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Economic News Release
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PPI PPI Program Links

Producer Price Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                          USDL 24-0269
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 16, 2024

Technical information:      (202) 691-7705  *  ppi-info@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact:              (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov   


                           PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2024


The Producer Price Index for final demand increased 0.3 percent in January, seasonally adjusted, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Final demand prices declined 0.1 percent in 
December 2023 and advanced 0.1 percent in November. (See table A.) On an unadjusted basis, 
the index for final demand rose 0.9 percent for the 12 months ended January 2024. 

In January, the advance in the index for final demand can be traced to a 0.6-percent rise in prices 
for final demand services. In contrast, the index for final demand goods decreased 0.2 percent.

The index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services rose 0.6 percent in January 
2024, the largest advance since moving up 0.6 percent in January 2023. For the 12 months ended 
January 2024, prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services increased 2.6 
percent. 

Final Demand

Final demand services: The index for final demand services moved up 0.6 percent in January, the 
largest increase since rising 0.8 percent in July 2023. In January, most of the advance is attributable 
to prices for final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, which climbed 0.8 
percent. The index for final demand trade services moved up 0.2 percent. (Trade indexes measure 
changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) Conversely, prices for final demand 
transportation and warehousing services fell 0.4 percent. 

Product detail: A 2.2-percent increase in the index for hospital outpatient care was a major factor in 
the January rise in prices for final demand services. The indexes for chemicals and allied products 
wholesaling, machinery and equipment wholesaling, portfolio management, traveler accommodation 
services, and legal services also moved higher. In contrast, prices for long-distance motor carrying 
decreased 1.0 percent. The indexes for computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing and for 
engineering services also moved lower. (See table 2.)

Final demand goods: The index for final demand goods moved down 0.2 percent in January, the 
fourth consecutive decline. Most of the January decrease is attributable to a 1.7-percent drop in prices 
for final demand energy. The index for final demand foods fell 0.3 percent. Conversely, prices for 
final demand goods less foods and energy increased 0.3 percent.

Product detail: Leading the January decline in the index for final demand goods, prices for gasoline 
fell 3.6 percent. The indexes for electric power; hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds; beef and veal; ethanol; 
and iron and steel scrap also moved lower. In contrast, prices for communication and related 
equipment increased 2.4 percent. The indexes for soft drinks and for liquified petroleum gas also 
moved higher.

Table A. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted
Month Total
final
demand
Final
demand
less
foods,
energy,
and
trade
Final demand goods Final demand services Change
in final
demand
from 12
months
ago
(unadj.)
Change
in final
demand
less
foods,
energy,
and
trade
from 12
mo. ago
(unadj.)
Total Foods Energy Less
foods
and
energy
Total Trade Transportation
and
warehousing
Other

2023

Jan.

0.4 0.6 1.1 -1.4 4.7 0.6 0.1 -0.9 -0.5 0.6 5.7 4.4

Feb.

0.0 0.3 -0.6 -2.3 -1.7 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 4.7 4.5

Mar.

-0.4 0.1 -0.8 0.3 -4.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 0.1 2.7 3.7

Apr.

0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 -2.2 0.5 2.3 3.4

May

-0.2 0.0 -1.2 -0.8 -5.4 0.1 0.2 0.7 -0.7 0.1 1.1 2.9

June

0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.3 0.5 0.3 2.9

July

0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.8 1.7 0.2 0.4 1.1 2.9

Aug.

0.6 0.2 1.7 -0.4 8.9 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.3 1.9 2.9

Sept.(1)

0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 3.2 0.3 -0.1 -1.1 0.4 0.3 1.8 2.9

Oct.(1)

-0.4 0.1 -1.3 0.2 -6.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 2.8

Nov.(1)

0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.7 -1.8 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.7 2.5

Dec.(1)

-0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 -1.0 -0.2 0.3 1.0 2.6

2024

Jan.

0.3 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 -1.7 0.3 0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.9 2.6

Footnotes
(1) Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2023. In addition, indexes for September 2023 through December 2023 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Within intermediate demand in January, the index for processed goods fell 0.2 percent, prices for 
unprocessed goods edged up 0.1 percent, and the index for services rose 0.5 percent. (See tables B 
and C.)

Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate 
demand fell 0.2 percent in January, the fourth consecutive decrease. Leading the January decline, 
prices for processed energy goods dropped 1.7 percent. The index for processed foods and feeds 
moved down 1.5 percent. Conversely, prices for processed materials less foods and energy advanced 
0.3 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for processed goods for intermediate 
demand decreased 3.8 percent.

Product detail: Leading the decline in prices for processed goods for intermediate demand, the index 
for electric power fell 2.1 percent. Prices for basic organic chemicals, gasoline, meats, prepared 
animal feeds, and lubricating oil base stocks also moved lower. In contrast, the index for inedible fats 
and oils jumped 23.3 percent. Prices for utility natural gas and for cold rolled steel sheet and strip 
also increased. 

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: The index for unprocessed goods for intermediate 
demand inched up 0.1 percent in January following three straight declines. The increase is 
attributable to prices for unprocessed energy materials, which rose 3.8 percent. Conversely, the index 
for unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs fell 2.2 percent, and prices for unprocessed nonfood 
materials less energy moved down 1.7 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for 
unprocessed goods for intermediate demand declined 15.0 percent.

Product detail: Leading the rise in prices for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand in January, 
the index for crude petroleum advanced 6.1 percent. Prices for slaughter steers and heifers; 
construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone; slaughter turkeys; and unprocessed finfish also 
increased. In contrast, the index for corn declined 6.5 percent. Prices for hay, hayseeds, and oilseeds; 
iron and steel scrap; and natural gas also moved lower.

Table B. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for goods by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month Processed goods for intermediate demand Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
Total Foods
and
feeds
Energy
goods
Less
foods
and
energy
Total,
change
from 12
months
ago
(unadj.)
Total Foodstuffs
and
feedstuffs
Energy
materials
Nonfood
materials
less
energy
Total,
change
from 12
months
ago
(unadj.)

2023

Jan.

1.0 0.2 4.4 0.1 3.9 -4.2 -4.8 -7.0 2.5 2.8

Feb.

-0.4 -1.9 -1.8 0.2 2.1 -5.2 -1.3 -10.9 -0.6 -10.4

Mar.

-0.8 -0.2 -3.1 -0.2 -1.0 -4.6 -0.6 -11.1 -0.6 -16.8

Apr.

-0.7 -1.3 -3.4 0.2 -3.4 0.6 -2.2 3.7 1.0 -20.3

May

-1.4 -1.3 -5.9 -0.1 -7.2 -4.9 -4.1 -8.0 -1.7 -28.2

June

-0.5 -1.3 -0.6 -0.4 -9.4 -1.2 0.3 -2.8 -1.4 -32.1

July

-0.3 1.0 -0.2 -0.5 -7.6 2.5 -0.8 10.1 -2.9 -24.1

Aug.

2.0 0.6 11.2 -0.2 -4.4 2.1 -0.1 6.0 -0.2 -26.2

Sept.(1)

0.5 0.7 2.1 0.0 -3.7 2.9 1.2 6.8 -0.4 -21.5

Oct.(1)

-1.0 -0.2 -4.3 -0.1 -4.6 -1.6 -2.1 -2.1 0.0 -14.8

Nov.(1)

-0.5 -0.5 -1.8 -0.2 -4.5 -2.1 -0.4 -5.4 0.8 -14.0

Dec.(1)

-0.5 -0.6 -2.8 0.2 -2.7 -4.4 -3.3 -8.6 0.6 -19.0

2024

Jan.

-0.2 -1.5 -1.7 0.3 -3.8 0.1 -2.2 3.8 -1.7 -15.0

Footnotes
(1) Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2023. In addition, indexes for September 2023 through December 2023 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication.

Services for intermediate demand: In January, the index for services for intermediate demand 
moved up 0.5 percent, the third consecutive advance. Leading the January increase, prices for 
services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand rose 0.7 percent. The 
index for trade services for intermediate demand edged up 0.1 percent. Conversely, prices for 
transportation and warehousing for intermediate demand declined 0.1 percent. For the 12 months 
ended in January, the index for services for intermediate demand advanced 3.1 percent.

Product detail: A 1.6-percent increase in the index for nonresidential real estate rents was a major 
factor in the January advance in prices for services for intermediate demand. The indexes for 
chemicals and allied products wholesaling; portfolio management; legal services; residential property 
management fees; and metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling also moved higher. In contrast, prices 
for long-distance motor carrying declined 1.0 percent. The indexes for food and alcohol wholesaling 
and for radio advertising time sales also decreased.

Table C. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for services by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month Services for intermediate demand
Total Trade Transportation
and
warehousing
Other Total, change
from 12 months
ago (unadj.)

2023

Jan.

0.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 6.3

Feb.

0.3 -0.7 0.0 0.6 6.2

Mar.

-0.2 0.9 -0.9 -0.4 4.5

Apr.

0.6 0.9 -1.0 0.9 4.4

May

0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.4 3.9

June

0.0 -0.9 -0.2 0.3 4.4

July

0.7 2.1 0.9 0.2 4.7

Aug.

-0.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.1 4.2

Sept.(1)

0.3 -0.4 0.8 0.4 4.0

Oct.(1)

-0.1 1.4 0.4 -0.5 3.4

Nov.(1)

0.5 1.3 -0.1 0.4 3.1

Dec.(1)

0.4 -0.3 0.8 0.5 3.5

2024

Jan.

0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.7 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2023. In addition, indexes for September 2023 through December 2023 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 intermediate demand: The index for stage 4 intermediate demand moved up 0.4 percent in 
January, the largest increase since a 0.4-percent rise in August 2023. In January, prices for total 
services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand advanced 0.8 percent. Conversely, the index for total 
goods inputs declined 0.2 percent. (See table D.) Increases in the indexes for chemicals and allied 
products wholesaling, portfolio management, nonresidential real estate rents, legal services, 
residential property management fees, and inedible fats and oils outweighed decreasing prices for 
electric power, engineering services, and meats. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for 
stage 4 intermediate demand rose 1.5 percent.

Stage 3 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 3 intermediate demand were unchanged in January 
following three consecutive declines. In January, a 0.2-percent advance in the index for total services 
inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand offset a 0.3-percent decrease in prices for total goods inputs. 
Increases in the indexes for chemicals and allied products wholesaling, legal services, nonresidential 
real estate rents, slaughter steers and heifers, and inedible fats and oils offset falling prices for corn, 
raw milk, slaughter chickens, cable network advertising time sales, and primary basic organic 
chemicals. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for stage 3 intermediate demand moved 
down 2.6 percent.

Stage 2 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 2 intermediate demand increased 0.5 percent in 
January following a 1.4-percent decline in December. The index for total goods inputs to stage 2 
intermediate demand advanced 0.6 percent, and prices for total services inputs moved up 0.4 percent. 
Increases in the indexes for crude petroleum, legal services, chemicals and allied products 
wholesaling, loan services (partial), liquefied petroleum gas, and traveler accommodation services 
outweighed declines in the indexes for basic organic chemicals, oilseeds, and fuels and lubricants 
retailing. For the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage 2 intermediate demand decreased 3.8 
percent. 

Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand rose 0.2 percent in January 
following three consecutive declines. In January, the index for total services inputs to stage 1 
intermediate demand increased 0.7 percent. In contrast, prices for total goods inputs fell 0.3 percent. 
Advances in the indexes for chemicals and allied products wholesaling; inedible fats and oils; 
traveler accommodation services; portfolio management; metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling; and 
utility natural gas outweighed decreasing prices for basic organic chemicals, electric power, and 
engineering services. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for stage 1 intermediate demand 
moved down 0.7 percent.

Table D. Monthly percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes by production flow, seasonally adjusted
Month Stage 4 intermediate
demand
Stage 3 intermediate
demand
Stage 2 intermediate
demand
Stage 1 intermediate
demand
Total Goods
inputs
Services
inputs
Total Goods
inputs
Services
inputs
Total Goods
inputs
Services
inputs
Total Goods
inputs
Services
inputs

2023

Jan.

1.0 0.7 1.2 0.3 -0.2 0.8 -0.9 -2.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Feb.

0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.8 0.0 -1.5 -4.7 1.0 -0.3 -0.5 -0.1

Mar.

-0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.6 -0.9 -0.3 -2.5 -4.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.8 0.1

Apr.

0.2 -0.2 0.6 -0.4 -1.6 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 -0.2 -0.9 0.5

May

-0.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.2 -2.6 -0.1 -1.4 -4.0 0.5 -0.8 -1.5 -0.2

June

0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -1.0 -2.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.1

July

0.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.3 -1.3 0.6 1.9 3.9 0.6 0.1 -0.7 0.9

Aug.

0.4 0.6 0.3 1.0 3.1 -0.6 0.7 2.2 -0.4 1.3 2.4 0.2

Sept.(1)

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.3 1.2 3.0 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2

Oct.(1)

-0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.4 -0.3 -1.2 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.1

Nov.(1)

0.2 -0.1 0.5 -0.2 -1.1 0.6 -0.9 -2.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.6

Dec.(1)

0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.4 -1.6 0.6 -1.4 -3.8 0.4 -0.2 -0.7 0.2

2024

Jan.

0.4 -0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.7

Footnotes
(1) Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2023. In addition, indexes for September 2023 through December 2023 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to monthly revisions up to 4 months after original publication.

________________
The Producer Price Index for February 2024 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, March 14, 2024, 
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

                                                   *****

                                 Recalculation of Seasonal Adjustment Factors

Effective with this release, seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect price-
movement patterns during 2023 for the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand (FD-ID) system and 
commodity-grouping indexes. This routine annual recalculation may affect previously published 
seasonally adjusted indexes and percent changes for January 2019 through December 2023. 

Revised seasonally adjusted data for this period, as well as seasonal adjustment factors for directly 
adjusted commodity indexes to be used through December 2024, were released February 14, 2024. 
To obtain this information, contact the Producer Price Index Section of Index Analysis and Public 
Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705, or visit the Producer Price Index homepage at 
www.bls.gov/ppi.

Tables E and F below provide monthly seasonally adjusted percent changes for major FD-ID system 
indexes in 2023, based on former and recalculated seasonal factors. These percent changes include 
final price data through August 2023 and may differ from values shown in tables A through C of this 
release, which include final price data through September 2023 and revised interim data for October 
through December.

Table E. Over-the-month percent changes in major final demand indexes, seasonally adjusted, using 
former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2023

              Final         Final demand     Final demand    Final demand less foods,
              demand            goods           services    energy, and trade services
Month     Former  Recalc.  Former  Recalc.  Former  Recalc.     Former    Recalc.
January     0.4     0.4      1.3     1.1      0.0     0.1         0.5       0.6
February    0.0     0.0     -0.4    -0.6      0.2     0.2         0.3       0.3
March      -0.4    -0.4     -1.1    -0.8     -0.1    -0.2         0.1       0.1
April       0.2     0.2      0.1    -0.1      0.2     0.3         0.2       0.2
May        -0.3    -0.2     -1.5    -1.2      0.2     0.2         0.0       0.0
June        0.1     0.0      0.0    -0.1      0.1     0.0         0.3       0.2
July        0.5     0.6      0.3     0.2      0.7     0.8         0.2       0.2
August      0.7     0.6      1.9     1.7      0.2     0.2         0.2       0.2
September   0.4     0.4      0.8     0.8      0.2     0.2         0.3       0.3
October    -0.4    -0.4     -1.4    -1.3      0.0     0.0         0.1       0.1
November   -0.1    -0.1     -0.3    -0.2      0.0     0.0         0.1       0.0
December   -0.1    -0.2     -0.4    -0.3      0.0    -0.1         0.2       0.2


Table F. Over-the-month percent changes in major intermediate demand indexes, 
seasonally adjusted, using former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2023

            Processed goods for       Unprocessed goods for          Services for
            intermediate demand        intermediate demand        intermediate demand
Month      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated
January      1.1        1.0            -4.7       -4.2             1.0        0.9     
February    -0.4       -0.4            -4.9       -5.2             0.3        0.3     
March       -1.0       -0.8            -4.7       -4.6            -0.3       -0.2     
April       -0.5       -0.7             1.1        0.6             0.7        0.6     
May         -1.6       -1.4            -5.2       -4.9             0.2        0.1     
June        -0.5       -0.5            -1.0       -1.2             0.1        0.0     
July        -0.3       -0.3             2.4        2.5             0.6        0.7     
August       2.1        2.0             2.3        2.1            -0.1       -0.1     
September    0.6        0.5             3.3        2.9             0.2        0.2     
October     -1.0       -1.0            -2.0       -1.6             0.0        0.0     
November    -0.4       -0.6            -2.4       -2.3             0.3        0.3     
December    -0.6       -0.5            -4.4       -4.3             0.4        0.4     






                                          Technical Note


Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes

   The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of 
indexes that measures the average change over time in prices received (price changes) by 
producers for domestically produced goods, services, and construction.  PPIs measure 
price change from the perspective of the seller.  This contrasts with other measures, 
such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  CPIs measure price change from the purchaser's 
perspective.  

   More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each 
month. PPIs are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and 
manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been introduced for products of 
industries in the services and construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January
2023, the PPI covered 69 percent of services as measured by 2017 Census revenue, and 17
percent of construction.

   More than 64,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs: 
(1) Final demand-Intermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and (3) 
indexes for the net output of industries and their products.  The FD-ID structure 
organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of 
production.  The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or 
product type.  The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes 
for the net output of industries and their products. 


Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Indexes

   The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for goods, services, and construction 
sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-
of-processing (SOP) system as PPI's primary aggregation model with the release of data 
for January 2014. The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP system through 
the addition of services, construction, exports, and government purchases.  

   Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the PPI for final demand goods 
includes nearly a 50 percent expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the 
addition of government purchases and exports. For overall final demand, expansion to 
include final demand services represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December 
2022, final demand goods were about 30.7 percent of overall final demand, final demand 
services were roughly 66.6 percent, and final demand construction was about 2.7 percent 
of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of services for intermediate demand 
resulted in about a 45 percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand portion of 
the economy. 

   FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based producer output price indexes.  
Commodities are allocated to aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer.  The 
main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the "Use of commodities by 
industries, before redefinition," table from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the 
U.S. In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different types of buyers.  As a 
result, commodities are often included in several FD-ID indexes.  For example, regular 
gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use. 
The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104), 
reflecting sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all aggregations 
regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to 
government, or to businesses.  Proportions based on BEA "Use of Commodities" data are 
used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight of gasoline to each use 
category.  In cases when buyer type is an important price determining characteristic, 
indexes are created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the PPI category 
for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were 
constructed. For more information relating to the FD-ID structure, see "A new, 
experimental system of indexes from the PPI program" in the February 2011 Monthly Labor 
Review.   

Final Demand:  The final demand portion of the FD-ID structure measures price change for 
commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export.  
The system is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods; final demand trade 
services; final demand transportation and warehousing services; final demand services 
less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final demand construction; and overall final 
demand. 

   The final demand goods index measures price change for both unprocessed and processed 
goods sold to final demand.  Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for 
capital investment are examples of transactions included in the final demand goods price 
index. The final demand trade services index measures price change for the retailing and 
wholesaling of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without transformation. (Trade 
indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final 
demand transportation and warehousing services index tracks price change for 
transportation of passengers, as well as, transportation of cargo sold to final demand, 
and also includes prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final demand.  The 
final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price 
change for all services other than trade and transportation sold to final demand.  
Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of these services.  The final 
demand construction index tracks price change for new construction, as well as 
maintenance and repair construction sold to final demand.  Construction of office 
buildings is an example of a commodity that would be included in the final demand 
construction index.  Lastly, the overall final demand index tracks price change for all 
types of commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final demand component 
indexes described above.

Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of the FD-ID system tracks price 
change for goods, services, and construction products sold to businesses as inputs to 
production, excluding capital investment. The system includes two parallel treatments of 
intermediate demand. The first treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by 
type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities into production stages, with 
the explicit goal of developing a forward-flow model of production and price change. 

   The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system organizes commodities 
by similarity of product.  The system is composed of six main price indexes: unprocessed 
goods for intermediate demand; processed goods for intermediate demand; intermediate 
demand trade services; intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services; 
intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; and 
intermediate demand construction.   

   The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price index measures price change for 
goods sold to businesses as inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication. 
Crude petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed good sold to 
intermediate demand.  The processed goods for intermediate demand index tracks price 
change for fabricated goods sold as business inputs.  Examples include car parts sold to 
car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies.  The index for trade services 
for intermediate demand measures price change for the services of retailing and 
wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production. The intermediate 
demand transportation and warehousing services index measures price change for business 
travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of cargo sold to intermediate demand.  
The intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index 
measures price change for services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing sold 
as inputs to production.  Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are 
examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade, transportation, and 
warehousing.  Finally, the construction for intermediate demand index measures price 
change for construction purchased by firms as inputs to production.  The index for 
construction for intermediate demand tracks price change for maintenance and repair 
construction purchased by firms.  

   The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is a stage-based system of price 
indexes. These indexes can be used to study price transmission across stages of 
production and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that maximizes 
forward flow of production between stages, while minimizing back-flow of production. The 
production flow treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand stage 1, 
intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand stage 3, and intermediate demand stage 
4.   

   Indexes for the four stages were developed by first assigning each industry in the 
economy to one of four stages of production, where industries assigned to the fourth 
stage primarily produce output consumed as final demand, industries in the third stage 
primarily produce output consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the 
second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3 industries, and industries 
assigned to the first stage produce output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries.  The 
four indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by industries in each of the 
four stages of production.  The stage 4 intermediate demand index, for example, tracks 
price change for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included in the fourth 
stage of production.  Hence, the index tracks price change in inputs to industries that 
primarily produce final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily produce 
commodities sold to final demand).  

   Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries in stage 4 include the 
manufacture of light trucks and utility vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals.  
Retail trade, food service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of heavily 
weighted service industries included in stage 4.  Stage 4 also includes all new 
construction industries.  Examples of goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor 
vehicle parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction products, biological 
products, and beef and veal.  Engineering services, machinery and equipment wholesaling, 
long distance motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of services consumed 
by stage 4 industries.

   Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries included in stage 3 are motor 
vehicle parts manufacturing, animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and 
semiconductor manufacturing.  Services industries classified in stage 3 include wholesale 
trade; insurance carriers; architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels 
and motels.  Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries include slaughter steers 
and heifers, industrial electric power, and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural 
shapes.  Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include commissions from sales 
of property and casualty insurance, business loans, temporary help services, and 
administrative and general management consulting services.

   Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission, and distribution; natural 
gas distribution; cattle ranching and farming; and plastic materials and resin 
manufacturing are among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2.  Services 
industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include management of companies and 
enterprises; non-depository credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and 
services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly purchased by stage 2 industries 
include crude oil, natural gas, formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals. 
Services that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2 index are legal 
services, business loans, and cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication.

   Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas extraction, paper mills, and 
grain farming.  Real estate, legal services, and advertising services are examples of 
highly weighted services industries included in stage 1.  Examples of goods consumed by 
stage 1 industries are commercial and industrial electric power and gasoline. Services 
commonly consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection, chemicals and 
allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or unit rental.  It should be noted that all 
inputs purchased by stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within stage 1 
or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less useful for price transmission 
analysis. For additional information on industry stage assignments, see www.bls.gov/ppi/
fd-id/ppi-intermediate-demand-by-production-flow-industry-stage-assignments.htm.


Comparing the PPI with CPI

   Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential indicator of the Consumer 
Price Index (CPI), there are many reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope 
of the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all marketable output sold by 
domestic producers for households. The scope of the CPI includes goods and services 
provided by business or government, where explicit user charges are paid by consumers. 
For example, the most heavily weighted item in the CPI, owners' equivalent rent, is 
excluded from the PPI. The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes imports. 
The CPI only includes components of personal consumption directly paid for by the 
consumers, while the PPI includes components of personal consumption that may not be paid 
for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical services paid for by third 
parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes, 
since they do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other taxes paid by 
consumers are part of household expenditure and are included in the CPI. Additional 
technical differences between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see "Comparing 
new final demand producer price indexes with other Government price indexes," Monthly 
Labor Review, January 2014, at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/.


Commodity Indexes

   The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods, services, and construction by 
similarity of product or end use, disregarding industry of origin. With the release of 
data for July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include indexes for services 
and construction products. Prior to this date, the PPI commodity structure only included 
products from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data 
for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major groupings, 
subgroups, product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items.


Industry Net-Output Price Indexes

   PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the 
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).  Prior to the release of January 
2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial 
Classification (SIC) system.  Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic 
time series organized by industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity.  
Table 11 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry 
groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes), 
products (9-digit codes), more detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some 
industries, indexes for other sources of revenue.

   Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories.  Every industry has 
primary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified 
in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that 
industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products 
make up a plurality of its total shipment value.  In addition, most industries have 
secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments for 
products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries have miscellaneous receipts 
indexes that track price changes for other sources of revenue received by establishments 
within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products; for example, 
resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing 
plant.


Data Collection

   PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes, 
selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to
size. Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by probability proportionate 
to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction 
prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices submitted 
by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day 
of the month. The survey is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection 
Facility (IDCF).) Data provided by survey respondents are supplemented with data from 
other sources for some areas.

   Price data are provided by survey respondents on a voluntary and confidential basis; 
only sworn BLS employees are allowed access to individual company price reports.  BLS 
publishes price indexes, not actual prices.  All PPIs are subject to monthly revisions 
up to 4 months after original publication to reflect the availability of late reports and
corrections by respondents. 

   BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect 
current conditions when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an 
industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms.  
Information on these resampling efforts are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI 
Detailed Report in the months they occur.   

   As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than 
mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of service and construction sector 
industries have been introduced into the PPI.  The following is a list of service and 
construction sector industries introduced into the Producer Price Index, organized by 
SIC or NAICS code at their date of introduction, and the PPI Detailed Report issue
that announced their introduction.
                                                                      PPI
                                                                      Detailed
                                                                      Report
              Title                                           Code    Issue

                                                              SIC             
Wireless telecommunications...................................4812    July 1999
Telephone communications, except radio telephone..............4813    July 1995
Television broadcasting.......................................4833    July 2002
Grocery stores................................................5411    July 2000
Meat and fish (seafood) markets...............................5421    July 2000
Fruit and vegetable markets...................................5431    July 2000
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores..........................5441    July 2000
Retail bakeries...............................................5461    July 2000
Miscellaneous food stores.....................................5499    July 2000
New car dealers...............................................5511    July 2000
Gasoline service stations.....................................5541    January 2002
Boat dealers..................................................5551    January 2002
Recreational vehicle dealers..................................5561    January 2002
Miscellaneous retail..........................................59      January 2001
Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers.............6211    January 2001
Investment advice.............................................6282    January 2003
Life insurance carriers.......................................6311    January 1999
Property and casualty insurance...............................6331    July 1998
Insurance agencies and brokerages.............................6412    January 2003
Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings.............6512    January 1996
Real estate agents and managers...............................6531    January 1996
Prepackaged software..........................................7372    January 1998
Data processing services......................................7374    January 2002
Home health care services.....................................8082    January 1997
Legal services................................................8111    January 1997
Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services.........8711    January 1997
Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services.......8712    January 1997
Premiums for property and casualty insurance..................9331    July 1998
                                                         
                                                              NAICS            
New industrial building construction..........................236211  January 2008
New warehouse building construction...........................236221  July 2005
New school construction.......................................236222  July 2006
New office construction.......................................236223  January 2007
New health care building construction.........................236224  January 2013
Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work............23811X  July 2008
Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work.............23816X  July 2008
Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work..........23821X  July 2008
Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work.....23822X  July 2008
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods...........................423     July 2005
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods........................424     July 2005
Furniture and home furnishings stores.........................442     January 2004
Electronics and appliance stores..............................443     January 2004
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers...444     January 2004
Clothing and clothing accessories stores......................448     January 2004
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.................451     January 2004
General merchandise stores....................................452     January 2004
Miscellaneous store retailers.................................453     January 2004
Pipeline transportation of natural gas........................486210  June 2022
Internet service providers....................................518111  July 2005
Internet publishing and web search portals....................519130  January 2010
Commercial banking............................................522110  January 2005
Savings institutions..........................................522120  January 2005
Direct health and medical insurance carriers..................524114  July 2004
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment 
rental and leasing............................................532412  January 2005
Management consulting services................................541610  January 2007
Security guards and patrol services...........................561612  July 2005
Offices of dentists...........................................621210  January 2011
Blood and organ banks.........................................621991  January 2007
Amusement and theme parks.....................................713110  July 2006
Golf courses and country clubs................................713910  July 2006
Fitness and recreational sports centers.......................713940  July 2005
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance...................811310  July 2007


Weights

   Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as, weights for commodity-
based aggregate indexes calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID indexes, 
currently reflect 2017 values of shipments as reported in the Census of Manufactures 
and other sources. From January 2018 to December 2022, PPI weights were derived from 
2012 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under the 2022 NAICS structure 
utilizing 2017 value of shipment weights and 2012 net output ratios. The periodic update 
of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more accurately reflect changes 
in production and marketing patterns in the economy.

   Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output 
values refer to the value of shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers 
outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes are based on gross shipment 
values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As 
a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is 
composed of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple 
counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to 
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by commodity 
type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes, final demand 
FD-ID indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes consistently 
correct for this at all levels of aggregation.  Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are 
more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price trends.


Price Index Reference Base

   Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including 
most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 = 
100.  From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 = 
100.  Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter 
any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See "Calculating Index 
Changes," below.)  The 1982 reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base 
later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products.  The FD-
ID indexes typically have a reference base of November 2009 = 100.

   For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer 
Price Index, see chapter 14, "Producer Prices," in the BLS Handbook of Methods.  This 
chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm.  


Calculating Index Changes

   Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0.  An 
increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index, 
for example, is shown as 105.5.  This change also can be expressed in dollars, as 
follows:  prices received by domestic producers of a sample of final demand goods have 
risen from $100 in November 2009 to $105.50.  Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would 
indicate that prices received by producers of final demand goods are 10 percent lower 
than they were in November 2009.

   Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent 
changes, rather than as changes in index points.  Index point changes are affected by the 
level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not.  The 
following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes.

   Index point change
      Final Demand Goods Price Index     107.5
      Less previous index                104.0
      Equals index point change            3.5

   Index percent change
      Index point change                   3.5
      Divided by the previous index      104.0
      Equals                             0.034
      Result multiplied by 100           0.034 x 100
      Equals percent change                3.4


Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

   Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes 
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each month.  Seasonally adjusted data are 
preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data eliminate 
the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same 
magnitude, every year-such as price movements resulting from normal weather patterns, 
regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts, and 
holidays.  For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying 
trends.  Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who need information that can 
be related to actual dollar values of transactions.  Individuals requiring this 
information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts, 
contract specialists, and commodity traders.  It is the unadjusted data that are 
generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real 
estate leases.  For more information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties, 
on the Web at www.bls.gov/ppi/publications/price-adjustment-guide-for-contracting-
parties.htm.   

   Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13 ARIMA, a software package published by 
the U.S. Census Bureau.  Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is 
reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net output indexes are not
seasonally adjusted.  For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new 
seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from the prior 5 years.  
Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years of seasonal data. 

   Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative 
method. Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal 
adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does 
the aggregative method.  However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield 
figures that possess additive consistency.  Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad 
category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally 
adjusted indexes for its components.  Seasonal movements for FD-ID indexes are derived 
indirectly through an aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of 
subproduct class (six-digit) series.

   Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and 
predictable price patterns abruptly change.  If the new pattern persists, the seasonal 
adjustment method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting, however, 
seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome.  This problem occurs 
relatively infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often affected 
manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.

Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods 
to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors.  With this technique, outlier values that 
may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying the standard 
seasonal factor estimation procedure.  For example, a possible economic cause for large 
price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the COVID-19 pandemic. In 
this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally adjusted 
data. On the whole, very few series have required intervention.  Out of over 400 seasonally
adjusted commodity series, 69 were subject to intervention in 2023. 

   For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see “PPI and CPI Seasonal 
Adjustment: an Update” in the July 2010 Monthly Labor Review, and “PPI and CPI Seasonal 
Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic” in the May 2022 Monthly Labor Review.


Producer Price Index Data on the Internet

   In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to 
the internet. There were more than 13 million instances of PPI data being downloaded from 
the BLS website during 2022.


Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site

   PPI data can be obtained online (www.bls.gov/ppi). On this page, under the tab labeled 
"Featured PPI databases" links provide the following methods of data retrieval:

   Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry Data and Commodity Data that 
allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level 
aggregate and other commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index 
and the FD-ID indexes (for example, Final Demand).  Within each list, any one-or all-of 
the time series shown can be selected.  A user can modify the date range and output 
options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data output table.

   One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query applications 
for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI 
coding structure.  These applications guide a user through the PPI classification by 
listing index titles and do not require knowledge of commodity or industry codes.  Data 
retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists 
provided.  Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user's 
browser capability.  The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a single 
screen to guide a user through the available time series data.  The second option is a 
multiple-screen, non-Java-based application.  Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI 
coding structure and select multiple series.  Users can modify the date range and output 
options after executing the query using the reformat button above the data output table.

   Series Report is a form-based application that allows users to input multiple, 
formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in 
extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options.  This 
application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar with the format 
of PPI time series identifiers.  There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique 
PPI time series identifiers:  WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND.  Each provides the user access to a 
different PPI database.  Adding either a "u" (not seasonally adjusted) or an "s" 
(seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data 
needed. Examples are provided below.

   For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers combine a "wpu" prefix (not 
seasonally adjusted) or a "wps" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.  

Commodity code   Provides data for:
wps141101        Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
wpu141101        Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted
wpufd4           Final demand, not seasonally adjusted
wpsid63          Services for intermediate demand, seasonally adjusted

   For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a "wdu" prefix (not 
seasonally adjusted) or a "wds" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.  

Commodity code   Provides data for:
wds019           Other farm products, seasonally adjusted 
wdu0635          Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted
wdusi138011      Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted

   Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers 
that begin with the prefix "pcu." After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6-digit 
industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying 
product detail.  Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes.

Industry-product code,
current NAICS series        Provides data for:
pcu325---325---             Chemical manufacturing 
pcu336110336110             Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing
pcu621111621111411          Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and 
                            single-specialty group practices, general/family practice

   Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a "pdu" prefix and "#" 
between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code.  Series identifiers for the 
discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC 
industry group code of fewer than four digits.  (All PPI industry-based indexes organized 
by SIC were discontinued with the introduction of NAICS in 2004.)

Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series     Provides data for:
pdu28_ _#                   Chemicals and allied products
pdu331_#                    Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills
pdu3711#111                 Passenger cars

   Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have 
identifiers that begin with the prefix "ndu." After the prefix, there are 12 numeric 
digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric 
characters that identify product detail.  Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-
level group codes.

Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series   Provides data for
ndu212231212231             Lead and zinc ore mining
ndu2122312122312            Lead, zinc concentrates
ndu212231212231214          Lead  concentrates

   Text Files are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time 
series data or other PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor tables and 
relative importance tables. The text files can be accessed at download.bls.gov/ or 
directly from links on the "PPI Databases" page or the PPI homepage. Data and 
documentation available for download include the following:

                                       Directory:
Industry Data                          /pub/time.series/pc
Industry Data - Discontinued 
                  (NAICS basis)        /pub/time.series/nd
                  (SIC basis)          /pub/time.series/pd
Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID)           /pub/time.series/wp
Commodity Data - Discontinued          /pub/time.series/wd
Special requests                       /pub/special.requests/ppi


Additional information

   The PPI homepage (www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI 
data and methodology. The "PPI Publications" section of the homepage provides PPI news 
releases, both current and archived, as well as general PPI information.  The “PPI Tables”
section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables.  The remaining sections 
offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI methodology and applications.  

   For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data 
availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and Public 
Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or 
have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.



Table 1. Producer price index percentage changes and weights for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted [January 2024]
Grouping Commodity code Relative
Importance
Dec.
2023(1)
Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change(2)
Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change(2)
Group
code
Item
code
Jan. 2023
to
Jan. 2024(p)
Aug. to
Sept.
Sept. to
Oct.(p)
Oct. to
Nov.(p)
Nov. to
Dec.(p)
Dec. to
Jan.(p)

Final Demand

Final demand

FD

4

100.000 0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Final demand goods

FD

41

30.099 -1.7 0.9 -1.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2

Final demand foods

FD

411

5.587 -3.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.7 -0.3

Finished consumer foods(3)

FD

4111

4.272 -2.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 -0.6 0.4

Finished consumer foods, crude

FD

41113

0.351 -23.5 -4.0 -2.8 19.4 -6.3 7.9

Finished consumer foods, processed

FD

41112

3.921 0.4 0.7 0.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.3

Government purchased foods

FD

4112

0.405 -0.4 1.1 1.1 -0.1 -0.6 -1.3

Foods for export

FD

4113

0.910 -10.7 0.0 -0.6 0.7 -1.3 -2.9

Final demand energy

FD

412

5.515 -9.8 3.2 -6.5 -1.8 -1.0 -1.7

Finished consumer energy goods(3)

FD

4121

4.287 -7.8 3.2 -7.2 -1.4 0.4 -1.7

Government purchased energy

FD

4122

0.837 -16.8 2.8 -4.6 -2.8 -5.0 -1.7

Energy for export

FD

4123

0.391 -15.0 3.6 -1.9 -4.0 -7.1 -0.9

Final demand goods less foods and energy

FD

413

18.996 1.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Finished goods less foods and energy(3)

FD

4131

10.931 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4

Finished consumer goods less foods and energy

FD

41311

5.809 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy

FD

413111

3.519 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3

Durable consumer goods

FD

413112

2.290 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2

Private capital equipment

FD

41312

5.122 2.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6

Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries

FD

413121

1.254 3.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8

Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries

FD

413122

3.868 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5

Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy

FD

4132

1.959 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5

Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment

FD

41321

1.146 -0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Government purchased capital equipment

FD

41322

0.813 4.1 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.0

Goods for export, excluding foods and energy

FD

4133

6.106 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Final demand services

FD

42

67.245 2.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.6

Final demand trade services(4)

FD

423

19.337 -0.2 -1.1 0.0 0.4 -1.0 0.2

Trade of finished goods(3)

FD

4231

16.652 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.0

Trade of personal consumption goods

FD

42311

13.614 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.3

Trade of private capital equipment

FD

42312

3.038 -1.9 -3.8 -0.2 2.8 -4.7 1.7

Trade of government purchased goods

FD

4232

0.758 2.7 -2.4 1.3 1.9 -2.8 0.9

Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment

FD

42321

0.478 4.2 -0.2 1.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.8

Trade of government purchased capital equipment

FD

42322

0.280 0.2 -6.1 1.4 4.4 -6.6 3.7

Trade of exports

FD

4233

1.927 2.9 -2.4 1.5 2.3 -2.9 2.0

Final demand transportation and warehousing services

FD

422

4.925 -4.3 0.4 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4

Transportation of passengers for final demand

FD

4221

1.262 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation of private passengers

FD

42211

0.851 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation of government passengers

FD

42212

0.102 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.2 -0.5

Transportation of passengers for export

FD

42213

0.309 -2.4 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand

FD

4222

3.663 -4.9 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -1.0 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing of finished goods(3)

FD

42221

2.370 -5.5 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods

FD

422211

1.910 -5.3 1.3 0.2 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment

FD

422212

0.460 -6.3 1.4 0.2 -0.1 -1.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods

FD

42222

0.220 -4.1 1.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing of exports

FD

42223

1.073 -3.7 1.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.2

Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

421

42.982 4.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8

Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing(3)

FD

4211

37.459 4.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8

Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

42111

32.980 4.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.0

Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

42112

4.479 2.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.2

Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

4212

2.807 3.6 0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.8

Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment

FD

42121

2.644 3.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.8

Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

42122

0.163 1.9 -0.3 0.5 -0.7 0.5 0.1

Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

4213

2.716 5.5 0.6 -0.6 -0.1 1.0 0.8

Final demand construction

FD

43

2.656 -1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Construction for private capital investment

FD

431

1.846 -1.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.3

Construction for government

FD

432

0.810 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Special Groupings of Final Demand

Final demand less exports

FD

49101

86.568 1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Final demand less government

FD

49102

92.102 1.0 0.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(5)

FD

49103

88.469 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Final demand less foods and energy(5)

FD

49104

88.898 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(5)

FD

49105

93.984 1.1 0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.4

Final demand less foods(5)

FD

49106

94.413 1.2 0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.4

Final demand less energy

FD

49107

94.485 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.5

Final demand less trade services

FD

49108

80.663 1.2 0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3

Final demand less distributive services(6)

FD

49109

77.000 1.5 0.5 -0.5 0.0 0.1 0.4

Final demand goods less energy

FD

49111

24.583 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.2

Final demand goods less foods

FD

49112

24.511 -1.2 1.0 -1.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2

Final demand services less trade services

FD

49113

47.907 3.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.7

Final demand distributive services(6)

FD

49114

23.000 -1.0 -0.7 0.0 0.3 -1.0 0.2

Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services(6)

FD

49115

53.098 -1.4 0.2 -0.7 0.1 -0.6 0.0

Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services(5)

FD

49116

69.561 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6

Private and government purchased capital equipment

FD

49117

5.935 2.9 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.6

Private and government purchased capital investment services

FD

49118

8.420 0.5 -1.5 0.2 1.1 -1.8 0.6

Total private and government purchased capital investment

FD

49119

14.355 1.1 -0.6 0.1 0.6 -0.9 0.6

Total finished(3)

FD

49201

78.668 1.2 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(3)(5)

FD

49202

69.684 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

Total finished less foods and energy(3)(5)

FD

49203

70.109 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(3)(5)

FD

49204

73.971 1.4 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total finished less foods(3)(5)

FD

49205

74.396 1.4 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total finished less energy(3)

FD

49206

74.381 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Finished goods(3)

FD

49207

19.490 -1.1 0.9 -1.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Finished goods less energy(3)

FD

49208

15.203 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.4

Finished goods, excluding foods(3)(5)

FD

49209

15.218 -0.7 1.1 -2.2 -0.3 0.1 -0.2

Finished services(3)

FD

49210

57.332 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.5

Private capital investment services

FD

49211

7.977 0.5 -1.4 0.1 1.1 -1.7 0.5

Finished distributive services(3)(6)

FD

49212

19.022 -1.3 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.0

Finished services less trade services(3)

FD

49213

40.680 3.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7

Finished services less distributive services(3)(6)

FD

49214

38.310 3.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8

Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)

FD

49215

14.945 1.0 -0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.9 0.5

Finished goods plus finished distributive services(3)(6)

FD

49216

38.512 -1.2 0.2 -1.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.1

Total exports

FD

49301

13.432 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.5 0.2

Goods for export

FD

49302

7.407 -2.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4

Services for export

FD

49303

6.025 2.5 -0.4 0.3 0.6 -0.5 0.9

Total government purchases

FD

49401

7.898 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.1 -0.7 0.2

Government purchased goods

FD

49402

3.201 -4.2 1.4 -1.2 -0.8 -1.4 -0.3

Government purchased services

FD

49403

3.887 2.8 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.2 0.7

Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction)

FD

49404

2.066 1.5 -0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.9 1.0

Government purchases, defense

FD

49405

2.345 -0.7 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 -1.5 0.4

Government purchases, non-defense

FD

49406

5.553 -0.4 0.3 -0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.2

Personal consumption

FD

49501

63.723 1.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.3

Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods)

FD

49502

14.368 -2.3 1.2 -2.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Personal consumption goods less energy

FD

49503

10.081 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.3

Personal consumption goods less foods

FD

49504

10.096 -2.4 1.6 -3.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.6

Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods

FD

49508

7.806 -3.3 1.9 -4.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.8

Personal consumption services

FD

49505

49.355 2.4 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Personal consumption less trade services

FD

49506

50.109 1.7 0.6 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.5

Personal consumption less distributive services(6)

FD

49507

48.199 2.0 0.6 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.5

Personal consumption less foods and energy

FD

49510

55.164 2.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5

Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services(4)

FD

49511

41.550 3.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8

Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services(6)

FD

49512

39.640 3.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.8

Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services(6)

FD

49509

29.892 -1.7 0.6 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.3

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Processed goods

Processed goods for intermediate demand

ID6

1

100.000 -3.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2

Materials and components for manufacturing

ID6

11

43.089 -2.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.3

Materials for manufacturing

ID6

111

26.451 -4.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 0.2

Materials for food manufacturing

ID6

1111

4.344 -6.4 0.8 0.5 -0.6 -0.3 -1.5

Materials for nondurable manufacturing

ID6

1112

11.712 -7.8 0.7 0.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7

Materials for durable manufacturing

ID6

1113

10.395 0.6 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7 1.0 1.9

Components for manufacturing

ID6

112

16.638 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4

Components for nondurable manufacturing

ID6

1121

0.801 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2

Components for durable manufacturing

ID6

1122

15.837 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4

Materials and components for construction

ID6

12

10.771 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3

Materials for construction

ID6

121

4.730 1.7 0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

Components for construction

ID6

122

6.041 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2

Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand

ID6

13

18.764 -12.6 2.1 -4.3 -1.8 -2.8 -1.7

Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries

ID6

131

4.777 -10.4 1.3 0.0 -0.8 -1.9 -2.2

Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

132

13.987 -13.3 2.3 -5.7 -2.2 -3.0 -1.5

Containers for intermediate demand

ID6

14

3.103 -3.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.2

Supplies for intermediate demand

ID6

15

24.273 -1.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Supplies to manufacturing industries

ID6

151

3.228 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

152

21.045 -1.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds

ID6

1521

2.214 -11.0 0.2 -2.0 0.1 -1.7 -2.4

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds

ID6

1522

18.831 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Unprocessed goods

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand

ID6

2

100.000 -15.0 2.9 -1.6 -2.1 -4.4 0.1

Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs

ID6

21

38.165 -14.5 1.2 -2.1 -0.4 -3.3 -2.2

Unprocessed nonfood materials

ID6

22

61.836 -15.3 4.0 -1.4 -3.1 -5.1 1.6

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel

ID6

221

50.586 -4.2 5.3 -1.9 -5.0 -5.5 2.2

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries

ID6

2211

47.969 -4.7 5.6 -2.0 -5.3 -5.8 2.2

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

2212

2.617 8.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 3.2

Unprocessed fuel

ID6

222

11.250 -46.2 -2.9 1.6 7.6 -3.1 -1.5

Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries

ID6

2221

1.006 -14.9 -3.3 2.5 3.7 -1.0 0.0

Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

2222

10.244 -48.2 -2.8 1.5 8.0 -3.3 -1.7

Services

Services for intermediate demand

ID6

3

100.000 3.1 0.3 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5

Trade services for intermediate demand(4)

ID6

33

18.328 3.7 -0.4 1.4 1.3 -0.3 0.1

Trade services for manufacturing industries

ID6

331

9.049 3.9 -0.7 1.4 2.1 -0.5 1.1

Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

332

9.279 3.5 -0.1 1.5 0.7 0.0 -0.8

Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand

ID6

32

13.925 -0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.1

Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand

ID6

321

1.033 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.2 -0.5

Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries

ID6

3211

0.123 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

3212

0.910 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.2 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand

ID6

322

12.892 -0.3 1.1 0.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries

ID6

3221

2.732 -3.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

3222

10.160 0.4 1.1 0.4 -0.2 1.0 -0.1

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand

ID6

31

67.747 3.6 0.4 -0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries

ID6

311

2.130 4.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 1.6

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries

ID6

312

65.617 3.6 0.4 -0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7

Construction

Construction for intermediate demand

ID6

4

100.000 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Processed materials less foods and feeds

ID6

9111

91.153 -3.5 0.5 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1

Processed foods and feeds

ID6

9112

8.847 -6.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -1.5

Processed energy goods

ID6

9113

18.764 -12.6 2.1 -4.3 -1.8 -2.8 -1.7

Processed materials less energy

ID6

9118

81.236 -1.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.1

Processed materials less foods and energy

ID6

9115

72.389 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Intermediate distributive services(7)

ID6

9116

31.220 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.1

Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services

ID6

9117

- -2.0 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1

Unprocessed materials less agricultural products

ID6

9211

56.663 -13.7 4.8 -1.2 -3.1 -5.5 2.2

Unprocessed energy materials(8)

ID6

9212

36.891 -19.6 6.8 -2.1 -5.4 -8.6 3.8

Unprocessed materials less energy

ID6

9213

63.109 -11.6 0.6 -1.3 0.0 -1.8 -2.0

Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy(9)

ID6

9216

24.944 -6.9 -0.4 0.0 0.8 0.6 -1.7

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 Intermediate Demand

Stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

4

100.000 1.5 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Inputs to stage 4 goods producers

ID5

41

29.665 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.2 0.2

Goods

ID5

411

21.643 -1.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Foods

ID5

4111

2.941 -10.5 -0.8 -1.4 0.5 -0.5 -1.9

Energy

ID5

4112

0.170 -17.2 4.8 4.2 -6.7 -5.5 -1.9

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

4113

18.532 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.4

Services

ID5

412

8.022 3.9 -0.2 0.8 1.5 -0.3 0.5

Trade services

ID5

4123

6.017 4.5 -0.4 0.9 1.9 -0.4 0.6

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

4122

0.492 -2.4 0.5 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Transportation of passengers

ID5

41221

0.076 -2.4 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

41222

0.416 -2.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 -0.6 0.1

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

4121

1.513 3.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Inputs to stage 4 services producers

ID5

42

55.644 2.6 0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6

Goods

ID5

421

13.716 -1.8 0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.8

Foods

ID5

4211

2.241 -3.8 1.2 0.3 -1.1 -0.7 -1.1

Energy

ID5

4212

4.062 -4.8 0.9 -1.5 0.4 -0.1 -2.3

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

4213

7.413 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2

Services

ID5

422

41.875 4.1 0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.5 1.0

Trade services

ID5

4223

4.149 3.3 -0.4 1.2 0.9 -0.9 0.9

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

4222

3.724 0.4 0.7 0.3 -0.2 0.7 -0.1

Transportation of passengers

ID5

42221

0.480 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

42222

3.244 0.8 1.1 0.2 -0.2 0.5 0.0

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

4221

34.002 4.6 0.4 -0.8 0.2 0.6 1.1

Construction

ID5

423

0.053 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Inputs to stage 4 construction producers

ID5

43

14.690 0.7 0.6 -0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Goods

ID5

431

10.712 0.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Energy

ID5

4312

0.762 -14.8 4.7 -11.1 -3.5 -1.0 -2.6

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

4313

9.950 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4

Services

ID5

432

3.978 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.0 -0.4

Trade services

ID5

4323

1.728 2.9 -0.1 1.5 1.5 0.3 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

4322

0.661 -5.7 1.3 0.3 -0.1 -1.1 -0.4

Transportation of passengers

ID5

43221

0.015 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

43222

0.646 -5.8 1.4 0.3 0.0 -1.2 -0.3

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

4321

1.589 2.1 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.5

Stage 3 Intermediate Demand

Stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

3

100.000 -2.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.0

Inputs to stage 3 goods producers

ID5

31

43.800 -4.9 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.7 0.1

Goods

ID5

311

33.969 -6.4 0.5 -1.0 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1

Foods

ID5

3111

10.337 -15.2 1.5 -2.2 -1.6 -2.8 -2.3

Energy

ID5

3112

1.164 -12.5 3.5 1.1 -3.3 -3.3 0.1

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

3113

22.468 -1.6 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 0.9

Services

ID5

312

9.831 0.7 -0.2 1.1 1.5 -0.3 0.8

Trade services

ID5

3123

5.506 2.9 -0.9 1.7 2.6 -0.2 1.6

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

3122

2.865 -4.5 1.0 0.3 0.0 -0.8 -0.2

Transportation of passengers

ID5

31221

0.149 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

31222

2.716 -4.6 1.2 0.2 0.0 -0.9 -0.2

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

3121

1.460 3.4 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

Inputs to stage 3 services producers

ID5

32

55.023 -0.8 0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Goods

ID5

321

9.949 -13.2 2.0 -4.2 -2.3 -4.3 -0.9

Foods

ID5

3211

0.088 -6.2 -0.5 0.0 0.6 -0.7 -0.6

Energy

ID5

3212

5.884 -20.4 3.1 -6.6 -3.7 -7.0 -1.7

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

3213

3.977 -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Services

ID5

322

44.469 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.1

Trade services

ID5

3223

2.814 4.1 -0.2 1.4 0.0 0.5 -1.6

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

3222

10.389 1.7 1.1 0.6 -0.2 1.6 -0.1

Transportation of passengers

ID5

32221

0.021 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

32222

10.368 1.7 1.1 0.6 -0.2 1.6 -0.1

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

3221

31.266 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.4

Construction

ID5

323

0.605 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Inputs to stage 3 construction producers

ID5

33

1.176 1.3 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.3

Goods

ID5

331

0.568 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.0 0.2 0.3

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

3313

0.568 -0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.0 0.2 0.3

Services

ID5

332

0.608 3.4 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.0 -0.9

Trade services

ID5

3323

0.561 3.5 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.0 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

3322

0.016 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.4

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

33222

0.016 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.4

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

3321

0.031 2.7 0.0 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.9

Stage 2 Intermediate Demand

Stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

2

100.000 -3.8 1.2 -0.3 -0.9 -1.4 0.5

Inputs to stage 2 goods producers

ID5

21

50.555 -9.0 2.4 -0.8 -1.7 -3.1 0.6

Goods

ID5

211

35.815 -13.0 3.4 -1.3 -2.7 -4.2 0.8

Foods

ID5

2111

4.080 -13.7 0.7 -1.2 0.6 -2.3 -4.6

Energy

ID5

2112

15.983 -19.4 6.9 -2.5 -5.4 -8.3 3.8

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

2113

15.752 -4.8 0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9

Services

ID5

212

14.451 2.7 -0.1 0.6 0.7 -0.2 0.3

Trade services

ID5

2123

5.731 3.0 -0.5 1.0 1.6 -0.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

2122

4.784 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation of passengers

ID5

21221

0.180 -2.2 -2.1 1.2 -0.5 2.2 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

21222

4.604 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

2121

3.936 3.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7

Construction

ID5

213

0.289 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Inputs to stage 2 services producers

ID5

22

49.447 2.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3

Goods

ID5

221

5.262 -2.8 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4

Foods

ID5

2211

0.051 -12.9 0.1 -0.7 1.7 -0.5 -1.1

Energy

ID5

2212

0.322 -19.0 2.2 -7.6 -2.5 -2.9 -0.3

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

2213

4.889 -1.4 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Services

ID5

222

43.220 2.7 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.4

Trade services

ID5

2223

2.383 1.3 -1.0 5.3 -1.3 1.4 -3.3

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

2222

2.817 -2.8 1.5 0.9 -0.2 4.5 -0.5

Transportation of passengers

ID5

22221

0.417 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

22222

2.400 -2.9 2.2 0.8 -0.1 4.8 -0.5

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

2221

38.020 3.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7

Construction

ID5

223

0.965 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Stage 1 Intermediate Demand

Stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

1

100.000 -0.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Inputs to stage 1 goods producers

ID5

11

32.376 -4.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.1

Goods

ID5

111

23.318 -6.5 0.0 -0.2 -1.1 -0.5 -0.4

Foods

ID5

1111

2.758 -20.5 -2.4 -1.6 -1.0 -1.3 -3.7

Energy

ID5

1112

3.446 -13.8 2.1 -0.4 -3.0 -3.3 -0.6

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

1113

17.114 -2.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.2 0.1

Services

ID5

112

9.057 2.6 -0.5 1.3 1.6 -0.4 1.6

Trade services

ID5

1123

5.505 2.9 -1.1 2.4 2.4 -0.9 2.6

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

1122

0.603 0.5 -0.3 -0.5 0.7 0.3 -0.5

Transportation of passengers

ID5

11221

0.103 -2.4 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

11222

0.500 1.2 0.1 -0.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.6

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

1121

2.949 2.6 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

Construction

ID5

113

0.001 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Inputs to stage 1 services producers

ID5

12

54.733 1.3 0.4 -0.8 0.1 0.0 0.3

Goods

ID5

121

16.086 -4.2 0.6 -1.7 -0.6 -1.0 -0.4

Foods

ID5

1211

0.064 -42.9 -0.9 -2.7 0.6 0.0 -0.2

Energy

ID5

1212

5.040 -13.7 1.4 -5.1 -1.9 -3.6 -1.9

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

1213

10.982 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3

Services

ID5

122

38.644 3.7 0.3 -0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7

Trade services

ID5

1223

3.829 4.5 -0.3 1.5 0.5 0.7 -1.2

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

1222

4.412 -0.5 -0.1 0.6 -0.3 0.6 -0.2

Transportation of passengers

ID5

12221

1.343 -2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

12222

3.069 0.3 0.8 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

1221

30.403 4.3 0.5 -0.9 0.5 0.3 1.0

Construction

ID5

123

0.003 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Inputs to stage 1 construction producers

ID5

13

12.891 -0.1 0.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.1

Goods

ID5

131

9.205 -0.6 0.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.5 0.3

Energy

ID5

1312

0.754 -24.4 1.2 -7.9 -4.2 -8.1 -1.4

Goods excluding foods and energy

ID5

1313

8.451 2.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Services

ID5

132

3.686 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.9

Trade services

ID5

1323

2.807 3.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing services

ID5

1322

0.783 -6.9 1.5 0.1 -0.1 -1.4 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing of goods

ID5

13222

0.783 -6.9 1.5 0.1 -0.1 -1.4 -0.6

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

ID5

1321

0.096 3.6 0.9 -0.2 0.1 0.4 1.1

Special Groupings of Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9411

46.071 -1.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9412

53.875 3.8 0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.8

Total construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9413

0.053 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9414

5.182 -7.7 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 -0.6 -1.5

Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9415

4.994 -6.9 1.7 -3.1 -0.6 -0.5 -2.3

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

9416

35.895 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9311

44.486 -7.9 0.9 -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 -0.3

Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9312

54.908 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2

Total construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9313

0.605 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9314

10.425 -15.2 1.5 -2.2 -1.5 -2.8 -2.2

Total energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9315

7.048 -19.2 3.1 -5.4 -3.6 -6.4 -1.4

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

9316

27.013 -1.4 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.8

Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9211

41.077 -11.9 3.0 -1.2 -2.4 -3.8 0.6

Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9212

57.671 2.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

Total construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9213

1.254 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9214

4.131 -13.7 0.7 -1.2 0.6 -2.2 -4.5

Total energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9215

16.305 -19.4 6.8 -2.6 -5.4 -8.2 3.7

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

9216

20.641 -4.0 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.8

Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9111

48.609 -4.7 0.3 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.3

Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9112

51.387 3.3 0.2 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

Total construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9117

0.004 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Total foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9114

2.822 -21.2 -2.3 -1.7 -0.9 -1.3 -3.7

Total energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9115

9.240 -14.7 1.6 -3.7 -2.5 -3.9 -1.4

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

9116

36.547 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.2

Footnotes
(1) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences.
(2) All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
(3) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.
(4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
(5) The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption.
(6) Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
(7) Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services.
(8) Includes crude petroleum.
(9) Excludes crude petroleum.
(p) Preliminary

"-" Data not available.


Table 2. Producer price index percentage changes for selected commodity groupings by Final Demand-Intermediate Demand category, seasonally adjusted [January 2024]
Grouping Commodity code Unadjusted
12-month
percent
change(1)
Seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change(1)
Group
code
Item
code
Jan. 2023
to
Jan. 2024(p)
Aug. to
Sept.
Sept. to
Oct.(p)
Oct. to
Nov.(p)
Nov. to
Dec.(p)
Dec. to
Jan.(p)

Final Demand

Final demand

FD

4

0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Final demand goods

FD

41

-1.7 0.9 -1.3 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2

Final demand foods

FD

411

-3.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.7 -0.3

Fresh fruits and melons(2)

01

11

-0.8 0.2 -6.2 18.2 -0.6 3.7

Fresh and dry vegetables(2)

01

13

-19.6 -13.9 -1.7 11.2 -5.6 9.6

Grains

01

2

-32.0 -5.3 -3.0 -3.0 -1.4 -5.4

Eggs for fresh use(2)

01

7107

-49.5 8.1 -12.9 71.2 -20.5 14.6

Oilseeds

01

8301

-16.9 1.9 -0.9 2.2 -3.8 -9.2

Bakery products(2)

02

11

3.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1

Milled rice(2)

02

13

-8.6 -2.7 -1.6 -1.4 -0.1 -1.6

Pasta products(2)

02

1402

-9.7 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 -1.8

Beef and veal

02

2101

9.7 3.2 2.3 0.4 0.4 -4.4

Pork

02

2104

-8.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.5 -4.4

Processed young chickens

02

2203

5.8 4.3 4.2 -3.2 3.8 1.3

Processed turkeys(2)

02

2206

-37.9 -2.5 -1.4 -1.6 -2.3 4.3

Finfish and shellfish

02

23

0.4 -1.5 -0.9 0.5 0.2 5.8

Dairy products(2)

02

3

-6.8 1.7 1.6 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4

Processed fruits and vegetables(2)

02

4

8.9 2.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

Confectionery end products(2)

02

55

2.4 -0.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Soft drinks(2)

02

62

2.0 -0.8 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 3.6

Roasted coffee(2)

02

6301

6.0 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Shortening and cooking oils(2)

02

78

-10.4 -3.9 -2.7 1.3 -1.8 -2.4

Frozen specialty food(2)

02

85

2.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Final demand energy

FD

412

-9.8 3.2 -6.5 -1.8 -1.0 -1.7

Liquefied petroleum gas(2)

05

32

-13.0 9.7 -7.0 -5.7 -2.5 4.5

Residential electric power

05

41

2.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 -1.2

Residential natural gas

05

51

-17.7 0.1 -0.5 1.8 0.4 1.0

Gasoline

05

71

-13.1 6.1 -15.0 -4.0 1.6 -3.6

Home heating oil and distillates

05

7302

-19.5 8.8 -13.2 -5.0 -6.1 1.8

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Final demand goods less foods and energy

FD

413

1.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Alcoholic beverages

02

61

1.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Pet food(2)

02

9402

5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Women's, girls', and infants' apparel(2)

03

8106

0.0 0.0 -1.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

Men's and boys' apparel(2)

03

8107

2.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0

Textile housefurnishings(2)

03

82

-0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Footwear(2)

04

3

1.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

Industrial chemicals

06

1

-13.4 1.2 1.9 -2.1 -1.9 -3.7

Pharmaceutical preparations

06

38

2.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Soaps and detergents(2)

06

71

2.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 1.5 0.3

Cleaning and polishing products(2)

06

72

1.8 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Cosmetics and other toiletries(2)

06

75

3.7 -0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tires(2)

07

1201

-0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.(2)

07

2B

-0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Sanitary paper products(2)

09

1501

-1.3 0.1 -0.9 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2

Iron and steel scrap

10

12

7.7 1.4 1.5 5.0 0.5 -6.2

Agricultural machinery and equipment(2)

11

1

1.4 0.4 0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.0

Construction machinery and equipment(2)

11

2

4.5 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.6

Metal cutting machine tools(2)

11

37

2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Metal forming machine tools

11

38

10.5 6.9 0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.4

Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds(2)

11

39

8.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 3.5

Pumps, compressors, and equipment(2)

11

41

5.2 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.5

Industrial material handling equipment(2)

11

44

3.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.5

Electronic computers and computer equipment(2)

11

5

-2.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1

Textile machinery and equipment(2)

11

62

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Paper industries machinery(2)

11

64

3.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6

Printing trades machinery and equipment(2)

11

65

3.0 -0.4 2.2 -0.3 0.7 -0.1

Transformers and power regulators(2)

11

74

4.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6 0.8

Communication and related equipment

11

76

4.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.4

Electronic components and accessories

11

78

0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

X-ray and electromedical equipment(2)

11

7905

1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Oil field and gas field machinery(2)

11

91

3.9 0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 2.7

Mining machinery and equipment(2)

11

92

9.6 0.3 0.2 2.4 0.0 0.2

Internal combustion engines(2)

11

94

4.7 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 2.4

Household furniture(2)

12

1

-1.7 -0.4 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Commercial furniture(2)

12

2

2.4 0.2 0.0 0.6 -0.6 0.6

Floor coverings(2)

12

3

-0.5 1.6 -0.9 -1.4 -0.4 0.2

Household appliances(2)

12

4

1.3 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1

Home electronic equipment(2)

12

5

0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors(2)

12

66

1.9 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1

Passenger cars

14

1101

-3.3 0.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.4 0.0

Light motor trucks

14

1105

1.2 0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3

Heavy motor trucks(2)

14

1106

1.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles parts(2)

14

12

0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Truck trailers(2)

14

14

-1.8 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Travel trailers and campers(2)

14

16

0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Aircraft

14

21

4.9 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3

Ships(2)

14

31

2.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Railroad equipment(2)

14

4

2.0 0.0 -0.1 0.8 0.0 0.1

Toys, games, and children's vehicles(2)

15

11

0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sporting and athletic goods(2)

15

12

10.0 1.1 0.0 2.2 2.1 1.1

Cigarettes(2)

15

21

10.7 0.4 1.2 1.4 0.0 0.9

Mobile homes

15

5

-2.2 -0.3 0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.3

Medical, surgical & personal aid devices

15

6

2.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4

Jewelry, platinum and karat gold(2)

15

9402

2.0 0.5 -2.2 2.4 2.6 0.5

Costume jewelry and novelties(2)

15

9404

3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Final demand services

FD

42

2.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.6

Final demand trade services(3)

FD

423

-0.2 -1.1 0.0 0.4 -1.0 0.2

Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(2)

57

1102

7.0 -0.1 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.1

Machinery and vehicle wholesaling(2)

57

1103

-1.2 -7.7 1.4 5.8 -8.5 4.4

Professional and commercial equipment wholesaling(2)

57

1104

5.9 0.5 1.4 -1.6 1.2 1.4

Furnishings wholesaling(2)

57

2

-7.5 2.1 -3.7 1.0 0.1 -0.5

Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(2)

57

5

0.9 -2.4 4.8 1.2 -5.8 11.6

Paper and plastics products wholesaling(2)

57

6

2.4 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.8

Apparel wholesaling(2)

57

7

-2.0 2.4 1.1 0.6 -8.6 -3.8

Food and alcohol wholesaling(2)

57

8

1.5 0.0 -0.7 2.4 -1.1 -1.6

Food and alcohol retailing

58

1

4.1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.5

Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing(2)

58

2

1.8 1.3 -2.2 -1.0 3.0 0.0

Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing

58

3

6.4 1.8 -4.0 -0.2 5.7 2.7

Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing(2)

58

4

-38.5 20.3 -27.9 6.4 12.6 -28.1

TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing

58

5

-2.5 9.9 8.1 3.9 -6.8 0.8

Automobiles retailing (partial)

58

6101

-26.8 -2.5 -5.1 -4.3 -5.3 -0.6

Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(2)

58

6102

0.1 -1.0 -1.5 3.8 1.3 0.5

RVs, trailers, and campers retailing(2)

58

8

-10.4 -4.8 -0.3 3.6 -10.9 1.8

Sporting goods, including boats, retailing

58

9

0.8 0.6 -1.1 -3.0 4.7 2.2

Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing(2)

58

A

16.7 1.8 -0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.9

Furniture retailing(2)

58

B

-4.0 -0.3 0.3 -5.6 0.0 -2.1

Flooring and floor coverings retailing(2)

58

C

3.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 -0.2

Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing

58

D

7.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -1.4

Major household appliances retailing

58

E

-1.9 4.2 -4.4 2.9 -4.0 -4.9

Fuels and lubricants retailing

58

F

-8.3 -3.7 16.4 -5.1 4.4 -7.7

Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing(2)

58

G

18.2 0.9 0.1 -1.8 -0.1 2.4

Book retailing(2)

58

H

-2.8 0.7 0.5 -3.2 0.1 1.9

Final demand transportation and warehousing services

FD

422

-4.3 0.4 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4

Rail transportation of freight and mail(2)

30

11

0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.9

Truck transportation of freight(2)

30

12

-7.3 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6

Air transportation of freight(2)

30

14

-0.5 1.4 0.7 2.1 -0.9 -0.9

Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services

30

16

3.7 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.3

Rail transportation of passengers

30

21

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Airline passenger services

30

22

-2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

FD

421

4.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.8

Sales of books

33

11

7.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9

Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers

33

12

2.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1 1.5 -0.3

Application software publishing(2)

34

2

4.2 2.8 0.8 -1.6 1.2 1.6

Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(2)

36

1

0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Residential wired telecommunication services(2)

37

11

5.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Wireless telecommunication services

37

2

1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Cable and satellite subscriber services

37

3

6.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.6

Internet access services(2)

37

4

-0.2 -1.4 0.0 1.0 -0.2 0.7

Bundled wired telecommunications access services(2)

37

5

1.5 -2.9 0.2 -0.2 1.9 2.7

Consumer loans (partial)

39

12

6.8 0.9 -0.5 0.3 4.2 0.8

Deposit services (partial)(2)

39

2

15.6 4.3 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.2

Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(2)

39

3

1.7 0.0 0.0 -3.7 -0.2 0.0

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Portfolio management(2)

40

2

7.2 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 1.4 5.5

Life insurance(2)

41

1101

-1.2 -0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Disability insurance, including accidental death(2)

41

1102

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Health and medical insurance

41

1103

1.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 -1.1

Property and casualty insurance(2)

41

1104

5.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Annuities(2)

41

2

0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2

Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions

43

21

5.6 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 -0.1

Passenger car rental

44

1

-7.6 0.6 0.8 -2.1 1.3 -3.7

Legal services

45

1

7.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0

Tax preparation and planning

45

2102

-3.0 1.7 -4.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3

Architectural and engineering services

45

3

2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(2)

45

4

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Arrangement of flights (partial)

47

1

4.4 0.0 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -1.2

Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging(2)

47

2

-3.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.9

Arrangement of cruises and tours(2)

47

3

-0.6 -0.4 0.6 -0.7 -1.5 -0.9

Physician care

51

1101

1.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5

Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care(2)

51

1102

0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Home health and hospice care

51

1103

4.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.4

Hospital outpatient care(2)

51

1104

5.7 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.4 2.2

Dental care

51

1105

2.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

Hospital inpatient care

51

2101

4.8 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.3

Nursing home care

51

2102

3.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4

Traveler accommodation services

53

11

2.1 0.9 -2.8 1.6 -6.0 4.7

Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)(2)

54

1

3.7 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial)(2)

55

2

4.1 -2.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0

Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees (partial)(2)

56

1

4.7 0.0 1.8 1.8 2.3 0.1

Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)(2)

56

2

0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Gaming receipts (partial)(2)

56

3

0.0 0.6 1.7 -0.2 1.8 -1.6

Mining services(2)

60

1

1.5 0.8 -0.7 1.2 0.1 0.0

Final demand construction

FD

43

-1.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3

New warehouse building construction(2)

80

1101

-1.5 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.0

New school building construction(2)

80

1102

-1.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.5

New office building construction(2)

80

1103

-1.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.2

New industrial building construction(2)

80

1104

-0.1 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.8

New health care building construction(2)

80

1105

-1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.1

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Processed goods for intermediate demand

ID6

1

-3.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 -0.2

Processed foods and feeds

ID6

9112

-6.5 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -1.5

Meats

02

21

1.8 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 -3.5

Processed poultry

02

22

-8.2 4.7 2.0 -6.5 1.4 0.6

Dairy products(2)

02

3

-6.8 1.7 1.6 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4

Processed fruits and vegetables(2)

02

4

8.9 2.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

Refined sugar and byproducts(2)

02

53

9.9 -2.3 0.9 3.3 0.0 0.9

Fats and oils(2)

02

7

-20.5 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 -1.7 -2.6

Prepared animal feeds

02

9

-7.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -2.4

Processed materials less foods and feeds

ID6

9111

-3.5 0.5 -1.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.1

Synthetic fibers(2)

03

1

-4.3 2.4 2.3 -0.6 -3.2 -0.8

Processed yarns and threads(2)

03

2

-2.9 0.3 -0.6 -1.1 0.2 0.3

Finished fabrics(2)

03

4

-0.9 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0

Liquefied petroleum gas(2)

05

32

-13.0 9.7 -7.0 -5.7 -2.5 4.5

Commercial electric power

05

42

1.0 0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 -3.3

Industrial electric power

05

43

-0.8 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.1 -1.9

Commercial natural gas

05

52

-24.7 -1.3 1.1 2.7 2.0 0.0

Industrial natural gas

05

53

-21.6 -1.9 -1.8 2.2 0.0 2.2

Natural gas to electric utilities

05

54

-13.9 0.0 -2.0 -0.1 -0.3 4.3

Gasoline

05

71

-13.1 6.1 -15.0 -4.0 1.6 -3.6

Jet fuel(2)

05

7203

-24.3 7.1 -3.2 -5.8 -12.2 -1.6

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Residual fuels(2)

05

74

17.1 5.7 4.0 -5.2 -6.8 -0.4

Finished lubricants(2)

05

76

0.4 -1.1 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3

Lubricating oil base stocks(2)

05

78

-12.0 -0.1 11.9 2.1 0.6 -12.1

Asphalt

05

8102

15.7 5.0 2.9 2.3 4.4 2.6

Basic inorganic chemicals(2)

06

13

-12.2 -0.2 -1.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5

Basic organic chemicals

06

14

-13.7 1.5 2.8 -2.5 -2.3 -4.4

Prepared paint(2)

06

21

-0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

Paint materials(2)

06

22

-0.8 -0.8 -4.0 0.1 0.9 -0.4

Medicinal and botanical chemicals(2)

06

31

0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.4

Biological products, including diagnostics

06

37

2.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.6

Fats and oils, inedible(2)

06

4

2.0 0.0 -6.5 -5.5 -1.8 23.3

Nitrogenates

06

5201

-31.7 0.8 1.4 -0.7 4.9 -2.0

Phosphates

06

5202

-9.1 0.9 4.6 1.9 2.9 3.9

Other agricultural chemicals(2)

06

53

-14.6 -4.2 0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Plastic resins and materials

06

6

-5.1 0.3 -2.3 1.8 1.1 0.6

Industrial gases(2)

06

7903

0.6 1.5 0.8 -1.7 -0.1 -0.8

Adhesives and sealants(2)

06

7904

1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Synthetic rubber(2)

07

1102

-7.0 1.1 2.4 0.2 -1.5 -1.5

Tires(2)

07

1201

-0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Plastic construction products(2)

07

21

-2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.3

Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes(2)

07

22

-5.5 -1.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0

Parts for manufacturing from plastics(2)

07

26

-1.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 2.0 0.1

Plastic packaging products(2)

07

2A

-1.6 0.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.4 1.2

Softwood lumber

08

11

-9.0 -0.3 -2.3 -4.2 -1.7 -1.8

Hardwood lumber(2)

08

12

-2.7 3.5 -4.9 1.3 4.1 0.1

Millwork

08

2

-3.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Plywood(2)

08

3

-2.6 1.4 1.6 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1

Paper(2)

09

13

-0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Paperboard(2)

09

14

-7.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -1.5 0.4

Paper boxes and containers(2)

09

1503

-4.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5

Building paper and board(2)

09

2

10.0 -0.2 -18.4 -2.4 3.0 -0.2

Commercial printing(2)

09

47

1.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8

Foundry and forge shop products(2)

10

15

2.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.9 1.0

Steel mill products(2)

10

17

4.4 -3.5 -2.5 -1.9 2.4 5.4

Primary nonferrous metals(2)

10

22

-2.2 1.9 -2.0 0.6 -1.0 0.6

Secondary nonferrous metals(2)

10

24

-5.6 -0.3 -1.4 0.2 0.0 0.8

Aluminum mill shapes(2)

10

2501

-5.5 -0.9 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -1.7

Copper and brass mill shapes(2)

10

2502

-2.2 0.2 -1.3 -0.3 1.0 1.0

Nonferrous wire and cable(2)

10

26

-6.4 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.8

Nonferrous foundry shop products

10

28

3.0 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.7 0.2

Metal containers(2)

10

3

-3.1 -0.2 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.3

Hardware(2)

10

4

0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings

10

5

1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.7

Heating equipment(2)

10

6

2.8 -0.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.7

Fabricated structural metal products

10

7

2.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.5

Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(2)

10

81

9.0 2.9 -0.5 0.4 0.0 1.9

Lighting fixtures(2)

10

83

2.7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Fabricated ferrous wire products

10

88

-7.9 -0.4 -1.3 0.7 -0.3 0.2

Other miscellaneous metal products(2)

10

89

1.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5

Fluid power equipment(2)

11

43

9.5 0.5 2.1 -1.9 0.0 0.7

Mechanical power transmission equipment(2)

11

45

2.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.5

Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment

11

48

3.6 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 -0.6

Metal valves, except fluid power

11

4902

2.4 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.5 -1.7

Ball and roller bearings(2)

11

4905

2.9 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2 1.0

Wiring devices(2)

11

71

-4.6 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6

Motors, generators, motor generator sets(2)

11

73

4.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.(2)

11

75

6.2 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.2 1.3

Electronic components and accessories

11

78

0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

Internal combustion engines(2)

11

94

4.7 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 2.4

Machine shop products(2)

11

95

1.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Flat glass(2)

13

11

2.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 -0.2

Cement

13

22

8.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2

Concrete products

13

3

6.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 -0.6 0.8

Asphalt felts and coatings(2)

13

6

4.8 0.6 0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.3

Paving mixtures and blocks

13

94

3.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.3

Motor vehicle parts(2)

14

12

0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Aircraft engines and engine parts

14

23

3.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.5

Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.

14

25

4.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices

15

6

2.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand

ID6

2

-15.0 2.9 -1.6 -2.1 -4.4 0.1

Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs

ID6

21

-14.5 1.2 -2.1 -0.4 -3.3 -2.2

Wheat(2)

01

21

-24.2 -5.2 -6.0 -1.2 2.4 -3.3

Corn

01

2202

-34.5 -5.3 -2.9 -3.5 -2.0 -6.5

Slaughter cattle

01

31

12.0 1.6 0.2 -4.4 -3.2 1.3

Slaughter hogs

01

32

-37.6 -3.0 -5.1 -4.4 -18.8 -2.9

Slaughter chickens

01

4102

6.8 8.2 -1.0 -1.3 4.8 -3.3

Slaughter turkeys

01

42

-29.4 -4.2 -14.1 4.7 1.3 14.1

Raw milk

01

6

-16.6 5.2 -2.4 -1.4 -5.1 -3.1

Hay and hayseeds(2)

01

81

-31.7 5.4 -4.7 7.1 -17.5 -2.0

Oilseeds

01

8301

-16.9 1.9 -0.9 2.2 -3.8 -9.2

Raw cane sugar and byproducts(2)

02

5201

6.7 -0.3 4.1 -0.7 -0.3 -2.3

Unprocessed nonfood materials

ID6

22

-15.3 4.0 -1.4 -3.1 -5.1 1.6

Raw cotton(2)

01

51

-10.0 1.6 -1.5 -6.2 3.6 -0.4

Hides and skins

04

1

-4.6 -0.9 -5.7 1.3 -3.0 0.0

Coal(2)

05

1

0.1 -3.4 2.7 2.7 -0.5 0.4

Natural gas(2)

05

31

-55.8 -2.6 1.2 9.9 -4.2 -2.4

Crude petroleum(2)

05

61

-1.6 10.3 -3.4 -9.6 -10.8 6.1

Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips(2)

08

5

-4.4 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.2

Recyclable paper(2)

09

12

74.4 9.6 10.8 4.0 1.9 8.2

Iron ores(2)

10

11

-5.4 0.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.3 0.6

Iron and steel scrap

10

12

7.7 1.4 1.5 5.0 0.5 -6.2

Nonferrous metal ores(2)

10

21

-5.4 0.5 1.8 3.4 1.2 -1.1

Copper base scrap(2)

10

2301

-4.2 -0.6 -2.7 0.5 1.8 -0.8

Aluminum base scrap

10

2302

-2.5 0.3 0.4 2.3 -0.9 -5.0

Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone

13

21

8.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.3

Services for intermediate demand

ID6

3

3.1 0.3 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.5

Trade services for intermediate demand(3)

ID6

33

3.7 -0.4 1.4 1.3 -0.3 0.1

Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(2)

57

1102

7.0 -0.1 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.1

Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling

57

3

-7.8 0.5 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.1

Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(2)

57

4

12.4 -2.5 4.6 10.5 3.4 2.5

Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(2)

57

5

0.9 -2.4 4.8 1.2 -5.8 11.6

Paper and plastics products wholesaling(2)

57

6

2.4 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.8

Food wholesaling(2)

57

8101

1.5 0.0 -0.9 2.6 -1.3 -1.8

Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(2)

58

6102

0.1 -1.0 -1.5 3.8 1.3 0.5

Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing

58

D

7.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -1.4

Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand

ID6

32

-0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.8 -0.1

Rail transportation of freight and mail(2)

30

11

0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.9

Truck transportation of freight(2)

30

12

-7.3 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6

Water transportation of freight(2)

30

13

1.7 -0.8 -2.3 0.4 0.3 -0.7

Air transportation of freight(2)

30

14

-0.5 1.4 0.7 2.1 -0.9 -0.9

U.S. Postal Service(2)

30

1601

3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Courier and messenger services, except air mail

30

1602

4.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS

30

1603

2.5 1.0 1.3 -1.0 0.3 0.9

Pipeline transportation(2)

30

17

2.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Transportation of passengers (partial)

30

2

-2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Services related to water transportation(2)

31

1

3.2 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.8

Arrangement of freight and cargo(2)

31

31

-8.7 5.6 1.6 -0.3 12.3 -0.1

Warehousing, storage, and related services(2)

32

1

0.5 2.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand

ID6

31

3.6 0.4 -0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7

Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio(2)

35

-

0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(2)

36

11

-0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists(2)

36

12

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Television advertising time sales

36

2

-15.1 -3.5 0.6 6.3 1.7 -0.9

Radio advertising time sales

36

3

-6.2 -0.7 -0.7 4.7 1.5 -16.3

Internet advertising sales(2)

36

6

1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Business wired telecommunication services(2)

37

12

2.7 0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.5

Wireless telecommunication services

37

2

1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Cable and satellite subscriber services

37

3

6.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 -0.6

Bundled wired telecommunication access services(2)

37

5

1.5 -2.9 0.2 -0.2 1.9 2.7

Data processing and related services(2)

38

1

2.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Business loans (partial)

39

11

3.8 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 0.7

Deposit services (partial)(2)

39

2

15.6 4.3 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.2

Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(2)

39

3

1.7 0.0 0.0 -3.7 -0.2 0.0

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Portfolio management(2)

40

2

7.2 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 1.4 5.5

Investment banking(2)

40

3

8.1 2.9 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.3

Life insurance(2)

41

1101

-1.2 -0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Health and medical insurance

41

1103

1.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 -1.1

Property and casualty insurance(2)

41

1104

5.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Annuities(2)

41

2

0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2

Commissions from sales of insurance(2)

42

1

-0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Nonresidential real estate rents(2)

43

11

3.4 2.0 -3.0 1.4 1.1 1.6

Nonresidential property sales and leases(2)

43

12

-6.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -1.9 -1.5

Residential property management fees(2)

43

22

4.2 -0.5 -0.7 1.1 -0.4 3.3

Passenger car rental

44

1

-7.6 0.6 0.8 -2.1 1.3 -3.7

Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing(2)

44

2

-1.0 0.9 -0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.0

Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(2)

44

3

-0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.4 0.2

Legal services

45

1

7.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0

Accounting services (partial)

45

2

4.9 1.1 -2.7 -0.7 0.3 1.2

Architectural and engineering services

45

3

2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(2)

45

4

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Advertising and related services (partial)(2)

45

5

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Permanent placement services(2)

46

1

2.0 0.4 -0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6

Executive search services(2)

46

2

8.6 1.3 0.8 -0.9 3.6 1.0

Staffing services

46

3

0.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Security guard services(2)

48

1

11.6 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 2.4 2.8

Janitorial services(2)

49

1

-0.6 -2.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6

Waste collection

50

1

7.2 1.0 -0.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.1

Traveler accommodation services

53

11

2.1 0.9 -2.8 1.6 -6.0 4.7

Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance

55

1

7.6 1.6 -0.6 0.7 0.4 1.9

Aircraft repair and maintenance

55

4

8.8 3.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0

Metal treatment services(2)

59

1

4.6 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.5 1.3

Construction for intermediate demand

ID6

4

2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)(2)

80

2

2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 intermediate demand

ID5

4

1.5 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Stage 4 intermediate demand goods

ID5

9411

-1.1 0.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Grains

01

2

-32.0 -5.3 -3.0 -3.0 -1.4 -5.4

Meats

02

21

1.8 1.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 -3.5

Unprocessed and packaged fish

02

23

0.4 -1.5 -0.9 0.5 0.2 5.8

Dairy products(2)

02

3

-6.8 1.7 1.6 -0.6 -1.4 -1.4

Commercial electric power

05

42

1.0 0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 -3.3

Industrial electric power

05

43

-0.8 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.1 -1.9

Gasoline

05

71

-13.1 6.1 -15.0 -4.0 1.6 -3.6

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Basic organic chemicals

06

14

-13.7 1.5 2.8 -2.5 -2.3 -4.4

Prepared paint(2)

06

21

-0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

Medicinal and botanical chemicals(2)

06

31

0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 -0.2 0.4

Biological products, including diagnostics

06

37

2.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 -1.6

Pharmaceutical preparations

06

38

2.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Plastic construction products(2)

07

21

-2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.3

Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(2)

07

22

-5.5 -1.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0

Parts for manufacturing from plastics(2)

07

26

-1.8 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 2.0 0.1

Plastic packaging products(2)

07

2A

-1.6 0.0 -0.4 0.3 -0.4 1.2

Lumber

08

1

-6.4 1.1 -3.3 -2.1 0.7 -1.0

Millwork

08

2

-3.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Paper boxes and containers(2)

09

1503

-4.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5

Commercial printing(2)

09

47

1.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8

Steel mill products(2)

10

17

4.4 -3.5 -2.5 -1.9 2.4 5.4

Nonferrous wire and cable(2)

10

26

-6.4 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.8

Fabricated structural metal products

10

7

2.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.5

Other miscellaneous metal products(2)

10

89

1.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5

Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment

11

48

3.6 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 -0.6

Wiring devices(2)

11

71

-4.6 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6

Electronic components and accessories

11

78

0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment(2)

11

79

0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Internal combustion engines(2)

11

94

4.7 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 2.4

Machine shop products(2)

11

95

1.5 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Concrete ingredients and related products

13

2

8.1 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.7

Concrete products

13

3

6.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 -0.6 0.8

Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products(2)

13

61

5.7 0.7 0.7 -0.3 0.3 -0.4

Paving mixtures and blocks

13

94

3.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.3

Motor vehicle parts(2)

14

12

0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Aircraft engines and engine parts

14

23

3.4 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.5

Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.

14

25

4.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Medical, surgical and personal aid devices

15

6

2.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.4

Stage 4 intermediate demand services

ID5

9412

3.8 0.3 -0.2 0.5 0.3 0.8

Truck transportation of freight(2)

30

12

-7.3 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6

Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services

30

16

3.7 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.3

Airline passenger services

30

22

-2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Warehousing, storage, and related services(2)

32

1

0.5 2.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(2)

36

11

-0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Data processing and related services(2)

38

1

2.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Business loans (partial)

39

11

3.8 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 0.7

Deposit services (partial)(2)

39

2

15.6 4.3 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.2

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Portfolio management(2)

40

2

7.2 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 1.4 5.5

Investment banking(2)

40

3

8.1 2.9 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.3

Insurance

41

11

2.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Annuities(2)

41

2

0.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2

Nonresidential real estate rents(2)

43

11

3.4 2.0 -3.0 1.4 1.1 1.6

Nonresidential property sales and leases(2)

43

12

-6.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -1.9 -1.5

Nonresidential property management fees(2)

43

13

7.0 0.1 0.8 -0.4 1.0 -0.8

Residential property management fees(2)

43

22

4.2 -0.5 -0.7 1.1 -0.4 3.3

Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(2)

44

3

-0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.4 0.2

Legal services

45

1

7.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0

Advertising agency services(2)

45

51

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Accounting services (partial)

45

2

4.9 1.1 -2.7 -0.7 0.3 1.2

Architectural and engineering services

45

3

2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(2)

45

4

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Staffing services

46

3

0.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Janitorial services(2)

49

1

-0.6 -2.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6

Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance

55

1

7.6 1.6 -0.6 0.7 0.4 1.9

Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(2)

57

1102

7.0 -0.1 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.1

Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling

57

3

-7.8 0.5 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.1

Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(2)

57

4

12.4 -2.5 4.6 10.5 3.4 2.5

Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(2)

57

5

0.9 -2.4 4.8 1.2 -5.8 11.6

Paper and plastics products wholesaling(2)

57

6

2.4 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.8

Food and alcohol wholesaling(2)

57

8

1.5 0.0 -0.7 2.4 -1.1 -1.6

Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing

58

D

7.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -1.4

Metal treatment services(2)

59

1

4.6 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.5 1.3

Stage 3 intermediate demand

ID5

3

-2.6 0.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.0

Stage 3 intermediate demand goods

ID5

9311

-7.9 0.9 -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 -0.3

Slaughter cattle

01

31

12.0 1.6 0.2 -4.4 -3.2 1.3

Slaughter hogs

01

32

-37.6 -3.0 -5.1 -4.4 -18.8 -2.9

Slaughter poultry

01

4

0.4 6.3 -2.6 -0.6 4.3 -1.4

Raw milk

01

6

-16.6 5.2 -2.4 -1.4 -5.1 -3.1

Commercial electric power

05

42

1.0 0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 -3.3

Industrial electric power

05

43

-0.8 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.1 -1.9

Gasoline

05

71

-13.1 6.1 -15.0 -4.0 1.6 -3.6

Jet fuel(2)

05

7203

-24.3 7.1 -3.2 -5.8 -12.2 -1.6

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Finished lubricants(2)

05

76

0.4 -1.1 -0.2 0.2 0.7 0.3

Lubricating oil base stocks(2)

05

78

-12.0 -0.1 11.9 2.1 0.6 -12.1

Asphalt

05

8102

15.7 5.0 2.9 2.3 4.4 2.6

Basic inorganic chemicals(2)

06

13

-12.2 -0.2 -1.9 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5

Basic organic chemicals

06

14

-13.7 1.5 2.8 -2.5 -2.3 -4.4

Paints and allied products(2)

06

2

-0.8 -0.3 -1.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

Agricultural chemicals and chemical products

06

5

-17.1 -0.9 1.3 -0.7 1.6 0.3

Plastic resins and materials

06

6

-5.1 0.3 -2.3 1.8 1.1 0.6

Synthetic rubber(2)

07

1102

-7.0 1.1 2.4 0.2 -1.5 -1.5

Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(2)

07

22

-5.5 -1.5 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0

Paper(2)

09

13

-0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Paperboard(2)

09

14

-7.7 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 -1.5 0.4

Converted paper and paperboard products(2)

09

15

-2.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.4

Commercial printing(2)

09

47

1.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8

Foundry and forge shop products(2)

10

15

2.0 -0.1 -0.6 -0.2 0.9 1.0

Steel mill products(2)

10

17

4.4 -3.5 -2.5 -1.9 2.4 5.4

Nonferrous mill shapes(2)

10

25

-3.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.8

Nonferrous foundry shop products

10

28

3.0 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.7 0.2

Metal containers(2)

10

3

-3.1 -0.2 -0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.3

Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products

10

74

2.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.0

Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(2)

10

81

9.0 2.9 -0.5 0.4 0.0 1.9

Other miscellaneous metal products(2)

10

89

1.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5

General purpose machinery and equipment

11

4

4.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equipment

11

7

2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9

Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone

13

21

8.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.3

Cement

13

22

8.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.2

Motor vehicle parts(2)

14

12

0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Aircraft and aircraft equipment

14

2

4.5 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

Stage 3 intermediate demand services

ID5

9312

2.0 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2

Rail transportation of freight and mail(2)

30

11

0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.9

Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services

30

16

3.7 0.5 0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.3

Arrangement of freight and cargo(2)

31

31

-8.7 5.6 1.6 -0.3 12.3 -0.1

Freight forwarding(2)

31

3201

-0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0

Warehousing, storage, and related services(2)

32

1

0.5 2.0 -0.3 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(2)

36

1

0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Wired telephone services(2)

37

1

3.3 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Bundled wired telecommunications access services(2)

37

5

1.5 -2.9 0.2 -0.2 1.9 2.7

Data processing and related services(2)

38

1

2.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Business loans (partial)

39

11

3.8 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 0.7

Deposit services (partial)(2)

39

2

15.6 4.3 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.2

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Insurance

41

11

2.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Nonresidential real estate rents(2)

43

11

3.4 2.0 -3.0 1.4 1.1 1.6

Legal services

45

1

7.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0

Accounting services (partial)

45

2

4.9 1.1 -2.7 -0.7 0.3 1.2

Architectural and engineering services

45

3

2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(2)

45

4

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Advertising agency services(2)

45

51

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Staffing services

46

3

0.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Aircraft repair maintenance

55

4

8.8 3.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0

Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(2)

57

1102

7.0 -0.1 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.1

Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling

57

3

-7.8 0.5 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.1

Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(2)

57

4

12.4 -2.5 4.6 10.5 3.4 2.5

Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(2)

57

5

0.9 -2.4 4.8 1.2 -5.8 11.6

Paper and plastics products wholesaling(2)

57

6

2.4 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.8

Food wholesaling(2)

57

8101

1.5 0.0 -0.9 2.6 -1.3 -1.8

Metal treatment services(2)

59

1

4.6 -0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.5 1.3

Stage 2 intermediate demand

ID5

2

-3.8 1.2 -0.3 -0.9 -1.4 0.5

Stage 2 intermediate demand goods

ID5

9211

-11.9 3.0 -1.2 -2.4 -3.8 0.6

Corn

01

2202

-34.5 -5.3 -2.9 -3.5 -2.0 -6.5

Oilseeds

01

83

-16.9 1.9 -0.9 2.2 -3.8 -9.2

Prepared animal feeds

02

9

-7.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -2.4

Coal(2)

05

1

0.1 -3.4 2.7 2.7 -0.5 0.4

Natural gas(2)

05

31

-55.8 -2.6 1.2 9.9 -4.2 -2.4

Liquefied petroleum gas(2)

05

32

-13.0 9.7 -7.0 -5.7 -2.5 4.5

Crude petroleum(2)

05

61

-1.6 10.3 -3.4 -9.6 -10.8 6.1

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Industrial chemicals

06

1

-13.4 1.2 1.9 -2.1 -1.9 -3.7

Plastic resins and materials

06

6

-5.1 0.3 -2.3 1.8 1.1 0.6

Plastic products(2)

07

2

-1.8 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4

Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips(2)

08

5

-4.4 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 -0.3 0.2

Paper(2)

09

13

-0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard(2)

09

1411

-7.7 0.9 -0.7 0.0 -2.0 0.2

Commercial printing(2)

09

47

1.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8

Iron and steel scrap

10

12

7.7 1.4 1.5 5.0 0.5 -6.2

Steel mill products(2)

10

17

4.4 -3.5 -2.5 -1.9 2.4 5.4

Nonferrous mill shapes(2)

10

25

-3.9 -0.5 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 -0.8

Electrical machinery and equipment

11

7

2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9

Electronic components and accessories

11

78

0.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5

Stage 2 intermediate demand services

ID5

9212

2.7 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

Rail transportation of freight and mail(2)

30

11

0.9 0.7 1.2 0.4 -0.1 0.9

Truck transportation of freight(2)

30

12

-7.3 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6

U.S. Postal Service(2)

30

1601

3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Courier and messenger services, except air

30

1602

4.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.1

Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS

30

1603

2.5 1.0 1.3 -1.0 0.3 0.9

Pipeline transportation(2)

30

17

2.7 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Airline passenger services

30

22

-2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Arrangement of freight and cargo(2)

31

31

-8.7 5.6 1.6 -0.3 12.3 -0.1

Television advertising time sales

36

21

-15.1 -3.5 0.6 6.3 1.7 -0.9

Wireless telecommunication services

37

2

1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Data processing and related services(2)

38

1

2.4 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Portfolio management(2)

40

2

7.2 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 1.4 5.5

Investment banking(2)

40

31

8.1 2.9 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.3

Insurance

41

11

2.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Commissions from sales of insurance(2)

42

11

-0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Legal services

45

1

7.0 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 2.0

Accounting services (partial)

45

2

4.9 1.1 -2.7 -0.7 0.3 1.2

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services(2)

45

4

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Advertising agency services(2)

45

51

0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Staffing services

46

3

0.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Security guard services(2)

48

1

11.6 -0.1 0.8 -0.2 2.4 2.8

Janitorial services(2)

49

1

-0.6 -2.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6

Traveler accommodation services

53

1

2.1 0.9 -2.8 1.6 -6.0 4.7

Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance

55

1

7.6 1.6 -0.6 0.7 0.4 1.9

Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing

58

D

7.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -1.4

Stage 1 intermediate demand

ID5

1

-0.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Stage 1 intermediate demand goods

ID5

9111

-4.7 0.3 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.3

Prepared animal feeds

02

9

-7.9 0.0 -0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -2.4

Commercial electric power

05

42

1.0 0.5 0.2 1.5 1.1 -3.3

Industrial electric power

05

43

-0.8 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.1 -1.9

Commercial natural gas

05

52

-24.7 -1.3 1.1 2.7 2.0 0.0

Industrial natural gas

05

53

-21.6 -1.9 -1.8 2.2 0.0 2.2

Gasoline

05

71

-13.1 6.1 -15.0 -4.0 1.6 -3.6

No. 2 diesel fuel

05

7303

-27.0 0.8 -11.8 -3.7 -9.3 -0.4

Industrial chemicals

06

1

-13.4 1.2 1.9 -2.1 -1.9 -3.7

Prepared paint(2)

06

21

-0.6 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

Plastic construction products(2)

07

21

-2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.3

Recyclable paper(2)

09

12

74.4 9.6 10.8 4.0 1.9 8.2

Paper(2)

09

13

-0.2 0.6 -0.5 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Converted paper and paperboard products(2)

09

15

-2.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.4

Iron and steel scrap

10

12

7.7 1.4 1.5 5.0 0.5 -6.2

Steel mill products(2)

10

17

4.4 -3.5 -2.5 -1.9 2.4 5.4

Primary nonferrous metals(2)

10

22

-2.2 1.9 -2.0 0.6 -1.0 0.6

Nonferrous scrap

10

23

-10.7 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 2.1 -3.4

Nonferrous wire and cable(2)

10

26

-6.4 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 0.4 0.8

Fabricated structural metal products

10

7

2.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.5

General purpose machinery and equipment

11

4

4.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone

13

21

8.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.3

Stage 1 intermediate demand services

ID5

9112

3.3 0.2 -0.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

Truck transportation of freight(2)

30

12

-7.3 1.6 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.6

Airline passenger services

30

22

-2.3 -2.2 1.2 -0.5 2.3 -0.5

Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(2)

36

1

0.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3

Business wired telecommunication services(2)

37

12

2.7 0.2 -0.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.5

Wireless telecommunication services

37

2

1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Bundled wired telecommunications access services(2)

37

5

1.5 -2.9 0.2 -0.2 1.9 2.7

Business loans (partial)

39

11

3.8 -1.9 0.5 -1.2 -0.2 0.7

Deposit services (partial)(2)

39

2

15.6 4.3 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.2

Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(2)

40

1

11.5 -0.1 -1.9 0.1 2.9 0.7

Portfolio management(2)

40

2

7.2 -0.5 -3.0 -1.7 1.4 5.5

Investment banking(2)

40

3

8.1 2.9 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.3

Insurance

41

11

2.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Nonresidential real estate rents(2)

43

11

3.4 2.0 -3.0 1.4 1.1 1.6

Architectural and engineering services

45

3

2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 -1.0

Management consulting services(2)

45

41

3.7 5.1 -3.6 2.1 0.9 0.1

Waste collection

50

1

7.2 1.0 -0.2 0.9 -0.3 -0.1

Traveler accommodation services

53

11

2.1 0.9 -2.8 1.6 -6.0 4.7

Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance

55

1

7.6 1.6 -0.6 0.7 0.4 1.9

Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(2)

57

1102

7.0 -0.1 0.7 1.5 -0.2 0.1

Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling

57

3

-7.8 0.5 0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -0.1

Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(2)

57

4

12.4 -2.5 4.6 10.5 3.4 2.5

Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(2)

57

5

0.9 -2.4 4.8 1.2 -5.8 11.6

Paper and plastics products wholesaling(2)

57

6

2.4 -1.0 0.6 -0.2 0.7 0.8

Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing

58

D

7.7 3.2 0.8 0.0 -0.6 -1.4

Mining services(2)

60

1

1.5 0.8 -0.7 1.2 0.1 0.0

Footnotes
(1) All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
(2) Seasonal tests did not indicate the presence of seasonality. Data shown is not seasonally adjusted.
(3) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
(p) Preliminary

"-" Data not available.
NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.


Table 3. Producer price indexes for Final Demand-Intermediate Demand groupings, seasonally adjusted [January 2024, Index base Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping Other
index
base
Commodity code Seasonally adjusted index(1)
Group
code
Item
code
Sept.
2023
Oct.
2023(p)
Nov.
2023(p)
Dec.
2023(p)
Jan.
2024(p)

Final Demand

Final demand

 

FD

4

142.658 142.144 142.229 142.020 142.488

Final demand goods

 

FD

41

145.037 143.193 142.983 142.600 142.333

Final demand foods

 

FD

411

149.456 149.763 150.786 149.763 149.387

Finished consumer foods(2)

00/82

FD

4111

263.936 264.741 266.756 265.267 266.365

Finished consumer foods, crude

00/82

FD

41113

228.312 221.837 264.871 248.171 267.898

Finished consumer foods, processed

00/82

FD

41112

266.186 267.681 265.778 265.745 265.063

Government purchased foods

 

FD

4112

154.974 156.678 156.497 155.546 153.578

Foods for export

 

FD

4113

149.216 148.269 149.268 147.384 143.114

Final demand energy

 

FD

412

153.943 144.003 141.380 139.993 137.667

Finished consumer energy goods(2)

00/82

FD

4121

240.470 223.102 219.923 220.734 216.965

Government purchased energy

 

FD

4122

166.246 158.537 154.147 146.513 143.959

Energy for export

 

FD

4123

146.473 143.721 137.962 128.163 126.949

Final demand goods less foods and energy

 

FD

413

141.135 141.218 141.417 141.527 141.933

Finished goods less foods and energy(2)

00/82

FD

4131

248.345 248.574 249.063 249.172 250.161

Finished consumer goods less foods and energy

00/82

FD

41311

275.915 276.111 276.701 276.886 277.550

Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy

00/82

FD

413111

358.014 358.802 359.621 360.112 361.124

Durable consumer goods

00/82

FD

413112

191.727 191.426 191.791 191.713 192.052

Private capital equipment

00/82

FD

41312

213.280 213.528 213.907 213.944 215.175

Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries

00/82

FD

413121

228.999 229.287 229.691 230.083 231.896

Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries

00/82

FD

413122

208.579 208.815 209.186 209.119 210.177

Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy

 

FD

4132

137.482 137.620 137.594 137.655 138.298

Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment

 

FD

41321

145.662 145.831 145.616 145.670 145.837

Government purchased capital equipment

 

FD

41322

125.141 125.240 125.439 125.508 126.711

Goods for export, excluding foods and energy

 

FD

4133

137.186 137.168 137.296 137.501 137.545

Final demand services

 

FD

42

140.449 140.530 140.757 140.615 141.412

Final demand trade services(3)

 

FD

423

151.396 151.386 152.000 150.456 150.828

Trade of finished goods(2)

 

FD

4231

150.066 149.717 149.908 148.834 148.867

Trade of personal consumption goods

 

FD

42311

150.506 150.140 149.455 149.744 149.241

Trade of private capital equipment

 

FD

42312

146.415 146.142 150.209 143.112 145.519

Trade of government purchased goods

 

FD

4232

160.933 162.976 166.065 161.448 162.822

Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment

 

FD

42321

169.071 171.125 171.864 171.075 169.764

Trade of government purchased capital equipment

 

FD

42322

147.229 149.237 155.808 145.518 150.888

Trade of exports

 

FD

4233

160.244 162.682 166.369 161.535 164.748

Final demand transportation and warehousing services

 

FD

422

149.372 150.058 149.715 149.413 148.854

Transportation of passengers for final demand

 

FD

4221

132.680 134.290 133.584 136.600 135.977

Transportation of private passengers

 

FD

42211

132.687 134.294 133.589 136.600 135.978

Transportation of government passengers

 

FD

42212

132.492 134.084 133.387 136.371 135.754

Transportation of passengers for export

 

FD

42213

132.658 134.282 133.569 136.610 135.983

Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand

 

FD

4222

155.064 155.386 155.187 153.591 153.060

Transportation and warehousing of finished goods(2)

 

FD

42221

153.064 153.327 153.143 151.387 150.770

Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods

 

FD

422211

153.601 153.869 153.678 151.961 151.360

Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment

 

FD

422212

150.891 151.133 150.977 149.063 148.378

Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods

 

FD

42222

153.791 153.977 153.866 152.455 151.989

Transportation and warehousing of exports

 

FD

42223

161.104 161.594 161.340 160.065 159.715

Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

421

134.487 134.541 134.670 135.110 136.214

Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing(2)

 

FD

4211

134.690 134.846 134.990 135.349 136.465

Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

42111

133.995 134.118 134.276 134.624 135.921

Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

42112

141.239 141.652 141.691 142.143 141.846

Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

4212

125.533 125.048 125.238 125.835 126.789

Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment

 

FD

42121

126.176 125.617 125.876 126.474 127.485

Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

42122

110.303 110.896 110.083 110.647 110.746

Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

FD

4213

142.631 141.823 141.667 143.097 144.224

Final demand construction

 

FD

43

174.862 174.378 174.130 174.249 174.752

Construction for private capital investment

 

FD

431

179.053 178.498 178.176 178.377 178.824

Construction for government

 

FD

432

167.044 166.707 166.616 166.560 167.184

Final Demand Special Groupings

Final demand less exports

04/10

FD

49101

140.401 139.809 139.856 139.721 140.210

Final demand less government

04/10

FD

49102

140.613 140.124 140.229 140.087 140.560

Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(4)

04/10

FD

49103

139.965 140.029 140.235 140.117 140.875

Final demand less foods and energy(4)

04/10

FD

49104

139.766 139.832 140.040 139.959 140.656

Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(4)

04/10

FD

49105

140.448 139.855 139.875 139.675 140.227

Final demand less foods(4)

04/10

FD

49106

140.163 139.611 139.642 139.481 139.989

Final demand less energy

04/10

FD

49107

140.063 140.143 140.395 140.262 140.898

Final demand less trade services

01/10

FD

49108

138.966 138.348 138.316 138.401 138.885

Final demand less distributive services(5)

01/10

FD

49109

138.442 137.784 137.759 137.915 138.443

Final demand goods less energy

01/10

FD

49111

141.445 141.576 141.952 141.815 142.048

Final demand goods less foods

04/10

FD

49112

140.973 138.721 138.259 138.018 137.779

Final demand services less trade services

04/10

FD

49113

134.702 134.814 134.898 135.265 136.204

Final demand distributive services(5)

04/10

FD

49114

148.903 148.945 149.421 147.900 148.125

Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services(5)

04/10

FD

49115

144.542 143.506 143.584 142.735 142.675

Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services(4)

08/13

FD

49116

128.885 128.966 129.064 129.337 130.071

Private and government purchased capital equipment

08/13

FD

49117

128.786 128.929 129.154 129.184 129.995

Private and government purchased capital investment services

08/13

FD

49118

132.768 132.969 134.490 132.002 132.771

Total private and government purchased capital investment

08/13

FD

49119

134.148 134.242 135.052 133.837 134.577

Total finished(2)

01/10

FD

49201

141.320 140.736 140.804 140.751 141.260

Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(2)(4)

12/10

FD

49202

139.539 139.575 139.717 139.672 140.368

Total finished less foods and energy(2)(4)

01/10

FD

49203

140.387 140.432 140.576 140.531 141.227

Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(2)(4)

12/10

FD

49204

139.547 138.900 138.908 138.898 139.399

Total finished less foods(2)(4)

01/10

FD

49205

140.949 140.309 140.319 140.309 140.812

Total finished less energy(2)

01/10

FD

49206

140.821 140.888 141.087 140.999 141.689

Finished goods(2)

00/82

FD

49207

259.117 254.755 254.598 254.566 254.340

Finished goods less energy(2)

00/82

FD

49208

251.676 252.060 252.959 252.636 253.651

Finished goods, excluding foods(2)(4)

00/82

FD

49209

257.179 251.468 250.739 251.090 250.516

Finished services(2)

01/10

FD

49210

138.883 138.927 139.058 138.987 139.711

Private capital investment services

04/10

FD

49211

142.991 143.136 144.666 142.169 142.860

Finished distributive services(2)(5)

04/10

FD

49212

147.336 147.067 147.209 146.075 146.030

Finished services less trade services(2)

04/10

FD

49213

134.519 134.709 134.817 135.119 136.099

Finished services less distributive services(2)(5)

04/10

FD

49214

133.765 133.952 134.077 134.492 135.562

Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)

04/10

FD

49215

142.135 142.214 143.078 141.785 142.476

Finished goods plus finished distributive services(2)

04/10

FD

49216

145.832 144.443 144.466 143.910 143.823

Total exports

04/10

FD

49301

140.104 140.154 140.476 139.809 140.086

Goods for export

00/82

FD

49302

233.314 232.838 232.654 231.623 230.731

Services for export

04/10

FD

49303

150.293 150.799 151.725 150.946 152.335

Total government purchases

04/10

FD

49401

138.348 137.653 137.493 136.555 136.876

Government purchased goods

00/82

FD

49402

238.552 235.795 233.904 230.605 229.830

Government purchased services

04/10

FD

49403

133.256 133.259 133.872 133.605 134.518

Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction)

08/13

FD

49404

132.011 132.241 132.997 131.845 133.188

Government purchases, defense

05/15

FD

49405

125.622 125.196 125.000 123.066 123.504

Government purchases, non-defense

05/15

FD

49406

132.471 131.705 131.578 131.159 131.410

Personal consumption

01/10

FD

49501

141.051 140.316 140.202 140.433 140.900

Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods)

00/82

FD

49502

278.596 272.218 271.825 271.762 270.895

Personal consumption goods less energy

00/82

FD

49503

271.277 271.740 272.956 272.408 273.264

Personal consumption goods less foods

00/82

FD

49504

282.877 273.484 272.069 272.614 270.916

Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods

00/82

FD

49508

322.820 309.367 307.155 307.978 305.370

Personal consumption services

04/10

FD

49505

137.728 137.757 137.671 137.975 138.703

Personal consumption less trade services

04/10

FD

49506

138.099 137.275 137.304 137.519 138.226

Personal consumption less distributive services(5)

04/10

FD

49507

137.774 136.910 136.947 137.231 137.985

Personal consumption less foods and energy

04/14

FD

49510

129.066 129.100 129.057 129.321 129.964

Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services(3)

04/14

FD

49511

126.098 126.244 126.379 126.642 127.618

Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services(5)

04/14

FD

49512

125.980 126.122 126.271 126.616 127.663

Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services(5)

08/13

FD

49509

134.747 133.101 132.723 132.730 132.290

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Processed goods

Processed goods for intermediate demand

00/82

ID6

1

259.969 257.408 256.001 254.757 254.171

Materials and components for manufacturing

00/82

ID6

11

232.278 231.948 231.079 231.422 232.007

Materials for manufacturing

 

ID6

111

143.789 143.362 142.432 142.520 142.783

Materials for food manufacturing

00/82

ID6

1111

249.178 250.427 248.914 248.044 244.386

Materials for nondurable manufacturing

00/82

ID6

1112

261.948 262.966 261.230 259.615 257.845

Materials for durable manufacturing

00/82

ID6

1113

278.576 274.665 272.867 275.647 280.786

Components for manufacturing

00/82

ID6

112

188.022 188.226 188.351 188.892 189.577

Components for nondurable manufacturing

 

ID6

1121

145.116 145.138 145.106 145.598 145.892

Components for durable manufacturing

 

ID6

1122

132.750 132.900 132.994 133.372 133.867

Materials and components for construction

00/82

ID6

12

352.280 352.394 352.916 353.561 354.481

Materials for construction

 

ID6

121

168.369 167.689 167.771 167.807 168.309

Components for construction

 

ID6

122

178.379 179.057 179.464 180.020 180.433

Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand

00/82

ID6

13

265.775 254.259 249.603 242.700 238.622

Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

131

262.911 262.944 260.733 255.656 250.032

Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

132

266.995 251.816 246.382 238.894 235.300

Containers for intermediate demand

00/82

ID6

14

306.243 305.747 304.712 304.810 304.296

Supplies for intermediate demand

00/82

ID6

15

251.270 250.963 250.675 250.418 250.027

Supplies to manufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

151

245.547 245.455 245.335 245.598 246.744

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

152

250.165 249.826 249.515 249.179 248.553

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds

00/82

ID6

1521

239.228 234.491 234.789 230.899 225.356

Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds

00/82

ID6

1522

253.599 253.831 253.438 253.564 253.578

Unprocessed goods

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand

00/82

ID6

2

260.916 256.642 251.263 240.187 240.495

Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs

00/82

ID6

21

224.899 220.155 219.195 211.988 207.367

Unprocessed nonfood materials

00/82

ID6

22

275.770 272.026 263.658 250.243 254.135

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel

00/82

ID6

221

352.655 346.013 328.626 310.538 317.394

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

2211

327.113 320.602 303.647 286.018 292.181

Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

2212

354.255 355.722 357.413 359.003 370.419

Unprocessed fuel

00/82

ID6

222

117.228 119.143 128.225 124.285 122.388

Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

2221

213.012 218.249 226.375 224.054 224.124

Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries

00/82

ID6

2222

115.174 116.957 126.351 122.207 120.146

Services

Services for intermediate demand

 

ID6

3

146.741 146.667 147.370 147.927 148.684

Trade services for intermediate demand(3)

 

ID6

33

171.689 174.173 176.522 176.053 176.301

Trade services for manufacturing industries

12/12

ID6

331

155.792 157.997 161.242 160.439 162.231

Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries

12/12

ID6

332

153.799 156.072 157.115 157.055 155.781

Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand

 

ID6

32

155.510 156.199 155.977 157.161 156.997

Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand

 

ID6

321

132.557 134.148 133.451 136.434 135.817

Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries

 

ID6

3211

132.637 134.260 133.547 136.586 135.959

Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries

 

ID6

3212

132.608 134.196 133.500 136.477 135.861

Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand

 

ID6

322

157.979 158.585 158.407 159.425 159.303

Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries

12/12

ID6

3221

130.682 130.960 131.108 130.203 130.036

Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries

12/12

ID6

3222

141.295 141.902 141.657 143.075 142.986

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand

 

ID6

31

138.378 137.620 138.135 138.791 139.817

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries

 

ID6

311

129.111 129.512 129.591 130.163 132.293

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries

 

ID6

312

138.676 137.878 138.408 139.066 140.054

Construction

Construction for intermediate demand

 

ID6

4

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type Special Groupings

Processed materials less foods and feeds

00/82

ID6

9111

261.486 258.706 257.268 256.051 255.785

Processed foods and feeds

00/82

ID6

9112

245.383 244.966 243.854 242.354 238.668

Processed energy goods

00/82

ID6

9113

267.008 255.444 250.768 243.834 239.736

Processed materials less energy

00/82

ID6

9118

255.100 254.810 254.233 254.419 254.714

Processed materials less foods and energy

00/82

ID6

9115

255.860 255.588 255.081 255.486 256.298

Intermediate distributive services(6)

04/10

ID6

9116

163.289 164.923 166.142 166.325 166.409

Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services

04/10

ID6

9117

147.244 146.670 146.440 145.996 145.786

Unprocessed materials less agricultural products

00/82

ID6

9211

282.364 278.925 270.184 255.435 261.018

Unprocessed energy materials(7)

00/82

ID6

9212

219.870 215.161 203.624 186.164 193.238

Unprocessed materials less energy

00/82

ID6

9213

277.002 273.375 273.454 268.559 263.172

Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy(8)

00/82

ID6

9216

432.037 431.982 435.305 437.803 430.179

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 Intermediate Demand

Stage 4 intermediate demand

 

ID5

4

149.267 148.766 149.081 149.347 149.888

Inputs to stage 4 goods producers

 

ID5

41

145.598 145.646 146.085 145.863 146.119

Goods

 

ID5

411

139.034 138.705 138.510 138.367 138.448

Foods

 

ID5

4111

146.076 143.972 144.645 143.907 141.187

Energy

 

ID5

4112

155.243 161.768 150.872 142.533 139.826

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

4113

137.914 137.794 137.564 137.588 138.124

Services

 

ID5

412

167.447 168.751 171.300 170.814 171.655

Trade services

 

ID5

4123

178.869 180.554 184.051 183.230 184.302

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

4122

135.333 136.358 136.631 136.432 136.479

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

41221

132.657 134.281 133.568 136.609 135.982

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

41222

144.819 145.795 146.279 145.431 145.613

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

4121

131.063 131.262 131.615 132.031 132.392

Inputs to stage 4 services producers

 

ID5

42

147.089 146.381 146.678 147.204 148.016

Goods

 

ID5

421

147.364 146.795 146.775 146.726 145.576

Foods

 

ID5

4211

148.826 149.302 147.705 146.651 145.039

Energy

 

ID5

4212

145.124 142.973 143.500 143.335 140.043

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

4213

147.352 147.389 147.536 147.867 148.122

Services

 

ID5

422

146.777 146.024 146.426 147.144 148.609

Trade services

 

ID5

4223

161.381 163.299 164.838 163.280 164.749

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

4222

151.086 151.609 151.251 152.334 152.243

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

42221

132.166 133.774 133.068 136.081 135.459

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

42222

154.929 155.270 154.970 155.730 155.729

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

4221

143.716 142.551 142.907 143.824 145.441

Construction

 

ID5

423

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Inputs to stage 4 construction producers

 

ID5

43

164.011 163.152 163.264 163.526 163.560

Goods

 

ID5

431

169.113 167.369 167.119 167.486 167.762

Energy

 

ID5

4312

175.066 155.575 150.065 148.584 144.776

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

4313

172.389 172.390 172.663 173.225 173.918

Services

 

ID5

432

150.953 152.295 153.307 153.306 152.741

Trade services

 

ID5

4323

168.520 171.004 173.624 174.165 173.701

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

4322

147.213 147.697 147.622 145.967 145.456

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

43221

138.287 139.977 139.235 142.399 141.746

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

43222

148.210 148.668 148.608 146.828 146.318

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

4321

131.984 132.648 132.691 132.865 132.216

Stage 3 Intermediate Demand

Stage 3 intermediate demand

 

ID5

3

147.174 146.272 145.991 145.397 145.421

Inputs to stage 3 goods producers

 

ID5

31

154.748 153.915 153.541 152.523 152.702

Goods

 

ID5

311

150.509 149.013 147.940 146.811 146.676

Foods

 

ID5

3111

166.324 162.686 160.141 155.699 152.178

Energy

 

ID5

3112

145.294 146.934 142.053 137.391 137.527

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

3113

148.277 147.456 147.216 147.704 149.025

Services

 

ID5

312

160.685 162.466 164.824 164.306 165.684

Trade services

 

ID5

3123

165.518 168.394 172.851 172.475 175.249

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

3122

149.706 150.119 150.057 148.895 148.557

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

31221

141.244 142.972 142.213 145.449 144.782

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

31222

149.962 150.292 150.270 148.861 148.542

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

3121

135.009 135.643 135.626 135.938 135.959

Inputs to stage 3 services producers

 

ID5

32

140.400 139.439 139.211 138.914 138.836

Goods

 

ID5

321

136.779 131.033 128.013 122.491 121.376

Foods

 

ID5

3211

156.199 156.234 157.238 156.174 155.307

Energy

 

ID5

3212

143.698 134.255 129.280 120.238 118.142

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

3213

135.775 135.765 135.757 135.708 136.172

Services

 

ID5

322

141.192 141.480 141.984 143.060 143.247

Trade services

 

ID5

3223

197.253 200.011 200.092 201.056 197.753

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

3222

162.449 163.380 163.006 165.650 165.447

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

32221

104.229 104.295 104.350 104.579 104.450

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

32222

162.951 163.887 163.510 166.167 165.964

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

3221

132.486 132.451 133.223 133.880 134.382

Construction

 

ID5

323

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Inputs to stage 3 construction producers

 

ID5

33

141.706 141.580 142.093 142.235 141.817

Goods

 

ID5

331

134.575 133.486 133.481 133.744 134.181

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

3313

171.481 170.093 170.086 170.422 170.979

Services

 

ID5

332

168.993 169.984 171.178 171.195 169.712

Trade services

 

ID5

3323

174.036 175.081 176.421 176.399 174.644

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

3322

115.270 115.812 116.528 116.410 116.822

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

33222

121.672 122.244 122.999 122.876 123.310

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

3321

126.013 126.492 125.978 126.582 127.686

Stage 2 Intermediate Demand

Stage 2 intermediate demand

 

ID5

2

137.233 136.804 135.553 133.674 134.321

Inputs to stage 2 goods producers

 

ID5

21

127.370 126.388 124.189 120.339 121.097

Goods

 

ID5

211

124.385 122.804 119.543 114.466 115.340

Foods

 

ID5

2111

160.075 158.128 159.016 155.434 148.338

Energy

 

ID5

2112

97.735 95.339 90.167 82.677 85.837

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

2113

142.186 142.375 141.983 141.592 140.250

Services

 

ID5

212

149.792 150.671 151.719 151.458 151.911

Trade services

 

ID5

2123

167.239 168.995 171.661 170.105 170.072

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

2122

168.132 168.682 169.063 169.646 170.223

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

21221

133.181 134.736 134.058 136.977 136.370

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

21222

170.148 170.645 171.079 171.548 172.184

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

2121

136.636 136.962 136.961 137.332 138.305

Construction

 

ID5

213

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Inputs to stage 2 services producers

 

ID5

22

144.681 144.949 144.915 145.539 146.027

Goods

 

ID5

221

145.180 144.739 144.247 143.782 143.187

Foods

 

ID5

2211

112.921 112.145 114.103 113.555 112.277

Energy

 

ID5

2212

168.480 155.648 151.698 147.269 146.808

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

2213

144.388 144.766 144.469 144.264 143.669

Services

 

ID5

222

144.174 144.532 144.551 145.320 145.939

Trade services

 

ID5

2223

182.648 192.265 189.822 192.533 186.162

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

2222

141.968 143.182 142.918 149.290 148.505

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

22221

133.094 134.711 134.001 137.031 136.405

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

22222

144.160 145.288 145.106 152.128 151.311

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

2221

143.401 143.269 143.424 143.695 144.746

Construction

 

ID5

223

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Stage 1 Intermediate Demand

Stage 1 intermediate demand

 

ID5

1

146.400 145.766 145.678 145.358 145.674

Inputs to stage 1 goods producers

 

ID5

11

143.807 144.098 143.626 142.958 143.135

Goods

 

ID5

111

142.266 141.987 140.488 139.807 139.201

Foods

 

ID5

1111

146.247 143.852 142.452 140.624 135.359

Energy

 

ID5

1112

132.285 131.768 127.824 123.551 122.778

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

1113

147.644 147.775 146.810 147.172 147.383

Services

 

ID5

112

151.898 153.840 156.316 155.667 158.107

Trade services

 

ID5

1123

163.958 167.968 172.024 170.500 174.860

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

1122

158.594 157.841 158.897 159.392 158.525

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

11221

132.632 134.256 133.542 136.583 135.956

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

11222

163.226 161.891 163.375 163.232 162.315

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

1121

110.911 110.412 110.765 111.120 111.302

Construction

 

ID5

113

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Inputs to stage 1 services producers

 

ID5

12

146.663 145.438 145.547 145.495 145.985

Goods

 

ID5

121

149.574 147.100 146.196 144.675 144.052

Foods

 

ID5

1211

130.764 127.236 127.941 127.965 127.771

Energy

 

ID5

1212

167.013 158.485 155.536 149.988 147.114

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

1213

149.676 149.931 149.933 150.218 150.622

Services

 

ID5

122

144.762 144.069 144.603 145.169 146.125

Trade services

 

ID5

1223

174.320 176.947 177.784 178.951 176.806

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

1222

143.165 143.978 143.561 144.489 144.258

Transportation of passengers

 

ID5

12221

132.553 134.176 133.463 136.502 135.875

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

12222

164.061 164.535 164.229 164.144 164.098

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

1221

140.399 139.173 139.806 140.255 141.674

Construction

 

ID5

123

145.826 145.907 145.964 146.010 146.550

Inputs to stage 1 construction producers

 

ID5

13

164.039 163.525 163.593 162.969 162.884

Goods

 

ID5

131

165.916 164.782 164.431 163.666 164.141

Energy

 

ID5

1312

155.614 143.277 137.291 126.183 124.423

Goods excluding foods and energy

 

ID5

1313

169.865 170.064 170.388 170.860 171.612

Services

 

ID5

132

160.481 161.485 162.581 162.297 160.838

Trade services

 

ID5

1323

170.084 171.472 173.067 173.314 171.501

Transportation and warehousing services

 

ID5

1322

122.194 122.257 122.079 120.388 119.667

Transportation and warehousing of goods

 

ID5

13222

126.394 126.459 126.275 124.526 123.780

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing

 

ID5

1321

139.101 138.855 138.966 139.535 141.004

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow Special Groupings

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9411

144.517 143.841 143.691 143.681 143.436

Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9412

149.878 149.552 150.284 150.789 152.022

Total construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9413

144.618 144.698 144.755 144.801 145.336

Total foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9414

144.030 143.056 142.761 141.906 139.712

Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9415

137.853 133.620 132.866 132.267 129.190

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9416

146.644 146.586 146.554 146.767 147.278

Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9311

139.644 137.192 135.711 133.585 133.226

Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9312

143.585 144.120 144.929 145.728 146.091

Total construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9313

144.618 144.698 144.755 144.801 145.336

Total foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9314

147.960 144.750 142.512 138.585 135.471

Total energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9315

141.183 133.566 128.701 120.482 118.757

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9316

140.505 139.832 139.641 140.024 141.146

Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9211

120.445 119.054 116.226 111.852 112.538

Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9212

145.981 146.464 146.726 147.254 147.836

Total construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9213

144.618 144.698 144.755 144.801 145.336

Total foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9214

160.388 158.447 159.358 155.802 148.755

Total energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9215

96.482 94.020 88.970 81.670 84.724

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9216

134.558 134.778 134.429 134.101 133.000

Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9111

132.124 131.095 130.112 129.244 128.862

Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9112

146.258 146.131 147.031 147.331 148.380

Total construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9117

144.618 144.698 144.755 144.801 145.336

Total foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9114

137.176 134.897 133.630 131.953 127.120

Total energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9115

146.570 141.180 137.684 132.362 130.511

Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand

04/10

ID5

9116

126.712 126.864 126.530 126.830 127.147

Footnotes
(1) All indexes are subject to revision for 4 months after their originally scheduled publication to incorporate late reports and corrections by survey respondents. In addition, seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change for up to 5 years due to the recalculation of seasonal factors published each January.
(2) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.
(3) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
(4) The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption.
(5) Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
(6) Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services.
(7) Includes crude petroleum.
(8) Excludes crude petroleum.
(p) Preliminary

"-" Data not available.


Last Modified Date: February 16, 2024