Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                          USDL 21-0278
8:30 a.m. (ET), Wednesday, February 17, 2021

Technical information:      (202) 691-7705  *  ppi-info@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact:              (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov   


                            PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2021


The Producer Price Index for final demand increased 1.3 percent in January, seasonally adjusted, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This advance is the largest since the index 
began in December 2009. Final demand prices rose 0.3 percent in December and 0.1 percent in 
November. (See table A.) On an unadjusted basis, the index for final demand moved up 1.7 
percent for the 12 months ended January 2021, the largest increase since climbing 2.0 percent for 
the 12 months ended January 2020.

Two-thirds of the January advance in prices for final demand can be traced to a 1.3-percent rise 
in the index for final demand services. Prices for final demand goods increased 1.4 percent.

Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services moved up 1.2 percent in January, 
the largest advance since the index began in September 2013. For the 12 months ended in 
January, prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services rose 2.0 percent, the 
largest increase since a 2.1-percent advance for the 12 months ended June 2019.

Final Demand

Final demand services: Prices for final demand services rose 1.3 percent in January, the largest 
advance since the index began in December 2009. Over 70 percent of the broad-based January 
increase is attributable to a 1.4-percent jump in prices for final demand services less trade, 
transportation, and warehousing. The indexes for final demand trade services and for final demand 
transportation and warehousing services also moved higher, 1.0 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively. 
(Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.)

Product Detail: One-fourth of the January advance in the index for final demand services can be 
traced to a 9.4-percent rise in prices for portfolio management. The indexes for outpatient care 
(partial); guestroom rental; machinery and vehicle wholesaling; apparel, jewelry, footwear, and 
accessories retailing; and truck transportation of freight also moved higher. Conversely, margins for 
automobile retailing (partial) fell 7.7 percent. The indexes for food retailing and for property and 
casualty insurance also declined. (See table 4.)

Final demand goods: Prices for final demand goods moved up 1.4 percent in January, the largest 
increase since the index jumped 1.4 percent in May 2020. Nearly 60 percent of the broad-based 
January advance is attributable to a 5.1-percent rise in prices for final demand energy. The indexes 
for final demand goods less foods and energy and for final demand foods also climbed, 0.8 percent 
and 0.2 percent, respectively. 

Product Detail: Forty percent of the January increase in prices for final demand goods can be traced 
to a 13.6-percent jump in the index for gasoline. Prices for iron and steel scrap, oilseeds, industrial 
chemicals, diesel fuel, and light motor trucks also rose. In contrast, the index for beef and veal 
declined 8.4 percent. Prices for fresh and dry vegetables and for search, detection, navigation, and 
guidance systems and equipment also fell.

Table A. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted

Month	Total final demand	Final demand less foods, energy, and trade	Final demand goods				Final demand services				Change in final demand from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Change in final demand less foods, energy, and trade from 12 mo. ago (unadj.)
			Total	Foods	Energy	Less foods and energy	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other
2020
Jan.	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	-1.1	0.6	2.0	1.5
Feb.	-0.5	-0.2	-0.7	-1.7	-2.6	0.1	-0.5	-0.8	-0.4	-0.3	1.1	1.4
Mar.	-0.5	-0.2	-1.7	-0.1	-10.2	0.0	0.2	1.0	-3.2	0.1	0.3	1.0
Apr.	-1.1	-0.8	-2.8	-0.3	-17.3	-0.3	-0.4	1.1	-3.4	-0.8	-1.5	-0.1
May	0.4	0.1	1.4	5.7	3.7	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	1.4	0.1	-1.1	-0.2
June	0.3	0.3	0.4	-4.9	9.6	0.1	0.2	-0.1	1.3	0.3	-0.7	0.1
July	0.5	0.4	0.5	-0.9	4.1	0.3	0.5	0.9	-0.6	0.4	-0.3	0.3
Aug.	0.2	0.2	0.4	-0.3	1.0	0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.8	0.3	-0.3	0.4
Sept.	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.7	-0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.8
Oct.	0.5	0.1	0.6	1.9	0.8	0.2	0.5	1.3	0.6	0.0	0.5	0.8
Nov.	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.6	1.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.6	-0.7	0.2	0.8	0.9
Dec.	0.3	0.4	1.0	-0.2	4.9	0.5	-0.1	-0.8	0.3	0.2	0.8	1.1
2021
Jan.	1.3	1.2	1.4	0.2	5.1	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.7	2.0
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2020. In addition, indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Within intermediate demand in January, prices for processed goods advanced 1.7 percent, the index 
for unprocessed goods rose 3.8 percent, and prices for services increased 1.3 percent. (See tables B 
and C.)

Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate 
demand rose 1.7 percent in January, the largest advance since jumping 1.7 percent in January 2010. 
Over three-quarters of the broad-based January 2021 increase is attributable to prices for processed 
materials less foods and energy, which climbed 1.8 percent. The indexes for processed energy goods 
and for processed foods and feeds moved up 2.0 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. For the 12 
months ended in January, prices for processed goods for intermediate demand rose 3.1 percent, the 
largest advance since increasing 4.5 percent for the 12 months ended November 2018.

Product detail: In January, nearly a quarter of the rise in the index for processed goods for 
intermediate demand can be traced to a 7.0-percent advance in prices for industrial chemicals. The 
indexes for diesel fuel, gasoline, steel mill products, softwood lumber, and prepared animal feeds 
also moved higher. Conversely, prices for natural gas to electric utilities dropped 21.1 percent. The 
indexes for beef and veal and for primary nonferrous metals also fell. (See table 5.)

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: The index for unprocessed goods for intermediate 
demand advanced 3.8 percent in January, the ninth consecutive increase. About two-thirds of the 
January rise can be traced to prices for unprocessed nonfood materials less energy, which jumped 8.9 
percent. The index for unprocessed energy materials climbed 5.3 percent. In contrast, prices for 
unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs declined 1.2 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, the 
index for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand increased 6.6 percent, the largest advance 
since rising 7.6 percent for the 12 months ended October 2018.

Product detail: Over half of the January increase in prices for unprocessed goods for intermediate 
demand is attributable to the index for iron and steel scrap, which jumped 20.6 percent. Prices for 
crude petroleum, grains, oilseeds, nonferrous metals, and fresh fruits and melons also moved higher. 
Conversely, the index for raw milk dropped 20.4 percent. Prices for natural gas and recyclable 
plastics also declined.

Table B. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for goods by commodity type, seasonally adjusted

Month	Processed goods for intermediate demand					Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
	Total	Foods and feeds	Energy goods	Less foods and energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Total	Foodstuffs and feedstuffs	Energy materials	Nonfood materials less energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2020
Jan.	-0.2	-0.3	-0.8	0.1	-1.0	-1.3	-0.4	-5.9	4.9	-3.7
Feb.	-0.7	-0.6	-3.1	-0.1	-2.0	-6.5	-4.1	-12.2	-1.3	-7.8
Mar.	-1.6	-0.6	-7.7	-0.2	-4.0	-8.1	-3.5	-20.0	1.2	-15.6
Apr.	-3.5	0.1	-14.3	-1.5	-7.6	-13.7	-11.7	-25.2	-3.6	-28.6
May	0.0	6.4	-1.2	-0.6	-7.2	8.4	7.4	19.2	0.5	-20.1
June	1.2	-5.0	9.4	0.5	-5.0	5.4	1.5	15.4	0.9	-13.8
July	1.4	-0.5	6.1	0.6	-3.7	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.5	-13.9
Aug.	0.9	-0.7	2.6	0.8	-2.3	4.0	1.8	7.9	3.3	-9.1
Sept.	0.6	0.6	-0.3	0.8	-1.6	5.2	5.8	5.2	4.3	-4.1
Oct.	0.3	1.3	0.2	0.2	-1.5	0.3	0.6	-1.2	1.4	-3.4
Nov.	1.3	2.4	6.0	0.1	-0.3	7.4	4.0	16.5	2.4	0.6
Dec.	1.4	0.2	2.7	1.2	1.3	2.2	0.5	2.5	4.5	1.5
2021
Jan.	1.7	0.1	2.0	1.8	3.1	3.8	-1.2	5.3	8.9	6.6
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2020. In addition, indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Services for intermediate demand: Prices for services for intermediate demand increased 1.3 
percent in January, the largest advance since the index began in December 2009. Over three- quarters 
of the broad-based January rise can be attributed to prices for services less trade, transportation, and 
warehousing for intermediate demand, which moved up 1.5 percent. Margins for trade services for 
intermediate demand increased 1.1 percent, and the index for transportation and warehousing 
services for intermediate demand advanced 0.4 percent. For the 12 months ended in January, prices 
for services for intermediate demand moved up 2.8 percent, the largest rise since climbing 2.8 
percent for the 12 months ended May 2019.

Product detail: About 40 percent of the January rise in the index for services for intermediate 
demand can be traced to prices for administrative and general management consulting services, 
which jumped 22.9 percent. The indexes for portfolio management; metals, minerals, and ores 
wholesaling; guestroom rental; business loans (partial); and truck transportation of freight also 
moved higher. In contrast, prices for gross rents for office buildings fell 2.8 percent. The indexes for 
arrangement of freight and cargo transportation and for chemicals and allied products wholesaling 
also decreased. 

Table C. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for services by commodity type, seasonally adjusted

Month	Services for intermediate demand
	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2020
Jan.	0.1	0.2	-0.3	0.2	1.7
Feb.	-0.2	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	1.3
Mar.	0.1	0.5	-1.2	0.2	1.1
Apr.	-1.6	0.0	-1.5	-2.1	-1.2
May	-0.3	0.1	0.8	-0.8	-1.5
June	0.3	1.3	-0.2	0.3	-1.3
July	0.5	0.0	-0.5	0.8	-0.9
Aug.	0.8	2.0	-0.1	0.8	-0.4
Sept.	1.1	1.6	0.9	0.8	0.6
Oct.	0.6	0.7	1.3	0.4	1.6
Nov.	-0.1	0.3	-0.5	-0.1	1.6
Dec.	0.4	0.7	0.0	0.4	1.6
2021
Jan.	1.3	1.1	0.4	1.5	2.8
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2020. In addition, indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 4 intermediate demand advanced 1.4 percent in 
January, the ninth consecutive increase. In January, the index for total services inputs to stage 4 
intermediate demand rose 1.4 percent, and prices for total goods inputs moved up 1.2 percent. (See 
table D.) Advances in the indexes for portfolio management; administrative and general management 
consulting services; metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling; grains; iron and steel; and gasoline 
outweighed decreases in the indexes for gross rents for office buildings, natural gas to electric 
utilities, and chemicals and allied products wholesaling. (See table 6.) For the 12 months ended in 
January, prices for stage 4 intermediate demand climbed 3.4 percent, the largest increase since rising 
3.8 percent for the 12 months ended October 2018.

Stage 3 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 3 intermediate demand rose 1.2 percent in January, 
after advancing 1.6 percent in December. In January, the index for total services inputs to stage 3 
intermediate demand climbed 1.7 percent, and prices for total goods inputs moved up 0.7 percent. 
Increases in the indexes for administrative and general management consulting services; grains; 
diesel fuel; metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling; steel mill products; and industrial chemicals 
outweighed decreases in prices for raw milk, slaughter chickens, and arrangement of freight and 
cargo transportation. For the 12 months ended in January, the index for stage 3 intermediate demand 
rose 1.1 percent, the largest advance since rising 2.4 percent for the 12 months ended April 2019.

Stage 2 intermediate demand: The index for stage 2 intermediate demand increased 2.7 percent in 
January, the ninth consecutive advance. In January, prices for total goods inputs to stage 2 
intermediate demand rose 4.8 percent, and the index for total services inputs moved up 1.1 percent. 
Increasing prices for crude petroleum, industrial chemicals, administrative and general management 
consulting services, iron and steel scrap, oilseeds, and liquefied petroleum gas outweighed decreases 
in the indexes for arrangement of freight and cargo transportation, television advertising time sales, 
and natural gas. For the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage 2 intermediate demand moved 
up 4.4 percent. 

Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand moved up 1.7 percent in 
January, after rising 2.4 percent in December. In January, the index for total goods inputs to stage 1 
intermediate demand increased 2.3 percent, and prices for total services inputs climbed 1.4 percent. 
Advances in the indexes for iron and steel; industrial chemicals; grains; diesel fuel; metals, minerals, 
and ores wholesaling; and guestroom rental outweighed decreases in the indexes for natural gas to 
electric utilities, gross rents for office buildings, and chemicals and allied products wholesaling. For 
the 12 months ended in January, prices for stage 1 intermediate demand moved up 3.8 percent, the 
largest increase since rising 4.8 percent for the 12 months ended November 2018.  

Table D. Monthly percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes by production flow, seasonally adjusted

Month	Stage 4 intermediate demand			Stage 3 intermediate demand			Stage 2 intermediate demand			Stage 1 intermediate demand
	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs
2020
Jan.	0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	-0.3	0.1	-0.7	-1.7	0.0	0.2	0.4	-0.2
Feb.	-0.4	-0.4	-0.5	-1.1	-2.1	-0.2	-2.0	-4.6	-0.2	-1.2	-1.9	-0.3
Mar.	-0.3	-0.6	0.0	-1.8	-3.9	0.2	-2.8	-7.2	0.2	-1.4	-2.7	-0.1
Apr.	-1.6	-1.7	-1.6	-5.2	-9.7	-1.1	-4.4	-8.9	-1.7	-4.3	-6.6	-1.7
May	0.1	0.5	-0.2	0.8	2.0	-0.3	1.5	3.7	0.3	-0.8	-0.9	-0.7
June	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.7	3.7	0.1	1.8	4.7	0.2	1.8	3.1	0.5
July	0.8	0.8	0.7	1.1	2.1	0.2	0.8	1.1	0.7	1.5	2.8	-0.1
Aug.	0.8	0.4	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.5	3.2	0.5	1.3	1.8	0.7
Sept.	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.8	3.1	0.8	1.3	1.3	1.2
Oct.	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	1.0	0.3
Nov.	0.3	0.4	0.2	1.0	1.7	0.2	2.0	5.7	-0.4	0.9	1.9	-0.2
Dec.	0.7	0.8	0.6	1.6	3.1	0.3	1.2	2.5	0.4	2.4	4.0	0.4
2021
Jan.	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.2	0.7	1.7	2.7	4.8	1.1	1.7	2.3	1.4
NOTE: Some of the percent changes shown here and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect developments during 2020. In addition, indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.

________________
The Producer Price Index for February 2021 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 
12, 2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

                                           *****

         PPI Updates Commodity Weight Allocations for the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand 
                                    Aggregation Structure

Effective with this release, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has updated the weight allocations used 
to calculate the Producer Price Index (PPI) Final Demand-Intermediate Demand (FD-ID) indexes 
to more accurately reflect recent sales patterns. While PPI commodity index weights continue to 
be based on shipment values from the 2012 economic census, the proportions of these weights 
allocated to the various FD-ID categories have changed. The new allocations are based primarily 
on data from the 2012 Input-Output Accounts produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

It is important to note that the allocation update did not change the PPI commodity classification 
system, reference base, the FD-ID aggregation structure, or historical index data. It has, however, 
resulted in substantial shifts in the relative importance figures of certain commodity components 
that make up the FD-ID indexes.

Relative importance figure tables for December 2020, which reflect the shift from 2007 to 2012 
input-output relationships, are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/ppi. A detailed 
analysis of the PPI weight allocation update also is being posted to the PPI homepage. This 
information also may be requested from the PPI Section of Index Analysis and Public 
Information through e-mail to ppi-info@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-7705. For more 
information about this update, contact Jonathan Weinhagen at weinhagen.jonathan@bls.gov or 
(202) 691-7709.


                                           *****

                         Recalculation of Seasonal Adjustment Factors

Effective with this release, seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect price-
movement patterns during 2020 for the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand (FD-ID) system and 
commodity-grouping indexes. This routine annual recalculation may affect previously published 
seasonally adjusted indexes and percent changes for January 2016 through December 2020. 

Revised seasonally adjusted data for this period, as well as seasonal adjustment factors for 
directly adjusted commodity indexes to be used through December 2021, were released February 
12, 2021. To obtain this information, contact the Producer Price Index Section of Index Analysis 
and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705, or visit the Producer Price Index 
homepage at www.bls.gov/ppi.

Tables E and F below provide monthly seasonally adjusted percent changes for major FD-ID 
system indexes in 2020, based on former and recalculated seasonal factors. These percent 
changes include final price data through August 2020 and may differ from values shown in 
tables A through D of this release, which include final price data through September 2020.


Table E.  Over-the-month percent changes in major final demand indexes, seasonally adjusted, 
using former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2020

               Final           Final demand       Final demand    Final demand less foods,
               demand             goods             services     energy, and trade services
Month      Former  Recalc.    Former  Recalc.    Former  Recalc.      Former   Recalc.
January      0.3     0.3        0.3     0.3        0.3     0.4          0.3      0.4
February     -.5     -.5        -.9     -.7        -.3     -.5           -.1     -.2
March        -.4     -.5       -1.5    -1.7         .1      .2           -.2     -.2
April       -1.3    -1.1       -3.0    -2.8        -.4     -.4           -.8     -.8
May           .5      .4        1.5     1.4         .1      .1            .2      .1
June          .3      .3         .4      .4         .2      .2            .2      .3
July          .6      .5         .7      .5         .5      .5            .4      .4
August        .2      .2         .3      .4         .1      .2            .2      .2
September     .4      .4         .4      .4         .5      .4            .4      .4
October       .3      .3         .5      .5         .2      .2            .2      .1
November      .1      .1         .4      .3         .0     -.2            .1      .2
December      .3      .3        1.1     1.0        -.1     -.1            .4      .4


Table F.  Over-the-month percent changes in major intermediate demand indexes, seasonally adjusted, 
using former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2020

            Processed goods for       Unprocessed goods for          Services for
            intermediate demand        intermediate demand        intermediate demand
Month      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated      Former   Recalculated
January     -0.2       -0.2            -1.1       -1.3             0.2        0.1          
February     -.9        -.7            -6.7       -6.5             -.2        -.2          
March       -1.5       -1.6            -8.5       -8.1              .1         .1          
April       -3.6       -3.5           -14.1      -13.7            -1.7       -1.6          
May           .0         .0             8.6        8.4             -.3        -.3          
June         1.3        1.2             5.1        5.4              .3         .3          
July         1.4        1.4             1.0         .6              .4         .5          
August        .9         .9             3.9        4.0              .9         .8          
September     .7         .7             4.0        3.8              .8         .8          
October       .3         .3             2.6        1.6              .8         .8          
November     1.4        1.3             7.3        7.4             -.1        -.1          
December     1.5        1.4             2.2        2.2              .4         .4          

                                          Technical Note


Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes

   The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of 
indexes that measures the average change over time in prices received (price changes) by 
producers for domestically produced goods, services, and construction.  PPIs measure 
price change from the perspective of the seller.  This contrasts with other measures, 
such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  CPIs measure price change from the purchaser's 
perspective.  

   More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each 
month. PPIs are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and 
manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been introduced for products of 
industries in the services and construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January 
2018, the PPI covered 71 percent of services as measured by 2012 Census revenue, and 
31 percent of construction.

   More than 100,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs: 
(1) Final demand-Intermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and (3) 
indexes for the net output of industries and their products.  The FD-ID structure 
organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of 
production.  The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or 
product type.  The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes 
for the net output of industries and their products. 


Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Indexes

   The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for goods, services, and construction 
sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-
of-processing (SOP) system as PPI's primary aggregation model with the release of data 
for January 2014. The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP system through 
the addition of services, construction, exports, and government purchases.  

   Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the PPI for final demand goods 
includes nearly a 50 percent expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the 
addition of government purchases and exports. For overall final demand, expansion to 
include final demand services represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December 
2017, final demand goods were about 33 percent of overall final demand, final demand 
services were roughly 65.5 percent, and final demand construction was about 1.5 percent 
of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of services for intermediate demand 
resulted in about a 45 percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand portion of 
the economy. 

   FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based producer output price indexes.  
Commodities are allocated to aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer.  The 
main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the "Use of commodities by 
industries, before redefinition," table from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the 
U.S. In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different types of buyers.  As a 
result, commodities are often included in several FD-ID indexes.  For example, regular 
gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use. 
The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104), 
reflecting sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all aggregations 
regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to 
government, or to businesses.  Proportions based on BEA "Use of Commodities" data are 
used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight of gasoline to each use 
category.  In cases when buyer type is an important price determining characteristic, 
indexes are created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the PPI category 
for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were 
constructed. For more information relating to the FD-ID structure, see "A new, 
experimental system of indexes from the PPI program" in the February 2011 Monthly Labor 
Review.   

Final Demand:  The final demand portion of the FD-ID structure measures price change for 
commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export.  
The system is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods; final demand trade 
services; final demand transportation and warehousing services; final demand services 
less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final demand construction; and overall final 
demand. 

   The final demand goods index measures price change for both unprocessed and processed 
goods sold to final demand.  Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for 
capital investment are examples of transactions included in the final demand goods price 
index. The final demand trade services index measures price change for the retailing and 
wholesaling of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without transformation. (Trade 
indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final 
demand transportation and warehousing services index tracks price change for 
transportation of passengers, as well as, transportation of cargo sold to final demand, 
and also includes prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final demand.  The 
final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price 
change for all services other than trade and transportation sold to final demand.  
Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of these services.  The final 
demand construction index tracks price change for new construction, as well as 
maintenance and repair construction sold to final demand.  Construction of office 
buildings is an example of a commodity that would be included in the final demand 
construction index.  Lastly, the overall final demand index tracks price change for all 
types of commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final demand component 
indexes described above.

Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of the FD-ID system tracks price 
change for goods, services, and construction products sold to businesses as inputs to 
production, excluding capital investment. The system includes two parallel treatments of 
intermediate demand. The first treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by 
type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities into production stages, with 
the explicit goal of developing a forward-flow model of production and price change. 

   The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system organizes commodities 
by similarity of product.  The system is composed of six main price indexes: unprocessed 
goods for intermediate demand; processed goods for intermediate demand; intermediate 
demand trade services; intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services; 
intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; and 
intermediate demand construction.   

   The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price index measures price change for 
goods sold to businesses as inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication. 
Crude petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed good sold to 
intermediate demand.  The processed goods for intermediate demand index tracks price 
change for fabricated goods sold as business inputs.  Examples include car parts sold to 
car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies.  The index for trade services 
for intermediate demand measures price change for the services of retailing and 
wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production. The intermediate 
demand transportation and warehousing services index measures price change for business 
travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of cargo sold to intermediate demand.  
The intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index 
measures price change for services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing sold 
as inputs to production.  Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are 
examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade, transportation, and 
warehousing.  Finally, the construction for intermediate demand index measures price 
change for construction purchased by firms as inputs to production.  The index for 
construction for intermediate demand tracks price change for maintenance and repair 
construction purchased by firms.  

   The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is a stage-based system of price 
indexes. These indexes can be used to study price transmission across stages of 
production and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that maximizes 
forward flow of production between stages, while minimizing back-flow of production. The 
production flow treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand stage 1, 
intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand stage 3, and intermediate demand stage 
4.   

   Indexes for the four stages were developed by first assigning each industry in the 
economy to one of four stages of production, where industries assigned to the fourth 
stage primarily produce output consumed as final demand, industries in the third stage 
primarily produce output consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the 
second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3 industries, and industries 
assigned to the first stage produce output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries.  The 
four indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by industries in each of the 
four stages of production.  The stage 4 intermediate demand index, for example, tracks 
price change for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included in the fourth 
stage of production.  Hence, the index tracks price change in inputs to industries that 
primarily produce final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily produce 
commodities sold to final demand).  

   Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries in stage 4 include the 
manufacture of light trucks and utility vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals.  
Retail trade, food service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of heavily 
weighted service industries included in stage 4.  Stage 4 also includes all new 
construction industries.  Examples of goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor 
vehicle parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction products, biological 
products, and beef and veal.  Engineering services, machinery and equipment wholesaling, 
long distance motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of services consumed 
by stage 4 industries.

   Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries included in stage 3 are motor 
vehicle parts manufacturing, animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and 
semiconductor manufacturing.  Services industries classified in stage 3 include wholesale 
trade; insurance carriers; architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels 
and motels.  Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries include slaughter steers 
and heifers, industrial electric power, and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural 
shapes.  Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include commissions from sales 
of property and casualty insurance, business loans, temporary help services, and 
administrative and general management consulting services.

   Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission, and distribution; natural 
gas distribution; cattle ranching and farming; and plastic materials and resin 
manufacturing are among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2.  Services 
industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include management of companies and 
enterprises; non-depository credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and 
services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly purchased by stage 2 industries 
include crude oil, natural gas, formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals. 
Services that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2 index are legal 
services, business loans, and cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication.

   Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas extraction, paper mills, and 
grain farming.  Real estate, legal services, and advertising services are examples of 
highly weighted services industries included in stage 1.  Examples of goods consumed by 
stage 1 industries are commercial and industrial electric power and gasoline. Services 
commonly consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection, chemicals and 
allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or unit rental.  It should be noted that all 
inputs purchased by stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within stage 1 
or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less useful for price transmission 
analysis. For additional information on industry stage assignments, see 
https://www.bls.gov/ppi/industryflowstage.htm.


Comparing the PPI with CPI

   Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential indicator of the Consumer 
Price Index (CPI), there are many reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope 
of the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all marketable output sold by 
domestic producers for households. The scope of the CPI includes goods and services 
provided by business or government, where explicit user charges are paid by consumers. 
For example, the most heavily weighted item in the CPI, owners' equivalent rent, is 
excluded from the PPI. The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes imports. 
The CPI only includes components of personal consumption directly paid for by the 
consumers, while the PPI includes components of personal consumption that may not be paid 
for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical services paid for by third 
parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes, 
since they do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other taxes paid by 
consumers are part of household expenditure and are included in the CPI. Additional 
technical differences between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see "Comparing 
new final demand producer price indexes with other Government price indexes," Monthly 
Labor Review, January 2014, at https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/.


Commodity Indexes

   The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods, services, and construction by 
similarity of product or end use, disregarding industry of origin. With the release of 
data for July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include indexes for services 
and construction products. Prior to this date, the PPI commodity structure only included 
products from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data 
for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major groupings, 
subgroups, product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items.


Industry Net-Output Price Indexes

   PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the 
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).  Prior to the release of January 
2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial 
Classification (SIC) system.  Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic 
time series organized by industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity.  
Table 11 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry 
groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes), 
products (9-digit codes), more detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some 
industries, indexes for other sources of revenue.

   Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories.  Every industry has 
primary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified 
in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that 
industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products 
make up a plurality of its total shipment value.  In addition, most industries have 
secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments for 
products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries have miscellaneous receipts 
indexes that track price changes for other sources of revenue received by establishments 
within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products; for example, 
resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing 
plant.


Data Collection

   PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes, 
selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to
size. Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by probability proportionate 
to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction 
prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices submitted 
by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day 
of the month. The survey is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection 
Facility (IDCF).

   Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS 
employees are allowed access to individual company price reports.  BLS publishes price 
indexes instead of actual prices.  All PPIs are subject to revision 4 months after 
original publication to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by 
respondents. 

   BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect 
current conditions when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an 
industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms.  
Information on these resampling efforts are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI 
Detailed Report in the months they occur.   

   As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than 
mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of service and construction sector 
industries have been introduced into the PPI.  The following list of industries 
introduced since the mid-1990s includes the month and year in which an article describing 
the industry's content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report.

                                                                      PPI
                                                                      Detailed
                                                                      Report
              Title                                           Code    Issue

                                                              SIC             
Wireless telecommunications...................................4812    July 1999
Telephone communications, except radio telephone..............4813    July 1995
Television broadcasting.......................................4833    July 2002
Grocery stores................................................5411    July 2000
Meat and fish (seafood) markets...............................5421    July 2000
Fruit and vegetable markets...................................5431    July 2000
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores..........................5441    July 2000
Retail bakeries...............................................5461    July 2000
Miscellaneous food stores.....................................5499    July 2000
New car dealers...............................................5511    July 2000
Gasoline service stations.....................................5541    January 2002
Boat dealers..................................................5551    January 2002
Recreational vehicle dealers..................................5561    January 2002
Miscellaneous retail..........................................59      January 2001
Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers.............6211    January 2001
Investment advice.............................................6282    January 2003
Life insurance carriers.......................................6311    January 1999
Property and casualty insurance...............................6331    July 1998
Insurance agencies and brokerages.............................6412    January 2003
Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings.............6512    January 1996
Real estate agents and managers...............................6531    January 1996
Prepackaged software..........................................7372    January 1998
Data processing services......................................7374    January 2002
Home health care services.....................................8082    January 1997
Legal services................................................8111    January 1997
Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services.........8711    January 1997
Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services.......8712    January 1997
Premiums for property and casualty insurance..................9331    July 1998
                                                         
                                                              NAICS            
New industrial building construction..........................236211  January 2008
New warehouse building construction...........................236221  July 2005
New school construction.......................................236222  July 2006
New office construction.......................................236223  January 2007
New health care building construction.........................236224  January 2013
Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work............23811X  July 2008
Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work.............23816X  July 2008
Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work..........23821X  July 2008
Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work.....23822X  July 2008
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods...........................423     July 2005
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods........................424     July 2005
Furniture and home furnishings stores.........................442     January 2004
Electronics and appliance stores..............................443     January 2004
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers...444     January 2004
Clothing and clothing accessories stores......................448     January 2004
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.................451     January 2004
General merchandise stores....................................452     January 2004
Miscellaneous store retailers.................................453     January 2004
Internet service providers....................................518111  July 2005
Internet publishing and web search portals....................519130  January 2010
Commercial banking............................................522110  January 2005
Savings institutions..........................................522120  January 2005
Direct health and medical insurance carriers..................524114  July 2004
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment 
rental and leasing............................................532412  January 2005
Management consulting services................................541610  January 2007
Security guards and patrol services...........................561612  July 2005
Offices of dentists...........................................621210  January 2011
Blood and organ banks.........................................621991  January 2007
Amusement and theme parks.....................................713110  July 2006
Golf courses and country clubs................................713910  July 2006
Fitness and recreational sports centers.......................713940  July 2005
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance...................811310  July 2007


Weights

   Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as, weights for 
commodity-based aggregate indexes calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID 
indexes, currently reflect 2012 values of shipments as reported in the Census of 
Manufactures and other sources. From January 2012 to December 2017, PPI weights were 
derived from 2007 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under the 2017 
NAICS structure utilizing 2012 value of shipment weights and 2007 net output ratios. 
The periodic update of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more 
accurately reflect changes in production and marketing patterns in the economy.

   Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output 
values refer to the value of shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers 
outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes are based on gross shipment 
values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As 
a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is 
composed of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple 
counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to 
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by commodity 
type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes, final demand 
FD-ID indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes consistently 
correct for this at all levels of aggregation.  Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are 
more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price trends.


Price Index Reference Base

   Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including 
most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 = 
100.  From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 = 
100.  Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter 
any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See "Calculating Index 
Changes," below.)  The 1982 reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base 
later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products.  The FD-
ID indexes typically have a reference base of November 2009 = 100.

   For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer 
Price Index, see chapter 14, "Producer Prices," in the BLS Handbook of Methods.  This 
chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm.  


Calculating Index Changes

   Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0.  An 
increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index, 
for example, is shown as 105.5.  This change also can be expressed in dollars, as 
follows:  prices received by domestic producers of a sample of final demand goods have 
risen from $100 in November 2009 to $105.50.  Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would 
indicate that prices received by producers of final demand goods are 10 percent lower 
than they were in November 2009.

   Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent 
changes, rather than as changes in index points.  Index point changes are affected by the 
level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not.  The 
following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes.

   Index point change
      Final Demand Goods Price Index     107.5
      Less previous index                104.0
      Equals index point change            3.5

   Index percent change
      Index point change                   3.5
      Divided by the previous index      104.0
      Equals                             0.034
      Result multiplied by 100           0.034 x 100
      Equals percent change                3.4


Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

   Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes 
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each month.  Seasonally adjusted data are 
preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data eliminate 
the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same 
magnitude, every year-such as price movements resulting from normal weather patterns, 
regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts, and 
holidays.  For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying 
trends.  Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who need information that can 
be related to actual dollar values of transactions.  Individuals requiring this 
information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts, 
contract specialists, and commodity traders.  It is the unadjusted data that are 
generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real 
estate leases.  For more information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties, 
on the Web at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/ppiescalation.htm.  

   Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13 ARIMA, a software package published by 
the U.S. Census Bureau.  Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is 
reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net output indexes are not
seasonally adjusted.  For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new 
seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from the prior 5 years.  
Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years of seasonal data. 

   Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative 
method. Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal 
adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does 
the aggregative method.  However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield 
figures that possess additive consistency.  Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad 
category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally 
adjusted indexes for its components.  Seasonal movements for FD-ID indexes are derived 
indirectly through an aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of 
subproduct class (six-digit) series.

   Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and 
predictable price patterns abruptly change.  If the new pattern persists, the seasonal 
adjustment method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting, however, 
seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome.  This problem occurs 
relatively infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often affected 
manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.

   Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods 
to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors.  With this technique, outlier values that 
may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying the standard 
seasonal factor estimation procedure.  For example, a possible economic cause for large 
price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the Persian Gulf War.  In 
this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally adjusted 
data.  On the whole, very few series have required intervention.  Out of almost 400 
seasonally adjusted series, only 42 were subject to intervention in 2018.

   For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see "Summary of Changes 
to the PPI's Seasonal Adjustment Methodology" in the January 1995 issue of Producer Price 
Indexes, and "PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment: an Update" in the July 2010 Monthly Labor 
Review.


Producer Price Index Data on the Internet

   In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to 
both a World Wide Web (WWW) site and a file transfer protocol (FTP) site.  During the 
years following the introduction of PPI Internet services, use of these sites eclipsed 
more traditional methods of data dissemination, such as subscriptions to the PPI Detailed 
Report. There were more than 4 million instances of PPI data and tables being downloaded 
from the BLS website during the 12 months ended December 31, 2017.


Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site

   PPI data can be obtained from the WWW address (www.bls.gov/ppi). On this page, under 
the tab labeled "Featured PPI databases" links provide the following methods of data 
retrieval:

   Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry Data and Commodity Data that 
allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level 
aggregate and other commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index 
and the FD-ID indexes (for example, Final Demand).  Within each list, any one-or all-of 
the time series shown can be selected.  A user can modify the date range and output 
options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data output table.

   One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query applications 
for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI 
coding structure.  These applications guide a user through the PPI classification by 
listing index titles and do not require knowledge of commodity or industry codes.  Data 
retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists 
provided.  Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user's 
browser capability.  The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a single 
screen to guide a user through the available time series data.  The second option is a 
multiple-screen, non-Java-based application.  Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI 
coding structure and select multiple series.  Users can modify the date range and output 
options after executing the query using the reformat button above the data output table.

   Series Report is a form-based application that allows users to input multiple, 
formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in 
extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options.  This 
application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar with the format 
of PPI time series identifiers.  There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique 
PPI time series identifiers:  WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND.  Each provides the user access to a 
different PPI database.  Adding either a "u" (not seasonally adjusted) or an "s" 
(seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data 
needed. Examples are provided below.

   For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers combine a "wpu" prefix (not 
seasonally adjusted) or a "wps" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.  

Commodity code   Provides data for:
wps141101        Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
wpu141101        Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted
wpufd4           Final demand, not seasonally adjusted
wpsid63          Services for intermediate demand, seasonally adjusted

   For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a "wdu" prefix (not 
seasonally adjusted) or a "wds" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.  

Commodity code   Provides data for:
wds019           Other farm products, seasonally adjusted 
wdu0635          Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted
wdusi138011      Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted

   Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers 
that begin with the prefix "pcu." After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6-digit 
industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying 
product detail.  Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes.

Industry-product code,
current NAICS series        Provides data for:
pcu325---325---             Chemical manufacturing 
pcu336110336110             Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing
pcu621111621111411          Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and 
                            single-specialty group practices, general/family practice

   Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a "pdu" prefix and "#" 
between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code.  Series identifiers for the 
discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC 
industry group code of fewer than four digits.  (All PPI industry-based indexes organized 
by SIC were discontinued with the introduction of NAICS in 2004.)

Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series     Provides data for:
pdu28_ _#                   Chemicals and allied products
pdu331_#                    Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills
pdu3711#111                 Passenger cars

   Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have 
identifiers that begin with the prefix "ndu." After the prefix, there are 12 numeric 
digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric 
characters that identify product detail.  Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-
level group codes.

Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series   Provides data for
ndu212231212231             Lead and zinc ore mining
ndu2122312122312            Lead, zinc concentrates
ndu212231212231214          Lead  concentrates

   Text Files are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time 
series data or other PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor tables and 
relative importance tables. The text files can be accessed at https://download.bls.gov/ or 
directly from links on the "PPI Databases" page or the PPI homepage. Data and 
documentation available for download include the following:

                                       Directory:
Industry Data                          /pub/time.series/pc
Industry Data - Discontinued 
                  (NAICS basis)        /pub/time.series/nd
                  (SIC basis)          /pub/time.series/pd
Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID)           /pub/time.series/wp
Commodity Data - Discontinued          /pub/time.series/wd
Special requests                       /pub/special.requests/ppi


Additional information

   The PPI homepage (https://www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI 
data and methodology.  The top section of the homepage provides PPI news releases, both 
current and archived, as well as general PPI information.  The "PPI Tables" section found 
beneath the statistics section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables.  
The remaining sections offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI 
methodology and applications.

   For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data 
availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and Public 
Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov. 

Table 1. Producer price indexes and percent changes for final demand(1) [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2020(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(3)	Dec. 2020(3)	Jan. 2021(3)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Final demand		100.000	118.7	119.3	121.0	1.7	1.4	0.1	0.3	1.3
Final demand goods		32.216	114.1	115.7	117.5	1.3	1.6	0.3	1.0	1.4
Final demand foods		5.671	119.8	122.3	122.6	1.4	0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.2
Finished consumer foods(4)	00/82	4.405	213.3	215.6	214.2	-0.3	-0.6	0.0	-0.4	-0.6
Finished consumer foods, crude	00/82	0.421	219.0	212.6	214.3	-6.8	0.8	-9.2	-5.8	0.6
Finished consumer foods, processed	00/82	3.984	213.1	216.3	214.5	0.4	-0.8	1.2	0.2	-0.7
Government purchased foods		0.402	122.0	125.0	122.9	-0.5	-1.7	2.1	0.5	-1.4
Foods for export		0.864	114.9	123.8	130.7	11.9	5.6	2.8	0.3	5.4
Final demand energy		4.984	92.8	95.3	100.5	-3.0	5.5	1.3	4.9	5.1
Finished consumer energy goods(4)	00/82	4.027	149.8	151.3	159.7	-2.9	5.6	0.7	4.1	5.0
Government purchased energy		0.673	89.0	97.0	101.6	-3.2	4.7	3.7	7.9	5.0
Energy for export		0.284	68.7	82.2	86.9	-3.9	5.7	6.7	12.3	6.5
Final demand goods less foods and energy		21.562	118.6	119.8	121.0	2.3	1.0	0.2	0.5	0.8
Finished goods less foods and energy(4)	00/82	12.505	210.2	211.7	212.9	1.7	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.3
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	6.679	234.9	236.8	238.5	2.0	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.4
Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	4.227	303.5	305.1	307.8	1.9	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable consumer goods	00/82	2.452	164.2	166.3	167.0	2.1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.7
Private capital equipment	00/82	5.826	179.4	180.5	181.2	1.5	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.3
Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries	00/82	1.268	183.3	184.2	185.1	1.4	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.3
Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	4.558	178.0	179.1	179.8	1.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.3
Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy		2.275	116.0	116.5	117.5	1.2	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.3
Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment		1.297	117.6	118.4	120.1	1.9	1.4	0.2	0.3	1.1
Government purchased capital equipment		0.978	112.4	112.4	112.6	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.5
Goods for export, excluding foods and energy		6.782	113.6	115.5	117.7	3.8	1.9	0.3	1.2	1.7
Final demand services		66.077	120.5	120.6	122.4	2.0	1.5	-0.2	-0.1	1.3
Final demand trade services(5)		19.659	122.0	121.5	122.6	2.3	0.9	-0.6	-0.8	1.0
Trade of finished goods(4)		16.889	121.5	120.7	121.7	2.2	0.8	-0.6	-1.1	1.0
Trade of personal consumption goods		13.903	122.5	121.8	122.4	2.9	0.5	0.2	-1.3	0.7
Trade of private capital equipment		2.986	116.0	114.6	117.3	-1.4	2.4	-4.0	-0.2	2.4
Trade of government purchased goods		0.735	124.4	125.7	127.2	2.5	1.2	-1.0	0.5	1.2
Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment		0.469	129.4	132.5	132.9	6.2	0.3	1.3	0.8	0.3
Trade of government purchased capital equipment		0.266	115.8	114.1	117.4	-3.5	2.9	-4.8	-0.3	2.9
Trade of exports		2.035	125.6	128.0	129.3	3.1	1.0	-0.2	0.9	1.0
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		4.122	118.9	119.7	121.7	-3.7	1.7	-0.7	0.3	1.3
Transportation of passengers for final demand		0.990	98.5	93.5	94.2	-21.7	0.7	-6.4	-1.9	0.4
Transportation of private passengers		0.669	98.6	93.6	94.3	-21.7	0.7	-6.4	-1.9	0.4
Transportation of government passengers		0.080	98.7	93.8	94.5	-21.5	0.7	-6.4	-1.8	0.4
Transportation of passengers for export		0.241	98.1	93.1	93.8	-22.0	0.8	-6.6	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand		3.132	126.5	129.7	132.2	3.2	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.7
Transportation and warehousing of finished goods(4)		2.052	125.2	128.6	130.9	3.3	1.8	1.2	1.0	1.8
Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods		1.649	125.6	128.9	131.3	3.3	1.9	1.2	1.0	1.8
Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment		0.403	123.7	127.1	129.5	3.2	1.9	1.3	1.0	1.9
Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods		0.191	125.7	128.5	130.1	2.8	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.2
Transportation and warehousing of exports		0.889	130.9	133.6	136.8	3.1	2.4	0.7	0.8	1.6
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		42.296	120.0	120.3	122.4	2.5	1.7	0.2	0.2	1.4
Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing(4)		37.130	120.6	120.9	122.7	2.3	1.5	0.2	0.2	1.3
Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		33.337	120.7	120.9	122.9	2.5	1.7	0.2	0.2	1.4
Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.793	119.8	121.2	121.5	1.0	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.2
Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		2.614	113.1	113.5	115.7	1.8	1.9	0.2	0.1	1.8
Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment		2.499	113.3	113.7	116.0	1.8	2.0	0.1	0.2	1.8
Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.115	105.9	106.7	105.7	1.7	-0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.9
Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing		2.552	120.1	121.0	125.5	4.8	3.7	0.2	0.3	3.3
Final demand construction		1.707	130.4	130.4	130.6	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Construction for private capital investment		1.101	130.6	130.7	130.9	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Construction for government		0.607	129.8	129.6	129.7	0.4	0.1	0.2	-0.1	0.1
Special groupings
Final demand less exports	04/10	86.353	117.3	117.7	119.2	1.4	1.3	0.0	0.2	1.2
Final demand less government	04/10	92.423	117.3	117.8	119.6	1.9	1.5	0.1	0.2	1.4
Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(6)	04/10	88.833	119.1	119.4	121.0	2.1	1.3	-0.1	0.1	1.2
Final demand less foods and energy(6)	04/10	89.345	119.0	119.3	120.9	2.0	1.3	-0.1	0.1	1.2
Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(6)	04/10	93.817	116.9	117.4	119.2	1.8	1.5	0.0	0.3	1.4
Final demand less foods(6)	04/10	94.329	116.9	117.4	119.2	1.8	1.5	0.0	0.3	1.4
Final demand less energy	04/10	95.016	118.8	119.3	120.8	2.0	1.3	0.0	0.0	1.2
Final demand less trade services	01/10	80.341	116.5	117.4	119.3	1.6	1.6	0.3	0.5	1.4
Final demand less distributive services(7)	01/10	77.209	116.2	117.0	118.8	1.5	1.5	0.2	0.6	1.4
Final demand goods less energy	01/10	27.233	117.8	119.3	120.3	2.1	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.7
Final demand goods less foods	04/10	26.546	110.3	111.7	113.8	1.2	1.9	0.4	1.3	1.6
Final demand services less trade services	04/10	46.418	119.0	119.3	121.3	1.8	1.7	0.1	0.3	1.5
Final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	22.791	120.3	120.4	121.6	2.4	1.0	-0.3	-0.6	1.1
Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	55.008	115.0	116.0	117.6	1.8	1.4	0.1	0.3	1.3
Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services(6)	08/13	69.686	111.6	112.1	113.7	2.0	1.4	0.2	0.4	1.2
Private and government purchased capital equipment	08/13	6.804	109.3	109.9	110.3	1.3	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.2
Private and government purchased capital investment services	08/13	7.563	108.8	109.0	110.4	0.0	1.3	-1.5	0.3	1.2
Total private and government purchased capital investment	08/13	14.367	110.5	110.9	111.7	0.6	0.7	-0.7	0.3	0.6
Total finished(4)	01/10	78.778	118.5	118.8	120.3	1.5	1.3	0.0	0.1	1.2
Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(4)(6)	12/10	69.839	119.5	119.6	121.0	1.9	1.2	0.0	-0.1	1.1
Total finished less foods and energy(4)(6)	01/10	70.346	120.4	120.5	121.9	1.9	1.2	0.0	-0.1	1.0
Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(4)(6)	12/10	73.866	117.2	117.3	119.0	1.7	1.4	0.0	0.2	1.3
Total finished less foods(4)(6)	01/10	74.373	118.5	118.7	120.4	1.7	1.4	0.0	0.2	1.3
Total finished less energy(4)	01/10	74.751	120.3	120.5	121.8	1.8	1.1	0.0	-0.1	0.9
Finished goods(4)	00/82	20.937	203.3	205.0	207.6	0.4	1.3	0.2	0.8	1.1
Finished goods less energy(4)	00/82	16.910	210.7	212.4	212.9	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finished goods, excluding foods(4)(6)	00/82	16.532	200.0	201.5	205.1	0.6	1.8	0.2	1.1	1.5
Finished services(4)	01/10	56.740	119.8	119.8	121.4	2.0	1.3	-0.1	-0.2	1.2
Private capital investment services	04/10	7.182	117.1	117.4	118.9	0.1	1.3	-1.4	0.3	1.2
Finished distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	18.941	119.5	119.2	120.3	2.3	0.9	-0.4	-0.8	1.1
Finished services less trade services(4)	04/10	39.851	119.5	119.8	121.6	1.8	1.5	0.1	0.3	1.3
Finished services less distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	37.799	119.3	119.5	121.3	1.8	1.5	0.1	0.2	1.3
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	14.109	116.7	117.2	118.1	0.8	0.8	-0.6	0.2	0.8
Finished goods plus finished distributive services(4)	04/10	39.878	116.3	116.7	118.0	1.4	1.1	-0.1	0.0	1.1
Total exports	04/10	13.647	112.9	115.4	118.2	3.7	2.4	0.3	1.1	2.2
Goods for export	00/82	7.930	187.9	193.0	197.6	4.4	2.4	0.6	1.4	2.3
Services for export	04/10	5.717	121.6	123.0	126.3	2.6	2.7	-0.3	0.6	2.4
Total government purchases	04/10	7.577	111.4	112.7	114.3	0.6	1.4	0.4	0.8	1.2
Government purchased goods	00/82	3.350	179.9	184.1	186.6	0.0	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.1
Government purchased services	04/10	3.620	114.9	115.5	117.4	1.2	1.6	-0.2	0.2	1.5
Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction)	08/13	1.966	111.5	111.3	111.7	-0.2	0.4	-0.6	0.0	0.1
Personal consumption	01/10	64.669	118.9	119.1	120.7	1.7	1.3	0.2	0.1	1.3
Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods)	00/82	15.111	213.0	215.0	218.5	0.0	1.6	0.2	1.0	1.4
Personal consumption goods less energy	00/82	11.084	226.4	228.4	228.8	1.1	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Personal consumption goods less foods	00/82	10.706	211.3	213.1	218.6	0.1	2.6	0.3	1.6	2.2
Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods	00/82	8.254	232.2	233.9	241.3	-0.5	3.2	0.4	2.1	2.6
Personal consumption services	04/10	49.558	119.7	119.6	121.2	2.3	1.3	0.2	-0.2	1.3
Personal consumption less trade services	04/10	50.766	117.6	118.0	120.0	1.4	1.7	0.1	0.5	1.3
Personal consumption less distributive services(7)	04/10	49.117	117.4	117.8	119.7	1.3	1.6	0.1	0.4	1.4
Personal consumption less foods and energy	04/14	56.237	111.9	111.9	113.4	2.3	1.3	0.2	-0.2	1.1
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services(5)	04/14	42.334	111.8	112.1	113.8	2.0	1.5	0.1	0.3	1.2
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services(7)	04/14	40.685	112.0	112.2	113.9	2.0	1.5	0.1	0.2	1.2
Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services(7)	08/13	30.663	106.5	106.8	108.0	1.5	1.1	0.3	-0.1	1.1
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm. (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand. (5) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (6) The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. (7) Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
"-" Data not available.

Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by commodity type(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2020(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(3)	Dec. 2020(3)	Jan. 2021(3)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Processed goods
Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	194.1	198.5	201.9	3.1	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.7
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	44.664	181.2	185.2	188.9	3.6	2.0	0.4	1.5	2.0
Materials for manufacturing		27.205	107.9	111.5	114.9	5.3	3.0	0.7	2.4	3.1
Materials for food manufacturing	00/82	4.424	197.7	202.1	200.7	1.2	-0.7	2.0	0.3	-0.4
Materials for nondurable manufacturing	00/82	12.238	200.4	208.1	216.8	3.8	4.2	0.3	2.9	4.3
Materials for durable manufacturing	00/82	10.543	199.9	206.4	213.0	8.8	3.2	0.5	2.7	3.2
Components for manufacturing	00/82	17.459	156.3	156.9	157.6	1.1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.4
Components for nondurable manufacturing		0.833	114.7	115.5	116.4	1.4	0.8	-0.3	0.6	0.9
Components for durable manufacturing		16.626	110.7	111.0	111.5	1.1	0.5	0.1	0.2	0.4
Materials and components for construction	00/82	9.240	263.2	263.9	268.7	6.6	1.8	-0.3	0.8	1.5
Materials for construction		4.167	136.4	134.5	139.0	10.4	3.3	-1.4	1.0	2.7
Components for construction		5.073	125.1	127.2	127.9	3.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	17.423	161.9	169.9	172.9	0.4	1.8	6.1	2.7	1.9
Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries	00/82	4.602	183.8	182.0	185.9	1.4	2.1	1.6	2.8	1.5
Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	12.821	155.2	166.2	168.9	0.1	1.6	7.7	2.7	2.1
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	2.966	235.5	237.1	241.1	1.9	1.7	0.3	0.3	1.6
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	25.706	202.2	205.3	207.4	3.0	1.0	0.5	0.5	0.9
Supplies to manufacturing industries	00/82	3.458	198.3	200.5	202.9	1.4	1.2	0.1	0.8	1.1
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	22.248	201.2	204.4	206.5	3.3	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.9
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds	00/82	1.971	177.0	199.7	204.8	14.7	2.6	4.3	2.4	2.2
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds	00/82	20.277	205.1	206.5	208.3	2.3	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.8
Unprocessed goods
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	170.1	190.0	198.9	6.6	4.7	7.4	2.2	3.8
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	38.834	157.0	170.4	171.5	0.0	0.6	4.0	0.5	-1.2
Unprocessed nonfood materials	00/82	61.166	171.3	195.1	209.4	11.1	7.3	9.8	3.4	7.1
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	44.495	214.2	244.1	268.8	8.0	10.1	1.6	8.5	9.9
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	41.956	195.8	224.6	248.5	8.3	10.6	1.7	8.9	10.5
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	2.539	280.3	280.7	286.7	3.7	2.1	0.6	0.5	0.7
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	16.671	103.1	117.1	116.4	19.1	-0.6	32.0	-7.1	-0.9
Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	1.233	146.6	157.4	158.1	10.3	0.4	16.9	-4.5	-0.5
Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	15.438	103.8	118.2	117.4	19.6	-0.7	32.5	-7.2	-0.9
Services
Services for intermediate demand		100.000	122.8	123.6	125.7	2.8	1.7	-0.1	0.4	1.3
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		21.075	134.1	136.3	137.7	8.1	1.0	0.3	0.7	1.1
Trade services for manufacturing industries	12/12	10.616	118.7	123.8	125.5	8.3	1.4	1.7	2.0	1.5
Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	10.459	123.0	122.0	122.8	7.8	0.7	-1.0	-0.4	0.7
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		12.413	127.3	128.1	129.5	-0.8	1.1	-0.5	0.0	0.4
Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand		0.868	98.8	93.9	94.6	-21.4	0.7	-6.4	-1.9	0.4
Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries		0.102	98.1	93.1	93.8	-22.0	0.8	-6.6	-1.9	0.4
Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries		0.766	98.9	94.0	94.7	-21.3	0.7	-6.3	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand		11.545	130.4	131.8	133.2	1.3	1.1	0.0	0.2	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries	12/12	2.404	107.9	109.5	110.7	1.1	1.1	0.6	0.6	1.1
Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	9.141	116.5	117.7	119.0	1.4	1.1	-0.1	0.0	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		66.512	118.9	119.5	121.8	2.0	1.9	-0.1	0.4	1.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries		2.092	111.3	111.7	113.5	1.9	1.6	0.4	0.1	1.4
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries		64.420	119.2	119.7	122.0	1.9	1.9	0.0	0.3	1.6
Construction
Construction for intermediate demand		100.000	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Special groupings
Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	91.275	194.3	198.4	202.0	3.0	1.8	1.2	1.5	1.8
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	8.725	193.3	201.0	201.0	3.6	0.0	2.4	0.2	0.1
Processed energy goods	00/82	17.423	162.6	170.7	173.7	0.4	1.8	6.0	2.7	2.0
Processed materials less energy	00/82	82.577	199.7	203.2	206.6	3.7	1.7	0.4	1.1	1.6
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	73.852	200.2	203.0	206.8	3.7	1.9	0.1	1.2	1.8
Intermediate distributive services(5)	04/10	32.620	130.3	132.2	133.6	5.6	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.9
Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services	04/10	-	112.2	114.4	116.1	3.8	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.4
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	56.343	171.6	195.0	207.0	9.8	6.2	10.9	2.9	5.9
Unprocessed energy materials(6)	00/82	33.751	111.4	131.5	138.8	2.9	5.6	16.5	2.5	5.3
Unprocessed materials less energy	00/82	66.249	206.4	224.3	233.4	8.9	4.1	3.4	2.0	2.7
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy(7)	00/82	27.415	356.2	387.7	423.9	24.9	9.3	2.4	4.5	8.9
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (5) Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services. (6) Includes crude petroleum. (7) Excludes crude petroleum.
"-" Data not available.

Table 3. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by production flow(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2020(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(3)	Dec. 2020(3)	Jan. 2021(3)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Stage 4
Stage 4 intermediate demand		100.000	120.6	121.8	123.7	3.4	1.6	0.3	0.7	1.4
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		31.813	116.2	118.2	119.8	3.5	1.4	0.8	0.8	1.3
Goods		22.301	112.3	113.2	114.9	2.3	1.5	0.3	0.5	1.3
Foods		3.006	113.8	117.7	122.6	7.5	4.2	0.6	0.2	4.0
Energy		0.162	115.1	109.2	114.5	5.5	4.9	1.5	0.5	3.7
Goods excluding foods and energy		19.133	111.7	112.6	113.8	1.5	1.1	0.2	0.5	1.0
Services		9.512	128.8	134.0	135.7	6.9	1.3	2.2	1.6	1.2
Trade services		7.469	134.0	140.7	141.7	7.9	0.7	2.7	1.9	0.8
Transportation and warehousing services		0.478	114.0	114.2	115.2	-7.1	0.9	-1.4	0.1	0.8
Transportation of passengers		0.060	98.1	93.1	93.8	-22.0	0.8	-6.6	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.418	123.1	126.3	127.1	1.0	0.6	1.1	1.0	0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.565	112.6	112.5	116.1	3.0	3.2	0.5	0.0	2.7
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		54.448	122.4	122.9	124.9	2.6	1.6	0.2	0.4	1.3
Goods		13.832	117.9	118.0	118.7	1.8	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.4
Foods		2.304	121.0	122.9	122.0	0.2	-0.7	2.4	-1.7	-0.5
Energy		3.591	108.8	105.1	106.2	0.1	1.0	0.8	1.7	-0.3
Goods excluding foods and energy		7.937	122.1	122.7	123.9	2.8	1.0	0.0	0.4	0.7
Services		40.527	123.9	124.6	127.1	3.0	2.0	0.2	0.5	1.6
Trade services		4.554	126.7	129.4	129.0	4.6	-0.3	1.6	0.8	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing services		3.246	121.5	122.1	122.9	-1.9	0.7	-0.4	0.2	0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.383	98.0	93.0	93.7	-22.0	0.8	-6.6	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		2.863	126.1	127.8	128.6	1.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.2
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		32.727	123.2	123.7	126.7	3.1	2.4	0.0	0.5	2.0
Construction		0.089	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		13.738	122.8	124.3	126.7	5.6	1.9	-0.2	1.2	1.9
Goods		9.594	120.4	123.2	125.9	5.2	2.2	0.3	1.9	2.2
Energy		0.597	74.1	88.2	97.3	6.1	10.3	5.1	11.4	15.0
Goods excluding foods and energy		8.997	128.8	129.5	131.6	5.5	1.6	-0.2	0.9	1.3
Services		4.144	127.5	126.5	128.0	6.2	1.2	-1.4	-0.2	1.3
Trade services		1.921	136.9	133.7	135.4	10.9	1.3	-2.7	-0.8	1.4
Transportation and warehousing services		0.598	121.9	124.9	126.9	1.5	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.6
Transportation of passengers		0.012	101.8	97.4	98.0	-19.0	0.6	-5.5	-1.6	0.3
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.586	122.9	126.3	128.3	2.5	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.625	116.8	117.6	118.5	0.4	0.8	-0.1	0.5	0.8
Stage 3
Stage 3 intermediate demand		100.000	113.6	116.4	118.5	1.1	1.8	1.0	1.6	1.2
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		46.816	116.1	120.3	121.9	2.4	1.3	1.7	1.7	0.9
Goods		37.067	111.6	115.8	117.0	1.2	1.0	1.9	1.7	0.5
Foods		12.064	116.7	125.5	121.9	-5.4	-2.9	5.1	1.7	-4.7
Energy		1.233	92.6	94.4	97.1	0.2	2.9	3.5	3.8	3.7
Goods excluding foods and energy		23.770	113.1	115.6	118.9	4.6	2.9	0.4	1.7	2.8
Services		9.749	126.6	130.5	133.6	7.3	2.4	1.0	1.6	2.5
Trade services		5.676	127.4	132.1	135.1	8.3	2.3	1.2	1.9	2.4
Transportation and warehousing services		2.629	124.0	124.6	126.5	-0.2	1.5	-0.1	0.5	1.5
Transportation of passengers		0.115	103.7	99.6	100.0	-18.1	0.4	-5.2	-1.6	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		2.514	124.9	125.8	127.9	0.8	1.7	0.2	0.6	1.7
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.444	114.9	114.9	116.0	1.3	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.8
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		51.775	112.2	113.5	116.0	-0.3	2.2	0.2	1.5	1.3
Goods		9.295	82.6	86.5	89.1	-10.2	3.0	1.0	7.9	1.1
Foods		0.097	137.2	133.5	135.3	-0.4	1.3	2.1	-7.4	2.6
Energy		4.952	70.8	76.1	79.6	-15.0	4.6	1.4	12.5	2.0
Goods excluding foods and energy		4.246	109.9	110.3	111.5	1.2	1.1	0.1	0.5	1.0
Services		41.485	121.1	121.5	124.1	2.4	2.1	-0.1	0.1	1.5
Trade services		2.744	146.3	148.5	151.4	8.5	2.0	0.2	0.5	2.0
Transportation and warehousing services		9.018	134.8	135.7	137.3	0.9	1.2	-0.6	-0.3	0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.025	101.6	97.2	99.7	-17.7	2.6	-5.6	-1.7	1.8
Transportation and warehousing of goods		8.993	135.2	136.1	137.7	1.0	1.2	-0.5	-0.3	0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		29.723	116.5	116.7	119.4	2.0	2.3	0.1	0.1	1.8
Construction		0.995	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		1.410	105.5	115.4	117.5	7.4	1.8	1.9	4.6	2.7
Goods		0.561	92.8	105.6	108.1	6.9	2.4	3.5	6.7	3.1
Goods excluding foods and energy		0.561	133.9	134.6	137.6	8.8	2.2	-0.3	0.7	2.1
Services		0.849	144.4	139.3	141.2	10.2	1.4	-3.0	-1.6	1.8
Trade services		0.803	149.0	143.3	145.3	11.5	1.4	-3.2	-1.8	1.8
Transportation and warehousing services		0.016	98.1	93.1	94.4	-21.5	1.4	-6.6	-1.9	0.7
Transportation and warehousing of goods	12/20	0.016	-	100.0	100.3	-	0.3	-	-	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.030	105.5	105.6	106.4	-1.2	0.8	-0.1	0.1	0.8
Stage 2
Stage 2 intermediate demand		100.000	103.0	106.9	110.0	4.4	2.9	2.0	1.2	2.7
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		50.077	86.6	94.0	97.8	6.3	4.0	5.3	2.3	4.0
Goods		36.565	80.4	88.6	93.4	8.1	5.4	6.4	2.7	5.4
Foods		3.426	114.2	131.7	143.4	24.0	8.9	5.6	1.6	8.4
Energy		14.550	48.5	58.3	61.8	3.2	6.0	17.9	3.0	5.8
Goods excluding foods and energy		18.589	111.4	115.2	120.4	8.6	4.5	0.3	2.7	4.3
Services		12.990	122.5	123.2	123.8	0.6	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Trade services		5.848	134.5	135.9	137.4	8.2	1.1	-0.1	0.1	1.0
Transportation and warehousing services		3.722	140.4	141.4	141.6	-1.3	0.1	-0.5	0.0	0.1
Transportation of passengers		0.156	100.2	95.5	96.3	-20.3	0.8	-6.1	-1.7	0.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods		3.566	142.7	144.3	144.4	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.420	110.5	110.7	112.5	2.6	1.6	0.0	0.2	0.8
Construction		0.522	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		49.923	119.1	119.7	121.7	2.6	1.7	-0.3	0.5	1.3
Goods		5.821	111.8	113.7	114.9	2.9	1.1	0.3	1.2	1.0
Foods		0.033	89.0	103.7	106.4	9.8	2.6	6.9	0.0	1.8
Energy		0.308	92.0	103.8	98.9	-5.0	-4.7	4.0	7.2	-5.0
Goods excluding foods and energy		5.480	114.0	114.6	116.2	3.3	1.4	-0.2	0.8	1.3
Services		42.357	119.8	120.3	122.5	2.7	1.8	-0.4	0.4	1.5
Trade services		2.602	155.6	140.8	138.8	10.5	-1.4	-5.7	-5.5	-1.9
Transportation and warehousing services		2.817	122.4	122.5	121.5	-3.7	-0.8	-0.8	-0.2	-1.5
Transportation of passengers		0.351	98.7	93.8	94.4	-21.7	0.6	-6.4	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		2.466	127.3	128.4	127.0	-0.6	-1.1	0.0	0.1	-1.9
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		36.938	119.3	120.2	122.8	3.4	2.2	-0.3	0.8	1.9
Construction		1.745	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Stage 1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		100.000	112.0	115.9	118.1	3.8	1.9	0.9	2.4	1.7
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		31.992	106.2	112.6	115.9	7.4	2.9	1.7	3.8	2.9
Goods		22.374	101.0	108.5	112.3	8.5	3.5	2.1	4.6	3.4
Foods		2.987	108.1	122.2	132.8	17.6	8.7	5.5	0.4	8.5
Energy		3.198	85.4	93.8	90.8	-2.9	-3.2	7.4	4.2	-3.7
Goods excluding foods and energy		16.189	105.8	112.5	116.9	9.7	3.9	0.6	5.2	3.9
Services		9.617	124.2	126.5	129.1	5.0	2.1	0.3	1.4	2.1
Trade services		5.985	131.1	134.5	137.1	8.0	1.9	0.4	1.7	2.1
Transportation and warehousing services		0.506	119.5	119.8	119.1	-6.5	-0.6	-0.7	0.3	-0.7
Transportation of passengers		0.081	98.1	93.1	93.8	-22.0	0.8	-6.6	-1.9	0.3
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.425	123.6	125.2	124.1	-3.3	-0.9	0.4	0.7	-0.9
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.126	99.3	98.4	100.2	-3.3	1.8	0.9	-0.2	1.8
Construction		0.001	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		55.099	116.1	118.0	119.4	0.3	1.2	0.5	1.2	1.1
Goods		17.108	103.9	109.5	110.9	2.5	1.3	2.0	3.3	1.5
Foods		0.055	94.6	95.8	95.9	1.1	0.1	-0.5	-0.4	0.1
Energy		5.088	93.6	103.7	106.5	4.1	2.7	4.1	6.2	3.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		11.965	117.9	118.6	119.2	1.6	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.4
Services		37.986	122.1	121.9	123.5	-0.6	1.3	-0.2	0.2	1.0
Trade services		3.922	131.1	133.0	134.3	6.4	1.0	0.2	0.6	1.1
Transportation and warehousing services		3.692	113.8	111.1	113.1	-12.7	1.8	-4.2	-1.5	1.3
Transportation of passengers		1.048	98.1	93.1	93.7	-22.0	0.6	-6.6	-1.9	0.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		2.644	131.9	133.6	136.0	1.3	1.8	-0.9	-1.1	1.4
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		30.372	121.3	121.1	122.6	-0.7	1.2	0.2	0.2	0.8
Construction		0.005	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		12.909	125.7	125.6	127.6	5.3	1.6	-0.6	0.5	1.2
Goods		8.316	120.0	121.9	124.0	3.7	1.7	0.5	1.4	1.1
Energy		0.643	74.5	83.0	85.9	-6.7	3.5	3.9	10.6	2.0
Goods excluding foods and energy		7.673	128.0	128.9	131.0	5.0	1.6	0.3	0.5	1.0
Services		4.593	137.0	132.9	134.6	8.4	1.3	-2.5	-1.4	1.6
Trade services		3.920	144.5	138.8	140.4	11.7	1.2	-3.2	-2.0	1.4
Transportation and warehousing services		0.610	104.5	101.8	103.4	-11.4	1.6	-2.8	-0.5	1.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.610	107.6	105.6	106.7	-8.6	1.0	-1.5	-0.1	1.0
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.063	117.7	118.5	118.6	-0.3	0.1	0.0	0.6	0.1
Special groupings
Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	45.727	113.1	114.3	115.8	2.8	1.3	0.4	0.8	1.2
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	54.183	124.5	125.7	127.9	4.0	1.8	0.2	0.6	1.4
Total construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	0.089	118.6	118.7	118.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Total foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	5.310	114.4	117.2	119.7	4.3	2.1	1.5	-0.8	2.0
Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	4.350	92.1	94.3	96.4	0.7	2.2	2.2	4.3	2.2
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	36.067	116.9	117.7	119.1	2.9	1.2	0.1	0.6	1.0
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	46.923	98.6	102.8	104.3	-1.2	1.5	1.7	3.1	0.7
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	52.083	121.0	122.0	124.7	3.5	2.2	0.2	0.3	1.7
Total construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	0.995	118.6	118.7	118.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Total foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	12.161	104.0	111.7	108.6	-5.4	-2.8	5.1	1.7	-4.7
Total energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	6.185	71.8	77.6	80.8	-10.1	4.1	2.4	10.5	2.9
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	28.577	108.1	110.2	113.0	4.1	2.5	0.3	1.5	2.6
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	42.386	79.5	86.7	91.0	7.6	5.0	5.7	2.5	4.8
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	55.347	120.9	121.4	123.3	2.3	1.6	-0.4	0.4	1.1
Total construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	2.267	118.6	118.7	118.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Total foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	3.459	114.5	132.1	143.8	23.9	8.9	5.6	1.6	8.3
Total energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	14.858	48.0	57.6	60.9	3.0	5.7	17.4	3.0	5.7
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	24.069	105.5	108.5	112.6	7.4	3.8	0.1	2.4	3.7
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	47.798	92.7	98.6	101.0	6.1	2.4	1.9	4.0	2.3
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	52.196	122.4	122.6	124.5	1.2	1.5	-0.2	0.4	1.4
Total construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	0.006	118.6	118.7	118.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Total foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	3.042	101.6	114.4	124.2	17.2	8.6	5.2	0.4	8.3
Total energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	8.929	85.6	94.4	95.0	1.1	0.6	5.5	5.4	1.2
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	35.827	93.3	97.6	99.8	6.7	2.3	0.4	3.8	2.0
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available.

Table 4. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by final demand category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(2)	Dec. 2020(2)	Jan. 2021(2)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Final demand		11/09	118.7	119.3	121.0	1.7	1.4	0.1	0.3	1.3
Final demand goods		11/09	114.1	115.7	117.5	1.3	1.6	0.3	1.0	1.4
Final demand foods		11/09	119.8	122.3	122.6	1.4	0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.2
Fresh fruits and melons(3)	01-11		155.8	135.7	151.0	11.0	11.3	-11.2	0.6	11.3
Fresh and dry vegetables(3)	01-13		244.8	275.7	248.7	-19.5	-9.8	-6.5	-5.0	-9.8
Grains	01-2		143.9	171.5	203.9	28.5	18.9	7.8	-0.1	18.2
Eggs for fresh use(3)	01-71-07	12/91	119.4	109.4	116.3	16.9	6.3	-2.8	-24.9	6.3
Oilseeds	01-83-01		182.1	218.1	258.9	49.1	18.7	8.0	1.4	19.0
Bakery products(3)	02-11		289.6	289.8	289.6	-1.1	-0.1	-0.7	-0.6	-0.1
Milled rice(3)	02-13		226.2	222.6	222.1	5.3	-0.2	-0.7	-0.5	-0.2
Pasta products(3)	02-14-02	06/85	208.1	206.4	203.2	0.0	-1.6	-0.2	-1.1	-1.6
Beef and veal	02-21-01		199.3	215.2	196.0	0.2	-8.9	2.7	6.8	-8.4
Pork	02-21-04		141.5	158.7	159.1	3.6	0.3	9.0	0.3	0.9
Processed young chickens	02-22-03		153.0	161.5	166.2	2.9	2.9	5.2	2.1	0.5
Processed turkeys	02-22-06		144.4	146.9	145.0	-3.1	-1.3	0.0	0.7	-0.3
Finfish and shellfish	02-23		351.5	352.0	364.8	0.1	3.6	1.2	-2.8	3.0
Dairy products	02-3		203.9	201.1	196.9	-4.1	-2.1	2.6	-3.7	-1.2
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		213.8	215.5	216.1	2.7	0.3	0.8	0.0	0.3
Confectionery end products(3)	02-55		281.5	280.0	269.6	-5.8	-3.7	-0.1	-0.1	-3.7
Soft drinks(3)	02-62		217.4	220.5	223.4	2.7	1.3	0.7	0.2	1.3
Roasted coffee(3)	02-63-01		195.6	195.3	195.5	0.7	0.1	0.4	-0.8	0.1
Shortening and cooking oils(3)	02-78		245.8	256.9	264.2	10.9	2.8	2.2	1.5	2.8
Frozen specialty food(3)	02-85		185.7	186.2	186.0	0.3	-0.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.1
Final demand energy		11/09	92.8	95.3	100.5	-3.0	5.5	1.3	4.9	5.1
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		93.5	109.9	133.9	15.1	21.8	6.6	3.2	21.8
Residential electric power	05-41	12/90	186.0	178.4	181.0	0.2	1.5	0.3	-0.2	0.3
Residential natural gas	05-51	12/90	202.3	210.6	212.3	3.6	0.8	2.5	-1.6	0.4
Gasoline	05-71		131.5	138.2	158.2	-11.4	14.5	-0.3	13.5	13.6
Home heating oil and distillates	05-73-02		110.4	139.3	147.0	-22.5	5.5	-3.1	48.4	6.2
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Final demand goods less foods and energy		11/09	118.6	119.8	121.0	2.3	1.0	0.2	0.5	0.8
Alcoholic beverages	02-61		201.9	204.4	205.3	2.1	0.4	0.6	0.0	0.3
Pet food(3)	02-94-02		273.5	274.9	274.9	0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Women's, girls', and infants' apparel(3)	03-81-06	12/03	106.2	103.7	105.9	-2.7	2.1	0.7	-2.0	2.1
Men's and boys' apparel(3)	03-81-07	12/03	118.8	118.9	118.9	0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.0
Textile housefurnishings(3)	03-82		168.5	169.2	169.5	-0.7	0.2	0.3	-0.1	0.2
Footwear	04-3		210.0	210.0	210.3	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Industrial chemicals	06-1		225.8	235.3	250.9	1.9	6.6	0.5	3.5	7.0
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	272.8	272.9	277.1	1.4	1.5	-0.5	0.4	-0.7
Soaps and detergents(3)	06-71		184.3	184.3	184.8	0.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.3
Cleaning and polishing products(3)	06-72	06/83	203.5	205.1	204.7	0.5	-0.2	0.7	0.0	-0.2
Cosmetics and other toiletries(3)	06-75		167.9	167.6	167.6	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Tires(3)	07-12-01		149.5	149.2	150.9	1.8	1.1	-0.1	0.0	1.1
Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.(3)	07-2B	12/06	136.9	137.2	138.9	0.5	1.2	0.3	-0.1	1.2
Sanitary paper products(3)	09-15-01		184.5	183.7	183.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		421.2	536.1	646.3	50.8	20.6	0.9	25.8	20.6
Agricultural machinery and equipment	11-1		242.6	243.7	244.4	1.1	0.3	-0.4	0.0	0.2
Construction machinery and equipment(3)	11-2		236.5	236.8	239.2	1.2	1.0	0.1	0.0	1.0
Metal cutting machine tools(3)	11-37		208.5	208.8	209.2	1.8	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2
Metal forming machine tools	11-38		241.9	241.9	243.3	0.6	0.6	-3.2	0.0	-0.5
Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds(3)	11-39		153.8	153.6	154.1	-0.2	0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.3
Pumps, compressors, and equipment	11-41		269.5	269.8	272.6	1.1	1.0	0.0	0.2	0.7
Industrial material handling equipment(3)	11-44		229.1	230.1	230.5	1.3	0.2	0.0	0.4	0.2
Electronic computers and computer equipment(3)	11-5	12/98	25.5	25.2	25.5	-0.8	1.2	0.4	-1.6	1.2
Textile machinery and equipment(3)	11-62		173.9	173.9	173.9	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paper industries machinery(3)	11-64	06/82	229.4	229.3	230.3	0.6	0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Printing trades machinery and equipment(3)	11-65		165.3	164.6	165.2	-0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.8	0.4
Transformers and power regulators(3)	11-74		235.2	238.4	240.1	1.8	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.7
Communication and related equipment	11-76	12/85	119.8	119.7	119.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-1.7
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.6	64.0	64.1	-2.1	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.0
X-ray and electromedical equipment(3)	11-79-05		87.3	87.0	86.9	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Oil field and gas field machinery(3)	11-91		217.8	217.9	218.5	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.3
Mining machinery and equipment(3)	11-92		309.7	310.4	311.2	2.0	0.3	0.3	-0.1	0.3
Office and store machines and equipment(3)	11-93		120.8	120.8	120.8	-1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Household furniture(3)	12-1		223.2	224.6	224.6	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Commercial furniture(3)	12-2		240.6	241.2	242.6	2.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.6
Floor coverings(3)	12-3		197.1	198.0	198.7	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.4
Household appliances(3)	12-4		127.7	126.1	127.2	3.9	0.9	-0.3	-0.2	0.9
Home electronic equipment(3)	12-5		53.1	53.0	53.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors(3)	12-66		151.7	151.7	152.4	0.9	0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.5
Passenger cars	14-11-01		133.9	137.0	136.9	2.2	-0.1	0.7	0.2	0.2
Light motor trucks	14-11-05		175.7	179.9	181.3	2.4	0.8	-0.1	0.5	1.5
Heavy motor trucks	14-11-06		235.2	235.6	235.7	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.4
Motor vehicles parts(3)	14-12		127.8	127.8	128.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Truck trailers(3)	14-14		225.8	227.0	228.8	1.1	0.8	-0.2	-0.2	0.8
Travel trailers and campers(3)	14-16	06/84	220.5	226.5	226.9	3.8	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.2
Aircraft	14-21		311.3	312.0	312.6	1.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ships(3)	14-31	12/85	230.9	231.5	231.5	0.5	0.0	-0.3	0.3	0.0
Railroad equipment(3)	14-4		204.4	204.6	204.9	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1
Toys, games, and children's vehicles(3)	15-11		161.3	161.3	163.4	2.6	1.3	-0.1	0.0	1.3
Sporting and athletic goods	15-12		145.4	145.8	148.7	2.3	2.0	0.3	0.0	1.8
Cigarettes(3)	15-21		1,194.3	1,225.7	1,233.3	7.4	0.6	1.9	0.1	0.6
Mobile homes(3)	15-5		346.8	354.0	359.4	10.3	1.5	-5.7	-0.1	1.5
Medical, surgical & personal aid devices	15-6		185.6	185.6	186.6	1.2	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Jewelry, platinum and karat gold(3)	15-94-02		257.4	254.6	257.4	8.2	1.1	0.9	0.3	1.1
Costume jewelry and novelties(3)	15-94-04		204.1	206.0	211.0	4.5	2.4	0.9	0.0	2.4
Final demand services		11/09	120.5	120.6	122.4	2.0	1.5	-0.2	-0.1	1.3
Final demand trade services(4)		11/09	122.0	121.5	122.6	2.3	0.9	-0.6	-0.8	1.0
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	137.4	146.4	146.2	9.1	-0.1	4.4	2.2	-0.1
Machinery and vehicle wholesaling(3)	57-11-03	05/19	90.2	88.1	91.8	-6.2	4.2	-7.6	-0.3	4.2
Professional and commercial equipment wholesaling(3)	57-11-04	05/19	92.6	91.6	92.0	-0.2	0.4	0.4	-0.8	0.4
Furnishings wholesaling(3)	57-2	03/09	101.1	101.9	103.0	2.0	1.1	-0.6	3.1	1.1
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	116.7	116.2	113.4	2.8	-2.4	2.3	-0.1	-2.4
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	142.1	143.6	145.6	1.6	1.4	0.2	0.5	1.4
Apparel wholesaling(3)	57-7	03/09	117.8	122.7	123.0	1.7	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.2
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	115.9	118.0	118.9	1.9	0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.8
Food and alcohol retailing	58-1	03/09	134.7	133.9	134.2	-1.8	0.2	0.2	0.1	-1.3
Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing(3)	58-2	03/09	126.0	125.1	126.6	-3.1	1.2	0.9	-2.0	1.2
Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing	58-3	06/09	104.6	107.5	108.2	2.9	0.7	8.0	-4.7	5.3
Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing(3)	58-4	03/09	99.5	96.7	97.7	4.4	1.0	-3.8	1.4	1.0
TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-5	03/09	63.5	47.8	53.1	-6.5	11.1	-25.5	7.4	11.1
Automobiles retailing (Partial)	58-61-01	03/09	105.1	112.1	104.6	34.8	-6.7	6.8	1.1	-7.7
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(3)	58-61-02	03/09	115.8	120.1	120.3	6.8	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.2
RVs, trailers, and campers retailing(3)	58-8	03/09	184.0	140.6	146.6	30.4	4.3	-15.4	-10.0	4.3
Sporting goods, including boats, retailing(3)	58-9	03/09	115.9	112.0	115.3	-1.2	2.9	-0.1	-5.1	2.9
Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-A	03/09	112.5	113.2	114.5	3.2	1.1	0.3	0.2	1.1
Furniture retailing(3)	58-B	03/09	112.4	109.2	113.2	7.2	3.7	-0.5	-3.4	3.7
Flooring and floor coverings retailing(3)	58-C	03/09	101.5	104.6	103.7	1.4	-0.9	-0.6	1.4	-0.9
Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	170.5	148.6	148.1	18.4	-0.3	-7.5	-7.8	0.1
Major household appliances retailing	58-E	03/09	109.2	112.9	111.8	17.6	-1.0	2.6	1.9	-0.5
Fuels and lubricants retailing	58-F	06/09	218.8	202.4	208.4	17.3	3.0	-3.2	-6.6	2.4
Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing(3)	58-G	03/09	136.0	119.6	128.4	-12.5	7.4	-8.2	-2.4	7.4
Book retailing(3)	58-H	03/09	130.3	129.8	132.2	5.7	1.8	-0.8	0.2	1.8
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		11/09	118.9	119.7	121.7	-3.7	1.7	-0.7	0.3	1.3
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	128.6	129.5	-0.2	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.7
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	124.5	128.7	131.5	4.4	2.2	1.6	1.3	2.2
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	112.4	115.9	113.9	1.3	-1.7	0.9	-1.4	-1.7
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	150.7	151.2	155.1	3.3	2.6	0.4	0.5	0.5
Rail transportation of passengers	30-21	12/08	127.6	127.6	129.7	1.6	1.6	-0.2	0.0	1.7
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	96.4	91.5	92.2	-22.0	0.8	-6.5	-1.9	0.3
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		11/09	120.0	120.3	122.4	2.5	1.7	0.2	0.2	1.4
Sales of books(3)	33-11		400.8	402.5	420.6	5.2	4.5	0.1	0.6	4.5
Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers	33-12	06/09	140.4	141.8	140.3	8.9	-1.1	0.5	-1.3	-1.9
Application software publishing(3)	34-2	06/09	104.4	105.0	103.7	2.9	-1.2	-0.1	-0.1	-1.2
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	101.0	102.0	100.2	-1.5	-1.8	1.3	-0.6	-1.8
Residential wired telecommunication services	37-11	06/09	142.0	143.3	143.3	1.6	0.0	-0.7	-0.1	-0.5
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.9	64.9	64.8	-0.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.2
Cable and satellite subscriber services	37-3	12/08	137.9	137.9	141.0	4.3	2.2	0.3	0.2	2.1
Internet access services(3)	37-4	03/09	92.3	91.3	91.4	-2.1	0.1	-1.2	0.1	0.1
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	114.4	114.4	114.6	1.1	0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2
Consumer loans (partial)	39-12	06/09	111.3	114.3	113.1	-0.5	-1.0	1.3	2.0	-1.7
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	60.2	59.5	60.5	-9.7	1.7	1.1	-3.7	1.7
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	104.1	104.5	104.6	0.5	0.1	-0.9	0.2	0.1
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	238.1	245.0	268.0	15.9	9.4	0.0	1.7	9.4
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	104.9	104.9	105.0	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.3	0.1
Disability insurance, including accidental death(3)	41-11-02	03/09	102.3	102.3	102.3	-1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	139.5	139.5	140.2	1.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	-0.9
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	125.6	125.7	123.6	-1.4	-1.7	-0.2	0.2	-1.7
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	116.9	117.6	117.7	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions	43-21	12/08	154.4	159.7	161.2	8.3	0.9	1.3	1.4	1.1
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	82.5	78.1	77.7	-9.2	-0.5	-0.8	-1.7	0.0
Legal services	45-1	03/09	142.5	141.3	143.1	3.4	1.3	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Tax preparation and planning	45-21-02	04/09	117.1	119.7	128.0	8.3	6.9	-1.8	-0.3	6.1
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.7	118.8	119.9	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Arrangement of flights (partial)	47-1	06/09	103.2	101.1	101.5	2.0	0.4	6.5	-0.5	-0.3
Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging(3)	47-2	12/08	82.0	76.8	75.4	-1.2	-1.8	1.8	-2.7	-1.8
Arrangement of cruises and tours(3)	47-3	12/08	75.5	86.4	87.6	-12.6	1.4	-9.6	11.1	1.4
Physician care	51-11-01	03/09	111.5	111.5	114.0	3.0	2.2	0.1	0.1	2.0
Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care(3)	51-11-02	03/09	95.4	95.3	95.3	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Home health and hospice care(3)	51-11-03	12/08	115.6	116.1	116.5	2.1	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hospital outpatient care(3)	51-11-04	12/08	136.7	136.9	139.4	4.0	1.8	0.7	0.3	1.8
Dental care	51-11-05	06/10	121.5	121.5	121.9	3.9	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hospital inpatient care	51-21-01	12/08	134.6	136.0	136.6	3.7	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.4
Nursing home care	51-21-02	12/08	132.4	133.0	133.9	3.4	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.2
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	101.7	95.1	107.9	-9.4	13.5	0.3	-0.4	13.3
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)(3)	54-1	06/09	121.4	120.7	120.3	-2.0	-0.3	-1.6	0.9	-0.3
Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial)	55-2	12/08	142.3	142.9	143.2	2.0	0.2	0.4	0.1	-0.3
Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees (partial)(3)	56-1	06/09	122.8	125.0	125.3	1.5	0.2	-0.2	1.6	0.2
Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)(3)	56-2	12/08	123.1	123.1	123.1	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaming receipts (partial)(3)	56-3	12/08	113.9	107.7	107.7	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	217.5	215.7	216.3	-6.4	0.3	0.8	-0.2	0.3
Final demand construction		11/09	130.4	130.4	130.6	0.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
New warehouse building construction(3)	80-11-01	12/04	161.4	161.9	162.2	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.2
New school building construction(3)	80-11-02	12/05	174.9	174.3	174.3	0.6	0.0	0.3	-0.1	0.0
New office building construction(3)	80-11-03	06/06	146.0	146.5	147.2	1.3	0.5	0.4	-0.1	0.5
New industrial building construction(3)	80-11-04	06/07	140.5	140.5	140.7	1.7	0.1	-0.2	0.4	0.1
New health care building construction(3)	80-11-05	06/12	119.7	119.5	119.0	0.3	-0.4	-0.3	0.3	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 5. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by commodity type category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(2)	Dec. 2020(2)	Jan. 2021(2)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Processed goods for intermediate demand			194.1	198.5	201.9	3.1	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.7
Processed foods and feeds			193.3	201.0	201.0	3.6	0.0	2.4	0.2	0.1
Meats	02-21		179.3	190.9	182.9	0.9	-4.2	3.6	2.9	-3.4
Processed poultry	02-22		148.5	153.4	155.0	2.0	1.0	2.4	1.4	-0.1
Dairy products	02-3		203.9	201.1	196.9	-4.1	-2.1	2.6	-3.7	-1.2
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		213.8	215.5	216.1	2.7	0.3	0.8	0.0	0.3
Refined sugar and byproducts(3)	02-53		186.7	187.7	189.2	4.9	0.8	3.2	-0.1	0.8
Fats and oils(3)	02-7		245.4	260.8	269.5	14.5	3.3	2.9	1.5	3.3
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		189.4	207.2	211.2	10.9	1.9	3.2	1.8	1.2
Processed materials less foods and feeds			194.3	198.4	202.0	3.0	1.8	1.2	1.5	1.8
Synthetic fibers(3)	03-1		126.2	126.9	127.8	-1.7	0.7	0.3	1.3	0.7
Processed yarns and threads(3)	03-2		135.9	136.2	138.5	-0.5	1.7	0.7	0.1	1.7
Finished fabrics(3)	03-4		163.7	164.5	165.3	2.6	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.5
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		93.5	109.9	133.9	15.1	21.8	6.6	3.2	21.8
Commercial electric power	05-42		211.4	194.3	198.2	1.8	2.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
Industrial electric power	05-43		256.2	232.7	234.9	0.9	0.9	0.5	-0.7	-0.9
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	185.6	202.2	205.6	5.4	1.7	4.5	-1.6	0.4
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	142.7	154.4	149.6	3.7	-3.1	11.5	-2.5	-4.1
Natural gas to electric utilities	05-54	12/90	149.8	194.9	149.3	8.4	-23.4	62.2	-19.2	-21.1
Gasoline	05-71		131.5	138.2	158.2	-11.4	14.5	-0.3	13.5	13.6
Jet fuel(3)	05-72-03		114.0	144.8	155.6	-25.8	7.5	4.1	27.4	7.5
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Residual fuels(3)	05-74		110.9	128.7	152.6	25.9	18.6	26.0	6.2	18.6
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		434.5	436.1	439.3	-0.1	0.7	0.7	-0.1	0.7
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	88.6	99.5	100.3	-15.9	0.8	-6.9	13.7	0.8
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	162.4	147.8	162.8	-15.6	10.1	13.0	5.0	10.7
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		273.9	274.0	276.0	0.3	0.7	-0.2	-0.3	0.7
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		218.9	230.0	247.8	2.1	7.7	0.7	4.2	8.1
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		306.8	306.0	307.7	1.6	0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.6
Paint materials(3)	06-22		274.8	269.3	265.7	1.3	-1.3	-2.0	0.0	-1.3
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		181.7	181.5	180.6	-1.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	-0.5
Biological products, including diagnostics	06-37		281.8	282.9	291.9	4.5	3.2	0.5	0.2	2.2
Fats and oils, inedible(3)	06-4		207.5	227.6	247.8	19.6	8.9	2.6	6.5	8.9
Nitrogenates	06-52-01		235.5	239.8	250.3	6.1	4.4	-0.9	0.4	4.0
Phosphates	06-52-02		173.0	193.4	197.9	26.3	2.3	4.5	2.6	1.7
Other agricultural chemicals(3)	06-53		195.3	194.9	196.6	1.1	0.9	-0.1	-0.2	0.9
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		214.1	230.3	236.8	9.2	2.8	0.2	4.2	2.9
Industrial gases(3)	06-79-03		267.8	274.5	287.7	2.7	4.8	-0.6	2.6	4.8
Adhesives and sealants(3)	06-79-04	12/83	270.4	270.9	272.0	1.1	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		186.9	198.8	200.5	-0.6	0.9	1.6	2.8	0.9
Tires(3)	07-12-01		149.5	149.2	150.9	1.8	1.1	-0.1	0.0	1.1
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21		235.6	242.6	244.6	6.7	0.8	1.5	0.2	0.8
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes(3)	07-22		219.7	221.9	224.0	2.3	0.9	-1.0	1.4	0.9
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		152.0	152.2	152.2	-0.9	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	111.4	113.1	114.9	-0.1	1.6	0.1	0.7	1.6
Softwood lumber	08-11		398.9	335.7	382.7	73.0	14.0	-17.5	13.0	13.9
Hardwood lumber(3)	08-12		205.9	224.7	231.9	14.5	3.2	4.5	2.5	3.2
Millwork	08-2		284.2	285.1	294.1	10.9	3.2	0.0	0.1	3.0
Plywood(3)	08-3		278.3	252.9	264.1	35.6	4.4	-7.6	-3.5	4.4
Paper(3)	09-13		195.4	195.5	196.7	-1.1	0.6	0.6	-1.2	0.6
Paperboard(3)	09-14		255.3	260.9	270.5	4.4	3.7	0.0	1.8	3.7
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		268.4	268.8	272.4	1.5	1.3	0.0	0.2	1.3
Building paper and board(3)	09-2		323.0	326.8	328.5	63.4	0.5	1.5	-0.5	0.5
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	179.7	179.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		215.1	216.1	218.9	3.2	1.3	0.1	0.2	1.3
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		177.7	191.1	201.1	7.4	5.2	2.8	3.7	5.2
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		199.8	217.2	213.3	13.9	-1.8	0.1	8.1	-1.8
Secondary nonferrous metals(3)	10-24		264.5	267.6	276.6	17.9	3.4	7.8	-7.0	3.4
Aluminum mill shapes(3)	10-25-01		182.4	187.9	195.1	1.5	3.8	0.3	3.4	3.8
Copper and brass mill shapes(3)	10-25-02		428.7	464.0	478.2	21.7	3.1	1.8	6.8	3.1
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		252.4	264.3	270.3	9.6	2.3	1.2	3.1	2.3
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		211.9	216.8	220.9	4.7	1.9	0.1	0.8	1.7
Metal containers(3)	10-3		161.9	163.7	166.5	0.9	1.7	0.2	0.6	1.7
Hardware(3)	10-4		228.0	228.7	229.8	1.8	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.5
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings	10-5		289.6	289.6	289.6	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Heating equipment(3)	10-6		284.4	285.6	284.9	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.4	-0.2
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.9	243.3	245.0	3.2	0.7	0.1	1.7	0.5
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81	00/82	219.2	219.3	219.9	3.8	0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Lighting fixtures(3)	10-83	00/82	188.2	189.2	189.4	1.2	0.1	-0.6	0.1	0.1
Fabricated ferrous wire products(3)	10-88	06/82	254.0	254.6	256.6	2.0	0.8	-0.4	0.7	0.8
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.4	167.0	168.3	1.0	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.8
Fluid power equipment	11-43		270.6	270.3	271.6	0.9	0.5	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Mechanical power transmission equipment(3)	11-45		284.1	285.7	285.8	1.8	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.0
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		205.4	206.3	208.5	3.7	1.1	0.9	0.0	0.7
Metal valves, except fluid power	11-49-02	12/82	347.5	351.5	352.5	2.8	0.3	-0.3	0.7	0.4
Ball and roller bearings(3)	11-49-05		282.5	282.7	284.1	0.8	0.5	0.2	-0.3	0.5
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		243.3	253.7	254.5	6.4	0.3	3.3	0.3	0.3
Motors, generators, motor generator sets(3)	11-73		222.4	223.0	222.7	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.(3)	11-75		235.8	237.2	238.1	1.2	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.4
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.6	64.0	64.1	-2.1	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.0
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		171.3	171.4	171.6	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		195.6	195.3	195.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.4	0.0
Flat glass(3)	13-11		139.0	142.7	141.9	2.9	-0.6	0.1	2.6	-0.6
Cement	13-22		263.0	263.0	263.9	2.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	-0.5
Concrete products	13-3		280.3	280.0	281.1	1.7	0.4	-0.7	0.8	-0.1
Asphalt felts and coatings(3)	13-6		254.2	252.4	253.9	2.5	0.6	2.8	-0.3	0.6
Paving mixtures and blocks	13-94		305.5	301.7	333.4	-0.4	10.5	0.7	-0.4	4.1
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		127.8	127.8	128.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	233.1	232.9	233.8	1.3	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	192.4	192.4	192.5	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices	15-6		185.6	185.6	186.6	1.2	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand			170.1	190.0	198.9	6.6	4.7	7.4	2.2	3.8
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs			157.0	170.4	171.5	0.0	0.6	4.0	0.5	-1.2
Wheat(3)	01-21		141.6	165.5	182.9	17.3	10.5	5.3	0.8	10.5
Corn	01-22-02		140.5	170.7	209.0	32.2	22.4	8.7	-0.2	21.6
Slaughter cattle	01-31		157.0	157.8	161.2	-10.1	2.2	-0.7	-3.3	-0.9
Slaughter hogs	01-32		83.4	82.2	83.3	12.3	1.3	1.2	-4.4	-4.9
Slaughter chickens	01-41-02		159.1	218.3	220.0	-11.4	0.8	7.4	8.4	-13.0
Slaughter turkeys	01-42		230.3	229.5	226.4	12.4	-1.4	-1.5	0.4	6.1
Raw milk	01-6		136.6	151.6	115.5	-22.7	-23.8	16.7	11.9	-20.4
Alfalfa hay(3)	01-81		297.1	321.1	319.0	-2.0	-0.7	7.8	-6.9	-0.7
Oilseeds	01-83-01		182.1	218.1	258.9	49.1	18.7	8.0	1.4	19.0
Raw cane sugar and byproducts(3)	02-52-01		173.0	176.0	173.4	6.5	-1.5	1.3	-0.7	-1.5
Unprocessed nonfood materials			171.3	195.1	209.4	11.1	7.3	9.8	3.4	7.1
Raw cotton(3)	01-51		97.6	114.5	123.6	15.3	7.9	4.4	8.6	7.9
Hides and skins	04-1		106.7	138.8	138.6	6.9	-0.1	25.5	4.4	1.5
Coal	05-1		189.1	189.4	189.7	-0.4	0.2	0.8	-1.9	-0.9
Natural gas(3)	05-31		77.2	92.7	91.9	30.0	-0.9	48.9	-9.4	-0.9
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		101.1	126.8	142.0	-10.5	12.0	0.5	17.5	12.0
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips(3)	08-5		239.2	245.0	255.6	8.2	4.3	-0.2	0.7	4.3
Recyclable paper(3)	09-12		244.1	276.3	297.1	97.1	7.5	-1.6	14.6	7.5
Iron ores	10-11		149.6	157.1	155.0	5.7	-1.3	1.1	3.1	-0.7
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		421.2	536.1	646.3	50.8	20.6	0.9	25.8	20.6
Nonferrous metal ores(3)	10-21	12/83	472.8	476.4	489.6	18.5	2.8	8.7	-8.2	2.8
Copper base scrap(3)	10-23-01		454.1	514.2	534.8	29.0	4.0	1.5	10.0	4.0
Aluminum base scrap	10-23-02		152.6	190.2	210.7	36.8	10.8	0.5	10.0	9.3
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		366.2	366.8	375.0	4.4	2.2	0.7	0.5	0.7
Services for intermediate demand		11/09	122.8	123.6	125.7	2.8	1.7	-0.1	0.4	1.3
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		11/09	134.1	136.3	137.7	8.1	1.0	0.3	0.7	1.1
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	137.4	146.4	146.2	9.1	-0.1	4.4	2.2	-0.1
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	106.0	106.1	105.6	1.5	-0.5	-4.4	4.6	0.7
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	167.9	190.5	212.3	29.1	11.4	1.4	7.0	11.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	116.7	116.2	113.4	2.8	-2.4	2.3	-0.1	-2.4
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	142.1	143.6	145.6	1.6	1.4	0.2	0.5	1.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	113.8	116.0	117.0	1.1	0.9	-0.8	0.3	0.9
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(3)	58-61-02	03/09	115.8	120.1	120.3	6.8	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.2
Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	170.5	148.6	148.1	18.4	-0.3	-7.5	-7.8	0.1
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		11/09	127.3	128.1	129.5	-0.8	1.1	-0.5	0.0	0.4
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	128.6	129.5	-0.2	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.7
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	124.5	128.7	131.5	4.4	2.2	1.6	1.3	2.2
Water transportation of freight(3)	30-13	06/09	116.2	113.9	112.9	-10.6	-0.9	-1.6	-0.1	-0.9
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	112.4	115.9	113.9	1.3	-1.7	0.9	-1.4	-1.7
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products	30-15-01	12/08	166.6	166.6	166.9	3.6	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	237.5	238.2	237.5	2.3	-0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.2
Courier and messenger services, except air mail	30-16-02	04/09	168.0	168.2	176.1	4.7	4.7	0.2	0.4	0.9
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	180.7	182.2	191.5	2.5	5.1	0.5	1.5	1.3
Transportation of passengers (partial)	30-2	06/09	105.1	99.8	100.5	-21.7	0.7	-6.4	-1.9	0.4
Services related to water transportation	31-1	06/09	125.2	125.8	126.0	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	102.1	102.3	94.2	-12.5	-7.9	-7.9	-4.8	-7.9
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	108.4	109.1	108.8	2.0	-0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		11/09	118.9	119.5	121.8	2.0	1.9	-0.1	0.4	1.5
Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio(3)	35	06/09	146.5	146.5	146.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(3)	36-11	06/09	101.9	103.0	100.9	-1.7	-2.0	1.6	-0.8	-2.0
Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists(3)	36-12	12/08	100.8	100.8	100.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Television advertising time sales	36-2	06/09	103.1	112.8	106.3	-1.5	-5.8	-2.7	2.4	-3.6
Radio advertising time sales	36-3	03/09	91.3	91.7	90.6	-10.3	-1.2	-0.2	0.2	3.4
Internet advertising space sales, excluding Internet ads sold by print publishers(3)	36-5	12/09	60.0	63.4	62.3	-1.4	-1.7	1.8	1.6	-1.7
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	101.8	102.0	102.0	-0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.9	64.9	64.8	-0.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.2
Cable and satellite subscriber services	37-3	12/08	137.9	137.9	141.0	4.3	2.2	0.3	0.2	2.1
Bundled wired telecommunication access services(3)	37-5	12/11	114.4	114.4	114.6	1.1	0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	104.6	104.7	104.4	1.5	-0.3	1.0	-1.0	-0.3
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	174.3	172.8	188.1	-6.4	8.9	1.2	4.0	2.8
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	60.2	59.5	60.5	-9.7	1.7	1.1	-3.7	1.7
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	104.1	104.5	104.6	0.5	0.1	-0.9	0.2	0.1
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	238.1	245.0	268.0	15.9	9.4	0.0	1.7	9.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	208.5	209.2	211.4	7.9	1.1	4.1	-1.3	1.1
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	104.9	104.9	105.0	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.3	0.1
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	139.5	139.5	140.2	1.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	-0.9
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	125.6	125.7	123.6	-1.4	-1.7	-0.2	0.2	-1.7
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	116.9	117.6	117.7	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-1	06/09	108.8	108.9	109.0	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	123.6	122.7	121.5	1.4	-1.0	0.5	0.2	-1.0
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	128.4	128.9	131.3	1.8	1.9	-0.2	0.5	1.9
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	118.5	118.4	118.7	0.5	0.3	-0.7	0.7	0.3
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	82.5	78.1	77.7	-9.2	-0.5	-0.8	-1.7	0.0
Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing(3)	44-2	06/09	112.4	113.8	114.8	3.8	0.9	2.9	-1.8	0.9
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	94.6	94.1	94.3	-4.8	0.2	0.1	-0.4	0.2
Legal services	45-1	03/09	142.5	141.3	143.1	3.4	1.3	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	111.1	112.5	116.6	2.5	3.6	-0.7	0.0	3.2
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.7	118.8	119.9	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Advertising and related services (partial)(3)	45-5	12/08	107.5	107.8	108.2	-0.4	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.4
Permanent placement services(3)	46-1	03/09	116.1	118.4	118.9	0.1	0.4	-1.6	1.8	0.4
Executive search services(3)	46-2	12/08	94.9	98.0	98.2	2.4	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.2
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.7	119.4	119.9	3.3	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.2
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	122.5	122.5	124.1	4.2	1.3	1.1	-1.2	1.3
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.5	112.4	112.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	136.4	137.2	138.1	2.8	0.7	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	101.7	95.1	107.9	-9.4	13.5	0.3	-0.4	13.3
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.7	127.8	128.2	1.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Aircraft repair and maintenance	55-4	04/09	127.4	127.3	129.1	0.2	1.4	0.2	0.2	-0.4
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	188.7	189.9	191.8	1.1	1.0	0.2	0.3	1.0
Construction for intermediate demand		11/09	119.6	119.7	119.9	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)(3)	80-2	12/10	120.9	121.0	121.2	-0.8	0.2	0.2	-0.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 6. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by production flow category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Jan. 2021 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
			Sept. 2020(2)	Dec. 2020(2)	Jan. 2021(2)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020	Oct. to Nov.	Nov. to Dec.	Dec. to Jan.
Stage 4 intermediate demand		11/09	120.6	121.8	123.7	3.4	1.6	0.3	0.7	1.4
Stage 4 intermediate demand goods		04/10	113.1	114.3	115.8	2.8	1.3	0.4	0.8	1.2
Grains	01-2		143.9	171.5	203.9	28.5	18.9	7.8	-0.1	18.2
Meats	02-21		179.3	190.9	182.9	0.9	-4.2	3.6	2.9	-3.4
Unprocessed and packaged fish	02-23		351.5	352.0	364.8	0.1	3.6	1.2	-2.8	3.0
Dairy products	02-3		203.9	201.1	196.9	-4.1	-2.1	2.6	-3.7	-1.2
Commercial electric power	05-42		211.4	194.3	198.2	1.8	2.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
Industrial electric power	05-43		256.2	232.7	234.9	0.9	0.9	0.5	-0.7	-0.9
Gasoline	05-71		131.5	138.2	158.2	-11.4	14.5	-0.3	13.5	13.6
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		218.9	230.0	247.8	2.1	7.7	0.7	4.2	8.1
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		306.8	306.0	307.7	1.6	0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.6
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		181.7	181.5	180.6	-1.6	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	-0.5
Biological products, including diagnostics	06-37		281.8	282.9	291.9	4.5	3.2	0.5	0.2	2.2
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	272.8	272.9	277.1	1.4	1.5	-0.5	0.4	-0.7
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21	00/82	235.6	242.6	244.6	6.7	0.8	1.5	0.2	0.8
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		219.7	221.9	224.0	2.3	0.9	-1.0	1.4	0.9
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		152.0	152.2	152.2	-0.9	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	111.4	113.1	114.9	-0.1	1.6	0.1	0.7	1.6
Lumber	08-1	00/82	322.0	289.0	320.9	53.1	11.0	-12.2	10.0	11.1
Millwork	08-2		284.2	285.1	294.1	10.9	3.2	0.0	0.1	3.0
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		268.4	268.8	272.4	1.5	1.3	0.0	0.2	1.3
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	179.7	179.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		177.7	191.1	201.1	7.4	5.2	2.8	3.7	5.2
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		252.4	264.3	270.3	9.6	2.3	1.2	3.1	2.3
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.9	243.3	245.0	3.2	0.7	0.1	1.7	0.5
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.4	167.0	168.3	1.0	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.8
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		205.4	206.3	208.5	3.7	1.1	0.9	0.0	0.7
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		243.3	253.7	254.5	6.4	0.3	3.3	0.3	0.3
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.6	64.0	64.1	-2.1	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.0
Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment(3)	11-79		125.1	124.8	124.8	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		171.3	171.4	171.6	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		195.6	195.3	195.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.4	0.0
Concrete ingredients and related products	13-2		322.4	322.8	328.4	3.9	1.7	0.5	0.5	0.4
Concrete products	13-3		280.3	280.0	281.1	1.7	0.4	-0.7	0.8	-0.1
Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products(3)	13-61		255.7	253.5	255.2	2.9	0.7	3.2	-0.3	0.7
Paving mixtures and blocks	13-94		305.5	301.7	333.4	-0.4	10.5	0.7	-0.4	4.1
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		127.8	127.8	128.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	233.1	232.9	233.8	1.3	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.0
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	192.4	192.4	192.5	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Medical, surgical and personal aid devices	15-6		185.6	185.6	186.6	1.2	0.5	-0.2	0.0	0.3
Stage 4 intermediate demand services		04/10	124.5	125.7	127.9	4.0	1.8	0.2	0.6	1.4
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	124.5	128.7	131.5	4.4	2.2	1.6	1.3	2.2
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	150.7	151.2	155.1	3.3	2.6	0.4	0.5	0.5
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	96.4	91.5	92.2	-22.0	0.8	-6.5	-1.9	0.3
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	108.4	109.1	108.8	2.0	-0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.3
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(3)	36-11	06/09	101.9	103.0	100.9	-1.7	-2.0	1.6	-0.8	-2.0
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	104.6	104.7	104.4	1.5	-0.3	1.0	-1.0	-0.3
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	174.3	172.8	188.1	-6.4	8.9	1.2	4.0	2.8
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	60.2	59.5	60.5	-9.7	1.7	1.1	-3.7	1.7
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	238.1	245.0	268.0	15.9	9.4	0.0	1.7	9.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	208.5	209.2	211.4	7.9	1.1	4.1	-1.3	1.1
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.2	126.2	125.3	-0.4	-0.7	0.1	0.2	-1.3
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	116.9	117.6	117.7	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	123.6	122.7	121.5	1.4	-1.0	0.5	0.2	-1.0
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	128.4	128.9	131.3	1.8	1.9	-0.2	0.5	1.9
Nonresidential property management fees(3)	43-13	12/08	92.0	91.3	91.3	-4.8	0.0	-1.5	-0.4	0.0
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	118.5	118.4	118.7	0.5	0.3	-0.7	0.7	0.3
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	94.6	94.1	94.3	-4.8	0.2	0.1	-0.4	0.2
Legal services	45-1	03/09	142.5	141.3	143.1	3.4	1.3	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.5	107.8	108.2	-0.4	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.4
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	111.1	112.5	116.6	2.5	3.6	-0.7	0.0	3.2
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.7	118.8	119.9	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.7	119.4	119.9	3.3	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.2
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.5	112.4	112.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.7	127.8	128.2	1.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	137.4	146.4	146.2	9.1	-0.1	4.4	2.2	-0.1
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	106.0	106.1	105.6	1.5	-0.5	-4.4	4.6	0.7
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	167.9	190.5	212.3	29.1	11.4	1.4	7.0	11.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	116.7	116.2	113.4	2.8	-2.4	2.3	-0.1	-2.4
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	142.1	143.6	145.6	1.6	1.4	0.2	0.5	1.4
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	115.9	118.0	118.9	1.9	0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.8
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	170.5	148.6	148.1	18.4	-0.3	-7.5	-7.8	0.1
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	188.7	189.9	191.8	1.1	1.0	0.2	0.3	1.0
Stage 3 intermediate demand		11/09	113.6	116.4	118.5	1.1	1.8	1.0	1.6	1.2
Stage 3 intermediate demand goods		04/10	98.6	102.8	104.3	-1.2	1.5	1.7	3.1	0.7
Slaughter cattle	01-31		157.0	157.8	161.2	-10.1	2.2	-0.7	-3.3	-0.9
Slaughter hogs	01-32		83.4	82.2	83.3	12.3	1.3	1.2	-4.4	-4.9
Slaughter poultry	01-4		172.3	217.8	218.5	-7.2	0.3	5.3	6.5	-9.0
Raw milk	01-6		136.6	151.6	115.5	-22.7	-23.8	16.7	11.9	-20.4
Commercial electric power	05-42		211.4	194.3	198.2	1.8	2.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
Industrial electric power	05-43		256.2	232.7	234.9	0.9	0.9	0.5	-0.7	-0.9
Gasoline	05-71		131.5	138.2	158.2	-11.4	14.5	-0.3	13.5	13.6
Jet fuel(3)	05-72-03		114.0	144.8	155.6	-25.8	7.5	4.1	27.4	7.5
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		434.5	436.1	439.3	-0.1	0.7	0.7	-0.1	0.7
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	88.6	99.5	100.3	-15.9	0.8	-6.9	13.7	0.8
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	162.4	147.8	162.8	-15.6	10.1	13.0	5.0	10.7
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		273.9	274.0	276.0	0.3	0.7	-0.2	-0.3	0.7
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		218.9	230.0	247.8	2.1	7.7	0.7	4.2	8.1
Paints and allied products(3)	06-2		302.1	300.2	300.8	1.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.3	0.2
Agricultural chemicals and chemical products	06-5		209.5	216.9	220.8	8.0	1.8	0.4	0.7	1.5
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		214.1	230.3	236.8	9.2	2.8	0.2	4.2	2.9
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		186.9	198.8	200.5	-0.6	0.9	1.6	2.8	0.9
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		219.7	221.9	224.0	2.3	0.9	-1.0	1.4	0.9
Paper(3)	09-13		195.4	195.5	196.7	-1.1	0.6	0.6	-1.2	0.6
Paperboard(3)	09-14		255.3	260.9	270.5	4.4	3.7	0.0	1.8	3.7
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		241.3	242.5	244.1	1.0	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.7
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	179.7	179.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		215.1	216.1	218.9	3.2	1.3	0.1	0.2	1.3
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		177.7	191.1	201.1	7.4	5.2	2.8	3.7	5.2
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		207.5	216.0	222.7	6.5	3.1	0.6	4.4	3.1
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		211.9	216.8	220.9	4.7	1.9	0.1	0.8	1.7
Metal containers(3)	10-3		161.9	163.7	166.5	0.9	1.7	0.2	0.6	1.7
Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products	10-74		230.0	233.0	235.0	2.6	0.9	-0.5	1.6	0.9
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81		219.2	219.3	219.9	3.8	0.3	-0.2	0.2	0.3
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.4	167.0	168.3	1.0	0.8	0.1	-0.1	0.8
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		251.3	252.8	254.3	2.0	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		117.8	117.7	117.8	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.5
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		366.2	366.8	375.0	4.4	2.2	0.7	0.5	0.7
Cement	13-22		263.0	263.0	263.9	2.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	-0.5
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		127.8	127.8	128.1	0.5	0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	14-2		281.5	281.8	282.4	1.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stage 3 intermediate demand services		04/10	121.0	122.0	124.7	3.5	2.2	0.2	0.3	1.7
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	128.6	129.5	-0.2	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.7
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	150.7	151.2	155.1	3.3	2.6	0.4	0.5	0.5
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	102.1	102.3	94.2	-12.5	-7.9	-7.9	-4.8	-7.9
Freight forwarding(3)	31-32-01	12/08	97.1	97.3	100.6	2.2	3.4	0.5	-0.5	3.4
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	108.4	109.1	108.8	2.0	-0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.3
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	101.0	102.0	100.2	-1.5	-1.8	1.3	-0.6	-1.8
Wired telephone services(3)	37-1	06/09	117.3	117.8	117.9	0.4	0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.1
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	114.4	114.4	114.6	1.1	0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	104.6	104.7	104.4	1.5	-0.3	1.0	-1.0	-0.3
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	174.3	172.8	188.1	-6.4	8.9	1.2	4.0	2.8
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	60.2	59.5	60.5	-9.7	1.7	1.1	-3.7	1.7
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.2	126.2	125.3	-0.4	-0.7	0.1	0.2	-1.3
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	123.6	122.7	121.5	1.4	-1.0	0.5	0.2	-1.0
Legal services	45-1	03/09	142.5	141.3	143.1	3.4	1.3	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	111.1	112.5	116.6	2.5	3.6	-0.7	0.0	3.2
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.7	118.8	119.9	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.9
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.5	107.8	108.2	-0.4	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.7	119.4	119.9	3.3	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.2
Aircraft repair maintenance	55-4	04/09	127.4	127.3	129.1	0.2	1.4	0.2	0.2	-0.4
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	137.4	146.4	146.2	9.1	-0.1	4.4	2.2	-0.1
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	106.0	106.1	105.6	1.5	-0.5	-4.4	4.6	0.7
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	167.9	190.5	212.3	29.1	11.4	1.4	7.0	11.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	116.7	116.2	113.4	2.8	-2.4	2.3	-0.1	-2.4
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	142.1	143.6	145.6	1.6	1.4	0.2	0.5	1.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	113.8	116.0	117.0	1.1	0.9	-0.8	0.3	0.9
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	188.7	189.9	191.8	1.1	1.0	0.2	0.3	1.0
Stage 2 intermediate demand		11/09	103.0	106.9	110.0	4.4	2.9	2.0	1.2	2.7
Stage 2 intermediate demand goods		04/10	79.5	86.7	91.0	7.6	5.0	5.7	2.5	4.8
Corn	01-22-02		140.5	170.7	209.0	32.2	22.4	8.7	-0.2	21.6
Oilseeds	01-83		182.1	218.1	258.9	49.1	18.7	8.0	1.4	19.0
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		189.4	207.2	211.2	10.9	1.9	3.2	1.8	1.2
Coal	05-1		189.1	189.4	189.7	-0.4	0.2	0.8	-1.9	-0.9
Natural gas(3)	05-31		77.2	92.7	91.9	30.0	-0.9	48.9	-9.4	-0.9
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		93.5	109.9	133.9	15.1	21.8	6.6	3.2	21.8
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		101.1	126.8	142.0	-10.5	12.0	0.5	17.5	12.0
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Industrial chemicals	06-1		225.8	235.3	250.9	1.9	6.6	0.5	3.5	7.0
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		214.1	230.3	236.8	9.2	2.8	0.2	4.2	2.9
Plastic products(3)	07-2		206.4	208.9	210.9	1.6	1.0	0.3	0.4	1.0
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips(3)	08-5		239.2	245.0	255.6	8.2	4.3	-0.2	0.7	4.3
Paper(3)	09-13		195.4	195.5	196.7	-1.1	0.6	0.6	-1.2	0.6
Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard(3)	09-14-11	12/82	268.0	274.8	283.8	4.5	3.3	-0.1	2.2	3.3
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	179.7	179.9	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		421.2	536.1	646.3	50.8	20.6	0.9	25.8	20.6
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		177.7	191.1	201.1	7.4	5.2	2.8	3.7	5.2
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		207.5	216.0	222.7	6.5	3.1	0.6	4.4	3.1
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		117.8	117.7	117.8	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.5
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.6	64.0	64.1	-2.1	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.0
Stage 2 intermediate demand services		04/10	120.9	121.4	123.3	2.3	1.6	-0.4	0.4	1.1
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	128.6	129.5	-0.2	0.7	0.1	0.5	0.7
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	124.5	128.7	131.5	4.4	2.2	1.6	1.3	2.2
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products	30-15-01	12/08	166.6	166.6	166.9	3.6	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	237.5	238.2	237.5	2.3	-0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.2
Courier and messenger services, except air	30-16-02	04/09	168.0	168.2	176.1	4.7	4.7	0.2	0.4	0.9
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	180.7	182.2	191.5	2.5	5.1	0.5	1.5	1.3
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	96.4	91.5	92.2	-22.0	0.8	-6.5	-1.9	0.3
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	102.1	102.3	94.2	-12.5	-7.9	-7.9	-4.8	-7.9
Television advertising time sales	36-21	06/09	103.1	112.8	106.3	-1.5	-5.8	-2.7	2.4	-3.6
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.9	64.9	64.8	-0.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.2
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	104.6	104.7	104.4	1.5	-0.3	1.0	-1.0	-0.3
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	238.1	245.0	268.0	15.9	9.4	0.0	1.7	9.4
Investment banking(3)	40-31	12/08	208.5	209.2	211.4	7.9	1.1	4.1	-1.3	1.1
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.2	126.2	125.3	-0.4	-0.7	0.1	0.2	-1.3
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-11	06/09	108.8	108.9	109.0	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1
Legal services	45-1	03/09	142.5	141.3	143.1	3.4	1.3	0.4	0.3	-0.3
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	111.1	112.5	116.6	2.5	3.6	-0.7	0.0	3.2
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.5	107.8	108.2	-0.4	0.4	0.0	0.6	0.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.7	119.4	119.9	3.3	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.2
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	122.5	122.5	124.1	4.2	1.3	1.1	-1.2	1.3
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.5	112.4	112.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Traveler accommodation services	53-1	06/09	101.7	95.1	107.9	-9.4	13.5	0.3	-0.4	13.3
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.7	127.8	128.2	1.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	170.5	148.6	148.1	18.4	-0.3	-7.5	-7.8	0.1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		11/09	112.0	115.9	118.1	3.8	1.9	0.9	2.4	1.7
Stage 1 intermediate demand goods		04/10	92.7	98.6	101.0	6.1	2.4	1.9	4.0	2.3
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		189.4	207.2	211.2	10.9	1.9	3.2	1.8	1.2
Commercial electric power	05-42		211.4	194.3	198.2	1.8	2.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
Industrial electric power	05-43		256.2	232.7	234.9	0.9	0.9	0.5	-0.7	-0.9
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	185.6	202.2	205.6	5.4	1.7	4.5	-1.6	0.4
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	142.7	154.4	149.6	3.7	-3.1	11.5	-2.5	-4.1
Gasoline	05-71		131.5	138.2	158.2	-11.4	14.5	-0.3	13.5	13.6
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		177.5	224.7	234.2	9.2	4.2	7.1	11.1	7.6
Industrial chemicals	06-1		225.8	235.3	250.9	1.9	6.6	0.5	3.5	7.0
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		306.8	306.0	307.7	1.6	0.6	0.5	-0.5	0.6
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21		235.6	242.6	244.6	6.7	0.8	1.5	0.2	0.8
Recyclable paper(3)	09-12		244.1	276.3	297.1	97.1	7.5	-1.6	14.6	7.5
Paper(3)	09-13		195.4	195.5	196.7	-1.1	0.6	0.6	-1.2	0.6
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		241.3	242.5	244.1	1.0	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.7
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		421.2	536.1	646.3	50.8	20.6	0.9	25.8	20.6
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		177.7	191.1	201.1	7.4	5.2	2.8	3.7	5.2
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		199.8	217.2	213.3	13.9	-1.8	0.1	8.1	-1.8
Nonferrous scrap	10-23		409.4	440.2	469.1	24.0	6.6	1.7	2.9	6.2
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		252.4	264.3	270.3	9.6	2.3	1.2	3.1	2.3
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.9	243.3	245.0	3.2	0.7	0.1	1.7	0.5
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		251.3	252.8	254.3	2.0	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		366.2	366.8	375.0	4.4	2.2	0.7	0.5	0.7
Stage 1 intermediate demand services		04/10	122.4	122.6	124.5	1.2	1.5	-0.2	0.4	1.4
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	124.5	128.7	131.5	4.4	2.2	1.6	1.3	2.2
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	96.4	91.5	92.2	-22.0	0.8	-6.5	-1.9	0.3
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	101.0	102.0	100.2	-1.5	-1.8	1.3	-0.6	-1.8
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	101.8	102.0	102.0	-0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.9	64.9	64.8	-0.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.3	-0.2
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	114.4	114.4	114.6	1.1	0.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	174.3	172.8	188.1	-6.4	8.9	1.2	4.0	2.8
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	60.2	59.5	60.5	-9.7	1.7	1.1	-3.7	1.7
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	146.4	148.0	150.8	3.5	1.9	-2.3	0.6	1.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	238.1	245.0	268.0	15.9	9.4	0.0	1.7	9.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	208.5	209.2	211.4	7.9	1.1	4.1	-1.3	1.1
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.2	126.2	125.3	-0.4	-0.7	0.1	0.2	-1.3
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	123.6	122.7	121.5	1.4	-1.0	0.5	0.2	-1.0
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.7	118.8	119.9	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.9
Management consulting services	45-41	06/09	99.0	98.3	114.8	11.3	16.8	0.1	-0.2	16.1
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	136.4	137.2	138.1	2.8	0.7	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	101.7	95.1	107.9	-9.4	13.5	0.3	-0.4	13.3
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.7	127.8	128.2	1.4	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	137.4	146.4	146.2	9.1	-0.1	4.4	2.2	-0.1
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	106.0	106.1	105.6	1.5	-0.5	-4.4	4.6	0.7
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	167.9	190.5	212.3	29.1	11.4	1.4	7.0	11.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	116.7	116.2	113.4	2.8	-2.4	2.3	-0.1	-2.4
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	142.1	143.6	145.6	1.6	1.4	0.2	0.5	1.4
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	170.5	148.6	148.1	18.4	-0.3	-7.5	-7.8	0.1
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	217.5	215.7	216.3	-6.4	0.3	0.8	-0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 7. Producer price indexes for selected final demand and intermediate demand categories, seasonally adjusted [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Other index base	Index(1)
		Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021
Final demand		118.4	118.7	119.3	119.4	119.7	121.3
Final demand goods		113.5	113.9	114.6	115.0	116.2	117.8
Final demand foods		117.9	119.9	122.2	122.9	122.6	122.9
Final demand energy		91.5	91.2	91.9	93.1	97.7	102.7
Final demand goods less foods and energy		118.6	118.9	119.1	119.3	119.9	120.8
Final demand services		120.4	120.6	121.2	121.0	120.9	122.5
Final demand trade services		122.4	122.0	123.6	122.9	121.9	123.1
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		119.2	119.9	120.6	119.7	120.0	121.6
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		119.6	120.1	120.1	120.4	120.7	122.4
Intermediate demand by commodity type
Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	192.2	193.4	194.0	196.6	199.3	202.6
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	179.9	181.2	181.9	182.7	185.5	189.3
Materials and components for construction	00/82	258.8	263.2	263.2	262.4	264.6	268.6
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	158.2	157.8	158.0	167.6	172.2	175.5
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	235.2	235.5	235.9	236.5	237.2	241.1
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	201.3	202.5	203.5	204.6	205.6	207.4
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	164.8	173.3	173.9	186.7	190.9	198.1
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	154.6	163.6	164.6	171.2	172.0	169.9
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	211.4	215.0	221.9	225.4	244.5	268.8
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	91.7	103.3	95.7	126.3	117.3	116.2
Services for intermediate demand		121.6	122.9	123.6	123.5	124.0	125.6
Trade services for intermediate demand		132.0	134.1	135.0	135.4	136.4	137.9
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		126.7	127.9	129.5	128.8	128.8	129.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		118.0	119.0	119.5	119.4	119.9	121.7
Intermediate demand by production flow
Stage 4 intermediate demand		119.5	120.5	120.9	121.3	122.1	123.8
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		115.6	116.2	116.5	117.4	118.3	119.8
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		121.3	122.3	122.6	122.9	123.4	125.0
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		120.9	122.6	123.4	123.1	124.6	127.0
Stage 3 intermediate demand		113.0	114.0	114.1	115.2	117.1	118.5
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		115.7	117.0	116.7	118.7	120.7	121.8
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		111.3	112.0	112.5	112.7	114.4	115.9
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		105.7	104.1	107.7	109.7	114.8	117.9
Stage 2 intermediate demand		101.5	103.3	103.8	105.9	107.2	110.1
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		84.4	86.9	87.4	92.0	94.1	97.9
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		118.4	119.3	120.0	119.6	120.2	121.8
Stage 1 intermediate demand		110.4	111.8	112.6	113.6	116.3	118.3
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		104.1	106.2	106.9	108.7	112.8	116.1
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		115.3	115.6	116.5	117.1	118.5	119.8
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		123.0	125.6	126.3	125.6	126.2	127.7
Special groupings
Final demand less foods and energy	04/10	118.9	119.1	119.6	119.5	119.6	121.0
Final demand less foods	04/10	116.7	116.9	117.4	117.4	117.8	119.4
Final demand less energy	04/10	118.6	118.9	119.5	119.5	119.5	120.9
Total finished(2)	01/10	118.3	118.6	119.1	119.1	119.2	120.6
Total exports	04/10	112.3	113.2	114.0	114.3	115.6	118.2
Total Government purchases	04/10	111.3	111.3	111.7	112.1	113.0	114.4
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	117.0	116.8	117.6	116.9	117.1	118.0
Finished goods(2)	00/82	202.4	202.9	204.1	204.6	206.2	208.4
Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	192.2	193.4	193.9	196.2	199.2	202.8
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	192.5	193.7	196.3	201.0	201.5	201.7
Processed energy goods	00/82	159.0	158.5	158.8	168.4	173.0	176.4
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	198.6	200.2	200.7	201.0	203.4	207.0
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	164.7	171.8	171.2	189.8	195.3	206.9
Unprocessed energy materials	00/82	106.0	111.5	110.2	128.4	131.6	138.6
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy	00/82	343.7	358.6	363.6	372.4	389.0	423.7
Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	112.2	112.8	113.3	113.8	114.7	116.1
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	123.2	124.6	124.9	125.2	126.0	127.8
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	98.3	99.2	98.9	100.6	103.7	104.4
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	120.0	121.0	121.8	122.0	122.4	124.5
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	77.3	79.7	80.2	84.8	86.9	91.1
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	120.2	121.2	121.9	121.4	121.9	123.3
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	91.2	92.4	93.3	95.1	98.9	101.2
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	121.0	122.5	122.9	122.6	123.1	124.8
Footnotes (1) All seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change up to 5 years after original publication due to the recalculation of seasonal factors each January. The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. (2) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.

Table 8. Producer price indexes for selected commodity groupings, not seasonally adjusted [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]

Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Index			Percent change to Jan. 2021 from:
			Sept. 2020(1)	Dec. 2020(1)	Jan. 2021(1)	Jan. 2020	Dec. 2020
Goods
All commodities			195.5	200.6	204.3	2.5	1.8
Farm products, processed foods and feeds			192.5	200.0	201.4	2.2	0.7
Farm products	01		157.0	170.0	176.2	4.0	3.6
Processed foods and feeds	02		210.0	214.9	213.9	1.5	-0.5
Industrial commodities			195.6	200.2	204.5	2.6	2.1
Textile products and apparel	03		149.3	149.8	150.9	0.6	0.7
Hides, skins, leather, and related products	04		155.5	169.1	170.2	2.2	0.7
Fuels and related products and power	05		147.7	156.5	162.7	-0.6	4.0
Chemicals and allied products	06		279.4	286.2	294.9	2.9	3.0
Rubber and plastic products	07		193.6	195.8	197.7	1.4	1.0
Lumber and wood products	08		285.6	273.4	289.5	22.8	5.9
Pulp, paper, and allied products	09		261.4	264.4	267.1	4.0	1.0
Metals and metal products	10		221.4	231.4	239.6	9.0	3.5
Machinery and equipment	11		145.0	145.2	145.7	0.8	0.3
Furniture and household durables	12		179.9	180.4	181.2	2.1	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral products	13		257.7	258.4	262.6	2.1	1.6
Transportation equipment	14		183.7	185.3	185.8	1.4	0.3
Miscellaneous products	15		282.7	284.9	286.8	3.1	0.7
Industrial commodities less fuels			208.1	211.0	214.5	3.5	1.7
Other commodity groupings
Petroleum products, refined	057		144.4	164.7	179.2	-5.8	8.8
Industrial chemicals	061		225.8	235.3	250.9	1.9	6.6
Rubber and rubber products	071		177.7	179.5	181.1	0.9	0.9
Lumber	081		322.0	289.0	320.9	53.1	11.0
Iron and steel	101		205.2	226.6	245.1	15.6	8.2
Nonferrous metals	102		267.0	278.1	286.2	13.3	2.9
General purpose machinery and equipment	114		251.3	252.8	254.3	2.0	0.6
Electrical machinery and equipment	117		117.8	117.7	117.8	-0.2	0.1
Electronic components and accessories	1178		64.6	64.0	64.1	-2.1	0.2
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	142		281.5	281.8	282.4	1.3	0.2
Services and construction
Transportation services	30	06/09	127.7	128.4	130.5	-2.5	1.6
Services related to transportation activities	31	06/09	112.2	113.4	113.0	-2.2	-0.4
Warehousing, storage, and related activities	32	12/08	108.4	109.1	108.8	2.0	-0.3
Publishing sales, excluding software	33	06/09	127.4	127.8	130.9	5.6	2.4
Software publishing	34	06/09	94.0	94.3	93.1	1.9	-1.3
Network compensation from broadcast and cable television and radio	35	06/09	146.5	146.5	146.5	0.0	0.0
Advertising space and time sales	36	06/09	94.1	99.2	95.8	-2.1	-3.4
Telecommunication, cable, and internet user services	37	06/09	103.7	103.7	104.2	0.9	0.5
Data processing and related services	38	06/09	104.6	104.7	104.4	1.5	-0.3
Credit intermediation services (partial)	39	06/09	83.5	83.7	85.7	-5.5	2.4
Investment services	40	06/09	184.2	187.8	199.0	10.9	6.0
Insurance and annuities	41	06/09	124.5	124.6	123.8	-0.3	-0.6
Commissions and fees from sales and administration of insurance policies (partial)	42	06/09	108.8	108.9	109.0	0.6	0.1
Real estate services (partial)	43	06/09	130.7	131.3	131.2	2.7	-0.1
Rental and leasing of goods (partial)	44	06/09	92.5	90.7	90.8	-4.4	0.1
Professional services (partial)	45	06/09	121.3	121.3	126.4	3.9	4.2
Employment services	46	06/09	118.0	118.9	119.4	3.0	0.4
Travel arrangement services	47	06/09	96.4	97.0	97.1	-1.8	0.1
Selected security services (partial)	48	03/09	122.5	122.5	124.1	4.2	1.3
Cleaning and building maintenance services (partial)	49	03/09	112.5	112.4	112.4	-0.1	0.0
Waste collection and remediation services (partial)	50	12/08	136.4	137.2	138.1	2.8	0.7
Health care services	51	06/09	125.3	125.8	127.3	3.5	1.2
Accommodation services	53	06/09	101.7	95.1	107.9	-9.4	13.5
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)	54	06/09	121.4	120.7	120.3	-2.0	-0.3
Repair and maintenance services (partial)	55	06/09	133.2	133.6	134.2	1.3	0.4
Entertainment services (partial)	56	06/09	117.9	116.0	116.2	0.9	0.2
Wholesale trade services	57	06/09	124.3	126.3	127.7	3.7	1.1
Retail trade services	58	06/09	126.1	123.5	124.2	4.0	0.6
Metal treatment services	59	12/84	188.7	189.9	191.8	1.1	1.0
Mining services	60	06/85	217.5	215.7	216.3	-6.4	0.3
Contract work on textile products, apparel, and leather	61	06/10	120.9	120.9	121.4	2.6	0.4
Construction (partial)	80	06/09	124.9	125.0	125.1	0.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes for September 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.