For release: 10:00 A.M. (EDT) USDL-10-0994
THURSDAY, JULY 22, 2010
Technical information:
(202) 691-6199 NCSinfo@bls.gov http://www.bls.gov/ncs
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL PAY COMPARISONS AMONG METROPOLITAN AREAS, 2009
Average pay for civilian workers in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA metropolitan area was
20 percent above the national average in 2009, one of 77 metropolitan areas studied by the National
Compensation Survey (NCS), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today. The Brownsville-Harlingen, TX metropolitan area had a pay relative of 79, meaning workers
earned an average of 79 cents for every dollar earned by workers nationwide. Using data from the NCS,
pay relatives--a means of assessing pay differences--are available for each of the nine major occupational
groups within surveyed metropolitan areas, as well as averaged across all occupations for each area.
The average pay relative nationally for all occupations and for each occupational group equals 100.
(See table 1.)
A pay relative is a calculation of pay--wages, salaries, commissions, and production bonuses--for
a given metropolitan area relative to the nation as a whole. The calculation controls for differences
among areas in occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the fact that
data are collected for areas at different times during the year. Simple pay comparisons calculating the
ratio of the average pay for an area to the entire United States in percentage terms would not control
for interarea differences in occupational composition and other factors, which may impact pay relatives.
Chart 1 above lists selected metropolitan area pay relatives compared to average pay nationally among
those studied in the NCS. Table A provides selected metropolitan area pay relatives for each of nine
major occupational groups. In addition, area-to-area comparisons have been calculated for all 77
metropolitan areas and are available on the BLS website at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/payrel.htm.
Table A. Selected metropolitan area-to-national pay relatives for nine major occupational groups, July 2009
(of 77 metropolitan areas surveyed)
Major Occupational Group Metropolitan Area Pay Relative
Management, business, and financial New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA 117
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 113
Professional and related Salinas, CA 120
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 120
Service San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 125
Salinas, CA 124
Sales and related Salinas, CA 124
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 124
Office and administrative support San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 120
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA 116
Construction and extraction Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI 132
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA 130
Installation, maintenance, and repair Salinas, CA 122
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO 116
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA 116
Production Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV 117
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA 117
Transportation and material moving Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI 115
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA 113
The pay relative for construction and extraction occupations in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan
City, IL-IN-WI area was 132, meaning the pay in the Chicago metropolitan area for that occupational group
averaged 32 percent more than the national average pay for that occupational group. By contrast, the pay
relative for workers in construction and extraction in the Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas area was 67,
meaning pay for workers in those occupations averaged 33 percent less than the national average.
(See table 1.)
Yearly differences in area and occupational group pay relatives do not infer changes in underlying
economic conditions.
TECHNICAL NOTE
Pay relative controls and calculations
Pay relatives control for differences among areas in occupational composition as well as
establishment and occupational characteristics. Metropolitan areas often differ greatly in the
composition of establishments and occupations that are available to the local workforce. For example,
in Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas, the ratio of workers in the high-paying management, business, and
financial occupational group to the number of workers in all occupations is under 6 percent, whereas
nationally this ratio is over 9 percent.1 In addition to these factors, the NCS collects compensation
data for metropolitan areas at different times during the year. Payroll reference dates differ between
areas, which makes direct comparisons between areas difficult.
The pay relative approach controls for these differences to isolate the geographic effect on wages.
To illustrate the importance of controlling for these effects, consider the following example. The
average pay for construction and extraction workers in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI
metropolitan area in 2009 was $32.15 and in the United States, $20.98.2 A simple pay comparison can be
calculated from the ratio of the two average pay levels, multiplied by 100 to express the comparison as
a percentage. The pay comparison in the example is calculated as:
($32.15 ÷ $20.98) × 100 ≅ 153
This comparison does not control for differences between Chicago and the nation in the mix of
occupations, industries, and other factors. A more accurate estimate of the geographic effect of wages
in Chicago can be obtained by taking these differences into account. Controlling for differences in
occupational composition, establishment and occupational characteristics, and the payroll reference date
in Chicago relative to the nation as a whole, the pay relative for construction and extraction occupations
in Chicago is 132.
Survey methodology
Pay relatives were estimated using a multivariate regression technique designed to control for
interarea differences. This technique controls for the following ten characteristics:
- Occupational type
- Industry type
- Work level
- Full-time / part-time status
- Time / incentive status
- Union / nonunion status
- Ownership type
- Profit / non-profit status
- Establishment employment
- Payroll reference date
Even accounting for the characteristics used in the current regression analysis, there is still wage
variation across the areas. The variation is due to differences in wage determinants that were not
included in the model. Examples of these determinants include price levels, environmental amenities such
as a pleasant climate, and cultural amenities.
Historical pay relatives data are available for the survey years 1992-1996, 1998, 2002, 2004-2008.
There are several differences between the recent pay relatives and the pay relatives for earlier years,
including different industry and occupation classification systems, varying methodology, and different
survey designs. These differences limit comparability. The pay relatives since 2004 have been calculated
using the same industry and occupation classification systems, methodology, and survey design.
Nonetheless, comparisons between the estimates for these years should be made only with caution.
For more details on survey design, methodology, classification systems, recent changes in the survey,
and appropriate use and limitations of the data, see BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 8, "National
Compensation Measures," available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch8_a.htm, especially
the major section "Area-to-Nation and Area-to-Area Pay Comparisons."
Obtaining information
Articles, bulletins, and other information from the National Compensation Survey may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-6199, sending email to NCSinfo@bls.gov, or visiting the Internet site
http://www.bls.gov/ncs. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service Number: 1-800-877-8339.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Footnotes
(1) Data for this example are based on the May 2009 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area
Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, on the Internet at
http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
(2) Average pay for construction and extraction workers in Chicago and for the United States are based
on wage estimates published in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI National Compensation
Survey, October 2009 and the National Compensation Survey: Occupational Wages in the United States, 2009,
on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ocs/compub.htm.
Table 1. Pay relatives for major occupational groups in
metropolitan areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2009
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 87 93
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,
GA-AL................................. 100 102
Austin-Round Rock, TX................. 93 92
Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 95 91
Bloomington, IN....................... 91 91
Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 100 95
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 111 104
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 79 89
Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 97 91
Charleston-North
Charleston-Summerville, SC............ 93 92
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC..... 98 103
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI.............................. 107 106
Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington,
OH-KY-IN.............................. 100 99
Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 100 103
Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 100 95
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 89 86
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 99 101
Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 96 100
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 104 101
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 103 95
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 96 99
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 101 98
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 100 93
Great Falls, MT....................... 89 86
Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 96 101
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 95 99
Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT.................................... 110 106
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 94 92
Honolulu, HI.......................... 106 107
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 98 101
Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 98 104
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 84 91
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,
GA-AL................................. 103 95
Austin-Round Rock, TX................. 91 89
Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 101 96
Bloomington, IN....................... 91 88
Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 105 103
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 110 113
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 89 85
Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 90 104
Charleston-North
Charleston-Summerville, SC............ 94 88
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC..... 94 95
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI.............................. 107 107
Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington,
OH-KY-IN.............................. 103 100
Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 99 101
Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 96 103
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 88
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 101 94
Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 94 97
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 100 109
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 104 98
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 91 95
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 95 99
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 98 104
Great Falls, MT....................... 79 97
Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 96 91
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 90 98
Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT.................................... 108 119
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 85 90
Honolulu, HI.......................... 105 116
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 103 87
Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 99 93
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 82 91
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,
GA-AL................................. 97 102
Austin-Round Rock, TX................. 101 94
Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 96 98
Bloomington, IN....................... 85 91
Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 100 97
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 107 113
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 73 77
Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 96 93
Charleston-North
Charleston-Summerville, SC............ 97 95
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC..... 100 99
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI.............................. 103 108
Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington,
OH-KY-IN.............................. 102 100
Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 95 101
Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 102 99
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 93 86
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 107 99
Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 94 92
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 105 105
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 102 101
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 91 94
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 101 103
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 113 100
Great Falls, MT....................... 90 81
Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 98 96
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 90 95
Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT.................................... 108 112
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 93 91
Honolulu, HI.......................... 109 96
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 102 100
Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 100 93
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 86 91
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,
GA-AL................................. 87 97
Austin-Round Rock, TX................. 85 102
Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 84 100
Bloomington, IN....................... 81 83
Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 115 95
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 120 114
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 67 88
Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 111 100
Charleston-North
Charleston-Summerville, SC............ 85 88
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC..... 90 102
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI.............................. 132 109
Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington,
OH-KY-IN.............................. 87 102
Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 107 107
Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 100 108
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 90 99
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 92 96
Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 93 99
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 96 116
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 102 96
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 113 87
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 109 115
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 105 94
Great Falls, MT....................... 102 102
Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 89 90
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 75 87
Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT.................................... 111 107
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 97 93
Honolulu, HI.......................... 113 107
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 91 95
Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 93 91
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production ion and
material
moving
United States......................... 100 100
Amarillo, TX.......................... 88 89
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,
GA-AL................................. 98 105
Austin-Round Rock, TX................. 90 98
Birmingham-Hoover, AL................. 92 101
Bloomington, IN....................... 100 100
Bloomington-Normal, IL................ 107 101
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH.... 106 110
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX............. 75 74
Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY....... 106 97
Charleston-North
Charleston-Summerville, SC............ 103 98
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC..... 101 96
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI.............................. 103 105
Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington,
OH-KY-IN.............................. 101 104
Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH............ 102 99
Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH....... 102 102
Corpus Christi, TX.................... 91 87
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX................. 93 101
Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH..... 101 102
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO............. 109 102
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI.............. 116 106
Elkhart-Goshen, IN.................... 97 104
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO............. 104 108
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI.............. 101 95
Great Falls, MT....................... 91 100
Greensboro-High Point, NC............. 101 102
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC......... 106 100
Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT.................................... 110 107
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC.......... 104 98
Honolulu, HI.......................... 112 95
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX........ 98 95
Huntsville-Decatur, AL................ 101 96
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 94 82
Iowa City, IA......................... 97 97
Johnstown, PA......................... 87 82
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 99 94
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 104 104
Knoxville, TN......................... 88 103
Lincoln, NE........................... 88 81
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside,
CA.................................... 109 109
Louisville/Jefferson
County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg,
KY-IN................................. 94 88
Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 94 95
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,
FL.................................... 97 100
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 100 97
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud,
MN-WI................................. 108 101
Mobile, AL............................ 90 93
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 100 95
New York-Newark-Bridgeport,
NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 114 117
Ocala, FL............................. 89 75
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 92 93
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL................. 91 92
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 92 84
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 105 105
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........... 98 100
Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 95 91
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA... 105 103
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
RI-MA................................. 107 102
Reading, PA........................... 100 102
Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 100 100
Richmond, VA.......................... 98 95
Rochester, NY......................... 100 94
Rockford, IL.......................... 97 89
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 96 94
Iowa City, IA......................... 94 102
Johnstown, PA......................... 83 92
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 99 96
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 98 111
Knoxville, TN......................... 93 80
Lincoln, NE........................... 83 92
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside,
CA.................................... 109 113
Louisville/Jefferson
County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg,
KY-IN................................. 94 96
Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 94 86
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,
FL.................................... 92 100
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 94 98
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud,
MN-WI................................. 103 117
Mobile, AL............................ 92 90
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 103 93
New York-Newark-Bridgeport,
NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 115 114
Ocala, FL............................. 84 90
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 90 92
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL................. 85 92
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 86 96
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 106 103
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........... 103 99
Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 95 94
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA... 100 112
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
RI-MA................................. 108 106
Reading, PA........................... 96 97
Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 99 98
Richmond, VA.......................... 97 97
Rochester, NY......................... 100 105
Rockford, IL.......................... 93 99
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 83 96
Iowa City, IA......................... 96 101
Johnstown, PA......................... 86 89
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 104 99
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 108 99
Knoxville, TN......................... 95 90
Lincoln, NE........................... 82 89
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside,
CA.................................... 112 107
Louisville/Jefferson
County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg,
KY-IN................................. 98 97
Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 103 96
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,
FL.................................... 99 100
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 108 100
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud,
MN-WI................................. 109 105
Mobile, AL............................ 85 91
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 102 98
New York-Newark-Bridgeport,
NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 112 116
Ocala, FL............................. 91 95
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 97 89
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL................. 95 89
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 96 89
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 98 108
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........... 102 99
Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 89 96
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA... 106 106
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
RI-MA................................. 106 106
Reading, PA........................... 104 102
Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 103 102
Richmond, VA.......................... 94 101
Rochester, NY......................... 100 99
Rockford, IL.......................... 101 95
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 94 97
Iowa City, IA......................... 106 92
Johnstown, PA......................... 90 90
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 101 95
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 107 104
Knoxville, TN......................... 81 88
Lincoln, NE........................... 80 90
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside,
CA.................................... 110 113
Louisville/Jefferson
County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg,
KY-IN................................. 93 95
Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 91 98
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,
FL.................................... 95 95
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 107 94
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud,
MN-WI................................. 111 106
Mobile, AL............................ 92 90
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 90 104
New York-Newark-Bridgeport,
NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 130 110
Ocala, FL............................. 80 95
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 104 91
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL................. 93 93
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 96 96
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 105 110
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........... 84 99
Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 92 97
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA... 105 108
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
RI-MA................................. 110 114
Reading, PA........................... 98 96
Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 93 108
Richmond, VA.......................... 85 102
Rochester, NY......................... 99 102
Rockford, IL.......................... 115 96
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production tion and
material
moving
Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN.... 105 95
Iowa City, IA......................... 97 99
Johnstown, PA......................... 88 85
Kansas City, MO-KS.................... 103 102
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA.......... 101 108
Knoxville, TN......................... 87 91
Lincoln, NE........................... 91 100
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside,
CA.................................... 100 105
Louisville/Jefferson
County-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg,
KY-IN................................. 104 88
Memphis, TN-MS-AR..................... 92 93
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,
FL.................................... 95 98
Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI......... 107 107
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud,
MN-WI................................. 110 115
Mobile, AL............................ 99 104
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA....... 111 102
New York-Newark-Bridgeport,
NY-NJ-CT-PA........................... 106 105
Ocala, FL............................. 93 99
Oklahoma City, OK..................... 82 89
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL................. 102 105
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL..... 103 105
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland,
PA-NJ-DE-MD........................... 98 106
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ........... 96 99
Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA............. 101 96
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA... 102 100
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,
RI-MA................................. 110 113
Reading, PA........................... 103 101
Reno-Sparks, NV....................... 104 100
Richmond, VA.......................... 100 102
Rochester, NY......................... 103 100
Rockford, IL.......................... 99 104
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Management,
Metropolitan Area(1) All business,
occupations and
financial
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee,
CA-NV................................. 108 106
Salinas, CA........................... 114 109
San Antonio, TX....................... 92 93
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 108 105
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 120 113
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 110 105
Springfield, MA....................... 110 97
Springfield, MO....................... 90 92
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 102 96
Tallahassee, FL....................... 88 79
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 93 94
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 92 83
Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 99 87
Washington-Baltimore-Northern
Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 108 104
York-Hanover, PA...................... 95 100
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 91 97
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Metropolitan Area(1) Professional Service
and related
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee,
CA-NV................................. 110 111
Salinas, CA........................... 120 124
San Antonio, TX....................... 96 89
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 108 115
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 120 125
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 106 119
Springfield, MA....................... 112 108
Springfield, MO....................... 86 90
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 102 96
Tallahassee, FL....................... 82 93
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 88 97
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 91 94
Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 105 101
Washington-Baltimore-Northern
Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 111 106
York-Hanover, PA...................... 98 95
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 88 93
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Office and
Metropolitan Area(1) Sales and administra-
related tive support
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee,
CA-NV................................. 106 103
Salinas, CA........................... 124 110
San Antonio, TX....................... 89 93
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 102 104
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 124 120
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 112 106
Springfield, MA....................... 106 111
Springfield, MO....................... 92 88
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 100 103
Tallahassee, FL....................... 91 89
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 98 98
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 94 94
Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 101 92
Washington-Baltimore-Northern
Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 109 112
York-Hanover, PA...................... 92 95
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 92 92
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Construction Installation,
Metropolitan Area(1) and maintenance,
extraction and repair
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee,
CA-NV................................. 117 111
Salinas, CA........................... 124 122
San Antonio, TX....................... 96 98
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 111 107
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 127 116
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 111 101
Springfield, MA....................... 116 101
Springfield, MO....................... 82 88
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 113 112
Tallahassee, FL....................... 92 88
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 92 86
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 88 95
Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 90 95
Washington-Baltimore-Northern
Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 101 109
York-Hanover, PA...................... 98 97
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 90 89
(Continued)
(Average pay nationally for all occupations and for each
occupational group shown = 100.)
Transporta-
Metropolitan Area(1) Production tion and
material
moving
Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee,
CA-NV................................. 117 110
Salinas, CA........................... 94 107
San Antonio, TX....................... 96 93
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA..... 101 103
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA.... 111 109
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA............ 117 111
Springfield, MA....................... 108 111
Springfield, MO....................... 96 96
St. Louis, MO-IL...................... 101 105
Tallahassee, FL....................... 88 96
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL... 88 92
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,
VA-NC................................. 90 91
Visalia-Porterville, CA............... 105 104
Washington-Baltimore-Northern
Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV................. 105 106
York-Hanover, PA...................... 98 99
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA..... 93 86
1 A metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area
(MSA) or Combined Statistical Area (CSA) as defined by the
Office of Management and Budget, December 2003.
United States Department of Labor
