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For release 10:00 A.M. (EDT) USDL-11-0761 WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 2011 Technical information: (202) 691-6199 NCSinfo@bls.gov http://www.bls.gov/ncs Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov OCCUPATIONAL PAY COMPARISONS AMONG METROPOLITAN AREAS, 2010 Average pay for civilian workers in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA metropolitan area was 20 percent above the national average in 2010, one of 77 metropolitan areas studied by the National Compensation Survey (NCS), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The Brownsville-Harlingen, TX metropolitan area had a pay relative of 80, meaning workers earned an average of 80 cents for every dollar earned by workers nationwide. Using data from the NCS, pay relatives—a means of assessing pay differences—are available for each of the nine major occupational groups within surveyed metropolitan areas, as well as averaged across all occupations for each area. The average pay relative nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group equals 100. (See table 1.) A pay relative is a calculation of pay—wages, salaries, commissions, and production bonuses—for a given metropolitan area relative to the nation as a whole. The calculation controls for differences among areas in occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the fact that data are collected for areas at different times during the year. Simple pay comparisons calculating the ratio of the average pay for an area to the entire United States in percentage terms would not control for interarea differences in occupational composition and other factors, which may impact pay relatives. Chart 1 above lists selected metropolitan area pay relatives compared to average pay nationally among those studied in the NCS. Table A provides selected metropolitan area pay relatives for each of five major occupational groups. In addition, area-to-area comparisons have been calculated for all 77 metropolitan areas and are available on the BLS website at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/payrel.htm. Table A. Selected metropolitan area-to-national pay relatives and major occupational groups, July 2010 (of 77 metropolitan areas surveyed) Major Occupational Group Metropolitan Area Pay Relative Management, business, and financial New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA 120 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA 108 Reno-Sparks, NV 108 Salinas, CA 108 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 108 Office and administrative support San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 120 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA 115 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH 114 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 114 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, 112 DC-MD-VA-WV Service San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 126 Salinas, CA 123 Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA 123 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 119 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 115 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA 115 Production Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI 117 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 117 Bloomington-Normal, IL 116 Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA 115 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA 113 Transportation and material moving Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA 117 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 114 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH 111 Kansas City, MO-KS 110 Salinas, CA 109 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 109 The pay relative for production occupations in the Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI and Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV areas was 117, meaning the pay in these two metropolitan areas averaged 17 percent more than the national average pay for that occupational group. By contrast, the pay relative for production workers in the Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas area was 80, meaning pay for workers in those occupations averaged 20 percent less than the national average. (See table 1.) Statistical significance measures are not available for news release and area-to-area comparison tables. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTICE OF FINAL NEWS RELEASE This is the final Occupational Pay Comparisons Among Metropolitan Areas news release. Funding for the Locality Pay Survey program is ending. However, the other programs of the National Compensation Survey, such as the Employment Cost Index, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, and benefit publications will continue to be produced. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
TECHNICAL NOTE Pay relative controls and calculations Pay relatives control for differences among areas in occupational composition as well as establishment and occupational characteristics. Metropolitan areas often differ greatly in the composition of establishments and occupations that are available to the local workforce. For example, in Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas, the ratio of workers in the high-paying management, business, and financial occupational group to the number of workers in all occupations is under 6 percent, whereas nationally this ratio is nearly 10 percent.1 In addition to these factors, the NCS collects compensation data for metropolitan areas at different times during the year. Payroll reference dates differ between areas, which makes direct comparisons between areas difficult. The pay relative approach controls for these differences to isolate the geographic effect on wages. To illustrate the importance of controlling for these effects, consider the following example . The average pay for construction and extraction workers in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA metropolitan area in 2010 was $32.54 and in the United States, $21.18.2 A simple pay comparison can be calculated from the ratio of the two average pay levels, multiplied by 100 to express the comparison as a percentage. The pay comparison in the example is calculated as: ($32.54 ÷ $21.18) × 100 ≅ 154 This comparison does not control for differences between New York and the nation in the mix of occupations, industries, and other factors. A more accurate estimate of the geographic effect of wages in New York can be obtained by taking these differences into account. Controlling for differences in occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the payroll reference date in New York relative to the nation as a whole, the pay relative for construction and extraction occupations in New York is 129. Survey methodology Pay relatives were estimated using a multivariate regression technique designed to control for interarea differences. This technique controls for the following ten characteristics: - Occupational type - Industry type - Work level - Full-time / part-time status - Time / incentive status - Union / nonunion status - Ownership type - Profit / non-profit status - Establishment employment - Payroll reference date Even accounting for the characteristics used in the current regression analysis, there is still wage variation across the areas. The variation is due to differences in wage determinants that were not included in the model. Examples of these determinants include price levels, environmental amenities such as a pleasant climate, and cultural amenities. Historical pay relatives data are available for the survey years 1992-1996, 1998, 2002, 2004-2009. There are several differences between the recent pay relatives and the pay relatives for earlier years, including different industry and occupation classification systems, varying methodology, and different survey designs. These differences limit comparability. The pay relatives since 2004 have been calculated using the same industry and occupation classification systems, methodology, and survey design. Nonetheless, comparisons between the estimates for these years should be made only with caution. For more details on survey design, methodology, classification systems, recent changes in the survey, and appropriate uses and limitations of the data, see BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch8_a.htm, especially the major section “Area-to-Nation and Area-to-Area Pay Comparisons.” Obtaining information Articles, bulletins, and other information from the National Compensation Survey may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, sending email to NCSinfo@bls.gov, or visiting the Internet site http://www.bls.gov/ncs. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service Number: 1-800-877-8339. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Footnotes (1) Data for this example are based on the May 2010 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm. (2) Average pay for construction and extraction workers in New York and for the United States are based on wage estimates published in New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA National Compensation Survey, May 2010 and National Compensation Survey: Occupational Earnings in the United States, 2010, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm.
Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2010 (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Management, Metropolitan area(1) All business, occupations and financial United States......................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 88 94 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL................................. 98 101 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX...... 94 92 Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 94 93 Bloomington, IN....................... 91 94 Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 100 91 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 111 102 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 80 84 Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 97 95 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC.................................... 94 91 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 99 101 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI.............................. 106 105 Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN.............................. 100 103 Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 100 102 Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 100 96 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 80 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 98 98 Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 96 99 Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 102 97 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 102 98 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 93 97 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 101 96 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 100 90 Great Falls, MT....................... 91 96 Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 95 100 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 95 99 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 111 107 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 95 93 Honolulu, HI.......................... 105 104 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 99 101 Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 98 104 Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 95 86 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Metropolitan area(1) Professional Service and related United States......................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 79 90 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL................................. 101 94 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX...... 92 91 Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 98 98 Bloomington, IN....................... 88 86 Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 103 99 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 111 112 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 88 88 Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 90 101 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC.................................... 98 88 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 97 98 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI.............................. 107 106 Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN.............................. 97 99 Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 98 99 Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 96 102 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 91 88 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 100 93 Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 92 101 Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 101 106 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 105 95 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 90 100 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 98 102 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 98 101 Great Falls, MT....................... 77 103 Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 98 92 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 93 96 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 109 119 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 84 94 Honolulu, HI.......................... 101 114 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 105 91 Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 102 93 Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 96 94 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Office and Metropolitan area(1) Sales and administra- related tive support United States......................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 96 90 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL................................. 95 101 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX...... 102 95 Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 89 97 Bloomington, IN....................... 86 92 Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 103 97 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 107 114 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 71 80 Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 92 94 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC.................................... 105 92 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 103 101 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI.............................. 103 107 Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN.............................. 110 100 Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 98 102 Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 104 102 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 87 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 102 99 Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 95 92 Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 106 104 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 99 100 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 95 94 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 98 97 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 114 101 Great Falls, MT....................... 92 83 Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 93 96 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 93 95 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 107 114 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 91 91 Honolulu, HI.......................... 104 98 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 102 101 Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 99 95 Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 82 97 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Construction Installation, Metropolitan area(1) and maintenance, extraction and repair United States......................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 88 97 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL................................. 86 94 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX...... 84 108 Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 80 97 Bloomington, IN....................... 83 93 Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 118 86 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 115 113 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 68 79 Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 107 97 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC.................................... 83 95 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 87 104 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI.............................. 129 109 Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN.............................. 80 100 Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 109 112 Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 108 102 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 96 108 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 89 98 Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 92 98 Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 94 111 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 103 98 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 103 86 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 100 133 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 104 91 Great Falls, MT....................... 96 95 Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 87 91 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 77 82 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 112 112 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 95 93 Honolulu, HI.......................... 115 109 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 90 97 Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 91 94 Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 98 103 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Transporta- Metropolitan area(1) Production tion and material moving United States......................... 100 100 Amarillo, TX.......................... 88 92 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL................................. 97 105 Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX...... 90 97 Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 94 99 Bloomington, IN....................... 104 100 Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 116 100 Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 108 111 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 80 77 Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 110 101 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC.................................... 108 98 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC... 100 95 Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI.............................. 103 104 Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN.............................. 102 105 Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 101 101 Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 104 99 Corpus Christi, TX.................... 96 91 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 93 100 Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 99 99 Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 100 101 Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 117 104 Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 93 100 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 107 107 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 102 96 Great Falls, MT....................... 83 100 Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 99 103 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 110 98 Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT 109 107 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 104 102 Honolulu, HI.......................... 112 95 Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 98 95 Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 99 96 Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 104 97 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Management, Metropolitan area(1) All business, occupations and financial Iowa City, IA......................... 98 98 Johnstown, PA......................... 88 86 Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 99 93 Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 105 103 Knoxville, TN......................... 90 97 Lincoln, NE........................... 87 78 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA.. 108 108 Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN 96 89 Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 95 96 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL.................................... 97 104 Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 102 99 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 107 102 Mobile, AL............................ 90 98 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 98 94 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 114 120 Ocala, FL............................. 87 84 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 92 97 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL......... 91 89 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 92 81 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 104 103 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ............. 99 105 Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 95 88 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA... 105 101 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA................................. 104 95 Reading, PA........................... 101 104 Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 101 108 Richmond, VA.......................... 98 96 Rochester, NY......................... 101 103 Rockford, IL.......................... 98 88 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 108 104 Salinas, CA........................... 113 108 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX......... 92 91 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 107 105 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 120 108 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Metropolitan area(1) Professional Service and related Iowa City, IA......................... 94 99 Johnstown, PA......................... 85 94 Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 100 96 Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 99 109 Knoxville, TN......................... 98 78 Lincoln, NE........................... 84 91 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA.. 107 111 Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN 96 99 Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 95 88 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL.................................... 89 98 Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 96 99 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 102 115 Mobile, AL............................ 91 90 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 103 90 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 114 114 Ocala, FL............................. 85 88 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 90 95 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL......... 84 93 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 87 94 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 104 101 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ............. 103 98 Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 95 93 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA... 103 110 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA................................. 105 105 Reading, PA........................... 106 97 Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 98 99 Richmond, VA.......................... 96 94 Rochester, NY......................... 101 103 Rockford, IL.......................... 93 101 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 110 111 Salinas, CA........................... 115 123 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX......... 96 92 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 106 115 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 120 126 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Office and Metropolitan area(1) Sales and administra- related tive support Iowa City, IA......................... 98 103 Johnstown, PA......................... 91 90 Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 101 97 Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 107 104 Knoxville, TN......................... 94 90 Lincoln, NE........................... 82 90 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA.. 108 107 Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN 101 98 Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 99 97 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL.................................... 99 99 Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 109 100 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 107 105 Mobile, AL............................ 87 92 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 102 99 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 108 115 Ocala, FL............................. 89 95 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 99 87 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL......... 94 92 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 96 89 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 98 109 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ............. 101 99 Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 94 95 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA... 106 106 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA................................. 103 107 Reading, PA........................... 102 102 Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 103 102 Richmond, VA.......................... 97 102 Rochester, NY......................... 105 100 Rockford, IL.......................... 100 97 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 109 103 Salinas, CA........................... 124 107 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX......... 90 94 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 108 104 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 124 120 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Construction Installation, Metropolitan area(1) and maintenance, extraction and repair Iowa City, IA......................... 118 93 Johnstown, PA......................... 95 78 Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 95 101 Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 107 102 Knoxville, TN......................... 86 92 Lincoln, NE........................... 82 88 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA.. 108 109 Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN 100 92 Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 92 96 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL.................................... 96 98 Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 115 100 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 111 108 Mobile, AL............................ 102 82 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 90 106 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 129 110 Ocala, FL............................. 81 91 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 115 84 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL......... 95 95 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 97 95 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 108 107 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ............. 86 98 Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 95 96 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA... 106 114 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA................................. 114 110 Reading, PA........................... 101 96 Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 98 104 Richmond, VA.......................... 90 102 Rochester, NY......................... 101 96 Rockford, IL.......................... 116 95 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 117 110 Salinas, CA........................... 116 119 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX......... 97 97 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 106 107 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 128 124 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Transporta- Metropolitan area(1) Production tion and material moving Iowa City, IA......................... 98 105 Johnstown, PA......................... 88 86 Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 106 110 Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 96 108 Knoxville, TN......................... 91 94 Lincoln, NE........................... 92 94 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA.. 100 105 Louisville/Jefferson County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN 103 89 Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 93 92 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL.................................... 96 100 Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 108 104 Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 109 114 Mobile, AL............................ 96 103 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 111 104 New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 106 103 Ocala, FL............................. 85 93 Oklahoma City, OK..................... 81 104 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL......... 100 105 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 98 102 Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 99 105 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ............. 95 99 Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 101 97 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA... 104 101 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA................................. 113 104 Reading, PA........................... 102 100 Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 102 101 Richmond, VA.......................... 100 98 Rochester, NY......................... 106 107 Rockford, IL.......................... 99 104 Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 117 108 Salinas, CA........................... 93 109 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX......... 90 91 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 101 102 San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 109 109 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Management, Metropolitan area(1) All business, occupations and financial Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 112 105 Springfield, MA....................... 107 97 Springfield, MO....................... 89 93 St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 100 96 Tallahassee, FL....................... 88 78 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 93 95 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 92 88 Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 99 87 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 109 105 York-Hanover, PA...................... 97 101 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 91 98 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Metropolitan area(1) Professional Service and related Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 109 123 Springfield, MA....................... 110 111 Springfield, MO....................... 85 89 St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 101 97 Tallahassee, FL....................... 82 92 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 88 96 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 92 90 Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 105 107 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 111 106 York-Hanover, PA...................... 100 96 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 89 90 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Office and Metropolitan area(1) Sales and administra- related tive support Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 109 108 Springfield, MA....................... 99 106 Springfield, MO....................... 92 88 St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 99 102 Tallahassee, FL....................... 92 90 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 92 96 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 93 95 Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 102 93 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 109 112 York-Hanover, PA...................... 98 95 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 92 92 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Construction Installation, Metropolitan area(1) and maintenance, extraction and repair Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 115 103 Springfield, MA....................... 114 97 Springfield, MO....................... 83 86 St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 107 111 Tallahassee, FL....................... 97 90 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 93 90 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 87 97 Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 95 99 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 106 112 York-Hanover, PA...................... 101 93 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 90 96 (Continued) (Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group shown = 100.) Transporta- Metropolitan area(1) Production tion and material moving Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 115 117 Springfield, MA....................... 105 106 Springfield, MO....................... 97 92 St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 98 97 Tallahassee, FL....................... 85 92 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 89 93 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC................................. 91 89 Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 103 99 Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 107 105 York-Hanover, PA...................... 103 102 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 100 87 (1) A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, December 2003.