percent of events and 28 percent of initial claims. In April 2008,
the number of manufacturing claimants was highest in transportation equipment
manufacturing (17,617), followed by food manufacturing (7,085). (See table 3.)
Administrative and waste services accounted for 13 percent of both mass layoff
events and initial claims in April, primarily from temporary help services.
The six-digit NAICS industry with the highest number of initial claims was
temporary help services with 11,280, followed by school and employee bus trans-
portation (6,258), and automobile manufacturing (5,082). Among the 10 industries
with the highest levels of initial claims, scheduled passenger air transportation
reached a program high for the month of April (with data available back to 1995).
(See table A.)
- 2 -
Table A. Industries with the largest number of mass layoff initial claims
in April 2008
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | April peak
Industry |Initial |----------------------
| claims | |
| | Year |Initial claims
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
Temporary help services ..................| 11,280 | 2001 | 17,507
School and employee bus transportation ...| 6,258 | 2006 | 17,621
Automobile manufacturing .................| 5,082 | 1996 | 14,744
Food service contractors .................| 3,645 | 2004 | 5,496
Tax preparation services .................| 3,256 | 2006 | 3,791
Heavy duty truck manufacturing ...........| 2,711 | 2007 | 3,451
Professional employer organizations ......| 2,673 | 2001 | 3,280
Farm labor contractors and crew leaders ..| 2,616 | 1998 | 4,054
Scheduled passenger air transportation ...| 2,278 | 2008 | 2,278
Motion picture and video production ......| 2,076 | 1997 | 15,908
| | |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geographic Distribution (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
Among the four census regions, the highest number of initial claims in April
due to mass layoffs was in the West (41,721). The Midwest had the second largest
number of initial claims among the regions (37,169), followed by the South with
27,299 and the Northeast with 24,621. (See table 5.)
The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs increased over the year in
2 of the 4 regions--the Midwest (+14,124) and the South (+1,088). Five of the
9 divisions had over-the-year increases in initial claims, led by the East North
Central (+10,612).
California recorded the highest number of initial claims filed due to mass lay-
off events in April with 28,172, followed by Michigan (11,156), New York (7,539),
and Pennsylvania (7,506). (See table 6.) Twenty-eight states reported over-the-
year increases in initial claims associated with mass layoffs, led by Michigan
(+7,367), Texas (+2,477), and Indiana (+2,144). States with the largest over-the-
year decreases in claims were New York (-7,715) and Pennsylvania (-3,491).
______________________________
The report on Mass Layoffs in May 2008 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, June 20.
- 3 -
Technical Note
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program
that uses a standardized automated approach to identifying, describing,
and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each
state's unemployment insurance database. Each month, states report on
employers which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during
a consecutive 5-week period. These employers then are contacted by the
state agency to determine whether these separations lasted 31 days or
longer, and, if so, other information concerning the layoff is collected.
States report on layoffs lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis.
A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment
insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that
month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the
first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is
included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some months
will contain 4 weeks and others, 5 weeks, the number of weeks in a given
month may be different from year to year, and the number of weeks in a
year may vary. Therefore, analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year
change in not seasonally adjusted series should take this calendar effect
into consideration.
The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it had been
terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior to April 1995,
monthly layoff statistics were not available.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Definitions
Employer. Employers in the MLS program include those covered by state
unemployment insurance laws. Information on employers is obtained from the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program, which is adminis-
tered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to
initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and
eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment
within a benefit year or period of eligibility.
Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits filed against an employer during a 5-week period,
regardless of duration.
Seasonal adjustment
Effective with the release of data for January 2005, BLS began publish-
ing six seasonally adjusted monthly MLS series. The six series are the
numbers of mass layoff events and mass layoff initial claims for the total,
private nonfarm, and manufacturing sectors.
Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing the effect
on time series data of regularly recurring seasonal events such as changes
in the weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
The use of seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes
in time series, particularly those associated with general economic expan-
sions and contractions.
The MLS data are seasonally adjusted using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjust-
ment method on a concurrent basis. Concurrent seasonal adjustment uses all
available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in devel-
oping seasonal adjustment factors. Revisions to the most recent 5 years
of seasonally adjusted data will be made once a year with the issuance of
December data. Before the data are seasonally adjusted, prior adjustments
are made to the original data to adjust them for differences in the number
of weeks used to calculate the monthly data. Because weekly unemployment
insurance claims are aggregated to form monthly data, a particular month's
value could be calculated with 5 weeks of data in one year and 4 weeks
in another. The effects of these differences could seriously distort the
seasonal factors if they were ignored in the seasonal adjustment process.
These effects are modeled in the X-12-ARIMA program and are permanently
removed from the final seasonally adjusted series.
Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, May 2004 to
April 2008, seasonally adjusted
Total Private nonfarm Manufacturing
Date
Initial Initial Initial
Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants
2004
May ........................ 1,224 114,810 1,059 100,854 339 39,045
June ....................... 1,400 141,168 1,231 128,245 371 47,243
July ....................... 1,329 137,805 1,178 126,301 376 50,799
August ..................... 1,426 128,759 1,233 113,809 343 36,539
September .................. 1,285 127,833 1,154 116,843 336 45,690
October .................... 1,283 132,766 1,169 123,471 363 47,046
November ................... 1,320 130,873 1,174 119,029 380 45,416
December ................... 1,148 111,060 991 99,784 287 31,935
2005
January .................... 1,475 160,725 1,346 151,028 382 61,324
February ................... 1,146 121,455 1,020 110,480 353 43,568
March ...................... 1,207 131,271 1,066 120,945 372 53,673
April ...................... 1,252 136,752 1,125 126,550 401 60,681
May ........................ 1,248 136,420 1,104 123,495 398 54,999
June ....................... 1,196 127,084 1,078 118,012 368 58,300
July ....................... 1,250 132,445 1,103 119,566 357 46,602
August ..................... 1,144 125,686 1,000 113,762 341 47,598
September .................. 2,248 297,544 2,028 251,185 417 55,304
October .................... 1,101 110,035 982 100,934 321 43,230
November ................... 1,176 114,965 1,042 103,535 332 42,071
December ................... 1,261 134,461 1,132 123,418 360 46,863
2006
January .................... 1,107 110,800 988 101,494 283 34,037
February ................... 1,031 109,798 940 101,828 322 43,147
March ...................... 1,084 119,049 983 110,668 323 48,119
April ...................... 1,171 121,580 1,043 112,175 368 49,568
May ........................ 1,124 117,115 1,005 107,181 314 43,087
June ....................... 1,146 123,827 1,030 114,080 352 44,869
July ....................... 1,179 121,017 1,051 111,336 372 48,534
August ..................... 1,270 135,400 1,107 124,427 377 60,906
September .................. 1,173 123,767 1,056 114,677 385 45,767
October .................... 1,191 121,827 1,076 113,123 399 53,601
November ................... 1,232 133,803 1,121 124,559 414 58,385
December ................... 1,194 131,062 1,092 121,796 374 51,408
2007
January .................... 1,254 128,223 1,118 117,824 391 52,858
February ................... 1,352 143,837 1,238 135,066 416 61,749
March ...................... 1,277 130,981 1,169 122,488 412 52,606
April ...................... 1,243 126,977 1,116 116,926 382 43,930
May ........................ 1,199 120,587 1,096 113,069 370 48,910
June ....................... 1,238 129,858 1,116 120,165 351 40,670
July ....................... 1,247 127,687 1,140 119,614 392 51,333
August ..................... 1,228 121,886 1,128 114,628 335 36,518
September .................. 1,307 128,487 1,204 121,294 430 53,432
October .................... 1,347 136,124 1,224 127,163 430 57,695
November ................... 1,329 139,671 1,215 131,390 414 56,965
December ................... 1,433 141,750 1,315 133,024 462 58,108
2008
January .................... 1,438 144,111 1,317 134,347 427 55,488
February ................... 1,672 177,374 1,539 166,782 529 66,913
March ...................... 1,571 157,156 1,460 147,537 482 64,088
April ...................... 1,308 133,914 1,186 124,053 483 60,552
Table 2. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, May 2004 to
April 2008, not seasonally adjusted
Total Private nonfarm Manufacturing
Date
Initial Initial Initial
Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants
2004
May ........................ 988 87,501 878 78,786 219 22,141
June ....................... 1,379 134,588 1,077 110,804 222 27,307
July ....................... 2,094 253,929 1,860 234,877 885 145,895
August ..................... 809 69,033 745 63,876 194 17,698
September .................. 708 68,972 637 63,102 189 25,808
October .................... 1,242 127,918 1,101 117,375 372 48,265
November ................... 1,399 130,423 1,201 115,549 412 44,243
December ................... 1,614 161,271 1,487 152,092 436 50,726
2005
January .................... 2,564 263,952 2,421 253,409 823 108,985
February ................... 810 74,644 722 68,372 230 24,931
March ...................... 806 88,937 733 83,793 246 33,030
April ...................... 1,373 158,582 1,263 148,133 395 59,129
May ........................ 986 101,358 891 93,332 249 30,424
June ....................... 1,157 120,463 941 103,307 216 32,783
July ....................... 1,981 244,216 1,745 222,377 856 136,210
August ..................... 645 67,582 598 63,484 188 22,531
September .................. 1,662 213,281 1,505 179,042 318 47,497
October .................... 905 91,941 757 80,694 249 37,276
November ................... 1,254 116,127 1,079 102,182 363 41,442
December ................... 2,323 254,258 2,168 242,753 706 96,382
2006
January .................... 1,245 117,946 1,123 108,701 331 35,097
February ................... 719 66,555 658 62,208 210 24,892
March ...................... 921 111,838 856 106,177 285 44,688
April ...................... 1,140 121,589 1,038 112,964 296 39,538
May ........................ 872 84,809 794 78,663 192 23,570
June ....................... 1,489 164,761 1,224 140,687 319 41,095
July ....................... 1,511 166,857 1,335 154,342 648 96,152
August ..................... 708 72,844 656 69,054 203 28,494
September .................. 865 87,699 785 81,274 296 39,076
October .................... 964 98,804 820 88,133 311 46,737
November ................... 1,315 136,186 1,172 125,009 455 58,473
December ................... 2,249 254,503 2,126 244,783 735 105,462
2007
January .................... 1,407 134,984 1,263 124,475 456 53,615
February ................... 935 86,696 861 82,097 273 36,170
March ...................... 1,082 123,974 1,015 118,431 367 49,886
April ...................... 1,219 127,444 1,115 118,040 309 35,229
May ........................ 923 85,816 856 81,153 224 26,527
June ....................... 1,599 172,810 1,318 148,669 313 36,571
July ....................... 1,599 175,419 1,450 164,939 684 101,390
August ..................... 963 93,458 908 88,345 220 23,361
September .................. 717 67,385 667 64,026 246 29,381
October .................... 1,083 108,455 929 97,716 338 50,918
November ................... 1,799 198,220 1,593 181,184 514 75,413
December ................... 2,167 224,214 2,071 216,898 699 91,754
2008
January .................... 1,647 154,503 1,520 144,191 488 54,418
February ................... 1,269 119,508 1,178 113,587 361 42,527
March ...................... 1,089 114,541 1,039 110,147 333 43,740
April ...................... 1,272 130,810 1,172 121,625 394 48,188
Table 3. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Initial claimants for
Mass layoff events unemployment insurance
Industry
April February March April April February March April
2007 2008 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008
Seasonally adjusted
Total ..................................... 1,243 1,672 1,571 1,308 126,977 177,374 157,156 133,914
Total, private nonfarm ........................ 1,116 1,539 1,460 1,186 116,926 166,782 147,537 124,053
Manufacturing ............................... 382 529 482 483 43,930 66,913 64,088 60,552
Not seasonally adjusted
Total (1) ................................. 1,219 1,269 1,089 1,272 127,444 119,508 114,541 130,810
Total, private .................................. 1,177 1,232 1,063 1,234 124,672 116,852 111,984 127,631
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting .. 62 54 24 62 6,632 3,265 1,837 6,006
Total, private nonfarm ........................ 1,115 1,178 1,039 1,172 118,040 113,587 110,147 121,625
Mining ...................................... (2) 5 (2) (2) (2) 335 (2) (2)
Utilities ................................... - (2) (2) (2) - (2) (2) (2)
Construction ................................ 88 193 119 112 6,423 13,335 7,891 8,106
Manufacturing ............................... 309 361 333 394 35,229 42,527 43,740 48,188
Food .................................... 61 46 58 66 5,976 3,916 7,705 7,085
Beverage and tobacco products ........... 3 9 6 4 251 795 540 422
Textile mills ........................... 15 10 14 10 1,234 1,373 2,745 1,065
Textile product mills (3) ............... 8 5 (2) 5 1,030 615 (2) 700
Apparel (3) ............................. 12 (2) 8 10 951 (2) 544 872
Leather and allied products ............. (2) - - (2) (2) - - (2)
Wood products ........................... 21 50 30 33 1,907 5,576 2,419 3,973
Paper ................................... 3 7 9 7 214 711 827 419
Printing and related support activities . 5 11 9 11 578 714 736 1,136
Petroleum and coal products ............. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Chemicals ............................... 7 6 3 8 682 368 140 621
Plastics and rubber products (3) ........ 11 15 27 28 945 1,081 2,201 2,522
Nonmetallic mineral products ............ 11 25 15 14 1,021 1,836 1,224 1,251
Primary metals .......................... 12 13 10 14 1,415 1,480 873 1,386
Fabricated metal products ............... 22 17 20 22 1,649 1,155 1,878 1,612
Machinery (3) ........................... 16 15 15 19 2,392 1,129 2,447 2,393
Computer and electronic products ........ 14 15 10 15 1,031 1,204 917 1,544
Electrical equipment and appliances ..... 5 17 9 13 996 5,327 2,692 1,153
Transportation equipment (3) ............ 63 66 72 89 11,503 12,189 14,318 17,617
Furniture and related products (3) ...... 7 18 11 18 518 2,043 842 1,746
Miscellaneous manufacturing (3) ......... 10 10 4 3 758 638 301 395
Wholesale trade ............................. 17 17 22 26 1,719 1,248 1,624 2,649
Retail trade ................................ 95 123 94 95 7,630 11,662 9,788 7,933
Transportation and warehousing .............. 162 53 92 108 19,296 7,318 10,629 12,228
Information ................................. 35 28 35 33 8,715 4,229 4,316 3,446
Finance and insurance (3) ................... 46 46 46 43 3,961 3,397 3,692 2,978
Real estate and rental and leasing (3) ...... 5 5 5 7 251 261 552 864
Professional and technical services (3) ..... 48 34 24 59 6,715 2,756 3,225 7,282
Management of companies and enterprises ..... (2) 3 (2) (2) (2) 181 (2) (2)
Administrative and waste services (3) ....... 142 197 130 168 10,953 17,799 10,076 16,831
Educational services ........................ 7 5 6 5 1,341 374 1,191 464
Health care and social assistance ........... 30 19 20 16 3,468 1,407 1,347 1,016
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ......... 28 6 8 28 1,979 330 492 2,078
Accommodation and food services ............. 80 78 90 68 7,800 6,121 10,328 6,743
Other services, except public administration 17 (2) 10 5 1,823 (2) 906 310
Unclassified ................................ 1 - - - 282 - - -
Government ...................................... 42 37 26 38 2,772 2,656 2,557 3,179
Federal ..................................... 9 3 7 7 698 249 569 490
State ....................................... 9 11 7 10 524 819 618 748
Local ....................................... 24 23 12 21 1,550 1,588 1,370 1,941
1 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia.
2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
3 Data beginning in 2008 are not strictly comparable to prior years due to a change in NAICS versions.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 4. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, April 2006 to April 2008,
not seasonally adjusted
Private nonfarm
Total mass layoffs Extended mass layoffs
Date Mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days Realization rates (1)
Initial Initial Initial Initial
Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants
2006
April ...................... 1,140 121,589 1,038 112,964
May ........................ 872 84,809 794 78,663
June ....................... 1,489 164,761 1,224 140,687
Second Quarter ............. 3,501 371,159 3,056 332,314 1,353 264,927 44.3 79.7
July ....................... 1,511 166,857 1,335 154,342
August ..................... 708 72,844 656 69,054
September .................. 865 87,699 785 81,274
Third Quarter .............. 3,084 327,400 2,776 304,670 929 161,764 33.5 53.1
October .................... 964 98,804 820 88,133
November ................... 1,315 136,186 1,172 125,009
December ................... 2,249 254,503 2,126 244,783
Fourth Quarter ............. 4,528 489,493 4,118 457,925 1,640 330,901 39.8 72.3
2007
January .................... 1,407 134,984 1,263 124,475
February ................... 935 86,696 861 82,097
March ...................... 1,082 123,974 1,015 118,431
First Quarter .............. 3,424 345,654 3,139 325,003 (r)1,110 (r)199,250 35.4 61.3
April ...................... 1,219 127,444 1,115 118,040
May ........................ 923 85,816 856 81,153
June ....................... 1,599 172,810 1,318 148,669
Second Quarter ............. 3,741 386,070 3,289 347,862 1,421 (r)259,082 43.2 (r)74.5
July ....................... 1,599 175,419 1,450 164,939
August ..................... 963 93,458 908 88,345
September .................. 717 67,385 667 64,026
Third Quarter .............. 3,279 336,262 3,025 317,310 1,019 (r)173,518 33.7 (r)54.7
October .................... 1,083 108,455 929 97,716
November ................... 1,799 198,220 1,593 181,184
December ................... 2,167 224,214 2,071 216,898
Fourth Quarter ............. 5,049 530,889 4,593 495,798 (r)1,814 (r)346,030 (r)39.5 (r)69.8
2008
January .................... 1,647 154,503 1,520 144,191
February ................... 1,269 119,508 1,178 113,587
March ...................... 1,089 114,541 1,039 110,147
First Quarter .............. 4,005 388,552 3,737 367,925 (2)(p)1,111 (2)(p)165,933 (p)29.7 (p)45.1
April ...................... 1,272 130,810 1,172 121,625
1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The
initial claimant realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants associated with
layoffs lasting more than 30 days.
2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more data on these layoffs become available.
Experience suggests that the number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards by less than 10 percent and
the number of initial claimants associated with such events increases by 25-40 percent.
r = revised.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division,
not seasonally adjusted
Initial claimants for
Mass layoff events unemployment insurance
Census region and division
April February March April April February March April
2007 2008 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008
United States (1) ... 1,219 1,269 1,089 1,272 127,444 119,508 114,541 130,810
Northeast ................... 315 212 180 244 35,637 21,554 21,202 24,621
New England ............. 39 35 14 59 4,637 3,999 1,014 6,506
Middle Atlantic ......... 276 177 166 185 31,000 17,555 20,188 18,115
South ....................... 248 305 245 256 26,211 29,835 28,097 27,299
South Atlantic .......... 147 176 139 139 13,763 13,912 14,166 11,989
East South Central ...... 54 64 53 59 6,813 8,907 6,680 8,783
West South Central ...... 47 65 53 58 5,635 7,016 7,251 6,527
Midwest ..................... 222 232 287 330 23,045 25,941 34,885 37,169
East North Central ...... 190 184 224 267 20,560 21,916 27,847 31,172
West North Central ...... 32 48 63 63 2,485 4,025 7,038 5,997
West ........................ 434 520 377 442 42,551 42,178 30,357 41,721
Mountain ................ 73 47 43 67 8,024 3,754 4,001 7,701
Pacific ................. 361 473 334 375 34,527 38,424 26,356 34,020
1 See footnote 1, table 3.
NOTE: The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South
Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington.
Table 6. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
not seasonally adjusted
Initial claimants for
Mass layoff events unemployment insurance
State
April February March April April February March April
2007 2008 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2008
Total (1) ............ 1,219 1,269 1,089 1,272 127,444 119,508 114,541 130,810
Alabama ................. 17 17 11 21 1,684 2,549 927 2,789
Alaska .................. 5 - (2) 4 621 - (2) 499
Arizona ................. 32 (2) 9 30 4,656 (2) 808 4,424
Arkansas ................ 4 3 5 3 409 364 867 330
California .............. 314 416 296 321 29,053 32,747 21,812 28,172
Colorado ................ 10 4 6 5 784 326 533 455
Connecticut ............. (2) (2) (2) 7 (2) (2) (2) 535
Delaware ................ (2) (2) 4 3 (2) (2) 298 920
District of Columbia .... - (2) - - - (2) - -
Florida ................. 59 102 63 65 3,524 6,572 5,145 4,130
Georgia ................. 26 26 20 29 2,369 2,428 3,302 2,606
Hawaii .................. 3 9 4 5 185 786 304 1,583
Idaho ................... 3 7 12 3 499 497 1,187 206
Illinois ................ 34 52 51 47 4,497 6,344 6,694 4,646
Indiana ................. 20 24 27 40 1,887 3,709 3,870 4,031
Iowa .................... 7 16 11 13 632 1,885 1,051 1,474
Kansas .................. 3 3 8 5 235 192 1,069 359
Kentucky ................ 17 24 26 21 2,936 4,219 4,555 4,651
Louisiana ............... 7 13 6 5 1,755 2,640 411 396
Maine ................... 3 4 - 3 201 245 - 184
Maryland ................ 9 5 (2) 6 1,048 377 (2) 531
Massachusetts ........... 11 9 5 18 1,020 698 433 1,936
Michigan ................ 34 32 41 65 3,789 4,379 3,980 11,156
Minnesota ............... 11 5 9 15 817 361 617 1,148
Mississippi ............. 4 10 7 9 217 897 493 773
Missouri ................ 7 19 28 24 445 1,127 3,799 2,205
Montana ................. (2) (2) (2) 3 (2) (2) (2) 212
Nebraska ................ (2) 5 6 3 (2) 460 412 453
Nevada .................. 14 23 7 16 1,050 1,909 522 1,558
New Hampshire ........... 6 3 3 5 631 351 167 451
New Jersey .............. 50 35 34 34 4,749 3,439 4,007 3,070
New Mexico .............. 8 (2) 5 4 592 (2) 685 316
New York ................ 116 42 29 64 15,254 5,912 3,436 7,539
North Carolina .......... 13 21 16 6 1,210 2,121 1,367 555
North Dakota ............ (2) - - (2) (2) - - (2)
Ohio .................... 55 42 52 67 6,024 4,387 6,236 6,951
Oklahoma ................ 4 (2) 6 (2) 354 (2) 868 (2)
Oregon .................. 21 29 21 20 2,790 3,125 3,275 1,563
Pennsylvania ............ 110 100 103 87 10,997 8,204 12,745 7,506
Rhode Island ............ 8 9 4 11 1,589 1,448 303 1,641
South Carolina .......... 26 10 17 22 3,291 1,354 1,659 2,563
South Dakota ............ (2) - (2) (2) (2) - (2) (2)
Tennessee ............... 16 13 9 8 1,976 1,242 705 570
Texas ................... 32 47 36 48 3,117 3,870 5,105 5,594
Utah .................... 4 7 (2) 5 315 525 (2) 464
Vermont ................. 10 8 (2) 15 1,052 1,084 (2) 1,759
Virginia ................ 9 8 14 6 628 742 1,808 494
Washington .............. 18 19 12 25 1,878 1,766 913 2,203
West Virginia ........... 4 (2) 3 (2) 305 (2) 428 (2)
Wisconsin ............... 47 34 53 48 4,363 3,097 7,067 4,388
Wyoming ................. - (2) - (2) - (2) - (2)
Puerto Rico ............. 16 23 4 17 1,556 2,113 344 1,437
1 See footnote 1, table 3.
2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
United States Department of Labor
