Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                          USDL-13-0282
8:30 a.m. (EST), Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Technical information:      (202) 691-7705  *  ppi-info@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact:              (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov                                    

             
                                PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES - JANUARY 2013


The Producer Price Index for finished goods advanced 0.2 percent in January, seasonally 
adjusted, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Prices for finished goods declined 
0.3 percent in December and 0.4 percent in November. At the earlier stages of processing, the 
index for intermediate goods was unchanged in January, and crude goods prices increased 0.8 
percent. On an unadjusted basis, the finished goods index advanced 1.4 percent for the 12 
months ended January 2013. (See table A.)

Stage-of-Processing Analysis

Finished goods

In January, over three quarters of the rise in finished goods prices can be attributed to the index 
for finished consumer foods, which advanced 0.7 percent. Also contributing to the increase in 
finished goods prices, the index for finished goods less foods and energy rose 0.2 percent. By 
contrast, prices for finished energy goods fell 0.4 percent.

Finished foods:  The index for finished consumer foods rose 0.7 percent in January after a 0.8-
percent decline in December. This advance was led by a 39.0-percent jump in prices for fresh and 
dry vegetables. Increases in the indexes for soft drinks and for candy and nuts also contributed 
to higher prices for finished consumer foods. (See table 2.)

Finished core:  Prices for finished goods less foods and energy moved up 0.2 percent in January, 
the third straight increase. Most of the January advance can be traced to a 2.5-percent rise in the 
index for pharmaceutical preparations. Higher prices for communication and related equipment 
also contributed to the increase in the finished core index.

Finished energy:  The index for finished energy goods moved down 0.4 percent in January, the 
fourth straight decrease. The January decline is mostly attributable to prices for gasoline, which 
fell 2.1 percent.

Intermediate goods

The Producer Price Index for intermediate materials, supplies, and components was unchanged in 
January after edging up 0.1 percent in December. In January, a 0.3-percent rise in prices for 
intermediate goods less foods and energy offset declines of 1.3 percent for the intermediate 
foods and feeds index and 0.3 percent for intermediate energy goods prices. For the 12 months 
ended in January, the intermediate goods index increased 0.4 percent. (See table B.)

Intermediate core:  Prices for intermediate goods less foods and energy moved up 0.3 percent in 
January, the same as in December. About thirty percent of the January rise can be traced to the 
index for primary basic organic chemicals, which climbed 2.0 percent. Higher prices for 
thermoplastic resins and materials and for lumber also contributed to the increase in the 
intermediate core index. (See table 2.)

Intermediate foods:  The index for intermediate foods and feeds fell 1.3 percent in January, the 
largest decrease since a 1.3-percent drop in October 2011. Over half of the January decline is 
attributable to prices for prepared animal feeds, which moved down 3.1 percent. A decrease in 
the index for processed eggs also was a factor in the decline in the intermediate foods index.

Intermediate energy:  Prices for intermediate energy goods fell 0.3 percent in January after no 
change in December. Leading this decline, the index for industrial electric power decreased 6.5 
percent.

Crude goods

The Producer Price Index for crude materials for further processing moved up 0.8 percent in 
January. For the 3 months ended in January, crude materials prices rose 2.6 percent following a 
6.4-percent advance from July to October. The January monthly increase is attributable to the 
crude energy materials index, which climbed 2.3 percent. By contrast, prices for crude foodstuffs 
and feedstuffs and for crude nonfood materials less energy declined 0.4 percent and 0.3 percent, 
respectively. (See table B.) 

Crude energy:  The index for crude energy materials increased 2.3 percent in January. For the 3-
month period ended in January, prices for crude energy materials moved up 4.7 percent 
subsequent to a 9.5- percent jump for the 3 months ended October 2012. In January, the monthly 
advance in the crude energy index was the result of prices for crude petroleum, which climbed 
8.1 percent. (See table 2.)

Crude foods:  The index for crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs moved down 0.4 percent in 
January. From October to January, prices for crude foods rose 0.7 percent after increasing 6.4 
percent in the 3 months ended October 2012. Leading the January monthly decline, the oilseeds 
index fell 7.0 percent. Lower prices for corn also were a factor in the decrease in the crude 
foodstuffs and feedstuffs index. 

Crude core:  The index for crude nonfood materials less energy declined 0.3 percent in January. 
For the 3 months ended in January, crude core prices moved up 2.4 percent following a 1.8-
percent rise from July to October. Leading the January monthly decrease, the index for 
nonferrous scrap moved down 2.3 percent. Lower prices for gold ores also contributed to the 
decline in the crude core index.

Services Analysis

Trade industries:  The Producer Price Index for the net output of total trade industries declined 
1.1 percent in January, the largest decrease since a 1.4-percent drop in June 2010. (Trade indexes 
measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) Most of the January decline 
can be traced to a 22.2-percent drop in margins received by clothing stores. Lower margins 
received by gasoline stations and discount department stores also were factors in the decrease in 
the total trade industries index.

Transportation and warehousing industries:  The Producer Price Index for the net output of 
transportation and warehousing industries jumped 1.0 percent in January, the largest advance 
since a 1.0-percent climb in March 2012. Leading the January rise was the index for couriers and 
express delivery services, which increased 5.0 percent. Higher prices received by the scheduled 
air transportation industry group and line-haul railroads also contributed to the advance in the 
transportation and warehousing industries index.

Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing:  The Producer Price Index for the net 
output of services less trade, transportation, and warehousing moved up 0.5 percent in January 
after decreasing 0.3 percent in December. Over twenty percent of the January advance can be 
attributed to a 1.4-percent rise in prices received by the depository credit intermediation industry 
group. Increases in the indexes for offices of lawyers and portfolio management also were factors 
in the gain in the services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index.
____________
The Producer Price Index for February 2013 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, 
March 14, 2013 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

                                                  *****


                                         Resampling of Industries

Effective with this release, the Producer Price Index (PPI) includes data for 37 resampled 
industries and 1 newly introduced industry classified according to the 2012 North American 
Industry Classification System (NAICS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics periodically updates the 
sample of producers providing data for the PPI to reflect current conditions more accurately 
when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an industry shifts. The first 
results of this systematic process were published in July 1986. Subsequent efforts have been 
completed at 6-month intervals.  
      
Industries selected for resampling in January 2013 are noted below. For information on specific 
index additions, deletions, and recodes effective this month, see the January 2013 issue of the 
PPI Detailed Report online at www.bls.gov/ppi/ppidr201301.pdf, or contact the PPI Section of 
Index Analysis and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705.

NAICS
Code                    Industry
212210        Iron ore mining
212321        Construction sand and gravel mining
212322        Industrial sand mining
212393        Other chemical and fertilizer mineral mining
213113        Support activities for coal mining
236224        New health care building construction*
311412        Frozen specialty food manufacturing
311511        Fluid milk manufacturing
311941        Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing
321211        Hardwood veneer and plywood manufacturing
321912        Cut stock, resawing lumber, and planing
324122        Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
325510        Paint and coating manufacturing
325992        Photographic film and chemical manufacturing
326140        Polystyrene foam product manufacturing
326150        Urethane and other foam product manufacturing
327213        Glass container manufacturing
331318        Other aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding
331410        Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) smelting and refining
331513        Steel foundries, except investment
332991        Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
333241        Food product machinery manufacturing
333613        Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing
334418        Printed circuit assembly manufacturing
334419        Other electronic component manufacturing
335991        Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
336390        Other motor vehicle parts manufacturing
337110        Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
337214        Office furniture, except wood, manufacturing
339114        Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
447110        Gasoline stations with convenience stores
454310        Fuel dealers
486110        Pipeline transportation of crude oil
486910        Refined petroleum product pipeline transportation
491110        U.S. Postal Service
511140        Directory and mailing list publishers
511199        All other publishers
621610        Home health care services

* For further discussion of this newly introduced PPI, see the January 2013 issue of the PPI 
Detailed Report online at www.bls.gov/ppi/ppidr201301.pdf.

                                                *****


                              Recalculation of Seasonal Adjustment Factors

Effective with this release, seasonal adjustment factors have been recalculated to reflect price-
movement patterns during 2012 for stage-of-processing (SOP) and commodity-grouping indexes. 
This routine annual recalculation may affect previously published seasonally adjusted indexes 
and percent changes for January 2008 through December 2012. Revised seasonally adjusted data 
for this period, as well as seasonal adjustment factors for commodity indexes to be used through 
December 2013, were released February 15, 2013. To obtain this information, contact the PPI 
Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at ppi-info@bls.gov or (202) 691-7705, or visit 
the Producer Price Index homepage at www.bls.gov/ppi.

The table below provides monthly seasonally adjusted percent changes for the three major SOP 
categories during 2012, based on former and recalculated seasonal factors. These percent changes 
include final price data through August 2012 and may differ from values shown in tables A and 
B of this release, which include final price data through September 2012.


Over-the-month percent changes in major stage-of-processing indexes, 
seasonally adjusted, using former and recalculated seasonal factors for 2012

                Finished Goods       Intermediate Goods      Crude Goods     
Month         Former  Recalculated  Former  Recalculated  Former  Recalculated

January         0.3        0.1        0.0       -0.1        1.1        0.6
February         .4         .3         .7         .5         .9         .4
March           -.2         .1         .8        1.0       -2.7       -1.6
April           -.3        -.2        -.6        -.5       -4.5       -3.8
May            -1.0        -.6       -1.0        -.8       -3.5       -1.9
June             .2         .1        -.8        -.7       -3.4       -2.9
July             .3         .4        -.4        -.4        2.3        2.8
August          1.6        1.0        1.1        1.0        5.6        4.7
September       1.2        1.0        1.5        1.2        2.6        1.4
October         -.2        -.2        -.1        -.1         .9         .2
November        -.8        -.4       -1.2        -.9         .1         .4
December        -.2        -.3         .3         .1        2.5        1.4

Technical Note

               Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes

     The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
is a family of indexes that measure the average change over time in the
prices received by domestic producers of goods and services.  PPIs measure
price change from the perspective of the seller.  This contrasts with other
measures, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  CPIs measure price
change from the purchaser's perspective.  Sellers' and purchasers' prices
can differ due to government subsidies, sales and excise taxes, and
distribution costs.

     More than 9,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products
are released each month.  PPIs are available for the products of virtually
every industry in the mining and manufacturing sectors of the U.S. economy.
New PPIs are gradually being introduced for the products of industries in
the construction, trade, finance, and services sectors of the economy.

     More than 100,000 price quotations per month are organized into three
sets of PPIs:  (1) Stage-of-processing indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and
(3) indexes for the net output of industries and their products.  The stage-
of-processing structure organizes products by class of buyer and degree of
fabrication.  The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of
end use or material composition.  The entire output of various industries
is sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of industries and
their products.
     
                        Stage-of-Processing Indexes
                                     
     Within the stage-of-processing system, finished goods are commodities
that will not undergo further processing and are ready for sale to the
final-demand user, either an individual consumer or business firm.
Consumer foods include unprocessed foods such as eggs and fresh vegetables,
as well as processed foods such as bakery products and meats.  Other
finished consumer goods include durable goods such as automobiles,
household furniture, and appliances, as well as nondurable goods such as
apparel and home heating oil.  Capital equipment includes durable goods
such as heavy motor trucks, tractors, and machine tools.

     The stage-of-processing category for intermediate materials, supplies,
and components consists partly of commodities that have been processed but
require further processing.  Examples of such semifinished goods include
flour, cotton yarn, steel mill products, and lumber.  The intermediate
goods category also encompasses nondurable, physically complete items
purchased by business firms as inputs for their operations.  Examples
include diesel fuel, belts and belting, paper boxes, and fertilizers.

     Crude materials for further processing are products entering the
market for the first time that have not been manufactured or fabricated and
that are not sold directly to consumers.  Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs
include items such as grains and livestock.  Examples of crude nonfood
materials include raw cotton, crude petroleum, coal, hides and skins, and
iron and steel scrap.
                                     
                             Commodity Indexes

     The commodity classification structure of the PPI organizes goods and 
services by similarity of material composition or end use, disregarding 
their industry of origin.  Table 6 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data 
for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major 
commodity groupings (two-digit commodity codes),  subgroups (three-digit 
codes), product classes (four-digit codes), subproduct classes (five- and 
six-digit codes), item groupings (seven-digit codes) and individual items 
(eight-, nine-, and ten-digit codes). 
                                     
                     Industry Net-Output Price Indexes
                                     
     PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped
according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Prior to the release of January 2004, industry-based PPIs were published
according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.  Industry
price indexes are compatible with other economic time series organized by
industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity.  Table 5 of
the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry
groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-
digit codes), products (9-digit codes), and more detailed subproducts (11-
digit codes), and, for some industries, indexes for other sources of
revenue.

     Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories.  Every
industry has primary product indexes to show changes in prices received by
establishments classified in the industry for products made primarily, but
not necessarily exclusively, by that industry.  The industry classification
of an establishment is determined by which products make up a plurality of
its total shipment value.  In addition, most industries have secondary
product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments
classified in the industry for products chiefly made in some other
industry.  Finally, some industries have miscellaneous receipts indexes to
show price changes in other sources of revenue received by establishments
within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products-for
example, resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots
owned by a manufacturing plant.
                                     
                              Data Collection
                                     
     PPIs are based on selling prices reported by establishments of all
sizes selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection
proportionate to size.  Individual items and transaction terms from these
firms also are chosen by probability proportionate to size.  BLS strongly
encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at the
time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices.  Prices submitted by
survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the
13th day of the month.  This survey is conducted via mail, fax, and the Internet.

     Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only
sworn BLS employees are allowed access to individual company price reports.
BLS publishes price indexes instead of actual prices.  All PPIs are subject
to revision 4 months after original publication to reflect the availability
of late reports and corrections by respondents.

     BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to
better reflect current conditions when the structure, membership,
technology, or product mix of an industry shifts significantly and to
spread reporting burden among smaller firms.  Results of these resampling
efforts are incorporated into the PPI with the release of data for January
and July.

     As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the
economy other than mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of
service sector industries have been introduced into the PPI.  The following
list of industries introduced since the mid-1990s includes the month and year in which
an article describing the industry's content appeared in the PPI Detailed
Report.

                                                                      PPI
                                                                      Detailed
                                                                      Report
              Title                                           Code    Issue

                                                              SIC             
Wireless telecommunications...................................4812    July 1999
Telephone communications, except radio telephone..............4813    July 1995
Television broadcasting.......................................4833    July 2002
Grocery stores................................................5411    July 2000
Meat and fish (seafood) markets...............................5421    July 2000
Fruit and vegetable markets...................................5431    July 2000
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores..........................5441    July 2000
Retail bakeries...............................................5461    July 2000
Miscellaneous food stores.....................................5499    July 2000
New car dealers...............................................5511    July 2000
Gasoline service stations.....................................5541    January 2002
Boat dealers..................................................5551    January 2002
Recreational vehicle dealers..................................5561    January 2002
Miscellaneous retail..........................................59      January 2001
Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers.............6211    January 2001
Investment advice.............................................6282    January 2003
Life insurance carriers.......................................6311    January 1999
Property and casualty insurance...............................6331    July 1998
Insurance agencies and brokerages.............................6412    January 2003
Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings.............6512    January 1996
Real estate agents and managers...............................6531    January 1996
Prepackaged software..........................................7372    January 1998
Data processing services......................................7374    January 2002
Home health care services.....................................8082    January 1997
Legal services................................................8111    January 1997
Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services.........8711    January 1997
Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services.......8712    January 1997
Premiums for property and casualty insurance..................9331    July 1998
                                                         
                                                              NAICS            
New industrial building construction..........................236211  January 2008
New warehouse building construction...........................236221  July 2005
New school construction.......................................236222  July 2006
New office construction.......................................236223  January 2007
Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work............23811X  July 2008
Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work.............23816X  July 2008
Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work..........23821X  July 2008
Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work.....23822X  July 2008
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods...........................423     July 2005
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods........................424     July 2005
Wholesale trade agents and brokers............................425120  July 2005
Furniture and home furnishings stores.........................442     January 2004
Electronics and appliance stores..............................443     January 2004
Building  material and garden equipment and supplies dealers..444     January 2004
Clothing and clothing accessories stores......................448     January 2004
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.................451     January 2004
General merchandise stores....................................452     January 2004
Miscellaneous store retailers.................................453     January 2004
Internet service providers....................................518111  July 2005
Internet publishing and web search portals....................519130  January 2010
Commercial banking............................................522110  January 2005
Savings institutions..........................................522120  January 2005
Direct health and medical insurance carriers..................524114  July 2004
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment 
rental and leasing............................................532412  January 2005
Management consulting services................................541610  January 2007
Security guards and patrol services...........................561612  July 2005
Computer training.............................................611420  July 2007
Offices of dentists...........................................621210  January 2011
Blood and organ banks.........................................621991  January 2007
Amusement and theme parks.....................................713110  July 2006
Golf courses and country clubs................................713910  July 2006
Fitness and recreational sports centers.......................713940  July 2005
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance...................811310  July 2007
                                     
                                  Weights

     Weights for most traditional commodity groupings of the PPI, as well
as weights for commodity-based aggregate indexes calculated using traditional 
commodity groupings, such as stage-of-processing indexes, currently reflect
2007 values of shipments as reported in the Census of Manufactures and 
other sources. From January 2007 through December 2011, PPI weights were 
derived from 2002 shipment values.  Industry indexes now are calculated 
under the 2012 NAICS structure utilizing with 2007 value of shipment weights and 
2002 net output ratios.  The periodic update of the value weights used to calculate 
the PPI is done to more accurately reflect changes in production and marketing 
patterns in the economy.  Net output values of shipments are used as weights for 
industry indexes.  Net output values refer to the value of shipments from 
establishments within the industry to buyers outside the industry.  However, 
weights for commodity price indexes are based on gross shipment values, including 
values of shipments between establishments within the same industry.  As a result, 
broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is 
comprised of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple 
counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to 
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation.  Stage-of-processing indexes 
partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes consistently correct for 
this at all levels of aggregation.  Therefore, industry and stage-of-processing
indexes are more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for economic
analysis of general price trends.
     
                        Price Index Reference Base
                                     
     Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI
series (including stage-of-processing groupings and most commodity groups
and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 = 100.
From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was
1967 = 100.  Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new
reference base did not alter any previously published percent changes for
affected PPI series.  (See "Calculating Index Changes," below.)  The 1982
reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base later than
December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products.

     For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of
the Producer Price Index, see chapter 14, "Producer Prices," in BLS
Handbook of Methods (July 2010).  This document can be
downloaded from the BLS Web site at (www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm).

                         Calculating Index Changes
                                     
     Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals
100.0.  An increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the
Finished Goods Price Index, for example, is shown as 105.5.  This change
also can be expressed in dollars, as follows:  prices received by domestic
producers of a sample of finished goods have risen from $100 in 1982 to
$105.50.  Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would indicate that prices
received by producers of finished goods are 10 percent lower than they were
in 1982.

     Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually
expressed as percent changes, rather than as changes in index points.
Index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to
its base period, whereas percent changes are not.  The following example
shows the computation of index point and percent changes.
     
          Index point change
     Finished Goods Price Index        107.5
     Less previous index               104.0
     Equals index point change           3.5

          Index percent change
     Index point change 3.5
     Divided by the previous index     104.0
     Equals                              0.034
     Result multiplied by 100            0.034 x 100
     Equals percent change               3.4


                  Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

     Because price data are used for different purposes by different
groups, BLS publishes seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each
month.  Seasonally adjusted data are preferred for analyzing general price
trends in the economy because these data eliminate the effect of changes
that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same
magnitude, every year-such as price movements resulting from normal weather
patterns, regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers,
seasonal discounts, and holidays.  For these reasons, seasonally adjusted
data more clearly reveal underlying cyclical trends.  Unadjusted data are
of primary interest to users who need information that can be related to
actual dollar values of transactions.  Individuals requiring this
information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and
cost analysts, contract specialists, and commodity traders.  It is the
unadjusted data that are generally cited when escalating long-term
contracts such as purchasing agreements or real estate leases.  For more
information, see Escalation and Producer Price Indexes: A Guide for
Contracting Parties, BLS Report 807, September 1991, on the Web at
(www.bls.gov/ppi/ppiescalation.htm).  

     In 1998, the PPI implemented the X-12-ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment
Method; prior to that year, the PPI employed the X-11 method.  Each year,
the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is reevaluated to reflect
more recent price behavior.  Industry net output indexes are not seasonally
adjusted.  For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new
seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data for the
previous 5 years.  These updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the
most recent 5 years of seasonal data.

     Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an
aggregative method.  Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted
using direct seasonal adjustment, which produces a more complete
elimination of seasonal movements than does the aggregative method.
However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield figures that
possess additive consistency.  Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a
broad category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent
with all seasonally adjusted indexes for its components.  Seasonal
movements for stage-of-processing indexes are derived indirectly through an
aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of subproduct
class (six-digit) series.

     Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously
stable and predictable price patterns abruptly change.  If the new pattern
persists, the seasonal adjustment method will eventually reflect it
adequately; if the pattern keeps shifting, however, seasonally adjusted
data will become chronically troublesome.  This problem occurs relatively
infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often
affected manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.

     Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal
Adjustment methods to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors.  With
this technique, outlier values that may distort the seasonal pattern are
removed from the data prior to applying the standard seasonal factor
estimation procedure.  For example, a possible economic cause for large
price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the Persian
Gulf War.  In this case, intervention techniques allowed for better
estimates of seasonally adjusted data.  On the whole, very few series have
required intervention.  Out of over 300 seasonally adjusted series, only
27 were subject to intervention in 2011.

     For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see (1)
"Appendix A: Seasonal Adjustment Methodology at BLS," in the BLS Handbook
of Methods (July 2010) and (2) "Summary of Changes to the
PPI's Seasonal Adjustment Methodology" in the January 1995 issue of
Producer Price Indexes.

                 Producer Price Index Data on the Internet

     In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and
technical information to both a World Wide Web (WWW) site and a file
transfer protocol (FTP) site.  During the years following the introduction
of PPI Internet services, use of these sites eclipsed more traditional
methods of data dissemination, such as subscriptions to the PPI Detailed
Report.  There were more than 2.1 million instances of PPI series being
downloaded from the Internet during the 12 months ended December 31, 2008.

                 Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site
                                     
     PPI data can be obtained from the WWW address (www.bls.gov/ppi).
Clicking on the "PPI Databases" link reveals the following methods of data 
retrieval:
     
     Top picks is a form-based application for both industry Data and 
Commodity Data that allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data 
by selecting the most commonly requested time series, including the All 
Commodities Index and the stage-of-processing indexes (for example, Finished 
Goods).  Within each list, any one-or all-of the time series shown can be 
selected.  A user can modify the date range and output options after executing 
the query, using the reformat button above the data output table.

     One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query 
applications for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users 
unfamiliar with the PPI coding structure.  These applications guide a user 
through the PPI classification system by listing index titles and does not 
require knowledge of commodity or industry codes.  Data retrieved are based on 
a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists provided.  Two 
options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user's browser 
capability.  The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a 
single screen to guide a user through the available time series data.  The 
second option is a multiple-screen, non-Java-based application.  Both methods 
allow a user to browse the PPI coding structure and select multiple series codes.  
Users can modify the date range and output options after executing the query 
using the reformat button above the data output table.

     Series Report is a form-based application that uses formatted PPI time
series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as input in extracting
data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options.  This
application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar
with the format of PPI time series identifiers.  Up to 300 indexes can be
extracted at a time.

     There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique PPI time
series identifiers:  WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND.  Each provides the user access
to a different PPI database.  Adding either a "u" (not seasonally adjusted)
or an "s" (seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further
specifies the type of data needed.

     For commodity and stage-of-processing indexes, series identifiers
combine a "wpu" prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a "wps" prefix
(seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.
  
Commodity code            Provides data for:
wps141101                 Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
wpu141101                 Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted
wpusop3000                Finished goods, not seasonally adjusted
     
     For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a "wdu"
prefix (not seasonally adjusted) or a "wds" prefix (seasonally adjusted)
with a commodity code.
     
Commodity code            Provides data for:
wds019                    Other farm products, seasonally adjusted
wdu0635                   Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally
                          adjusted
wdusi138011               Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted
     
     Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series 
identifiers that begin with the prefix "pcu." After the prefix, there are 12 
digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 
alphanumeric characters identifying product detail.  Dashes are used as 
placeholders for higher-level industry group codes.

Industry-product code,
current NAICS series       Provides data for:
pcu325---325---            Chemical manufacturing, not seasonally
                           adjusted
pcu336110336110            Automobile and light duty motor vehicle
                           manufacturing
pcu621111621111411         Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and
                           single-specialty group practices, general/family practice
pcu325412325412A           Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing, pharmaceuticals 
                           acting on the respiratory system                    
  
     Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a "pdu"
prefix and "#" between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code.
Series identifiers for the discontinued dataset use underscores as
placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC industry group code of fewer
than four digits.  (All PPI industry-based indexes organized by SIC were
discontinued with the introduction of NAICS.)
  
Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series    Provides data for:
pdu28__#                   Chemicals and allied products, not seasonally adjusted
pdu331_#                   Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and
                           finishing mills, not seasonally adjusted
pdu3711#111                Passenger cars
  
     Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to
NAICS have series identifiers that begin with the prefix "ndu." After the
prefix, there are 12 numeric digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed
twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric characters that identify
product detail.  Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry
group codes.
  
Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series  Provides data for:
ndu212231212231            Lead ore and zinc ore mining
ndu2122312122312           Lead and zinc concentrates
ndu212231212231214         Lead concentrates

     Text Files (FTP) and the FTP server are best suited for users requiring
access to either a large volume of time series data or other PPI-related
documentation (such as seasonal factor and relative importance tables).
The FTP site can be accessed at ftp://ftp.bls.gov or directly from the
links on the "PPI Databases" page or the PPI homepage.  Data and
documentation available for download include the following:

                                      Directory:
Industry Data                         /pub/time.series/pc
Industry Data - Discontinued           
		NAICS basis	      /pub/time.series/nd
		SIC basis             /pub/time.series/pd
Commodity Data                        /pub/time.series/wp
Commodity Data, Discontinued        
                Series                /pub/time.series/wd
Special requests                      /pub/special.requests/ppi
Latest news release                   /pub/news.release/ppi.txt

     The FTP site maintains files to help with searches and downloads.
These files are centrally located in the /pub/doc directory.  Within this
directory, the overview.txt file contains an overview relating to all BLS
data available through the FTP site.  For current commodity-based PPI data,
the program help file is wp.txt; for discontinued commodity series, wd.txt;
for current industry-based PPI data based on NAICS, pc.txt; for industry-
based SIC time series that have been discontinued, pd.txt; and for industry-
based NAICS series that have been discontinued, nd.txt.
      
     Users who prefer downloading PPI datasets as individual ZIP files
should go to the directory labeled /pub/time.series/compressed/tape.format/
on the FTP site.  This directory includes six PPI-specific ZIP files, one
for each of the PPI databases-WP, WD, PC, ND, and PD-and a ZIP file for the
annual 5-year revision to historical seasonal PPIs.
                                     
                         Other Sources of PPI Data

     PPI data can also be accessed via the BLS homepage (www.bls.gov).
Clicking on the "Databases & Tools" link at the top of the homepage
calls up a chart listing all available BLS programs.  

                          Additional information

     The PPI homepage (www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information
regarding PPI data and methodology.  The top section of the homepage
provides PPI news releases, both current and archived, as well as general
PPI information.  The "Tables Created by BLS" section found beneath the
statistics section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables.
The remaining sections offer special notices and publications pertaining to
PPI methodology and applications.
     
     For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification,
methodology, or data availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the
Section of Index Analysis and Public Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-
info@bls.gov.