Producer Price Index News Release

Producer Price Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 18-0240
8:30 a.m. (EST), Thursday, February 15, 2018

Technical information: (202) 691-7705 * ppi-info@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2018

The Producer Price Index for final demand increased 0.4 percent in January, seasonally adjusted,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Final demand prices were unchanged in
December and moved up 0.4 percent in November. (See table A.) On an unadjusted basis, the
final demand index rose 2.7 percent for the 12 months ended in January.

In January, the rise in the index for final demand is attributable to a 0.3-percent increase in prices
for final demand services and a 0.7-percent advance in the index for final demand goods.

The index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services rose 0.4 percent in January, the
largest advance since increasing 0.5 percent in April 2017. For the 12 months ended in January,
prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services moved up 2.5 percent, the largest
rise since 12-month percent change data were available in August 2014.

Final Demand

Final demand services: Prices for final demand services advanced 0.3 percent in January following
a 0.1-percent decline a month earlier. Nearly two-thirds of the broad-based increase is attributable to
the index for final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, which moved up 0.4
percent. Margins for final demand trade services rose 0.3 percent, and prices for final demand
transportation and warehousing services advanced 0.4 percent. (Trade indexes measure changes in
margins received by wholesalers and retailers.)

Product detail: A major factor in the January increase in prices for final demand services was the
index for hospital outpatient care, which rose 1.0 percent. The indexes for apparel, footwear, and
accessories retailing; health, beauty, and optical goods retailing; residential real estate services
(partial); long-distance motor carrying; and hospital inpatient care also moved higher. In contrast,
margins for chemicals and allied products wholesaling declined 2.3 percent. Prices for wireless
telecommunication services and airline passenger services also fell. (See table 4.)

Final demand goods: The index for final demand goods jumped 0.7 percent in January, the sixth
consecutive increase. Over 80 percent of the January advance can be traced to prices for final
demand energy, which climbed 3.4 percent. The index for final demand goods less foods and energy
rose 0.2 percent. Conversely, prices for final demand foods fell 0.2 percent.

Product detail: Nearly half of the January increase in the index for final demand goods is attributable
to prices for gasoline, which climbed 7.1 percent. The indexes for residential electric power, iron and
steel scrap, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and fresh and dry vegetables also moved higher. In contrast, prices
for chicken eggs fell 38.9 percent. The indexes for residential natural gas and for power cranes,
draglines, and shovels also declined.

Table A. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted
Month	Total final demand	Final demand less foods, energy, and trade	Final demand goods				Final demand services				Change in final demand from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Change in final demand less foods, energy, and trade from 12 mo. ago (unadj.)
Month	Total final demand	Final demand less foods, energy, and trade	Total	Foods	Energy	Less foods and energy	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other	Change in final demand from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2017
Jan.	0.5	0.2	0.9	0.2	3.8	0.4	0.4	0.9	-0.3	0.2	1.7	1.7
Feb.	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.7	-0.2	0.2	-0.3	-1.1	0.2	0.1	2.0	1.8
Mar.	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	-1.4	0.4	0.2	0.6	-1.0	0.1	2.2	1.8
Apr.	0.4	0.5	0.5	1.3	0.0	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.9	0.5	2.5	2.0
May	0.1	0.1	-0.5	-0.8	-2.0	-0.1	0.4	0.8	0.2	0.2	2.3	2.1
June	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.2	1.9	2.1
July	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.4	0.2	2.0	2.0
Aug.	0.3	0.1	0.5	-0.7	3.1	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.0	2.4	1.9
Sept.	0.3	0.2	0.6	-0.1	2.9	0.2	0.2	-0.2	1.3	0.1	2.6	2.1
Oct.	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.3	0.5	1.2	0.7	0.3	2.8	2.3
Nov.	0.4	0.3	0.9	0.4	3.6	0.3	0.2	-0.3	0.5	0.3	3.1	2.4
Dec.	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.5	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.6	0.2	2.6	2.3
2018
Jan.	0.4	0.4	0.7	-0.2	3.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	2.7	2.5
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2017. In addition, indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Within intermediate demand in January, prices for processed goods increased 0.7 percent, the index
for unprocessed goods advanced 0.9 percent, and prices for services edged up 0.1 percent. (See tables
B and C.)

Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate
demand climbed 0.7 percent in January, the sixth straight rise. Seventy percent of the January
advance is attributable to a 2.5-percent increase in prices for processed energy goods. The index for
processed materials less foods and energy also moved higher, rising 0.3 percent. Conversely, prices
for processed foods and feeds moved down 0.3 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, the
index for processed goods for intermediate demand advanced 4.6 percent.

Product detail: A major factor in the January increase in prices for processed goods for intermediate
demand was the index for diesel fuel, which rose 5.1 percent. Prices for gasoline, commercial electric
power, jet fuel, primary nonferrous metals, and copper and brass mill shapes also moved higher. In
contrast, the processed eggs index fell 13.2 percent. Prices for utility natural gas and ethanol also
declined. (See table 5.)

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: The index for unprocessed goods for intermediate
demand increased 0.9 percent in January, the third straight advance. Most of the January rise can be
attributed to the index for unprocessed nonfood materials less energy, which climbed 3.8 percent.
The index for unprocessed energy materials advanced 0.5 percent. Conversely, prices for
unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs declined 0.8 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, the
index for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand climbed 2.5 percent.

Product detail: A major factor in the January increase in the index for unprocessed goods for
intermediate demand was prices for iron and steel scrap, which jumped 12.9 percent. The indexes for
crude petroleum, slaughter barrows and gilts, slaughter chickens, corn, and nonferrous scrap also
moved higher. In contrast, prices for slaughter cattle fell 4.9 percent. The indexes for natural gas and
wastepaper also moved lower.

Table B. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for goods by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month	Processed goods for intermediate demand					Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
Month	Total	Foods and feeds	Energy goods	Less foods and energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Total	Foodstuffs and feedstuffs	Energy materials	Nonfood materials less energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2017
Jan.	1.0	0.2	4.6	0.3	4.0	3.6	1.5	6.5	3.3	17.4
Feb.	0.5	0.4	0.0	0.7	5.4	-0.1	2.5	-4.0	1.0	19.2
Mar.	0.0	0.3	-2.2	0.4	5.3	-3.7	-1.2	-11.0	2.1	13.4
Apr.	0.5	-0.3	1.3	0.4	5.4	2.0	-0.8	7.7	-0.6	12.8
May	0.0	0.5	-0.2	-0.1	4.6	-1.1	1.4	-4.1	-0.7	8.5
June	0.2	0.7	0.3	0.1	3.8	0.0	0.8	-1.4	0.6	5.8
July	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	3.6	0.3	0.6	-0.8	0.8	6.0
Aug.	0.5	-0.3	1.4	0.4	4.1	-0.7	-3.6	1.3	1.3	7.0
Sept.	0.6	-0.8	2.5	0.3	4.5	0.5	-1.0	1.4	1.4	7.7
Oct.	0.7	0.4	2.1	0.5	5.0	-0.3	0.4	1.4	-3.6	7.7
Nov.	0.5	0.3	1.5	0.3	5.3	3.0	2.2	5.6	0.9	10.6
Dec.	0.5	-0.2	0.9	0.4	5.1	1.9	0.1	4.4	1.4	5.2
2018
Jan.	0.7	-0.3	2.5	0.3	4.6	0.9	-0.8	0.5	3.8	2.5
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2017. In addition, indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Services for intermediate demand: Prices for services for intermediate demand inched up 0.1 
percent in January following no change in December. Leading the increase, the index for 
services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand advanced 0.1 
percent. Prices for transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand rose 0.3 
percent. Conversely, margins for trade services for intermediate demand declined 0.3 percent. 
For the 12 months ended in January, the index for services for intermediate demand climbed 2.9 
percent. 

Product detail: A 2.7-percent increase in the index for business loans (partial) was a leading 
factor in the January rise in prices for services for intermediate demand. The indexes for 
securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services; network compensation 
from broadcast and cable television; paper and plastics products wholesaling; and long-distance 
motor carrying also moved higher. In contrast, margins for chemicals and allied products 
wholesaling fell 2.3 percent. The indexes for machinery and equipment parts and supplies 
wholesaling, internet advertising (sold by non-print publishers), and airline passenger services 
also decreased.

Table C. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for services by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month	Services for intermediate demand
Month	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2017
Jan.	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	1.7
Feb.	0.3	1.1	0.3	0.2	2.1
Mar.	0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.0	2.0
Apr.	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.4	2.5
May	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	2.7
June	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.5	2.8
July	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	2.2
Aug.	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	2.8
Sept.	0.2	-0.3	0.7	0.1	2.8
Oct.	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	2.9
Nov.	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.4	3.2
Dec.	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1	2.9
2018
Jan.	0.1	-0.3	0.3	0.1	2.9
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2017. In addition, indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 4 intermediate demand advanced 0.3 percent in
January after no change in December. In January, the index for total goods inputs to stage 4
intermediate demand climbed 0.7 percent, while prices for total services inputs were unchanged. (See
table D.) Increases in the indexes for diesel fuel, gasoline, commercial electric power, business loans
(partial), legal services, and paper and plastics products wholesaling outweighed declines in the
indexes for machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling, chemicals and allied products
wholesaling, and prepared poultry. (See table 6.) For the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage
4 intermediate demand moved up 3.1 percent.

Stage 3 intermediate demand: The index for stage 3 intermediate demand rose 0.4 percent in
January, the sixth straight advance. In January, prices for total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate
demand increased 0.8 percent. The index for total services inputs was unchanged. Higher prices for
gasoline, jet fuel, slaughter barrows and gilts, slaughter chickens, diesel fuel, and business loans
(partial) outweighed decreases in the indexes for raw milk, slaughter cattle, and chemicals and allied
products wholesaling. For the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage 3 intermediate demand
climbed 4.1 percent.

Stage 2 intermediate demand: The index for stage 2 intermediate demand increased 0.5 percent in
January, the seventh consecutive rise. In January, prices for total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate
demand moved up 0.5 percent, and the index for total services inputs advanced 0.3 percent. Higher
prices for crude petroleum; network compensation from broadcast and cable television; legal
services; securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services; commissions from
sales of insurance; and liquefied petroleum gas outweighed declines in the indexes for natural gas,
thermoplastic resins and plastics materials, and cable network advertising time sales. For the 12
months ended in January, prices for stage 2 intermediate demand rose 3.0 percent.

Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand advanced 0.9 percent in
January, the eighth straight increase. In January, the index for total goods inputs to stage 1
intermediate demand jumped 1.7 percent. In contrast, prices for total services inputs fell 0.2 percent.
Rising prices for iron and steel scrap, diesel fuel, business loans (partial), gasoline, nonferrous scrap,
and crude petroleum outweighed declines in the indexes for deposit services (partial), primary basic
organic chemicals, and natural gas. For the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage 1
intermediate demand moved up 5.6 percent.

Table D. Monthly percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes by production flow, seasonally adjusted
Month	Stage 4 intermediate demand			Stage 3 intermediate demand			Stage 2 intermediate demand			Stage 1 intermediate demand
Month	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs
2017
Jan.	0.5	0.6	0.2	1.0	1.7	0.1	1.2	2.4	0.4	0.9	1.9	-0.1
Feb.	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.0	-0.3	0.2	0.6	0.8	0.3
Mar.	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-1.6	-3.5	0.1	0.2	0.5	-0.1
Apr.	0.5	0.4	0.7	-0.1	-0.4	0.4	1.4	2.6	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.6
May	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.4	-1.1	0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2
June	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0	-0.6	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.4
July	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.1
Aug.	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.7	1.1	0.2
Sept.	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.2	0.6	1.3	0.2	0.6	1.0	0.2
Oct.	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.6
Nov.	0.5	0.4	0.6	1.2	1.7	0.6	1.1	2.0	0.4	0.7	0.8	0.5
Dec.	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.4	0.9	0.1	0.8	1.7	0.1	0.6	1.2	-0.2
2018
Jan.	0.3	0.7	0.0	0.4	0.8	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.9	1.7	-0.2
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2017. In addition, indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

________________
The Producer Price Index for February 2018 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, 
March 14, 2018 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).


                                               *****

                                       Resampling of Industries

Effective with the release of data for January 2018, the Producer Price Index (PPI) includes data for 
31 resampled industries classified according to the 2017 North American Industry Classification 
System (NAICS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics periodically updates the sample of producers 
providing data for the PPI to reflect current conditions more accurately when the structure, 
membership, technology, or product mix of an industry shifts. The first results of this systematic 
process were published in July 1986. Subsequent efforts have been completed at regular intervals.  

For information on index additions, deletions, and recodes effective January 2018, see the current 
issue of the PPI Detailed Report online at www.bls.gov/ppi/ppidr201801.pdf, or contact the PPI's 
Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705.

NAICS
Code                    Industry
213115        Support activities for nonmetallic minerals (except fuels) mining 
311212        Rice milling
311213        Malt manufacturing
322219        Other paperboard container manufacturing
325193        Ethyl alcohol manufacturing
325510        Paint and coating manufacturing
325520        Adhesive manufacturing
326122        Plastics pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
326130        Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape manufacturing
326191        Plastics plumbing fixture manufacturing
326299        All other rubber product manufacturing
331110        Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
331210        Iron and steel pipe and tube manufacturing from purchased steel
331221        Rolled steel shape manufacturing
331222        Steel wire drawing
331313        Alumina refining and primary aluminum production
332114        Custom roll forming
332215        Metal cookware, cutlery, and flatware manufacturing
332618        Other fabricated wire product manufacturing
332722        Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, and washer manufacturing
333924        Industrial truck, trailer, and stacker manufacturing
334517        Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
335911        Storage battery manufacturing
444220        Nursery, garden, and farm supply stores
492110        Couriers and express delivery services
524113        Direct life insurance carriers
524210        Insurance agencies and brokerages
531311        Residential property managers
531312        Nonresidential property managers
541211        Offices of certified public accountants
622110        General medical and surgical hospitals


                                               *****

                             Recalculation of Seasonal Adjustment Factors

Effective with this release, seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect price-movement 
patterns during 2017 for the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand (FD-ID) System and commodity-
grouping indexes. This routine annual recalculation may affect previously published seasonally adjusted 
indexes and percent changes for January 2013 through December 2017. 

Revised seasonally adjusted data for this period, as well as seasonal adjustment factors for directly 
adjusted commodity indexes to be used through December 2018, were released February 13, 2018. To 
obtain this information, contact the Division of Industrial Prices and Price Indexes, Section of Index 
Analysis and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705, or visit the Producer Price Index 
homepage at www.bls.gov/ppi.

Tables E and F below provide monthly seasonally adjusted percent changes for major FD-ID system 
indexes in 2017, based on former and recalculated seasonal factors. These percent changes include final 
price data through August 2017 and may differ from values shown in tables A through D of this release, 
which include final price data through September 2017.

Table E.  Over-the-month percent changes in major final demand indexes, seasonally adjusted, using former 
and recalculated seasonal factors for 2017

               Final           Final demand       Final demand      Final demand less foods,
               demand             goods             services       energy, and trade services
Month      Former  Recalc.    Former  Recalc.    Former  Recalc.       Former   Recalc.
January      0.6     0.5        1.0     0.9        0.4     0.4           0.1      0.2
February      .0     -.1         .4      .2        -.3     -.3            .3       .1
March         .0      .1        -.1      .1         .2      .2            .0       .1
April         .5      .4         .5      .5         .5      .4            .6       .5
May           .0      .1        -.5     -.5         .3      .4            .0       .1
June          .0      .1        -.1      .0         .1      .1            .2       .2
July          .1      .1        -.1      .0         .1      .1            .1       .1
August        .4      .3         .6      .5         .2      .2            .1       .1
September     .3      .3         .6      .5         .2      .2            .2       .2
October       .4      .5         .3      .3         .5      .5            .2       .3
November      .4      .4        1.0      .9         .2      .2            .4       .3
December     -.1      .0         .0      .1        -.2     -.1            .1       .1
 

Table F.  Over-the-month percent changes in major intermediate demand indexes, seasonally adjusted, 
using former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2017

            Processed goods for       Unprocessed goods for          Services for
            intermediate demand        intermediate demand        intermediate demand
Month      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated
January      1.2         1.0            3.8         3.6            0.4         0.2
February      .7          .5            -.1         -.1             .4          .3
March        -.3          .0           -3.4        -3.7             .0          .1
April         .5          .5            1.6         2.0             .5          .5
May          -.1          .0           -1.0        -1.1             .0          .2
June          .1          .2             .1          .0             .5          .3
July         -.1         -.1             .7          .3            -.1          .1
August        .5          .5           -1.2         -.7             .4          .2
September     .5          .4            -.5         -.2            -.2          .1
October      1.0          .9             .0          .4             .3          .4
November      .5          .5            3.2         3.0             .7          .5
December      .5          .5            2.1         1.9            -.1          .0




                                                  *****

                                            PPI Weights Updated
 
With the release of January 2018 Producer Price Index (PPI) data on February 15, 2018, the Bureau 
of Labor Statistics updated PPI value weights to more accurately reflect recent production and 
marketing patterns. The updated weights are based on shipment values from the year 2012. These 
value weights come from the Census of Manufactures, the Census of Mining, the Census of Services, 
and the Census of Agriculture. PPI weights were based on 2007 Census shipment values from 
January 2012 through December 2017.
 
All PPIs were affected by this weight update, including all the industry net output indexes, as well as 
indexes for traditional commodity groupings. In addition, weights were updated from the 2007 to the 
2012 Census for all Final demand-Intermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, durability of product 
indexes, special commodity-grouping indexes, and inputs to industry indexes. This weight revision 
did not result in changes to the arithmetic reference base for indexes, the dates when PPIs are set to 
100.
 
It is important to note that the basic structures of the PPI commodity and FD-ID classification 
systems did not change as a result of the weight revision. However, PPIs classified according to the 
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) were updated to reflect 2017 NAICS 
definitions established by the U.S. Census Bureau. The weight update also resulted in shifting 
relative importance values. These shifts impacted aggregate indexes in a manner commensurate with 
the relative gains and losses in value weights from 2007 to 2012.
 
In addition, PPI sample updates normally occurring with the release of October and February data 
were combined and released in conjunction with this weight update. Commodity and FD-ID relative 
importance figures for December 2017 were released on February 13, 2018, two business days prior 
to the release of January 2018 PPI data. This information is available on the PPI website at 
www.bls.gov/ppi or by contacting the PPI Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at ppi-
info@bls.gov or (202)691-7705. 

                                                 *****

Technical Note

Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes

The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of
indexes that measures the average change over time in prices received (price changes) by
producers for domestically produced goods, services, and construction. PPIs measure
price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures,
such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change from the purchaser's
perspective.

More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each
month. PPIs are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and
manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been introduced for products of
industries in the services and construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January
2018, the PPI covered 71 percent of services as measured by 2012 Census revenue, and
31 percent of construction.

More than 100,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs:
(1) Final demand-Intermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and (3)
indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The FD-ID structure
organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of
production. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or
product type. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes
for the net output of industries and their products.

Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Indexes

The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for goods, services, and construction
sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-
of-processing (SOP) system as PPI's primary aggregation model with the release of data
for January 2014. The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP system through
the addition of services, construction, exports, and government purchases.

Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the PPI for final demand goods
includes nearly a 50 percent expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the
addition of government purchases and exports. For overall final demand, expansion to
include final demand services represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December
2017, final demand goods were about 33 percent of overall final demand, final demand
services were roughly 65.5 percent, and final demand construction was about 1.5 percent
of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of services for intermediate demand
resulted in about a 45 percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand portion of
the economy.

FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based producer output price indexes.
Commodities are allocated to aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer. The
main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the "Use of commodities by
industries, before redefinition," table from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the
U.S. In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different types of buyers. As a
result, commodities are often included in several FD-ID indexes. For example, regular
gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use.
The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104),
reflecting sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all aggregations
regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to
government, or to businesses. Proportions based on BEA "Use of Commodities" data are
used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight of gasoline to each use
category. In cases when buyer type is an important price determining characteristic,
indexes are created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the PPI category
for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were
constructed. For more information relating to the FD-ID structure, see "A new,
experimental system of indexes from the PPI program" in the February 2011 Monthly Labor
Review.

Final Demand: The final demand portion of the FD-ID structure measures price change for
commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export.
The system is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods; final demand trade
services; final demand transportation and warehousing services; final demand services
less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final demand construction; and overall final
demand.

The final demand goods index measures price change for both unprocessed and processed
goods sold to final demand. Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for
capital investment are examples of transactions included in the final demand goods price
index. The final demand trade services index measures price change for the retailing and
wholesaling of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without transformation. (Trade
indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final
demand transportation and warehousing services index tracks price change for
transportation of passengers, as well as, transportation of cargo sold to final demand,
and also includes prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final demand. The
final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price
change for all services other than trade and transportation sold to final demand.
Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of these services. The final
demand construction index tracks price change for new construction, as well as
maintenance and repair construction sold to final demand. Construction of office
buildings is an example of a commodity that would be included in the final demand
construction index. Lastly, the overall final demand index tracks price change for all
types of commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final demand component
indexes described above.

Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of the FD-ID system tracks price
change for goods, services, and construction products sold to businesses as inputs to
production, excluding capital investment. The system includes two parallel treatments of
intermediate demand. The first treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by
type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities into production stages, with
the explicit goal of developing a forward-flow model of production and price change.

The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system organizes commodities
by similarity of product. The system is composed of six main price indexes: unprocessed
goods for intermediate demand; processed goods for intermediate demand; intermediate
demand trade services; intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services;
intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; and
intermediate demand construction.

The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price index measures price change for
goods sold to businesses as inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication.
Crude petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed good sold to
intermediate demand. The processed goods for intermediate demand index tracks price
change for fabricated goods sold as business inputs. Examples include car parts sold to
car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies. The index for trade services
for intermediate demand measures price change for the services of retailing and
wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production. The intermediate
demand transportation and warehousing services index measures price change for business
travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of cargo sold to intermediate demand.
The intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index
measures price change for services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing sold
as inputs to production. Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are
examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade, transportation, and
warehousing. Finally, the construction for intermediate demand index measures price
change for construction purchased by firms as inputs to production. The index for
construction for intermediate demand tracks price change for maintenance and repair
construction purchased by firms.

The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is a stage-based system of price
indexes. These indexes can be used to study price transmission across stages of
production and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that maximizes
forward flow of production between stages, while minimizing back-flow of production. The
production flow treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand stage 1,
intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand stage 3, and intermediate demand stage
4.

Indexes for the four stages were developed by first assigning each industry in the
economy to one of four stages of production, where industries assigned to the fourth
stage primarily produce output consumed as final demand, industries in the third stage
primarily produce output consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the
second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3 industries, and industries
assigned to the first stage produce output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries. The
four indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by industries in each of the
four stages of production. The stage 4 intermediate demand index, for example, tracks
price change for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included in the fourth
stage of production. Hence, the index tracks price change in inputs to industries that
primarily produce final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily produce
commodities sold to final demand).

Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries in stage 4 include the
manufacture of light trucks and utility vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals.
Retail trade, food service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of heavily
weighted service industries included in stage 4. Stage 4 also includes all new
construction industries. Examples of goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor
vehicle parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction products, biological
products, and beef and veal. Engineering services, machinery and equipment wholesaling,
long distance motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of services consumed
by stage 4 industries.

Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries included in stage 3 are motor
vehicle parts manufacturing, animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and
semiconductor manufacturing. Services industries classified in stage 3 include wholesale
trade; insurance carriers; architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels
and motels. Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries include slaughter steers
and heifers, industrial electric power, and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural
shapes. Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include commissions from sales
of property and casualty insurance, business loans, temporary help services, and
administrative and general management consulting services.

Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission, and distribution; natural
gas distribution; cattle ranching and farming; and plastic materials and resin
manufacturing are among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2. Services
industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include management of companies and
enterprises; non-depository credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and
services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly purchased by stage 2 industries
include crude oil, natural gas, formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals.
Services that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2 index are legal
services, business loans, and cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication.

Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas extraction, paper mills, and
grain farming. Real estate, legal services, and advertising services are examples of
highly weighted services industries included in stage 1. Examples of goods consumed by
stage 1 industries are commercial and industrial electric power and gasoline. Services
commonly consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection, chemicals and
allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or unit rental. It should be noted that all
inputs purchased by stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within stage 1
or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less useful for price transmission
analysis. For additional information on industry stage assignments, see
https://www.bls.gov/ppi/industryflowstage.htm.

Comparing the PPI with CPI

Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential indicator of the Consumer
Price Index (CPI), there are many reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope
of the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all marketable output sold by
domestic producers for households. The scope of the CPI includes goods and services
provided by business or government, where explicit user charges are paid by consumers.
For example, the most heavily weighted item in the CPI, owners' equivalent rent, is
excluded from the PPI. The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes imports.
The CPI only includes components of personal consumption directly paid for by the
consumers, while the PPI includes components of personal consumption that may not be paid
for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical services paid for by third
parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes,
since they do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other taxes paid by
consumers are part of household expenditure and are included in the CPI. Additional
technical differences between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see "Comparing
new final demand producer price indexes with other Government price indexes," Monthly
Labor Review, January 2014, at https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/.

Commodity Indexes

The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods, services, and construction by
similarity of product or end use, disregarding industry of origin. With the release of
data for July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include indexes for services
and construction products. Prior to this date, the PPI commodity structure only included
products from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data
for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major groupings,
subgroups, product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items.

Industry Net-Output Price Indexes

PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Prior to the release of January
2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic
time series organized by industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity.
Table 11 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry
groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes),
products (9-digit codes), more detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some
industries, indexes for other sources of revenue.

Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories. Every industry has
primary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified
in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that
industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products
make up a plurality of its total shipment value. In addition, most industries have
secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments for
products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries have miscellaneous receipts
indexes that track price changes for other sources of revenue received by establishments
within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products; for example,
resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing
plant.

Data Collection

PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes,
selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to
size. Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by probability proportionate
to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction
prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices submitted
by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day
of the month. The survey is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection
Facility (IDCF).

Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS
employees are allowed access to individual company price reports. BLS publishes price
indexes instead of actual prices. All PPIs are subject to revision 4 months after
original publication to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by
respondents.

BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect
current conditions when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an
industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms.
Information on these resampling efforts are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI
Detailed Report in the months they occur.

As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than
mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of service and construction sector
industries have been introduced into the PPI. The following list of industries
introduced since the mid-1990s includes the month and year in which an article describing
the industry's content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report.

PPI
Detailed
Report
Title Code Issue

SIC
Wireless telecommunications...................................4812 July 1999
Telephone communications, except radio telephone..............4813 July 1995
Television broadcasting.......................................4833 July 2002
Grocery stores................................................5411 July 2000
Meat and fish (seafood) markets...............................5421 July 2000
Fruit and vegetable markets...................................5431 July 2000
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores..........................5441 July 2000
Retail bakeries...............................................5461 July 2000
Miscellaneous food stores.....................................5499 July 2000
New car dealers...............................................5511 July 2000
Gasoline service stations.....................................5541 January 2002
Boat dealers..................................................5551 January 2002
Recreational vehicle dealers..................................5561 January 2002
Miscellaneous retail..........................................59 January 2001
Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers.............6211 January 2001
Investment advice.............................................6282 January 2003
Life insurance carriers.......................................6311 January 1999
Property and casualty insurance...............................6331 July 1998
Insurance agencies and brokerages.............................6412 January 2003
Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings.............6512 January 1996
Real estate agents and managers...............................6531 January 1996
Prepackaged software..........................................7372 January 1998
Data processing services......................................7374 January 2002
Home health care services.....................................8082 January 1997
Legal services................................................8111 January 1997
Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services.........8711 January 1997
Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services.......8712 January 1997
Premiums for property and casualty insurance..................9331 July 1998

NAICS
New industrial building construction..........................236211 January 2008
New warehouse building construction...........................236221 July 2005
New school construction.......................................236222 July 2006
New office construction.......................................236223 January 2007
New health care building construction.........................236224 January 2013
Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work............23811X July 2008
Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work.............23816X July 2008
Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work..........23821X July 2008
Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work.....23822X July 2008
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods...........................423 July 2005
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods........................424 July 2005
Wholesale trade agents and brokers............................425120 July 2005
Furniture and home furnishings stores.........................442 January 2004
Electronics and appliance stores..............................443 January 2004
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers...444 January 2004
Clothing and clothing accessories stores......................448 January 2004
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.................451 January 2004
General merchandise stores....................................452 January 2004
Miscellaneous store retailers.................................453 January 2004
Internet service providers....................................518111 July 2005
Internet publishing and web search portals....................519130 January 2010
Commercial banking............................................522110 January 2005
Savings institutions..........................................522120 January 2005
Direct health and medical insurance carriers..................524114 July 2004
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment
rental and leasing............................................532412 January 2005
Management consulting services................................541610 January 2007
Security guards and patrol services...........................561612 July 2005
Computer training.............................................611420 July 2007
Offices of dentists...........................................621210 January 2011
Blood and organ banks.........................................621991 January 2007
Amusement and theme parks.....................................713110 July 2006
Golf courses and country clubs................................713910 July 2006
Fitness and recreational sports centers.......................713940 July 2005
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance...................811310 July 2007

Weights

Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as, weights for
commodity-based aggregate indexes calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID
indexes, currently reflect 2012 values of shipments as reported in the Census of
Manufactures and other sources. From January 2012 to December 2017, PPI weights were
derived from 2007 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under the 2017
NAICS structure utilizing 2012 value of shipment weights and 2007 net output ratios.
The periodic update of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more
accurately reflect changes in production and marketing patterns in the economy.

Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output
values refer to the value of shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers
outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes are based on gross shipment
values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As
a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is
composed of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple
counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by commodity
type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes, final demand
FD-ID indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes consistently
correct for this at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are
more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price trends.

Price Index Reference Base

Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including
most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 =
100. From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 =
100. Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter
any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See "Calculating Index
Changes," below.) The 1982 reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base
later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products. The FD-
ID indexes typically have a reference base of November 2009 = 100.

For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer
Price Index, see chapter 14, "Producer Prices," in the BLS Handbook of Methods. This
chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm.

Calculating Index Changes

Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0. An
increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index,
for example, is shown as 105.5. This change also can be expressed in dollars, as
follows: prices received by domestic producers of a sample of final demand goods have
risen from $100 in November 2009 to $105.50. Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would
indicate that prices received by producers of final demand goods are 10 percent lower
than they were in November 2009.

Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent
changes, rather than as changes in index points. Index point changes are affected by the
level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not. The
following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes.

Index point change
Final Demand Goods Price Index 107.5
Less previous index 104.0
Equals index point change 3.5

Index percent change
Index point change 3.5
Divided by the previous index 104.0
Equals 0.034
Result multiplied by 100 0.034 x 100
Equals percent change 3.4

Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each month. Seasonally adjusted data are
preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data eliminate
the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same
magnitude, every year-such as price movements resulting from normal weather patterns,
regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts, and
holidays. For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying
trends. Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who need information that can
be related to actual dollar values of transactions. Individuals requiring this
information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts,
contract specialists, and commodity traders. It is the unadjusted data that are
generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real
estate leases. For more information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties,
on the Web at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/ppiescalation.htm.

Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13 ARIMA, a software package published by
the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is
reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net output indexes are not
seasonally adjusted. For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new
seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from the prior 5 years.
Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years of seasonal data.

Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative
method. Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal
adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does
the aggregative method. However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield
figures that possess additive consistency. Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad
category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally
adjusted indexes for its components. Seasonal movements for FD-ID indexes are derived
indirectly through an aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of
subproduct class (six-digit) series.

Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and
predictable price patterns abruptly change. If the new pattern persists, the seasonal
adjustment method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting, however,
seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome. This problem occurs
relatively infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often affected
manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.

Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods
to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors. With this technique, outlier values that
may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying the standard
seasonal factor estimation procedure. For example, a possible economic cause for large
price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the Persian Gulf War. In
this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally adjusted
data. On the whole, very few series have required intervention. Out of almost 400
seasonally adjusted series, only 42 were subject to intervention in 2018.

For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see "Summary of Changes
to the PPI's Seasonal Adjustment Methodology" in the January 1995 issue of Producer Price
Indexes, and "PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment: an Update" in the July 2010 Monthly Labor
Review.

Producer Price Index Data on the Internet

In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to
both a World Wide Web (WWW) site and a file transfer protocol (FTP) site. During the
years following the introduction of PPI Internet services, use of these sites eclipsed
more traditional methods of data dissemination, such as subscriptions to the PPI Detailed
Report. There were more than 4 million instances of PPI data and tables being downloaded
from the BLS website during the 12 months ended December 31, 2017.

Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site

PPI data can be obtained from the WWW address (www.bls.gov/ppi). On this page, under
the tab labeled "Featured PPI databases" links provide the following methods of data
retrieval:

Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry Data and Commodity Data that
allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level
aggregate and other commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index
and the FD-ID indexes (for example, Final Demand). Within each list, any one-or all-of
the time series shown can be selected. A user can modify the date range and output
options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data output table.

One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query applications
for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI
coding structure. These applications guide a user through the PPI classification by
listing index titles and do not require knowledge of commodity or industry codes. Data
retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists
provided. Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user's
browser capability. The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a single
screen to guide a user through the available time series data. The second option is a
multiple-screen, non-Java-based application. Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI
coding structure and select multiple series. Users can modify the date range and output
options after executing the query using the reformat button above the data output table.

Series Report is a form-based application that allows users to input multiple,
formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in
extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options. This
application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar with the format
of PPI time series identifiers. There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique
PPI time series identifiers: WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND. Each provides the user access to a
different PPI database. Adding either a "u" (not seasonally adjusted) or an "s"
(seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data
needed. Examples are provided below.

For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers combine a "wpu" prefix (not
seasonally adjusted) or a "wps" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.

Commodity code Provides data for:
wps141101 Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
wpu141101 Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted
wpufd4 Final demand, not seasonally adjusted
wpsid63 Services for intermediate demand, seasonally adjusted

For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a "wdu" prefix (not
seasonally adjusted) or a "wds" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.

Commodity code Provides data for:
wds019 Other farm products, seasonally adjusted
wdu0635 Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted
wdusi138011 Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted

Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers
that begin with the prefix "pcu." After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6-digit
industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying
product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes.

Industry-product code,
current NAICS series Provides data for:
pcu325---325--- Chemical manufacturing
pcu336110336110 Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing
pcu621111621111411 Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and
single-specialty group practices, general/family practice

Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a "pdu" prefix and "#"
between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code. Series identifiers for the
discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC
industry group code of fewer than four digits. (All PPI industry-based indexes organized
by SIC were discontinued with the introduction of NAICS in 2004.)

Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series Provides data for:
pdu28_ _# Chemicals and allied products
pdu331_# Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills
pdu3711#111 Passenger cars

Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have
identifiers that begin with the prefix "ndu." After the prefix, there are 12 numeric
digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric
characters that identify product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-
level group codes.

Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series Provides data for
ndu212231212231 Lead and zinc ore mining
ndu2122312122312 Lead, zinc concentrates
ndu212231212231214 Lead concentrates

Text Files are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time
series data or other PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor tables and
relative importance tables. The text files can be accessed at https://download.bls.gov/ or
directly from links on the "PPI Databases" page or the PPI homepage. Data and
documentation available for download include the following:

Directory:
Industry Data /pub/time.series/pc
Industry Data - Discontinued
(NAICS basis) /pub/time.series/nd
(SIC basis) /pub/time.series/pd
Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID) /pub/time.series/wp
Commodity Data - Discontinued /pub/time.series/wd
Special requests /pub/special.requests/ppi

Additional information

The PPI homepage (https://www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI
data and methodology. The top section of the homepage provides PPI news releases, both
current and archived, as well as general PPI information. The "PPI Tables" section found
beneath the statistics section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables.
The remaining sections offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI
methodology and applications.

For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data
availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and Public
Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov.

Table 1. Producer price indexes and percent changes for final demand(1) [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Sept. 2017(3)	Dec. 2017(3)	Jan. 2018(3)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Final demand		100.000	113.5	113.9	114.6	2.7	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.4
Final demand goods		33.013	112.0	112.5	113.3	3.3	0.7	0.9	0.1	0.7
Final demand foods		5.723	116.6	116.3	116.0	1.8	-0.3	0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Finished consumer foods(4)	00/82	4.605	207.6	207.3	206.4	1.9	-0.4	0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Finished consumer foods, crude	00/82	0.482	203.0	220.4	212.2	19.5	-3.7	3.1	-0.9	-4.1
Finished consumer foods, processed	00/82	4.123	208.3	206.2	206.1	0.5	0.0	0.2	-0.3	0.1
Government purchased foods		0.344	121.6	119.0	118.8	0.9	-0.2	0.5	-0.9	0.3
Foods for export		0.774	110.2	110.0	111.0	1.6	0.9	0.5	-0.9	0.8
Final demand energy		5.576	104.3	103.4	105.7	9.2	2.2	3.6	0.5	3.4
Finished consumer energy goods(4)	00/82	4.553	167.1	163.7	167.2	7.4	2.1	4.0	-0.2	3.3
Government purchased energy		0.783	101.6	104.5	107.2	15.9	2.6	2.0	2.6	3.9
Energy for export		0.240	87.1	95.4	97.6	22.5	2.3	3.5	4.6	4.1
Final demand goods less foods and energy		21.714	113.1	114.2	114.7	2.1	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Finished goods less foods and energy(4)	00/82	12.772	198.4	200.7	201.6	1.9	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.1
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	6.900	220.5	223.6	225.2	2.7	0.7	0.3	0.0	0.2
Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	4.205	280.7	284.5	287.5	3.5	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Durable consumer goods	00/82	2.695	157.9	160.2	160.4	1.5	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.2
Private capital equipment	00/82	5.872	170.5	171.8	172.0	0.9	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.1
Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries	00/82	1.315	172.8	173.8	174.5	1.6	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2
Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	4.557	169.5	171.0	171.1	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy		2.240	110.6	111.0	111.6	1.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.4
Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment		1.308	112.1	112.5	113.4	1.9	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.5
Government purchased capital equipment		0.932	107.4	107.5	107.9	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goods for export, excluding foods and energy		6.702	110.5	111.3	111.9	2.8	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.4
Final demand services		65.345	113.9	114.3	114.9	2.3	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Final demand trade services(5)		20.351	115.3	115.4	115.5	1.7	0.1	-0.3	-0.4	0.3
Trade of finished goods(4)		17.720	115.0	115.1	115.3	1.5	0.2	-0.4	-0.5	0.4
Trade of personal consumption goods		14.511	114.3	114.7	114.9	1.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.7	0.5
Trade of private capital equipment		3.209	116.9	116.0	116.1	1.9	0.1	-1.4	-0.1	0.1
Trade of government purchased goods		0.726	118.2	118.3	117.8	3.7	-0.4	-0.3	0.2	-0.3
Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment		0.446	116.5	117.6	116.7	5.0	-0.8	0.9	0.3	-0.8
Trade of government purchased capital equipment		0.280	120.2	119.1	119.2	2.2	0.1	-1.8	0.1	0.1
Trade of exports		1.905	117.0	117.3	116.7	2.8	-0.5	0.2	-0.2	-0.5
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		4.465	115.6	116.8	118.1	2.5	1.1	0.5	-0.6	0.4
Transportation of passengers for final demand		1.230	108.5	109.5	110.1	-3.6	0.5	0.9	-4.5	-1.6
Transportation of private passengers		0.840	108.5	109.5	110.1	-3.6	0.5	1.0	-4.6	-1.6
Transportation of government passengers		0.127	108.6	109.6	110.2	-3.6	0.5	0.9	-4.6	-1.6
Transportation of passengers for export		0.263	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand		3.235	117.8	119.1	120.6	4.5	1.3	0.4	0.7	1.1
Transportation and warehousing of finished goods(4)		2.285	116.7	118.0	119.4	4.6	1.2	0.4	0.7	1.2
Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods		1.789	117.0	118.3	119.7	4.5	1.2	0.4	0.7	1.2
Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment		0.496	115.4	116.8	118.3	4.8	1.3	0.4	0.8	1.3
Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods		0.238	117.0	118.2	119.5	4.3	1.1	0.4	0.6	1.0
Transportation and warehousing of exports		0.712	121.5	122.7	124.7	4.4	1.6	0.4	0.7	0.9
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		40.529	113.1	113.6	114.3	2.5	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.4
Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing(4)		36.037	113.4	113.9	114.6	2.5	0.6	0.4	0.2	0.4
Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		32.587	113.5	113.9	114.5	2.2	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3
Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.450	113.0	114.0	115.9	5.6	1.7	0.1	0.4	1.8
Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.046	109.1	109.8	109.9	1.6	0.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1
Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment		2.945	109.4	110.2	110.2	1.6	0.0	0.4	0.2	0.0
Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.101	99.9	100.3	100.9	1.5	0.6	-0.2	0.1	0.6
Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.446	113.6	114.5	115.5	3.9	0.9	0.6	0.1	0.4
Final demand construction		1.642	117.3	117.9	118.8	3.4	0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.8
Construction for private capital investment		1.107	117.2	117.9	118.7	3.4	0.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.7
Construction for government		0.535	117.4	117.9	119.1	3.6	1.0	-0.3	0.1	1.0

Special groupings

Final demand less exports	04/10	87.958	112.1	112.5	113.1	2.5	0.5	0.4	-0.1	0.5
Final demand less government	04/10	91.961	112.0	112.4	113.1	2.6	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.5
Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(6)	04/10	88.148	112.6	113.2	113.7	2.2	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.3
Final demand less foods and energy(6)	04/10	88.701	112.6	113.2	113.7	2.2	0.4	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(6)	04/10	93.724	111.7	112.1	112.8	2.5	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.4
Final demand less foods(6)	04/10	94.277	111.6	112.1	112.8	2.6	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.5
Final demand less energy	04/10	94.424	112.6	113.1	113.6	2.2	0.4	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Final demand less trade services	01/10	79.649	111.8	112.3	113.1	2.9	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.5
Final demand less distributive services(7)	01/10	76.414	111.6	112.1	112.8	2.7	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.5
Final demand goods less energy	01/10	27.437	112.8	113.6	114.0	2.1	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.2
Final demand goods less foods	04/10	27.290	108.6	109.2	110.1	3.5	0.8	0.9	0.2	0.9
Final demand services less trade services	04/10	44.994	112.4	113.0	113.8	2.5	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.4
Final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	23.586	113.4	113.7	114.1	2.1	0.4	-0.3	-0.3	0.4
Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	56.599	111.1	111.5	112.0	2.8	0.4	0.4	-0.1	0.6
Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services(6)	08/13	68.350	105.6	106.3	107.0	2.5	0.7	0.3	0.1	0.4
Private and government purchased capital equipment	08/13	6.804	104.0	104.7	104.8	0.9	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.1
Private and government purchased capital investment services	08/13	7.536	105.9	105.9	106.9	3.7	0.9	-0.7	0.2	0.9
Total private and government purchased capital investment	08/13	14.340	105.6	106.0	106.6	2.5	0.6	-0.2	0.1	0.5
Total finished(4)	01/10	79.919	113.0	113.4	114.0	2.4	0.5	0.4	-0.1	0.5
Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(4)(6)	12/10	70.221	112.6	113.2	113.8	2.2	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.4
Total finished less foods and energy(4)(6)	01/10	70.761	113.5	114.1	114.7	2.2	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(4)(6)	12/10	74.774	111.5	111.9	112.6	2.6	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.6
Total finished less foods(4)(6)	01/10	75.314	112.9	113.2	114.0	2.5	0.7	0.4	-0.1	0.5
Total finished less energy(4)	01/10	75.366	113.6	114.2	114.7	2.1	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.3
Finished goods(4)	00/82	21.930	199.6	200.1	201.3	3.0	0.6	1.1	0.0	0.7
Finished goods less energy(4)	00/82	17.377	200.4	202.1	202.5	1.9	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0
Finished goods, excluding foods(4)(6)	00/82	17.325	196.8	197.5	199.2	3.3	0.9	1.2	0.0	1.0
Finished services(4)	01/10	56.882	113.1	113.4	114.1	2.2	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Private capital investment services	04/10	7.155	113.8	113.9	114.9	3.7	0.9	-0.7	0.3	1.0
Finished distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	20.005	112.9	113.1	113.5	1.9	0.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.5
Finished services less trade services(4)	04/10	39.162	112.6	113.1	114.0	2.6	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.4
Finished services less distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	36.877	112.6	113.0	113.8	2.4	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.4
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	14.134	111.6	112.1	112.7	2.5	0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.5
Finished goods plus finished distributive services(4)	04/10	41.935	112.1	112.4	112.9	2.5	0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.6
Total exports	04/10	12.042	109.0	109.9	110.5	3.2	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.4
Goods for export	00/82	7.716	183.7	185.3	186.6	3.3	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.6
Services for export	04/10	4.326	114.8	115.5	116.0	3.1	0.4	0.4	-0.2	0.0
Total government purchases	04/10	8.039	108.3	109.0	109.6	3.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.5
Government purchased goods	00/82	3.367	178.9	180.2	182.0	4.7	1.0	0.6	0.6	1.2
Government purchased services	04/10	4.137	110.8	111.5	111.5	1.9	0.0	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction)	08/13	1.848	106.0	106.0	106.6	1.9	0.6	-0.4	0.1	0.4
Personal consumption	01/10	65.785	113.2	113.6	114.2	2.4	0.5	0.5	-0.2	0.5
Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods)	00/82	16.058	211.7	211.8	213.5	3.7	0.8	1.3	-0.1	0.9
Personal consumption goods less energy	00/82	11.505	215.5	217.3	217.8	2.3	0.2	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Personal consumption goods less foods	00/82	11.453	211.8	212.0	214.7	4.4	1.3	1.7	0.0	1.5
Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods	00/82	8.758	235.8	235.0	238.8	5.4	1.6	2.1	0.0	1.8
Personal consumption services	04/10	49.727	112.5	112.9	113.5	2.0	0.5	0.3	-0.2	0.4
Personal consumption less trade services	04/10	51.274	112.7	113.0	113.7	2.7	0.6	0.7	0.0	0.5
Personal consumption less distributive services(7)	04/10	49.485	112.6	112.9	113.7	2.7	0.7	0.7	-0.1	0.5
Personal consumption less foods and energy	04/14	56.627	105.1	105.7	106.2	2.0	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.4
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services(5)	04/14	42.116	105.3	105.9	106.6	2.4	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.4
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services(7)	04/14	40.327	105.5	106.1	106.8	2.2	0.7	0.4	0.0	0.3
Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services(7)	08/13	32.358	102.4	102.7	103.2	2.7	0.5	0.7	-0.3	0.8
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm. (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand. (5) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (6) The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. (7) Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
"-" Data not available.

Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by commodity type(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Sept. 2017(3)	Dec. 2017(3)	Jan. 2018(3)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Processed goods

Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	192.7	194.0	195.2	4.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	45.866	180.3	182.7	183.0	4.3	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.2
Materials for manufacturing		28.387	109.5	111.7	111.8	6.3	0.1	0.4	0.8	0.2
Materials for food manufacturing	00/82	4.065	197.3	195.2	194.1	1.8	-0.6	0.5	-0.7	-0.3
Materials for nondurable manufacturing	00/82	13.691	213.2	221.9	221.2	7.7	-0.3	0.6	1.9	-0.2
Materials for durable manufacturing	00/82	10.631	194.0	194.0	195.8	5.7	0.9	-0.1	-0.2	0.8
Components for manufacturing	00/82	17.479	150.8	151.2	151.7	1.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Components for nondurable manufacturing		0.741	111.8	112.6	113.0	2.9	0.4	0.5	0.0	0.4
Components for durable manufacturing		16.738	106.7	106.9	107.3	1.2	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.3
Materials and components for construction	00/82	8.785	236.0	237.7	239.3	3.4	0.7	0.6	-0.1	0.5
Materials for construction		3.876	118.8	119.7	120.8	4.0	0.9	0.5	0.0	0.6
Components for construction		4.909	114.9	115.6	116.2	2.9	0.5	0.8	-0.3	0.5
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	18.756	177.7	176.7	180.3	9.9	2.0	1.5	0.9	2.4
Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries	00/82	4.636	188.1	185.8	190.3	11.0	2.4	0.2	0.7	1.0
Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	14.120	174.6	174.0	177.3	9.4	1.9	2.0	1.0	2.9
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	2.911	227.6	228.4	228.7	3.0	0.1	0.7	-0.1	0.1
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	23.683	193.4	194.1	194.9	2.0	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.3
Supplies to manufacturing industries	00/82	2.869	190.8	192.2	193.4	3.5	0.6	0.2	0.3	0.6
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	20.814	192.2	192.9	193.6	1.8	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.3
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds	00/82	1.664	173.0	174.8	174.2	-1.0	-0.3	0.1	1.3	-0.6
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds	00/82	19.150	195.7	196.2	197.1	2.1	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.3

Unprocessed goods

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	186.8	195.1	198.2	2.5	1.6	3.0	1.9	0.9
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	36.417	159.7	162.4	163.3	0.1	0.6	2.2	0.1	-0.8
Unprocessed nonfood materials	00/82	63.582	197.3	209.7	214.2	3.9	2.1	3.7	3.0	2.0
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	42.370	232.5	247.3	265.8	17.1	7.5	4.5	1.6	7.5
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	40.644	214.4	228.8	246.6	17.9	7.8	4.8	1.6	7.8
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	1.726	252.3	252.3	255.1	2.8	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.4
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	21.212	136.4	144.8	132.0	-21.4	-8.8	1.1	7.4	-9.2
Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	0.710	174.6	179.5	171.8	-12.2	-4.3	0.1	3.2	-5.2
Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	20.502	137.8	146.6	133.3	-21.8	-9.1	1.2	7.6	-9.3

Services

Services for intermediate demand		100.000	115.3	116.1	116.7	2.9	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.1
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		15.937	115.5	116.9	116.6	3.6	-0.3	1.0	0.0	-0.3
Trade services for manufacturing industries	12/12	6.898	103.2	104.7	104.2	3.7	-0.5	1.6	-0.1	-0.4
Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	9.039	104.9	105.9	105.9	3.6	0.0	0.6	0.1	0.0
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		12.874	120.6	121.5	123.0	2.8	1.2	0.5	-0.1	0.3
Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand		1.133	108.6	109.6	110.2	-3.6	0.5	0.9	-4.6	-1.5
Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries		0.188	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries		0.945	108.6	109.6	110.2	-3.6	0.5	0.9	-4.5	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand		11.741	121.8	122.7	124.3	3.4	1.3	0.5	0.3	0.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries	12/12	0.719	100.6	102.2	102.8	3.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	11.022	108.9	109.5	111.0	3.4	1.4	0.5	0.3	0.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		71.189	114.2	114.8	115.4	2.7	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries		2.391	106.0	106.3	106.8	1.4	0.5	0.4	0.0	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries		68.798	114.5	115.0	115.7	2.7	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.1

Construction

Construction for intermediate demand		100.000	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4

Special groupings

Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	91.410	193.0	194.5	195.9	4.9	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.8
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	8.590	190.9	189.6	188.8	0.7	-0.4	0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Processed energy goods	00/82	18.756	178.5	177.5	181.1	9.8	2.0	1.5	0.9	2.5
Processed materials less energy	00/82	81.244	194.0	195.7	196.3	3.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	72.654	194.0	196.1	196.9	3.7	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
Intermediate distributive services(5)	04/10	27.678	115.6	116.7	117.1	3.4	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.1
Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services	04/10	-	107.8	108.7	109.2	4.2	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.5
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	60.973	199.7	212.8	216.8	3.6	1.9	3.8	3.3	1.8
Unprocessed energy materials(6)	00/82	41.935	146.3	163.9	165.0	-0.4	0.7	5.6	4.4	0.5
Unprocessed materials less energy	00/82	58.065	203.5	204.6	208.3	3.3	1.8	1.7	0.6	0.9
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy(7)	00/82	21.648	332.5	328.7	341.8	8.7	4.0	0.9	1.4	3.8
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (5) Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services. (6) Includes crude petroleum. (7) Excludes crude petroleum.
"-" Data not available.

Table 3. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by production flow(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2017(2)	Sept. 2017(3)	Dec. 2017(3)	Jan. 2018(3)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Stage 4
Stage 4 intermediate demand		100.000	113.6	114.0	114.7	3.1	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.3
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		30.548	110.4	110.8	111.2	2.7	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.1
Goods		22.951	109.3	109.5	110.1	2.5	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.3
Foods		2.674	110.8	110.4	111.2	2.4	0.7	0.5	-0.4	0.5
Energy		1.118	113.5	110.6	113.7	7.6	2.8	0.2	0.4	0.2
Goods excluding foods and energy		19.159	108.6	109.2	109.6	2.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.4
Services		7.597	113.9	114.9	114.6	3.2	-0.3	1.5	-0.4	-0.3
Trade services		6.033	116.3	117.5	116.8	3.6	-0.6	1.7	-0.3	-0.5
Transportation and warehousing services		0.226	112.8	114.2	115.3	1.7	1.0	0.6	-1.0	0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.081	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.145	115.1	116.7	118.0	4.3	1.1	0.4	0.8	1.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.338	107.1	106.8	107.5	1.2	0.7	0.5	-0.5	0.3
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		50.301	115.9	116.0	116.7	2.7	0.6	0.3	-0.1	0.3
Goods		13.356	113.5	112.4	113.5	2.7	1.0	-0.1	0.0	0.9
Foods		2.858	119.3	116.8	117.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.6	0.7
Energy		2.307	110.8	105.6	108.6	6.9	2.8	-1.1	0.1	2.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		8.191	114.8	115.3	116.1	2.3	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.3
Services		36.795	116.6	117.1	117.8	2.9	0.6	0.5	-0.2	0.0
Trade services		4.114	112.4	113.4	112.7	3.1	-0.6	1.7	-0.4	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing services		2.272	116.4	117.3	118.3	2.4	0.9	0.8	-0.3	0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.344	108.2	109.2	109.8	-3.7	0.5	1.0	-4.6	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		1.928	118.1	119.0	120.0	3.4	0.8	0.7	0.3	0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		30.409	116.8	117.2	118.1	2.9	0.8	0.3	-0.1	0.1
Construction		0.150	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		19.150	112.7	113.9	114.8	4.7	0.8	0.9	0.3	1.0
Goods		13.138	113.0	114.2	115.3	5.5	1.0	1.1	0.2	1.2
Energy		1.682	89.1	93.7	96.4	29.2	2.9	6.8	1.8	5.5
Goods excluding foods and energy		11.456	117.0	117.8	118.6	3.3	0.7	0.6	-0.1	0.5
Services		6.012	111.7	112.9	113.4	3.1	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Trade services		3.187	111.5	113.0	113.3	3.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
Transportation and warehousing services		0.812	114.6	116.0	117.4	4.3	1.2	0.4	0.6	1.1
Transportation of passengers		0.039	109.6	110.7	111.2	-2.9	0.5	0.9	-4.1	-1.3
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.773	114.8	116.3	117.6	4.5	1.1	0.5	0.8	1.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		2.013	112.7	113.3	113.9	2.2	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.5

Stage 3
Stage 3 intermediate demand		100.000	112.3	113.5	114.2	4.1	0.6	1.2	0.4	0.4
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		48.258	114.0	115.8	115.8	3.3	0.0	1.1	0.6	-0.3
Goods		38.729	112.7	114.4	114.6	3.4	0.2	1.1	0.8	-0.3
Foods		11.663	122.9	124.1	123.3	-1.8	-0.6	2.5	0.5	-2.0
Energy		1.896	94.3	95.8	96.8	13.7	1.0	1.5	2.0	1.6
Goods excluding foods and energy		25.170	112.0	114.0	114.4	4.9	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.4
Services		9.464	112.0	113.6	113.2	3.0	-0.4	1.4	-0.1	-0.3
Trade services		7.716	111.1	112.8	112.3	3.2	-0.4	1.7	-0.1	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing services		0.606	115.1	117.4	118.1	3.8	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.5
Transportation of passengers		0.030	110.8	111.9	112.5	-2.5	0.5	0.8	-3.8	-1.3
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.576	115.3	117.6	118.3	4.1	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.142	109.7	109.8	110.1	1.5	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0
Construction		0.065	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		49.677	111.6	112.1	113.3	4.3	1.1	1.3	0.2	1.1
Goods		10.672	97.5	97.8	100.2	9.4	2.5	3.9	0.8	4.3
Foods		0.003	129.4	129.9	128.3	-3.2	-1.2	0.7	0.3	0.1
Energy		7.327	92.5	92.8	96.1	13.9	3.6	5.7	1.2	5.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		3.342	107.1	107.3	107.8	0.9	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.4
Services		37.947	115.5	116.0	116.9	3.1	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.1
Trade services		3.420	133.3	134.5	133.7	6.3	-0.6	-0.5	0.8	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing services		8.180	126.6	127.1	129.0	3.1	1.5	0.6	0.2	0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.032	109.7	110.8	111.4	-2.9	0.5	0.9	-4.1	-1.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		8.148	126.8	127.3	129.2	3.1	1.5	0.5	0.2	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		26.347	112.4	112.9	113.6	2.7	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.1
Construction		1.058	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		2.066	104.4	108.5	110.5	16.9	1.8	2.6	0.9	3.1
Goods		1.639	97.3	101.9	104.1	21.2	2.2	3.2	1.2	3.7
Energy		1.010	83.1	90.3	93.1	40.6	3.1	5.6	2.4	5.2
Goods excluding foods and energy		0.629	120.2	121.2	121.8	4.2	0.5	0.8	-0.2	0.2
Services		0.427	118.4	119.5	120.0	3.0	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.5
Trade services		0.386	119.8	120.9	121.5	3.1	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.6
Transportation and warehousing services		0.001	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation of passengers		0.001	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.040	106.2	106.0	106.2	1.5	0.2	-0.7	0.3	0.2

Stage 2
Stage 2 intermediate demand		100.000	103.3	105.6	106.3	3.0	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.5
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		45.386	94.0	97.9	98.5	3.4	0.6	2.0	1.7	0.5
Goods		38.950	89.7	94.0	94.5	3.6	0.5	2.3	1.8	0.5
Foods		3.671	108.0	109.7	110.4	-0.7	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.8
Energy		16.319	65.6	73.6	74.2	0.8	0.8	6.2	4.4	0.7
Goods excluding foods and energy		18.960	111.5	112.8	113.1	6.1	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.3
Services		5.984	115.2	116.0	116.8	2.4	0.7	0.4	-0.3	0.3
Trade services		0.411	115.5	117.2	117.6	3.4	0.3	-0.6	-0.9	0.3
Transportation and warehousing services		3.397	133.4	134.8	135.5	2.3	0.5	0.4	-0.1	0.4
Transportation of passengers		0.249	109.2	110.3	110.9	-3.2	0.5	0.9	-4.3	-1.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods		3.148	134.2	135.6	136.3	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		2.176	104.0	104.1	105.1	2.4	1.0	0.6	-0.4	0.4
Construction		0.452	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		54.615	112.5	113.3	114.1	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.4
Goods		4.647	107.7	108.2	108.7	3.1	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.6
Foods		0.059	81.4	81.6	83.9	0.7	2.8	-0.2	-1.7	2.7
Energy		0.406	103.9	106.8	109.9	18.4	2.9	3.2	1.0	4.4
Goods excluding foods and energy		4.182	108.3	108.6	108.9	2.1	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.2
Services		48.532	112.9	113.8	114.6	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.4
Trade services		1.033	114.8	115.9	117.4	1.9	1.3	0.0	-0.3	1.2
Transportation and warehousing services		6.135	116.2	116.8	118.5	2.4	1.5	0.5	-0.3	0.1
Transportation of passengers		0.911	108.6	109.6	110.2	-3.6	0.5	0.9	-4.5	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		5.224	118.1	118.5	120.5	3.4	1.7	0.5	0.3	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		41.364	113.0	114.0	114.7	2.9	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3
Construction		1.436	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4

Stage 1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		100.000	111.4	112.7	113.8	5.6	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.9
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		46.700	107.6	109.6	110.7	6.5	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.1
Goods		36.657	106.0	107.9	109.4	7.6	1.4	0.7	1.7	1.5
Foods		2.573	103.4	103.5	104.6	0.1	1.1	0.5	-1.0	1.1
Energy		6.456	96.6	101.7	103.5	10.9	1.8	3.8	2.1	1.7
Goods excluding foods and energy		27.628	110.2	111.6	113.1	7.5	1.3	0.1	1.7	1.4
Services		10.037	111.8	114.0	113.4	2.3	-0.5	1.1	-0.3	-0.5
Trade services		7.218	113.7	116.2	115.4	2.6	-0.7	1.2	-0.3	-0.7
Transportation and warehousing services		1.222	115.0	117.2	117.5	1.6	0.3	0.8	-0.3	-0.1
Transportation of passengers		0.208	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		1.014	115.9	118.3	118.6	2.5	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.597	101.8	102.0	102.0	1.6	0.0	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Construction		0.006	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		46.519	115.2	115.7	116.8	4.7	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.7
Goods		15.142	106.8	108.1	109.8	9.6	1.6	1.0	0.7	2.3
Foods		0.112	100.5	121.7	113.3	33.9	-6.9	2.7	0.4	-6.9
Energy		7.744	102.8	104.6	107.5	18.7	2.8	2.0	1.4	3.8
Goods excluding foods and energy		7.286	113.4	114.0	114.5	2.6	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4
Services		31.373	119.2	119.3	120.0	2.6	0.6	0.3	-0.1	-0.2
Trade services		4.322	118.3	119.2	118.8	5.3	-0.3	0.3	0.3	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing services		2.413	119.4	120.4	121.1	-1.5	0.6	0.8	-2.9	-0.9
Transportation of passengers		1.478	108.2	109.2	109.9	-3.7	0.6	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.935	128.2	129.1	130.0	2.1	0.7	0.7	0.2	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		24.638	119.4	119.3	120.2	2.6	0.8	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Construction		0.004	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		6.780	113.1	114.2	115.1	4.2	0.8	0.8	0.2	1.0
Goods		4.513	112.1	113.1	114.2	4.9	1.0	1.2	0.1	1.2
Energy		0.482	88.9	91.5	93.5	21.6	2.2	6.8	1.9	5.3
Goods excluding foods and energy		4.031	116.6	117.4	118.4	3.4	0.9	0.6	-0.1	0.7
Services		2.267	114.8	116.1	116.7	2.7	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.6
Trade services		1.638	115.2	116.6	117.4	3.4	0.7	-0.1	0.5	0.8
Transportation and warehousing services		0.088	102.6	106.0	104.6	-2.4	-1.3	1.2	-1.4	-1.9
Transportation of passengers		0.022	108.3	109.3	109.9	-3.8	0.5	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.066	101.8	106.0	103.9	-2.1	-2.0	1.3	-0.3	-2.0
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.541	113.6	113.9	114.3	1.2	0.4	-0.1	0.3	0.4

Special groupings

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	49.445	108.7	108.8	109.7	3.4	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.7
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	50.404	115.0	115.7	116.2	2.9	0.4	0.6	-0.1	0.0
Total construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	0.150	113.5	113.8	114.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.4
Total foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	5.532	112.1	110.7	111.3	1.3	0.5	0.4	-0.5	0.6
Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	5.107	98.0	96.6	99.4	12.8	2.9	1.3	0.7	3.2
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	38.806	110.6	111.2	111.8	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.4
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	51.040	103.0	104.4	105.2	5.2	0.8	1.7	0.9	0.8
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	47.838	113.5	114.2	114.8	3.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.0
Total construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	1.123	113.5	113.8	114.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.4
Total foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	11.666	109.5	110.6	109.8	-1.9	-0.7	2.5	0.5	-2.1
Total energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	10.233	88.3	89.4	92.1	15.8	3.0	4.9	1.4	5.1
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	29.141	106.5	108.2	108.7	4.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.3
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	43.597	87.3	90.9	91.5	3.6	0.7	2.0	1.7	0.5
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	54.516	113.9	114.8	115.6	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.3
Total construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	1.888	113.5	113.8	114.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.4
Total foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	3.730	108.3	109.9	110.7	-0.7	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.8
Total energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	16.725	64.6	72.3	72.9	1.3	0.8	6.0	4.5	0.8
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	23.142	104.5	105.5	105.9	5.4	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.2
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	56.312	95.9	97.4	98.7	7.8	1.3	0.8	1.2	1.7
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	43.677	116.3	116.9	117.4	2.6	0.4	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Total construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	0.010	113.5	113.8	114.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.4
Total foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	2.685	97.3	98.3	99.0	1.4	0.7	0.6	-1.0	0.8
Total energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	14.682	95.3	98.6	100.8	15.1	2.2	3.1	1.7	3.0
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	38.945	94.3	95.3	96.4	6.1	1.2	0.2	1.2	1.2
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available.

Table 4. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by final demand category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Sept. 2017(2)	Dec. 2017(2)	Jan. 2018(2)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Final demand		11/09	113.5	113.9	114.6	2.7	0.6	0.4	0.0	0.4
Final demand goods		11/09	112.0	112.5	113.3	3.3	0.7	0.9	0.1	0.7
Final demand foods		11/09	116.6	116.3	116.0	1.8	-0.3	0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Fresh fruits and melons	01-11		151.8	151.1	155.6	10.3	3.0	2.5	-0.2	2.4
Fresh and dry vegetables(3)	01-13		208.2	220.3	227.9	30.9	3.4	2.4	-7.8	3.4
Grains	01-2		129.9	130.6	135.3	1.7	3.6	-0.2	-1.9	3.7
Eggs for fresh use(3)	01-71-07	12/91	142.6	215.3	136.2	40.6	-36.7	16.3	17.7	-36.7
Oilseeds	01-83-01		173.2	176.5	174.6	-5.1	-1.1	1.1	-0.4	-0.6
Bakery products(3)	02-11		280.0	280.8	280.8	1.0	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Milled rice(3)	02-13		190.2	195.1	195.2	8.1	0.1	1.9	-0.1	0.1
Pasta products	02-14-02	06/85	202.1	200.7	202.7	0.5	1.0	-1.2	-0.5	0.4
Beef and veal	02-21-01		196.9	190.4	192.1	5.7	0.9	4.8	-7.3	1.2
Pork	02-21-04		152.4	144.6	145.5	0.9	0.6	3.9	0.5	-0.7
Processed young chickens	02-22-03		176.8	159.2	160.8	-5.2	1.0	-5.6	4.1	0.4
Processed turkeys	02-22-06		134.2	129.8	135.3	-4.2	4.2	-2.5	-1.4	8.3
Finfish and shellfish	02-23		330.6	328.6	358.3	6.3	9.0	1.2	-1.4	3.8
Dairy products	02-3		199.5	195.7	192.4	-3.3	-1.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.3
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		202.8	204.6	204.4	1.3	-0.1	0.8	0.0	-0.1
Confectionery end products(3)	02-55		274.8	276.6	277.7	1.5	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4
Soft drinks(3)	02-62		203.2	203.8	204.9	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.5
Roasted coffee(3)	02-63-01		193.2	194.8	194.7	1.3	-0.1	0.0	0.6	-0.1
Shortening and cooking oils(3)	02-78		257.3	257.1	259.6	1.7	1.0	-1.4	-0.5	1.0
Frozen specialty food(3)	02-85		185.8	186.0	185.5	-0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3
Final demand energy		11/09	104.3	103.4	105.7	9.2	2.2	3.6	0.5	3.4
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		175.3	155.7	164.1	6.1	5.4	3.8	-4.8	5.4
Residential electric power	05-41	12/90	181.2	175.7	179.1	3.9	1.9	0.5	0.1	1.3
Residential natural gas	05-51	12/90	198.4	202.1	197.8	0.9	-2.1	0.6	0.6	-2.7
Gasoline	05-71		187.2	181.1	187.7	12.8	3.6	11.0	-1.5	7.1
Home heating oil and distillates	05-73-02		156.0	181.5	189.3	19.7	4.3	2.0	13.1	5.5
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Final demand goods less foods and energy		11/09	113.1	114.2	114.7	2.1	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Alcoholic beverages(3)	02-61		196.1	196.7	197.9	2.0	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.6
Pet food(3)	02-94-02		255.7	256.2	256.2	-1.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.1	0.0
Women's, girls', and infants' apparel(3)	03-81-06	12/03	108.7	108.8	108.7	1.9	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Men's and boys' apparel(3)	03-81-07	12/03	114.8	114.7	115.1	1.5	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Textile housefurnishings(3)	03-82		168.2	168.6	168.0	1.3	-0.4	0.0	0.2	-0.4
Footwear	04-3		202.2	203.2	203.2	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.3
Industrial chemicals	06-1		254.2	269.8	267.2	10.6	-1.0	0.0	2.9	-0.7
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	245.5	251.5	258.5	6.1	2.8	0.5	0.2	0.1
Soaps and detergents(3)	06-71		177.9	178.5	180.6	1.5	1.2	0.0	0.3	1.2
Cleaning and polishing products(3)	06-72	06/83	180.7	182.6	184.3	4.1	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.9
Cosmetics and other toiletries(3)	06-75		162.6	162.8	162.8	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Tires(3)	07-12-01		146.6	146.3	147.1	3.7	0.5	0.3	-0.8	0.5
Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.(3)	07-2B	12/06	134.6	134.8	135.1	5.1	0.2	0.4	-0.1	0.2
Sanitary paper products(3)	09-15-01		181.6	179.3	178.5	-2.4	-0.4	-1.4	-0.6	-0.4
Agricultural machinery and equipment(3)	11-1		227.1	227.7	227.6	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Construction machinery and equipment	11-2		221.1	221.4	217.6	-1.2	-1.7	0.1	0.0	-2.1
Metal cutting machine tools(3)	11-37		199.7	199.9	200.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2
Metal forming machine tools(3)	11-38		224.9	225.0	225.4	0.5	0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.2
Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds(3)	11-39		150.9	151.3	151.3	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Pumps, compressors, and equipment	11-41		251.9	254.1	255.8	2.9	0.7	0.8	-0.3	0.3
Industrial material handling equipment	11-44		213.2	213.7	214.3	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Electronic computers and computer equipment(3)	11-5	12/98	27.5	27.3	27.4	0.4	0.4	0.0	-0.7	0.4
Textile machinery and equipment(3)	11-62		170.0	171.3	171.5	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Paper industries machinery(3)	11-64	06/82	219.8	219.4	219.7	0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Printing trades machinery and equipment(3)	11-65		162.3	163.2	163.2	-0.1	0.0	0.5	-0.2	0.0
Transformers and power regulators(3)	11-74		213.7	217.0	218.4	3.3	0.6	1.6	0.0	0.6
Communication and related equipment	11-76	12/85	110.0	110.0	111.0	0.7	0.9	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		65.9	65.9	66.0	-2.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2
X-ray and electromedical equipment(3)	11-79-05		86.5	86.2	86.0	-0.7	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Oil field and gas field machinery(3)	11-91		213.9	214.8	215.0	0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Mining machinery and equipment	11-92		267.4	268.0	268.1	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	-0.3
Office and store machines and equipment(3)	11-93		122.2	122.4	122.0	-1.1	-0.3	0.1	0.0	-0.3
Household furniture(3)	12-1		209.0	212.1	212.7	3.0	0.3	1.1	0.3	0.3
Commercial furniture(3)	12-2		218.6	218.0	219.1	2.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.5
Floor coverings(3)	12-3		188.8	189.0	190.3	2.5	0.7	1.4	-0.4	0.7
Household appliances(3)	12-4		116.0	115.3	117.6	1.4	2.0	0.3	-0.9	2.0
Home electronic equipment(3)	12-5		51.5	51.5	51.5	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors(3)	12-66		144.4	144.4	145.7	0.9	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.9
Passenger cars	14-11-01		131.0	134.9	134.8	-0.7	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Light motor trucks	14-11-05		174.0	179.3	178.7	1.5	-0.3	1.0	0.0	-0.1
Heavy motor trucks(3)	14-11-06		226.7	228.7	228.7	0.5	0.0	0.8	0.4	0.0
Motor vehicles parts(3)	14-12		125.5	125.6	125.8	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Truck trailers(3)	14-14		202.9	203.5	206.5	2.2	1.5	0.1	0.0	1.5
Travel trailers and campers	14-16	06/84	204.8	205.4	206.1	4.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4
Aircraft	14-21		297.4	297.9	298.8	1.7	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ships(3)	14-31	12/85	223.9	224.1	224.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Railroad equipment(3)	14-4		203.8	202.7	203.1	0.6	0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.2
Toys, games, and children's vehicles(3)	15-11		154.7	156.6	156.6	0.6	0.0	0.6	0.5	0.0
Sporting and athletic goods(3)	15-12		137.5	137.6	137.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Cigarettes(3)	15-21		980.8	1,013.5	1,013.5	5.6	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Mobile homes(3)	15-5		286.2	295.1	296.1	8.1	0.3	1.1	1.2	0.3
Medical, surgical & personal aid devices	15-6		178.4	179.6	180.2	1.1	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewelry, platinum and karat gold(3)	15-94-02		237.6	228.6	229.6	-1.4	0.4	-4.7	0.1	0.4
Costume jewelry and novelties(3)	15-94-04		181.9	183.7	188.9	4.5	2.8	0.9	0.1	2.8
Final demand services		11/09	113.9	114.3	114.9	2.3	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Final demand trade services(4)		11/09	115.3	115.4	115.5	1.7	0.1	-0.3	-0.4	0.3
Machinery and equipment wholesaling(3)	57-11-01	03/09	121.9	120.6	120.9	2.0	0.2	-1.9	0.0	0.2
Furnishings wholesaling(3)	57-2	03/09	96.8	102.2	102.9	9.8	0.7	1.9	3.9	0.7
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	100.7	103.1	100.7	1.5	-2.3	2.7	-1.2	-2.3
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	128.3	129.0	132.1	13.2	2.4	2.7	1.1	2.4
Apparel wholesaling(3)	57-7	03/09	119.5	121.0	118.7	6.2	-1.9	0.9	2.2	-1.9
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	106.0	106.4	106.3	-1.0	-0.1	2.1	-0.7	-0.1
Food and alcohol retailing	58-1	03/09	131.0	129.3	129.6	-0.3	0.2	0.7	-0.5	-0.6
Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing(3)	58-2	03/09	116.0	119.6	122.6	1.4	2.5	1.7	-0.8	2.5
Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing	58-3	06/09	113.0	113.4	112.1	0.6	-1.1	1.3	-0.3	3.2
Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing(3)	58-4	03/09	91.2	89.8	89.0	-2.8	-0.9	1.6	-3.2	-0.9
TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-5	03/09	65.3	57.2	63.1	-1.1	10.3	-11.0	-5.8	10.3
Automobiles and automobile parts retailing(3)	58-6	06/09	94.4	92.6	92.2	-4.5	-0.4	-0.3	0.0	-0.4
Manufactured (mobile) homes retailing(3)	58-7	03/09	107.1	107.1	107.1	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
RVs, trailers, and campers retailing(3)	58-8	03/09	105.3	103.3	103.4	0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.1	0.1
Sporting goods, including boats, retailing(3)	58-9	03/09	112.1	105.3	107.7	-5.3	2.3	-5.6	0.7	2.3
Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-A	03/09	105.6	105.1	105.1	0.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.8	0.0
Furniture retailing(3)	58-B	03/09	103.7	103.9	106.2	-2.7	2.2	-1.5	-1.0	2.2
Flooring and floor coverings retailing(3)	58-C	03/09	106.8	108.7	106.5	6.3	-2.0	0.7	1.1	-2.0
Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	115.4	116.6	118.6	3.1	1.7	-0.3	0.0	1.7
Major household appliances retailing	58-E	03/09	84.8	86.1	86.0	4.8	-0.1	-4.4	7.3	1.7
Fuels and lubricants retailing(3)	58-F	06/09	150.0	154.4	157.9	2.2	2.3	-7.0	-7.5	2.3
Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing(3)	58-G	03/09	136.1	136.1	135.6	-9.3	-0.4	1.6	-5.2	-0.4
Book retailing(3)	58-H	03/09	105.9	102.0	102.3	-0.8	0.3	9.5	-7.4	0.3
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		11/09	115.6	116.8	118.1	2.5	1.1	0.5	-0.6	0.4
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	117.8	120.3	120.9	4.1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.5
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	116.2	117.4	119.1	5.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	1.4
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	110.3	110.9	110.7	0.2	-0.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.2
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	134.6	134.9	138.3	3.9	2.5	0.2	0.3	0.6
Rail transportation of passengers(3)	30-21	12/08	119.4	121.4	121.4	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	106.5	107.4	108.1	-3.7	0.7	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		11/09	113.1	113.6	114.3	2.5	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sales of books(3)	33-11		376.0	373.3	385.5	3.8	3.3	-0.7	0.2	3.3
Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers(3)	33-12	06/09	114.0	114.5	115.4	1.9	0.8	0.0	0.5	0.8
Application software publishing(3)	34-2	06/09	97.9	98.3	99.1	3.3	0.8	2.0	-0.7	0.8
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists	36-1	06/09	103.9	105.0	104.6	-0.9	-0.4	0.9	0.3	-0.6
Residential wired telecommunication services	37-11	06/09	135.7	137.6	138.1	2.8	0.4	0.2	1.5	-1.2
Cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication services(3)	37-21	03/09	65.5	66.3	64.6	-6.5	-2.6	0.8	0.5	-2.6
Cable and satellite subscriber services	37-3	12/08	122.8	122.8	125.7	5.1	2.4	0.3	0.2	2.0
Internet access services(3)	37-4	03/09	95.1	94.9	94.9	-2.8	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	102.9	102.4	102.9	1.4	0.5	-3.1	1.1	0.5
Consumer loans (partial)	39-12	06/09	114.1	111.1	113.3	0.7	2.0	1.2	-2.1	0.2
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.7	63.4	62.6	1.8	-1.3	-1.0	3.8	-1.3
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	104.3	102.7	102.7	4.5	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	201.3	209.8	209.3	8.8	-0.2	1.4	1.0	-0.2
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	104.0	104.0	104.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Disability insurance, including accidental death(3)	41-11-02	03/09	103.4	103.4	103.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	125.4	125.4	126.1	1.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	-1.0
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	119.5	119.6	120.4	3.0	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.7
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	114.9	115.9	116.1	2.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2
Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions	43-21	12/08	131.6	133.4	139.0	11.6	4.2	0.4	0.7	4.3
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	85.2	85.5	82.8	-0.7	-3.2	0.7	1.3	-5.3
Legal services	45-1	03/09	127.3	126.3	129.2	3.3	2.3	1.2	-1.2	1.0
Tax preparation and planning	45-21-02	04/09	111.3	113.6	114.8	0.1	1.1	0.7	-0.2	-0.2
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	112.5	112.9	113.4	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(3)	45-4	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Arrangement of flights (partial)(3)	47-1	06/09	91.0	91.4	91.1	-9.4	-0.3	-9.3	0.2	-0.3
Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging(3)	47-2	12/08	85.2	86.4	85.3	0.1	-1.3	4.2	-1.1	-1.3
Arrangement of cruises and tours(3)	47-3	12/08	111.0	105.5	101.9	-0.8	-3.4	-2.7	-0.8	-3.4
Physician care	51-11-01	03/09	107.5	107.8	108.0	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care(3)	51-11-02	03/09	97.6	97.5	96.5	-1.1	-1.0	-0.1	0.0	-1.0
Home health and hospice care(3)	51-11-03	12/08	107.2	107.2	109.2	2.6	1.9	0.1	0.0	1.9
Hospital outpatient care	51-11-04	12/08	125.0	125.2	126.9	2.6	1.4	0.2	0.1	1.0
Dental care	51-11-05	06/10	114.2	114.2	114.5	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Hospital inpatient care	51-21-01	12/08	122.6	124.1	124.8	2.0	0.6	-0.1	0.7	0.3
Nursing home care	51-21-02	12/08	119.4	119.3	120.2	1.9	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.3
Computer training school services(3)	52-1	12/08	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	116.3	111.3	111.7	4.5	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.0
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)(3)	54-1	06/09	120.6	121.1	120.9	2.5	-0.2	-0.2	0.7	-0.2
Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial)	55-2	12/08	130.5	130.7	130.8	1.9	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.5
Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees (partial)	56-1	06/09	118.1	120.3	118.3	1.1	-1.7	0.8	0.8	-1.9
Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)(3)	56-2	12/08	114.3	114.3	114.3	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaming receipts (partial)(3)	56-3	12/08	109.4	109.3	107.2	-0.8	-1.9	1.8	0.5	-1.9
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	230.5	231.7	231.9	4.2	0.1	-0.1	0.5	0.1
Final demand construction		11/09	117.3	117.9	118.8	3.4	0.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.8
New warehouse building construction(3)	80-11-01	12/04	148.4	149.0	149.5	3.5	0.3	-0.3	0.5	0.3
New school building construction(3)	80-11-02	12/05	155.3	155.7	157.9	4.2	1.4	-0.4	0.0	1.4
New office building construction(3)	80-11-03	06/06	131.6	132.2	132.8	2.5	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.5
New industrial building construction(3)	80-11-04	06/07	123.5	124.5	125.7	4.6	1.0	-0.2	-0.2	1.0
New health care building construction(3)	80-11-05	06/12	108.1	109.1	109.5	3.4	0.4	0.0	-0.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 5. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by commodity type category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Sept. 2017(2)	Dec. 2017(2)	Jan. 2018(2)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Processed goods for intermediate demand			192.7	194.0	195.2	4.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7
Processed foods and feeds			190.9	189.6	188.8	0.7	-0.4	0.3	-0.2	-0.3
Meats	02-21		180.2	173.6	174.6	4.1	0.6	3.0	-3.1	0.4
Processed poultry	02-22		163.7	152.7	151.8	-4.4	-0.6	-4.2	2.5	0.0
Dairy products	02-3		199.5	195.7	192.4	-3.3	-1.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.3
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		202.8	204.6	204.4	1.3	-0.1	0.8	0.0	-0.1
Refined sugar and byproducts(3)	02-53		167.7	171.0	171.3	7.2	0.2	0.2	1.2	0.2
Fats and oils(3)	02-7		253.9	252.8	254.4	0.2	0.6	-1.3	-0.4	0.6
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		183.0	184.5	183.8	-1.2	-0.4	0.8	0.6	0.5
Processed materials less foods and feeds			193.0	194.5	195.9	4.9	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.8
Synthetic fibers(3)	03-1		122.2	122.7	128.3	6.5	4.6	0.2	0.2	4.6
Processed yarns and threads(3)	03-2		135.8	136.2	138.6	2.0	1.8	0.1	0.3	1.8
Finished fabrics(3)	03-4		153.7	153.3	154.2	0.5	0.6	0.2	-0.4	0.6
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		175.3	155.7	164.1	6.1	5.4	3.8	-4.8	5.4
Commercial electric power	05-42		206.7	192.3	197.8	3.3	2.9	-2.9	-0.2	2.2
Industrial electric power	05-43		249.0	237.1	244.5	5.5	3.1	-1.0	0.0	-0.7
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	185.8	194.1	191.5	-0.3	-1.3	1.5	1.0	-2.7
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	155.8	162.5	157.9	-6.7	-2.8	0.4	0.0	-1.9
Natural gas to electric utilities	05-54	12/90	163.6	167.2	154.7	-16.8	-7.5	0.1	1.2	-9.1
Gasoline	05-71		187.2	181.1	187.7	12.8	3.6	11.0	-1.5	7.1
Jet fuel	05-72-03		181.6	194.9	204.6	24.5	5.0	2.2	5.9	8.1
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Residual fuels(3)	05-74		145.7	187.5	179.6	23.2	-4.2	4.7	13.4	-4.2
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		394.0	398.4	402.3	5.3	1.0	-0.1	1.5	1.0
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	109.4	106.2	107.5	15.5	1.2	-4.3	0.4	1.2
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	167.0	167.7	157.4	21.6	-6.1	-1.0	9.5	0.9
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		258.5	263.8	269.0	7.0	2.0	0.5	-0.1	2.0
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		254.1	271.8	267.8	11.4	-1.5	-0.1	3.5	-1.2
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		276.1	277.1	278.6	2.3	0.5	0.6	-0.2	0.5
Paint materials(3)	06-22		243.4	246.2	251.0	7.8	1.9	3.1	6.1	1.9
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		174.7	174.7	174.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Biological products, including diagnostics(3)	06-37		261.4	261.0	262.1	-1.4	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.4
Fats and oils, inedible	06-4		230.5	222.3	223.1	-3.6	0.4	-1.6	-3.6	3.1
Nitrogenates	06-52-01		217.4	245.1	245.2	8.9	0.0	4.2	1.1	-0.6
Phosphates(3)	06-52-02		175.8	180.8	184.1	4.9	1.8	1.9	0.8	1.8
Other agricultural chemicals(3)	06-53		184.1	182.0	189.4	6.1	4.1	-0.5	0.4	4.1
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		232.9	241.6	238.5	8.2	-1.3	1.8	2.2	-1.6
Industrial gases(3)	06-79-03		252.4	252.5	252.6	4.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Adhesives and sealants(3)	06-79-04	12/83	253.9	255.7	256.2	1.9	0.2	0.1	0.8	0.2
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		196.1	195.7	198.7	-4.3	1.5	-2.8	-1.5	1.5
Tires(3)	07-12-01		146.6	146.3	147.1	3.7	0.5	0.3	-0.8	0.5
Plastic construction products	07-21		218.7	222.4	221.8	4.1	-0.3	2.5	-1.8	-0.4
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes(3)	07-22		217.8	221.3	222.4	5.6	0.5	0.8	0.0	0.5
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		149.7	150.8	150.8	1.7	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	111.0	112.4	114.4	5.1	1.8	0.1	1.3	1.8
Softwood lumber(3)	08-11		227.4	230.9	233.2	14.5	1.0	0.4	-1.0	1.0
Hardwood lumber(3)	08-12		223.0	225.6	226.2	5.7	0.3	1.7	0.4	0.3
Millwork	08-2		249.0	250.9	251.9	4.2	0.4	-0.4	1.0	0.4
Plywood(3)	08-3		206.2	216.0	218.0	14.8	0.9	4.3	-1.2	0.9
Paper(3)	09-13		186.4	189.4	191.6	3.0	1.2	0.2	0.8	1.2
Paperboard(3)	09-14		265.5	266.7	266.0	8.7	-0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.3
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		262.2	261.3	260.6	2.0	-0.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Building paper and board(3)	09-2		224.9	224.2	212.2	0.5	-5.4	7.1	-6.6	-5.4
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	170.3	170.4	170.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		206.6	206.6	206.9	0.6	0.1	0.2	-0.5	0.1
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		189.3	187.4	187.6	5.3	0.1	-1.4	0.4	0.1
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		195.3	190.4	198.7	12.3	4.4	-1.2	-1.9	4.4
Secondary nonferrous metals(3)	10-24		232.6	233.9	240.5	11.9	2.8	-0.1	-0.8	2.8
Aluminum mill shapes(3)	10-25-01		184.5	186.6	189.3	10.9	1.4	0.7	-1.8	1.4
Copper and brass mill shapes(3)	10-25-02		423.2	414.6	436.9	18.0	5.4	2.5	-2.4	5.4
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		240.5	245.3	249.4	8.3	1.7	0.6	0.0	1.7
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		212.7	214.3	215.1	2.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.0
Metal containers(3)	10-3		150.0	153.1	153.1	4.7	0.0	1.7	0.1	0.0
Hardware(3)	10-4		213.9	214.4	215.2	1.0	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings	10-5		265.0	263.3	266.2	3.2	1.1	0.2	0.2	1.0
Heating equipment(3)	10-6		257.0	259.0	260.5	2.2	0.6	0.7	0.1	0.6
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		220.0	220.8	222.3	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.5
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81	00/82	191.8	191.7	191.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Lighting fixtures(3)	10-83	00/82	171.4	171.7	173.2	2.0	0.9	-0.2	0.4	0.9
Fabricated ferrous wire products(3)	10-88	06/82	220.3	221.3	222.1	1.5	0.4	0.5	-0.1	0.4
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		157.7	158.6	159.3	2.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4
Fluid power equipment(3)	11-43		252.8	253.8	254.0	1.6	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mechanical power transmission equipment(3)	11-45		262.5	264.6	268.0	2.7	1.3	-0.2	0.3	1.3
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		185.4	185.4	188.5	3.6	1.7	-0.2	0.2	1.7
Metal valves, except fluid power	11-49-02	12/82	314.9	317.7	317.2	2.5	-0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.3
Ball and roller bearings(3)	11-49-05		258.0	258.7	259.5	1.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.3
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		229.2	230.1	230.3	1.0	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Motors, generators, motor generator sets(3)	11-73		211.3	211.3	214.7	2.0	1.6	0.0	0.0	1.6
Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.(3)	11-75		221.4	222.3	222.6	1.6	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		65.9	65.9	66.0	-2.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		166.0	165.8	167.7	1.1	1.1	0.0	-0.1	1.1
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		184.9	185.2	185.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Flat glass(3)	13-11		132.6	134.3	135.3	1.8	0.7	0.1	0.4	0.7
Cement	13-22		247.7	246.8	249.6	3.1	1.1	0.6	0.1	-1.2
Concrete products	13-3		255.2	256.6	257.5	2.7	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.0
Asphalt felts and coatings	13-6		223.6	226.0	226.7	2.8	0.3	0.6	0.7	1.1
Paving mixtures and blocks(3)	13-94		288.2	287.2	305.1	-0.4	6.2	0.8	-1.3	6.2
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		125.5	125.6	125.8	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	224.3	225.1	225.5	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.4
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	184.8	185.3	185.6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices	15-6		178.4	179.6	180.2	1.1	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand			186.8	195.1	198.2	2.5	1.6	3.0	1.9	0.9
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs			159.7	162.4	163.3	0.1	0.6	2.2	0.1	-0.8
Wheat(3)	01-21		130.6	127.4	135.9	12.5	6.7	1.5	-3.9	6.7
Corn	01-22-02		127.7	128.8	132.7	-2.8	3.0	-1.2	-1.7	3.2
Slaughter cattle	01-31		161.8	174.7	174.6	0.1	-0.1	3.6	-0.1	-4.9
Slaughter hogs	01-32		81.1	80.4	84.7	11.9	5.3	20.4	4.4	9.4
Slaughter chickens	01-41-02		245.3	234.6	265.0	13.0	13.0	-2.5	0.0	5.6
Slaughter turkeys	01-42		194.7	183.0	160.4	-23.8	-12.3	4.1	-0.9	-6.3
Raw milk	01-6		135.8	129.1	118.8	-17.6	-8.0	-1.1	1.0	-6.8
Alfalfa hay	01-81		282.5	291.2	305.1	10.9	4.8	-2.5	4.7	6.4
Oilseeds	01-83-01		173.2	176.5	174.6	-5.1	-1.1	1.1	-0.4	-0.6
Raw cane sugar and byproducts(3)	02-52-01		156.5	158.3	156.6	-5.4	-1.1	-1.3	0.2	-1.1
Unprocessed nonfood materials			197.3	209.7	214.2	3.9	2.1	3.7	3.0	2.0
Raw cotton(3)	01-51		112.7	115.2	121.0	5.6	5.0	1.6	3.8	5.0
Hides and skins(3)	04-1		191.6	192.1	201.2	-6.3	4.7	-0.2	7.3	4.7
Coal	05-1		195.2	196.1	199.4	-0.6	1.7	-0.9	-0.1	1.0
Natural gas(3)	05-31		111.6	124.2	107.9	-30.9	-13.1	2.9	13.7	-13.1
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		134.9	161.5	180.3	30.3	11.6	11.0	1.8	11.6
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips	08-5		237.5	241.0	243.1	1.0	0.9	2.3	-1.1	1.0
Wastepaper(3)	09-12		417.8	351.6	334.9	-12.7	-4.7	14.9	3.0	-4.7
Iron ore(3)	10-11		134.2	127.2	122.3	2.0	-3.9	-1.0	-3.6	-3.9
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		463.2	442.8	499.7	14.7	12.9	-3.0	7.6	12.9
Nonferrous metal ores(3)	10-21	12/83	330.4	333.7	343.7	20.0	3.0	1.9	0.4	3.0
Copper base scrap(3)	10-23-01		457.2	467.7	485.3	21.7	3.8	3.3	-0.3	3.8
Aluminum base scrap	10-23-02		213.5	214.3	218.9	10.8	2.1	1.0	-1.0	2.0
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		325.5	325.3	329.1	2.9	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.4

Services for intermediate demand		11/09	115.3	116.1	116.7	2.9	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.1
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		11/09	115.5	116.9	116.6	3.6	-0.3	1.0	0.0	-0.3
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	117.4	117.9	116.8	3.3	-0.9	1.9	-1.1	-0.9
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	95.7	94.9	93.2	-2.0	-1.8	2.4	-0.2	-1.2
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	131.9	140.6	140.5	4.5	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	100.7	103.1	100.7	1.5	-2.3	2.7	-1.2	-2.3
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	128.3	129.0	132.1	13.2	2.4	2.7	1.1	2.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	103.6	104.0	104.3	-0.7	0.3	2.2	-0.8	0.3
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(3)	58-61-02	03/09	107.7	106.0	107.3	-2.8	1.2	-1.6	1.5	1.2
Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	115.4	116.6	118.6	3.1	1.7	-0.3	0.0	1.7
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		11/09	120.6	121.5	123.0	2.8	1.2	0.5	-0.1	0.3
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	117.8	120.3	120.9	4.1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.5
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	116.2	117.4	119.1	5.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	1.4
Water transportation of freight(3)	30-13	06/09	110.0	114.6	112.3	-2.1	-2.0	1.2	-0.3	-2.0
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	110.3	110.9	110.7	0.2	-0.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.2
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products(3)	30-15-01	06/09	152.8	152.4	152.4	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.0
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	217.5	217.5	217.5	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Courier and messenger services, except air mail	30-16-02	04/09	146.9	147.1	153.8	5.1	4.6	0.2	0.4	0.5
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	159.3	160.5	168.0	7.0	4.7	0.4	0.7	1.0
Transportation of passengers (partial)	30-2	06/09	115.6	116.7	117.4	-3.6	0.6	1.0	-4.5	-1.8
Services related to water transportation(3)	31-1	06/09	116.5	118.8	119.0	3.2	0.2	0.3	0.8	0.2
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	104.9	105.5	107.3	3.1	1.7	1.2	0.0	1.7
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	104.3	105.1	105.2	3.4	0.1	2.4	-0.1	0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		11/09	114.2	114.8	115.4	2.7	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.1
Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio(3)	35	06/09	131.2	131.0	137.7	6.9	5.1	0.2	-0.2	5.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers	36-11	06/09	105.3	106.7	106.2	0.0	-0.5	1.2	0.3	-0.6
Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists(3)	36-12	12/08	100.5	100.5	100.5	-4.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Television advertising time sales	36-2	06/09	109.1	112.4	105.5	-5.0	-6.1	0.7	3.6	-3.6
Radio advertising time sales	36-3	03/09	96.2	98.9	92.8	-2.7	-6.2	-0.5	4.4	-1.6
Internet advertising space sales, excluding Internet ads sold by print publishers(3)	36-5	12/09	71.6	74.4	69.7	0.7	-6.3	3.1	1.5	-6.3
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	95.8	101.6	101.5	5.7	-0.1	5.7	0.2	-0.1
Cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication services(3)	37-21	03/09	65.5	66.3	64.6	-6.5	-2.6	0.8	0.5	-2.6
Cable and satellite subscriber services	37-3	12/08	122.8	122.8	125.7	5.1	2.4	0.3	0.2	2.0
Bundled wired telecommunication access services(3)	37-5	12/11	102.9	102.4	102.9	1.4	0.5	-3.1	1.1	0.5
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	100.9	101.0	100.8	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	205.5	190.7	207.7	6.1	8.9	-0.6	-2.9	2.7
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.7	63.4	62.6	1.8	-1.3	-1.0	3.8	-1.3
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	104.3	102.7	102.7	4.5	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	201.3	209.8	209.3	8.8	-0.2	1.4	1.0	-0.2
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	165.7	167.1	170.0	9.0	1.7	0.7	0.7	1.7
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	104.0	104.0	104.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	125.4	125.4	126.1	1.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	-1.0
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	119.5	119.6	120.4	3.0	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.7
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	114.9	115.9	116.1	2.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-1	06/09	105.7	105.9	106.5	1.7	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.6
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	113.4	113.9	114.1	1.2	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.2
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	116.9	119.1	120.8	3.6	1.4	0.0	0.6	1.4
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	116.2	115.3	115.8	1.0	0.4	0.0	-0.8	0.4
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	85.2	85.5	82.8	-0.7	-3.2	0.7	1.3	-5.3
Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing(3)	44-2	06/09	108.9	107.8	107.1	4.6	-0.6	0.8	0.7	-0.6
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	99.9	98.9	99.2	2.7	0.3	-2.1	0.4	0.3
Legal services	45-1	03/09	127.3	126.3	129.2	3.3	2.3	1.2	-1.2	1.0
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	106.7	107.1	107.3	-0.3	0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.4
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	112.5	112.9	113.4	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting(3)	45-4	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Advertising and related services (partial)(3)	45-5	12/08	108.7	108.7	109.1	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Permanent placement services(3)	46-1	03/09	116.5	116.8	117.5	1.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.6
Executive search services(3)	46-2	12/08	96.5	93.9	95.2	-3.3	1.4	-0.5	-2.5	1.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	112.6	112.4	112.6	0.9	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	110.7	111.1	112.7	2.9	1.4	0.0	0.4	1.4
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	110.8	110.8	111.1	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	123.5	123.9	125.9	5.2	1.6	0.4	0.4	1.2
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	116.3	111.3	111.7	4.5	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.0
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	119.4	120.7	120.7	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aircraft repair and maintenance	55-4	04/09	119.9	119.9	122.3	3.6	2.0	0.2	0.2	0.7
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	184.1	184.4	184.9	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3

Construction for intermediate demand		11/09	114.4	114.8	115.5	1.8	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.4
Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)	80-2	12/10	115.7	116.0	116.7	1.7	0.6	0.1	0.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 6. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by production flow category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2018 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Sept. 2017(2)	Dec. 2017(2)	Jan. 2018(2)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Stage 4 intermediate demand		11/09	113.6	114.0	114.7	3.1	0.6	0.5	0.0	0.3
Stage 4 intermediate demand goods		04/10	108.7	108.8	109.7	3.4	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.7
Grains	01-2		129.9	130.6	135.3	1.7	3.6	-0.2	-1.9	3.7
Meats	02-21		180.2	173.6	174.6	4.1	0.6	3.0	-3.1	0.4
Unprocessed and packaged fish	02-23		330.6	328.6	358.3	6.3	9.0	1.2	-1.4	3.8
Dairy products	02-3		199.5	195.7	192.4	-3.3	-1.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.3
Commercial electric power	05-42		206.7	192.3	197.8	3.3	2.9	-2.9	-0.2	2.2
Industrial electric power	05-43		249.0	237.1	244.5	5.5	3.1	-1.0	0.0	-0.7
Gasoline	05-71		187.2	181.1	187.7	12.8	3.6	11.0	-1.5	7.1
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		254.1	271.8	267.8	11.4	-1.5	-0.1	3.5	-1.2
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		276.1	277.1	278.6	2.3	0.5	0.6	-0.2	0.5
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		174.7	174.7	174.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Biological products, including diagnostics(3)	06-37		261.4	261.0	262.1	-1.4	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.4
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	245.5	251.5	258.5	6.1	2.8	0.5	0.2	0.1
Plastic construction products	07-21	00/82	218.7	222.4	221.8	4.1	-0.3	2.5	-1.8	-0.4
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		217.8	221.3	222.4	5.6	0.5	0.8	0.0	0.5
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		149.7	150.8	150.8	1.7	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	111.0	112.4	114.4	5.1	1.8	0.1	1.3	1.8
Lumber(3)	08-1	00/82	220.7	223.8	225.4	11.0	0.7	0.9	-0.5	0.7
Millwork	08-2		249.0	250.9	251.9	4.2	0.4	-0.4	1.0	0.4
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		262.2	261.3	260.6	2.0	-0.3	0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	170.3	170.4	170.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		189.3	187.4	187.6	5.3	0.1	-1.4	0.4	0.1
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		240.5	245.3	249.4	8.3	1.7	0.6	0.0	1.7
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		220.0	220.8	222.3	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.5
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		157.7	158.6	159.3	2.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		185.4	185.4	188.5	3.6	1.7	-0.2	0.2	1.7
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		229.2	230.1	230.3	1.0	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		65.9	65.9	66.0	-2.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2
Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment(3)	11-79		119.9	120.3	120.4	2.7	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		166.0	165.8	167.7	1.1	1.1	0.0	-0.1	1.1
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		184.9	185.2	185.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Concrete ingredients and related products	13-2		291.0	290.5	293.9	3.0	1.2	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Concrete products	13-3		255.2	256.6	257.5	2.7	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.0
Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products(3)	13-61		222.6	225.6	226.3	2.6	0.3	-0.1	1.3	0.3
Paving mixtures and blocks(3)	13-94		288.2	287.2	305.1	-0.4	6.2	0.8	-1.3	6.2
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		125.5	125.6	125.8	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	224.3	225.1	225.5	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.4
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	184.8	185.3	185.6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.2
Medical, surgical and personal aid devices	15-6		178.4	179.6	180.2	1.1	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Stage 4 intermediate demand services		04/10	115.0	115.7	116.2	2.9	0.4	0.6	-0.1	0.0
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	116.2	117.4	119.1	5.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	1.4
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	134.6	134.9	138.3	3.9	2.5	0.2	0.3	0.6
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	106.5	107.4	108.1	-3.7	0.7	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	104.3	105.1	105.2	3.4	0.1	2.4	-0.1	0.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers	36-11	06/09	105.3	106.7	106.2	0.0	-0.5	1.2	0.3	-0.6
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	100.9	101.0	100.8	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	205.5	190.7	207.7	6.1	8.9	-0.6	-2.9	2.7
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.7	63.4	62.6	1.8	-1.3	-1.0	3.8	-1.3
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	201.3	209.8	209.3	8.8	-0.2	1.4	1.0	-0.2
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	165.7	167.1	170.0	9.0	1.7	0.7	0.7	1.7
Insurance	41-11	06/09	118.4	118.5	119.1	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	114.9	115.9	116.1	2.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	113.4	113.9	114.1	1.2	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.2
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	116.9	119.1	120.8	3.6	1.4	0.0	0.6	1.4
Nonresidential property management fees(3)	43-13	12/08	88.9	91.4	91.9	-4.0	0.5	-1.1	1.7	0.5
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	116.2	115.3	115.8	1.0	0.4	0.0	-0.8	0.4
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	99.9	98.9	99.2	2.7	0.3	-2.1	0.4	0.3
Legal services	45-1	03/09	127.3	126.3	129.2	3.3	2.3	1.2	-1.2	1.0
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	108.7	108.7	109.1	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	106.7	107.1	107.3	-0.3	0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.4
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	112.5	112.9	113.4	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting(3)	45-4	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	112.6	112.4	112.6	0.9	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	110.8	110.8	111.1	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	119.4	120.7	120.7	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	117.4	117.9	116.8	3.3	-0.9	1.9	-1.1	-0.9
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	95.7	94.9	93.2	-2.0	-1.8	2.4	-0.2	-1.2
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	131.9	140.6	140.5	4.5	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	100.7	103.1	100.7	1.5	-2.3	2.7	-1.2	-2.3
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	128.3	129.0	132.1	13.2	2.4	2.7	1.1	2.4
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	106.0	106.4	106.3	-1.0	-0.1	2.1	-0.7	-0.1
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	115.4	116.6	118.6	3.1	1.7	-0.3	0.0	1.7
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	184.1	184.4	184.9	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3

Stage 3 intermediate demand		11/09	112.3	113.5	114.2	4.1	0.6	1.2	0.4	0.4
Stage 3 intermediate demand goods		04/10	103.0	104.4	105.2	5.2	0.8	1.7	0.9	0.8
Slaughter cattle	01-31		161.8	174.7	174.6	0.1	-0.1	3.6	-0.1	-4.9
Slaughter hogs	01-32		81.1	80.4	84.7	11.9	5.3	20.4	4.4	9.4
Slaughter poultry	01-4		231.5	221.2	240.4	6.3	8.7	-1.5	-0.1	3.8
Raw milk	01-6		135.8	129.1	118.8	-17.6	-8.0	-1.1	1.0	-6.8
Commercial electric power	05-42		206.7	192.3	197.8	3.3	2.9	-2.9	-0.2	2.2
Industrial electric power	05-43		249.0	237.1	244.5	5.5	3.1	-1.0	0.0	-0.7
Gasoline	05-71		187.2	181.1	187.7	12.8	3.6	11.0	-1.5	7.1
Jet fuel	05-72-03		181.6	194.9	204.6	24.5	5.0	2.2	5.9	8.1
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		394.0	398.4	402.3	5.3	1.0	-0.1	1.5	1.0
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	109.4	106.2	107.5	15.5	1.2	-4.3	0.4	1.2
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	167.0	167.7	157.4	21.6	-6.1	-1.0	9.5	0.9
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		258.5	263.8	269.0	7.0	2.0	0.5	-0.1	2.0
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		254.1	271.8	267.8	11.4	-1.5	-0.1	3.5	-1.2
Paints and allied products(3)	06-2		271.6	273.1	275.5	3.6	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.9
Agricultural chemicals and chemical products	06-5		200.9	205.7	210.5	5.9	2.3	0.9	0.9	1.6
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		232.9	241.6	238.5	8.2	-1.3	1.8	2.2	-1.6
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		196.1	195.7	198.7	-4.3	1.5	-2.8	-1.5	1.5
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		217.8	221.3	222.4	5.6	0.5	0.8	0.0	0.5
Paper(3)	09-13		186.4	189.4	191.6	3.0	1.2	0.2	0.8	1.2
Paperboard(3)	09-14		265.5	266.7	266.0	8.7	-0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.3
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		235.2	234.3	234.4	1.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	170.3	170.4	170.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		206.6	206.6	206.9	0.6	0.1	0.2	-0.5	0.1
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		189.3	187.4	187.6	5.3	0.1	-1.4	0.4	0.1
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		207.0	207.3	212.6	12.0	2.6	1.2	-1.8	2.6
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		212.7	214.3	215.1	2.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.0
Metal containers(3)	10-3		150.0	153.1	153.1	4.7	0.0	1.7	0.1	0.0
Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products	10-74		213.2	213.7	216.4	3.4	1.3	0.4	-0.2	1.0
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81		191.8	191.7	191.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		157.7	158.6	159.3	2.4	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		232.3	233.2	234.7	2.3	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.5
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		113.4	113.5	114.0	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		325.5	325.3	329.1	2.9	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.4
Cement	13-22		247.7	246.8	249.6	3.1	1.1	0.6	0.1	-1.2
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		125.5	125.6	125.8	0.9	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	14-2		269.6	270.3	270.9	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Stage 3 intermediate demand services		04/10	113.5	114.2	114.8	3.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.0
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	117.8	120.3	120.9	4.1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.5
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	134.6	134.9	138.3	3.9	2.5	0.2	0.3	0.6
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	104.9	105.5	107.3	3.1	1.7	1.2	0.0	1.7
Freight forwarding(3)	31-32-01	12/08	96.7	97.0	97.0	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	104.3	105.1	105.2	3.4	0.1	2.4	-0.1	0.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists	36-1	06/09	103.9	105.0	104.6	-0.9	-0.4	0.9	0.3	-0.6
Wired telephone services(3)	37-1	06/09	112.3	116.1	116.2	3.9	0.1	2.6	0.6	0.1
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	102.9	102.4	102.9	1.4	0.5	-3.1	1.1	0.5
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	100.9	101.0	100.8	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	205.5	190.7	207.7	6.1	8.9	-0.6	-2.9	2.7
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.7	63.4	62.6	1.8	-1.3	-1.0	3.8	-1.3
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Insurance	41-11	06/09	118.4	118.5	119.1	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	113.4	113.9	114.1	1.2	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.2
Legal services	45-1	03/09	127.3	126.3	129.2	3.3	2.3	1.2	-1.2	1.0
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	106.7	107.1	107.3	-0.3	0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.4
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	112.5	112.9	113.4	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting(3)	45-4	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	108.7	108.7	109.1	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	112.6	112.4	112.6	0.9	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Aircraft repair maintenance	55-4	04/09	119.9	119.9	122.3	3.6	2.0	0.2	0.2	0.7
Parts and supplies for machinery and equipment wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	117.4	117.9	116.8	3.3	-0.9	1.9	-1.1	-0.9
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	95.7	94.9	93.2	-2.0	-1.8	2.4	-0.2	-1.2
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	131.9	140.6	140.5	4.5	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	100.7	103.1	100.7	1.5	-2.3	2.7	-1.2	-2.3
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	128.3	129.0	132.1	13.2	2.4	2.7	1.1	2.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	103.6	104.0	104.3	-0.7	0.3	2.2	-0.8	0.3
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	184.1	184.4	184.9	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3

Stage 2 intermediate demand		11/09	103.3	105.6	106.3	3.0	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.5
Stage 2 intermediate demand goods		04/10	87.3	90.9	91.5	3.6	0.7	2.0	1.7	0.5
Corn	01-22-02		127.7	128.8	132.7	-2.8	3.0	-1.2	-1.7	3.2
Oilseeds	01-83		173.2	176.5	174.6	-5.1	-1.1	1.1	-0.4	-0.6
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		183.0	184.5	183.8	-1.2	-0.4	0.8	0.6	0.5
Coal	05-1		195.2	196.1	199.4	-0.6	1.7	-0.9	-0.1	1.0
Natural gas(3)	05-31		111.6	124.2	107.9	-30.9	-13.1	2.9	13.7	-13.1
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		175.3	155.7	164.1	6.1	5.4	3.8	-4.8	5.4
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		134.9	161.5	180.3	30.3	11.6	11.0	1.8	11.6
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Industrial chemicals	06-1		254.2	269.8	267.2	10.6	-1.0	0.0	2.9	-0.7
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		232.9	241.6	238.5	8.2	-1.3	1.8	2.2	-1.6
Plastic products(3)	07-2		201.6	203.6	204.6	4.0	0.5	1.0	-0.2	0.5
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips	08-5		237.5	241.0	243.1	1.0	0.9	2.3	-1.1	1.0
Paper(3)	09-13		186.4	189.4	191.6	3.0	1.2	0.2	0.8	1.2
Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard(3)	09-14-11	12/82	279.1	280.5	279.6	8.5	-0.3	0.0	0.2	-0.3
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	170.3	170.4	170.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		463.2	442.8	499.7	14.7	12.9	-3.0	7.6	12.9
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		189.3	187.4	187.6	5.3	0.1	-1.4	0.4	0.1
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		207.0	207.3	212.6	12.0	2.6	1.2	-1.8	2.6
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		113.4	113.5	114.0	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		65.9	65.9	66.0	-2.2	0.2	0.5	0.8	0.2
Stage 2 intermediate demand services		04/10	113.9	114.8	115.6	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.3
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	117.8	120.3	120.9	4.1	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.5
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	116.2	117.4	119.1	5.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	1.4
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products(3)	30-15-01	12/08	152.8	152.4	152.4	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.0
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	217.5	217.5	217.5	1.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Courier and messenger services, except air	30-16-02	04/09	146.9	147.1	153.8	5.1	4.6	0.2	0.4	0.5
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	159.3	160.5	168.0	7.0	4.7	0.4	0.7	1.0
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	106.5	107.4	108.1	-3.7	0.7	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	104.9	105.5	107.3	3.1	1.7	1.2	0.0	1.7
Television advertising time sales	36-21	06/09	109.1	112.4	105.5	-5.0	-6.1	0.7	3.6	-3.6
Wireless telecommunication services(3)	37-2	06/09	67.1	67.9	66.1	-6.5	-2.7	0.6	0.6	-2.7
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	100.9	101.0	100.8	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	201.3	209.8	209.3	8.8	-0.2	1.4	1.0	-0.2
Investment banking(3)	40-31	12/08	165.7	167.1	170.0	9.0	1.7	0.7	0.7	1.7
Insurance	41-11	06/09	118.4	118.5	119.1	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-11	06/09	105.7	105.9	106.5	1.7	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.6
Legal services	45-1	03/09	127.3	126.3	129.2	3.3	2.3	1.2	-1.2	1.0
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	106.7	107.1	107.3	-0.3	0.2	0.4	-0.1	-0.4
Management, scientific, and technical consulting(3)	45-4	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	108.7	108.7	109.1	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	112.6	112.4	112.6	0.9	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	110.7	111.1	112.7	2.9	1.4	0.0	0.4	1.4
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	110.8	110.8	111.1	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Traveler accommodation services	53-1	06/09	116.3	111.3	111.7	4.5	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.0
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	119.4	120.7	120.7	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	115.4	116.6	118.6	3.1	1.7	-0.3	0.0	1.7

Stage 1 intermediate demand		11/09	111.4	112.7	113.8	5.6	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.9
Stage 1 intermediate demand goods		04/10	95.9	97.4	98.7	7.8	1.3	0.8	1.2	1.7
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		183.0	184.5	183.8	-1.2	-0.4	0.8	0.6	0.5
Commercial electric power	05-42		206.7	192.3	197.8	3.3	2.9	-2.9	-0.2	2.2
Industrial electric power	05-43		249.0	237.1	244.5	5.5	3.1	-1.0	0.0	-0.7
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	185.8	194.1	191.5	-0.3	-1.3	1.5	1.0	-2.7
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	155.8	162.5	157.9	-6.7	-2.8	0.4	0.0	-1.9
Gasoline	05-71		187.2	181.1	187.7	12.8	3.6	11.0	-1.5	7.1
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		204.2	223.9	231.0	43.4	3.2	5.2	2.8	5.1
Industrial chemicals	06-1		254.2	269.8	267.2	10.6	-1.0	0.0	2.9	-0.7
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		276.1	277.1	278.6	2.3	0.5	0.6	-0.2	0.5
Plastic construction products	07-21		218.7	222.4	221.8	4.1	-0.3	2.5	-1.8	-0.4
Wastepaper(3)	09-12		417.8	351.6	334.9	-12.7	-4.7	14.9	3.0	-4.7
Paper(3)	09-13		186.4	189.4	191.6	3.0	1.2	0.2	0.8	1.2
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		235.2	234.3	234.4	1.0	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		463.2	442.8	499.7	14.7	12.9	-3.0	7.6	12.9
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		189.3	187.4	187.6	5.3	0.1	-1.4	0.4	0.1
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		195.3	190.4	198.7	12.3	4.4	-1.2	-1.9	4.4
Nonferrous scrap	10-23		354.2	359.8	374.2	19.2	4.0	2.7	-0.7	4.0
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		240.5	245.3	249.4	8.3	1.7	0.6	0.0	1.7
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		220.0	220.8	222.3	2.7	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.5
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		232.3	233.2	234.7	2.3	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.5
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		325.5	325.3	329.1	2.9	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.4
Stage 1 intermediate demand services		04/10	116.3	116.9	117.4	2.6	0.4	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	116.2	117.4	119.1	5.2	1.4	0.3	0.9	1.4
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	106.5	107.4	108.1	-3.7	0.7	1.0	-4.7	-1.6
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists	36-1	06/09	103.9	105.0	104.6	-0.9	-0.4	0.9	0.3	-0.6
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	95.8	101.6	101.5	5.7	-0.1	5.7	0.2	-0.1
Wireless telecommunication services(3)	37-2	06/09	67.1	67.9	66.1	-6.5	-2.7	0.6	0.6	-2.7
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	102.9	102.4	102.9	1.4	0.5	-3.1	1.1	0.5
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	205.5	190.7	207.7	6.1	8.9	-0.6	-2.9	2.7
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.7	63.4	62.6	1.8	-1.3	-1.0	3.8	-1.3
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-11	06/09	141.2	147.4	149.8	10.8	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	201.3	209.8	209.3	8.8	-0.2	1.4	1.0	-0.2
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	165.7	167.1	170.0	9.0	1.7	0.7	0.7	1.7
Insurance	41-11	06/09	118.4	118.5	119.1	2.1	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	113.4	113.9	114.1	1.2	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.2
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	112.5	112.9	113.4	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.4
Management consulting services(3)	45-41	06/09	104.6	103.7	103.5	-1.4	-0.2	0.3	-1.4	-0.2
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	123.5	123.9	125.9	5.2	1.6	0.4	0.4	1.2
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	116.3	111.3	111.7	4.5	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.0
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	119.4	120.7	120.7	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	117.4	117.9	116.8	3.3	-0.9	1.9	-1.1	-0.9
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	95.7	94.9	93.2	-2.0	-1.8	2.4	-0.2	-1.2
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	131.9	140.6	140.5	4.5	-0.1	0.7	1.5	-0.1
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	100.7	103.1	100.7	1.5	-2.3	2.7	-1.2	-2.3
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	128.3	129.0	132.1	13.2	2.4	2.7	1.1	2.4
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	115.4	116.6	118.6	3.1	1.7	-0.3	0.0	1.7
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	230.5	231.7	231.9	4.2	0.1	-0.1	0.5	0.1
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 7. Producer price indexes for selected final demand and intermediate demand categories, seasonally adjusted [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Index(1)
Grouping	Other index base	Aug. 2017	Sept. 2017	Oct. 2017	Nov. 2017	Dec. 2017	Jan. 2018
Final demand		113.1	113.4	114.0	114.4	114.4	114.9
Final demand goods		111.1	111.8	112.0	113.0	113.1	113.9
Final demand foods		116.4	116.3	116.7	117.2	116.7	116.5
Final demand energy		98.9	101.8	101.7	105.4	105.9	109.5
Final demand goods less foods and energy		113.3	113.5	113.8	114.1	114.3	114.5
Final demand services		113.8	114.0	114.6	114.8	114.7	115.1
Final demand trade services		115.4	115.2	116.6	116.2	115.7	116.1
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		115.2	116.7	117.5	118.1	117.4	117.9
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		113.0	113.1	113.4	113.7	113.9	114.4
Intermediate demand by commodity type
Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	190.7	191.9	193.3	194.3	195.2	196.5
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	179.7	180.5	181.6	182.1	183.1	183.4
Materials and components for construction	00/82	235.7	236.3	237.1	238.6	238.3	239.5
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	168.9	173.0	176.7	179.3	181.0	185.4
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	227.7	227.6	227.2	228.7	228.4	228.6
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	193.4	193.3	193.9	194.1	194.5	195.1
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	187.7	188.6	188.1	193.8	197.4	199.2
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	164.6	162.9	163.6	167.2	167.3	165.9
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	228.2	233.0	233.0	243.6	247.4	265.9
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	137.3	137.0	133.4	134.9	144.9	131.5
Services for intermediate demand		115.3	115.5	115.9	116.5	116.5	116.6
Trade services for intermediate demand		115.8	115.5	115.8	117.0	117.0	116.7
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		120.5	121.3	121.8	122.4	122.3	122.7
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		114.2	114.3	114.7	115.2	115.3	115.4
Intermediate demand by production flow
Stage 4 intermediate demand		113.2	113.4	113.9	114.5	114.5	114.9
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		110.0	110.3	110.5	111.0	111.1	111.2
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		115.6	115.7	116.3	116.7	116.6	116.9
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		112.0	112.4	113.1	114.1	114.4	115.5
Stage 3 intermediate demand		111.8	112.2	112.6	114.0	114.5	115.0
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		114.5	114.4	114.8	116.1	116.8	116.5
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		110.2	111.2	111.4	112.8	113.0	114.2
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		100.6	102.6	106.3	109.1	110.1	113.5
Stage 2 intermediate demand		102.9	103.5	104.0	105.1	105.9	106.4
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		93.1	94.2	94.7	96.6	98.2	98.7
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		112.5	112.7	113.1	113.6	113.7	114.1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		110.6	111.3	111.9	112.7	113.4	114.4
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		106.9	107.6	107.8	108.6	110.0	111.2
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		114.2	114.9	116.1	116.7	116.9	117.7
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		112.7	113.0	113.6	114.5	114.7	115.8

Special groupings
Final demand less foods and energy	04/10	112.6	112.7	113.3	113.5	113.4	113.9
Final demand less foods	04/10	111.3	111.6	112.1	112.6	112.6	113.2
Final demand less energy	04/10	112.6	112.7	113.3	113.5	113.4	113.8
Total finished(2)	01/10	112.7	113.0	113.5	113.9	113.8	114.4
Total exports	04/10	108.7	109.3	109.6	110.0	110.2	110.6
Total Government purchases	04/10	107.6	108.1	108.7	109.1	109.4	110.0
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	111.6	111.8	112.1	111.9	112.0	112.6
Finished goods(2)	00/82	197.8	199.0	199.3	201.4	201.3	202.7

Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	190.7	192.2	193.7	194.7	195.7	197.2
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	191.1	189.6	190.4	191.0	190.6	190.1
Processed energy goods	00/82	169.6	173.8	177.5	180.2	181.8	186.3
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	193.6	194.2	195.1	195.7	196.5	197.1

Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	197.0	200.0	198.5	206.1	212.8	216.6
Unprocessed energy materials	00/82	144.6	146.6	148.6	156.9	163.8	164.7
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy	00/82	329.1	333.8	321.8	324.7	329.4	342.0

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	108.0	108.3	108.9	109.3	109.4	110.2
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	114.9	115.1	115.5	116.2	116.1	116.1
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	102.1	102.8	103.2	105.0	105.9	106.8
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	113.4	113.6	113.9	114.6	114.7	114.7
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	86.4	87.5	87.9	89.7	91.2	91.7
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	113.9	114.1	114.6	115.1	115.2	115.6
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	94.5	95.4	96.0	96.8	98.0	99.7
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	116.4	116.6	117.3	117.9	117.7	117.5
Footnotes (1) All seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change up to 5 years after original publication due to the recalculation of seasonal factors each January. The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. (2) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.

Table 8. Producer price indexes for selected commodity groupings, not seasonally adjusted [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Index			Percent change to Jan. 2018 from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Sept. 2017(1)	Dec. 2017(1)	Jan. 2018(1)	Jan. 2017	Dec. 2017
Goods
All commodities			194.8	196.4	197.8	3.7	0.7
Farm products, processed foods and feeds			189.5	189.6	189.5	1.2	-0.1
Farm products	01		156.1	160.2	160.0	2.5	-0.1
Processed foods and feeds	02		205.8	204.0	204.1	0.7	0.0
Industrial commodities			195.5	197.3	199.0	4.2	0.9
Textile products and apparel	03		145.2	145.3	147.0	1.9	1.2
Hides, skins, leather, and related products	04		187.0	187.7	191.7	-1.9	2.1
Fuels and related products and power	05		169.2	170.9	174.1	8.0	1.9
Chemicals and allied products	06		280.6	288.9	290.1	6.0	0.4
Rubber and plastic products	07		189.5	190.9	191.8	3.2	0.5
Lumber and wood products	08		231.7	234.9	236.3	5.8	0.6
Pulp, paper, and allied products	09		256.6	256.4	256.6	1.9	0.1
Metals and metal products	10		211.2	211.0	214.7	6.2	1.8
Machinery and equipment	11		137.9	138.1	138.5	0.7	0.3
Furniture and household durables	12		167.3	167.6	168.9	2.0	0.8
Nonmetallic mineral products	13		239.1	239.6	242.5	2.3	1.2
Transportation equipment	14		178.3	180.4	180.5	1.0	0.1
Miscellaneous products	15		257.6	260.4	260.8	2.4	0.2
Industrial commodities less fuels			200.0	201.9	203.0	3.2	0.5
Other commodity groupings
Petroleum products, refined	057		188.3	192.9	199.1	20.4	3.2
Industrial chemicals	061		254.2	269.8	267.2	10.6	-1.0
Rubber and rubber products	071		175.0	174.8	175.9	1.0	0.6
Lumber	081		220.7	223.8	225.4	11.0	0.7
Iron and steel	101		215.7	212.2	217.9	6.4	2.7
Nonferrous metals	102		240.4	241.9	248.5	12.7	2.7
General purpose machinery and equipment	114		232.3	233.2	234.7	2.3	0.6
Electrical machinery and equipment	117		113.4	113.5	114.0	0.3	0.4
Electronic components and accessories	1178		65.9	65.9	66.0	-2.2	0.2
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	142		269.6	270.3	270.9	1.1	0.2
Services and construction
Transportation services	30	06/09	122.0	123.1	124.7	2.7	1.3
Services related to transportation activities	31	06/09	111.1	111.6	112.3	2.1	0.6
Warehousing, storage, and related activities	32	12/08	104.3	105.1	105.2	3.4	0.1
Publishing sales, excluding software	33	06/09	115.4	115.4	118.0	3.1	2.3
Software publishing	34	06/09	90.2	90.3	90.7	1.0	0.4
Network compensation from broadcast and cable television and radio	35	06/09	131.2	131.0	137.7	6.9	5.1
Advertising space and time sales	36	06/09	101.2	103.3	99.2	-2.9	-4.0
Telecommunication, cable, and internet user services	37	06/09	98.6	99.8	99.7	0.8	-0.1
Data processing and related services	38	06/09	100.9	101.0	100.8	0.0	-0.2
Credit intermediation services (partial)	39	06/09	89.2	86.9	89.4	2.6	2.9
Investment services	40	06/09	161.3	167.8	168.9	9.6	0.7
Insurance and annuities	41	06/09	117.5	117.7	118.3	2.2	0.5
Commissions and fees from sales and administration of insurance policies (partial)	42	06/09	105.7	105.9	106.5	1.7	0.6
Real estate services (partial)	43	06/09	118.8	119.9	121.3	3.9	1.2
Rental and leasing of goods (partial)	44	06/09	94.9	94.4	93.2	1.9	-1.3
Professional services (partial)	45	06/09	115.9	115.5	116.6	1.2	1.0
Employment services	46	06/09	112.6	112.3	112.6	0.9	0.3
Travel arrangement services	47	06/09	101.7	100.4	98.3	-3.2	-2.1
Selected security services (partial)	48	03/09	110.7	111.1	112.7	2.9	1.4
Cleaning and building maintenance services (partial)	49	03/09	110.8	110.8	111.1	0.2	0.3
Waste collection and remediation services (partial)	50	12/08	123.5	123.9	125.9	5.2	1.6
Health care services	51	06/09	116.4	116.9	117.7	1.7	0.7
Education services (partial)	52	12/08	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation services	53	06/09	116.3	111.3	111.7	4.5	0.4
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)	54	06/09	120.6	121.1	120.9	2.5	-0.2
Repair and maintenance services (partial)	55	06/09	123.9	124.3	125.0	2.1	0.6
Entertainment services (partial)	56	06/09	113.2	114.4	112.3	0.2	-1.8
Wholesale trade services	57	06/09	116.1	116.7	116.1	3.7	-0.5
Retail trade services	58	06/09	114.0	114.2	115.2	0.3	0.9
Metal treatment services	59	12/84	184.1	184.4	184.9	0.8	0.3
Mining services	60	06/85	230.5	231.7	231.9	4.2	0.1
Contract work on textile products, apparel, and leather	61	06/10	109.2	109.2	109.7	1.1	0.5
Construction (partial)	80	06/09	113.9	114.5	115.3	3.1	0.7
Footnotes (1) The indexes for September 2017 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Last Modified Date: February 15, 2018