Producer Price Index News Release

Producer Price Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 20-1927
8:30 a.m. (ET), Wednesday, October 14, 2020

Technical information: (202) 691-7705 * ppi-info@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ppi
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2020

The Producer Price Index for final demand advanced 0.4 percent in September, seasonally
adjusted, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Final demand prices rose 0.3
percent in August and 0.6 percent in July. (See table A). On an unadjusted basis, the final
demand index increased 0.4 percent for the 12 months ended in September, the first advance
since moving up 0.3 percent for the 12 months ended in March.

In September, nearly two-thirds of the rise in prices for final demand is attributable to a 0.4-
percent increase in the index for final demand services. Prices for final demand goods also
moved up 0.4 percent.

The index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services advanced 0.4 percent in
September, the largest increase since rising 0.4 percent in April 2019. For the 12 months ended
in September, prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services moved up 0.7
percent, the largest advance since increasing 1.0 percent for the 12 months ended in March.

Final Demand

Final demand services: The index for final demand services rose 0.4 percent in September, the third
consecutive advance. Over 80 percent of the broad-based September increase can be traced to prices
for final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, which climbed 0.5 percent. The
indexes for final demand trade services and for final demand transportation and warehousing services
also moved higher, rising 0.2 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. (Trade indexes measure changes
in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.)

Product detail: A 3.9-percent advance in the index for traveler accommodation services was a major
factor in the September rise in prices for final demand services. The indexes for hardware, building
materials, and supplies retailing; fuels and lubricants retailing; transportation of passengers (partial);
food wholesaling; and hospital inpatient care also moved higher. In contrast, the index for food
retailing fell 3.2 percent. Prices for truck transportation of freight and deposit services (partial) also
decreased. (See table 4.)

Final demand goods: The index for final demand goods increased 0.4 percent in September, the
fifth consecutive rise. Nearly two-thirds of the September advance is attributable to prices for final
demand goods less foods and energy, which climbed 0.4 percent. The index for final demand foods
jumped 1.2 percent. Conversely, prices for final demand energy declined 0.3 percent.

Product detail: A 14.7-percent rise in prices for iron and steel scrap was a major factor in the
September advance in the index for final demand goods. Prices for fresh and dry vegetables,
residential electric power, corn, beef and veal, and oilseeds also moved higher. In contrast, the
gasoline index fell 2.8 percent. Prices for natural, processed, and imitation cheese and for household
refrigeration equipment also decreased.

Table A. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected final demand price indexes, seasonally adjusted
Month	Total final demand	Final demand less foods, energy, and trade	Final demand goods				Final demand services				Change in final demand from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Change in final demand less foods, energy, and trade from 12 mo. ago (unadj.)
Month	Total final demand	Final demand less foods, energy, and trade	Total	Foods	Energy	Less foods and energy	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other	Change in final demand from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2019
Sept.	-0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.4	-1.4	-0.1	-0.3	-0.9	-0.2	0.0	1.5	1.7
Oct.	0.3	0.0	0.5	1.4	1.8	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.0	1.0	1.5
Nov.	-0.1	0.1	0.3	1.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.3	-1.2	-0.2	0.1	1.0	1.4
Dec.	0.3	0.2	0.2	-0.2	1.1	0.0	0.3	0.6	1.6	0.1	1.4	1.5
2020
Jan.	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	-1.3	0.5	2.0	1.5
Feb.	-0.5	-0.1	-0.9	-1.8	-3.9	0.1	-0.3	-0.7	-0.2	-0.3	1.1	1.4
Mar.	-0.4	-0.2	-1.5	-0.1	-9.1	0.0	0.1	0.9	-2.9	0.1	0.3	1.0
Apr.	-1.3	-0.8	-3.0	-0.5	-18.2	-0.3	-0.4	0.9	-3.4	-0.8	-1.5	-0.1
May(1)	0.5	0.2	1.5	5.6	4.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	1.4	0.1	-1.1	-0.2
June(1)	0.1	0.1	0.4	-4.9	9.7	0.1	-0.2	-0.7	0.3	0.1	-0.8	-0.1
July	0.6	0.3	0.8	-0.5	5.3	0.3	0.5	0.8	-0.8	0.4	-0.4	0.1
Aug.	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.3	0.5	1.2	0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.3
Sept.	0.4	0.4	0.4	1.2	-0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.7
Footnotes (1) Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because data for May 2020 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents.

Intermediate Demand by Commodity Type

Within intermediate demand in September, prices for processed goods rose 1.0 percent, the index for
unprocessed goods increased 3.9 percent, and prices for services advanced 1.0 percent. (See tables B
and C.)

Processed goods for intermediate demand: The index for processed goods for intermediate
demand rose 1.0 percent in September, the fourth consecutive increase. Most of the September
advance can be traced to prices for processed materials less foods and energy, which climbed 1.3
percent. The index for processed energy goods moved up 0.2 percent. Prices for processed foods and
feeds were unchanged. For the 12 months ended in September, the index for processed goods for
intermediate demand decreased 1.5 percent.

Product detail: One-fourth of the September increase in prices for processed goods for intermediate
demand is attributable to the index for lumber, which jumped 21.4 percent. Prices for primary basic
organic chemicals, electric power, utility natural gas, particleboard and fiberboard, and prepared
animal feeds also advanced. Conversely, the index for diesel fuel declined 4.9 percent. Prices for
natural, processed, and imitation cheese and for cyclic intermediate chemicals and dyes also fell. (See
table 5.)

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand: The index for unprocessed goods for intermediate
demand climbed 3.9 percent in September following a 7.0-percent increase in August. Nearly 60
percent of the September advance can be traced to a 5.6-percent rise in prices for unprocessed
foodstuffs and feedstuffs. The index for unprocessed nonfood materials less energy jumped 7.2
percent. In contrast, the index for unprocessed energy materials decreased 0.7 percent. For the 12
months ended in September, prices for unprocessed goods for intermediate demand fell 5.4 percent.

Product detail: One-third of the September increase in the index for unprocessed goods for
intermediate demand can be attributed to a 55.9-percent jump in prices for slaughter barrows and
gilts. The indexes for natural gas, corn, oilseeds, iron and steel, and nonferrous metal ores also
moved higher. Conversely, prices for crude petroleum decreased 9.8 percent. The indexes for raw
milk and high grade recyclable paper also fell.

Table B. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for goods by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month	Processed goods for intermediate demand					Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand
Month	Total	Foods and feeds	Energy goods	Less foods and energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)	Total	Foodstuffs and feedstuffs	Energy materials	Nonfood materials less energy	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2019
Sept.	-0.1	0.8	-0.5	-0.2	-3.5	0.0	-0.9	1.5	-0.9	-8.9
Oct.	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3	-3.8	0.3	5.4	-4.1	-0.8	-11.2
Nov.	0.2	1.4	1.4	-0.2	-2.9	3.1	0.6	7.8	-0.1	-5.1
Dec.	-0.1	0.0	0.5	-0.2	-1.7	1.2	0.5	0.8	3.1	-7.3
2020
Jan.	-0.2	-0.2	-1.0	0.1	-1.0	-1.1	0.2	-5.9	5.0	-3.7
Feb.	-0.9	-0.8	-4.0	-0.1	-2.0	-6.7	-4.9	-12.2	-1.4	-7.8
Mar.	-1.5	-0.7	-7.4	-0.2	-4.0	-8.5	-4.3	-20.0	1.2	-15.6
Apr.	-3.6	-0.1	-14.7	-1.5	-7.6	-14.1	-12.6	-25.2	-3.7	-28.6
May(1)	0.0	6.2	-0.8	-0.6	-7.2	8.6	8.0	19.2	0.3	-20.1
June(1)	1.3	-5.1	9.5	0.5	-5.0	4.0	-6.2	21.7	1.1	-14.6
July	1.5	-0.7	7.4	0.5	-3.6	-0.7	4.3	-7.4	0.3	-16.3
Aug.	0.6	-0.5	1.7	0.5	-2.6	7.0	7.0	11.7	1.7	-9.0
Sept.	1.0	0.0	0.2	1.3	-1.5	3.9	5.6	-0.7	7.2	-5.4
Footnotes (1) Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because data for May 2020 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents.

Services for intermediate demand: Prices for services for intermediate demand rose 1.0 percent in 
September, the largest increase since a 1.0-percent jump in January 2016. Almost half of the broad-
based September advance can be traced to the index for services less trade, transportation, and 
warehousing for intermediate demand, which climbed 0.6 percent. Margins for trade services for 
intermediate demand moved up 2.1 percent, and the index for transportation and warehousing 
services for intermediate demand rose 0.9 percent. For the 12 months ended in September, prices for 
services for intermediate demand increased 0.3 percent, the first advance since climbing 1.1 percent 
in March.

Product detail: A major factor in the September advance in prices for services for intermediate 
demand was the index for gross rents for retail properties, which increased 7.9 percent. The indexes 
for hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing; investment banking; securities brokerage, 
dealing, investment advice, and related services; loan services (partial); and arrangement of freight 
and cargo transportation also rose. Conversely, prices for cable network advertising time sales fell 
12.7 percent. The indexes for metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling and for truck transportation of 
freight also decreased.

Table C. Monthly and 12-month percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes for services by commodity type, seasonally adjusted
Month	Services for intermediate demand
Month	Total	Trade	Transportation and warehousing	Other	Total, change from 12 months ago (unadj.)
2019
Sept.	0.2	1.0	0.2	0.0	2.5
Oct.	-0.6	-0.8	0.1	-0.6	1.4
Nov.	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	1.3
Dec.	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.3	1.7
2020
Jan.	0.2	0.2	-0.5	0.2	1.7
Feb.	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	1.3
Mar.	0.1	0.4	-1.1	0.3	1.1
Apr.	-1.7	-0.1	-1.4	-2.2	-1.2
May(1)	-0.3	0.2	0.8	-0.7	-1.5
June(1)	0.1	0.0	-0.6	0.2	-1.5
July	0.7	1.1	-0.4	0.8	-1.0
Aug.	0.7	1.2	-0.1	0.9	-0.6
Sept.	1.0	2.1	0.9	0.6	0.3
Footnotes (1) Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because data for May 2020 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents.

Intermediate Demand by Production Flow

Stage 4 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 4 intermediate demand advanced 1.0 percent in
September, the fifth consecutive increase. In September, prices for total services inputs to stage 4
intermediate demand climbed 1.2 percent, and the index for total goods inputs moved up 0.8 percent.
(See table D.) Increases in the indexes for hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing; gross
rents for retail properties; lumber; machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling;
portfolio management; and loan services (partial) outweighed falling prices for diesel fuel; natural,
processed, and imitation cheese; and temporary help services. (See table 6.) For the 12 months ended
in September, the index for stage 4 intermediate demand increased 0.9 percent, the first advance
since a 0.2-percent rise for the 12 months ended in March.

Stage 3 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 3 intermediate demand rose 1.1 percent in
September, the fifth consecutive increase. In September, the index for total services inputs to stage 3
intermediate demand climbed 1.0 percent, and prices for total goods inputs moved up 0.9 percent.
Advances in the indexes for arrangement of freight and cargo transportation, slaughter barrows and
gilts, primary basic organic chemicals, gross rents for retail properties, machinery and equipment
parts and supplies wholesaling, and investment banking outweighed declines in the indexes for raw
milk; gasoline; and metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling. For the 12 months ended in September,
prices for stage 3 intermediate demand dropped 2.4 percent.

Stage 2 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 2 intermediate demand increased 1.0 percent in
September after rising 1.8 percent in August. In September, the index for total goods inputs to stage 2
intermediate demand advanced 1.8 percent, and prices for total services inputs moved up 0.4 percent.
Increases in the indexes for natural gas; oilseeds; hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing;
lumber; corn; and investment banking outweighed falling prices for crude petroleum, cable network
advertising time sales, and temporary help services. For the 12 months ended in September, the index
for stage 2 intermediate demand declined 2.8 percent.

Stage 1 intermediate demand: Prices for stage 1 intermediate demand advanced 1.8 percent in
September, the fourth consecutive increase. In September, the index for total goods inputs to stage 1
intermediate demand rose 2.3 percent, and prices for total services inputs moved up 1.3 percent.
Increases in the indexes for iron and steel scrap; primary basic organic chemicals; corn; hardware,
building materials, and supplies retailing; nonferrous scrap; and gross rents for retail properties
outweighed decreases in the indexes for diesel fuel; metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling; and
crude petroleum. For the 12 months ended in September, prices for stage 1 intermediate demand
declined 1.3 percent.

Table D. Monthly percent changes in selected intermediate demand price indexes by production flow, seasonally adjusted
Month	Stage 4 intermediate demand			Stage 3 intermediate demand			Stage 2 intermediate demand			Stage 1 intermediate demand
Month	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs	Total	Goods inputs	Services inputs
2019
Sept.	0.1	0.1	0.2	-0.3	-0.9	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.5	0.3
Oct.	-0.2	0.2	-0.6	0.5	1.6	-0.5	-0.7	-0.9	-0.5	-0.2	0.3	-0.8
Nov.	0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.2	1.1	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.6	-0.5
Dec.	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7
2020
Jan.	0.2	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.6	-1.6	0.2	0.1	0.4	-0.2
Feb.	-0.5	-0.5	-0.4	-1.4	-2.6	-0.2	-2.0	-4.7	-0.2	-1.4	-2.3	-0.4
Mar.	-0.3	-0.6	0.1	-1.8	-3.9	0.2	-2.8	-7.2	0.2	-1.4	-2.7	0.1
Apr.	-1.8	-1.8	-1.7	-5.4	-10.2	-1.1	-4.5	-9.1	-1.8	-4.5	-6.7	-1.8
May(1)	0.1	0.5	-0.2	0.9	2.3	-0.3	1.6	3.7	0.4	-0.8	-0.9	-0.7
June(1)	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	1.0	-0.2	2.3	6.2	-0.1	1.9	3.6	0.1
July	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.7	3.5	0.3	0.0	-1.2	0.8	1.4	2.6	0.1
Aug.	0.5	0.3	0.8	1.4	2.5	0.7	1.8	3.9	0.7	1.0	1.2	0.8
Sept.	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.8	0.4	1.8	2.3	1.3
Footnotes (1) Some of the figures shown above and elsewhere in this release may differ from those previously reported because data for May 2020 have been revised to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents.

________________
The Producer Price Index for October 2020 is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 
13, 2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

                                                    *****
  _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
 |       Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on September 2020 Producer Price Index Survey Data       |
 |                                                                                                       |
 | As was the case for March through August, the Producer Price Index (PPI) response rates for September |
 | were consistent with pre-COVID-19 response rates, and no changes in estimation procedures were        |
 | necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-|
 | producer-price-index.htm.                                                                             |
 |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note

Brief Explanation of Producer Price Indexes

The Producer Price Index (PPI) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a family of
indexes that measures the average change over time in prices received (price changes) by
producers for domestically produced goods, services, and construction. PPIs measure
price change from the perspective of the seller. This contrasts with other measures,
such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). CPIs measure price change from the purchaser's
perspective.

More than 10,000 PPIs for individual products and groups of products are released each
month. PPIs are available for the products of virtually every industry in the mining and
manufacturing sectors. Over time, new PPIs have been introduced for products of
industries in the services and construction sectors of the U.S. economy. As of January
2018, the PPI covered 71 percent of services as measured by 2012 Census revenue, and
31 percent of construction.

More than 100,000 price quotations per month are organized into three sets of PPIs:
(1) Final demand-Intermediate demand (FD-ID) indexes, (2) commodity indexes, and (3)
indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The FD-ID structure
organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication as well as by stage of
production. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end use or
product type. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes
for the net output of industries and their products.

Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Indexes

The PPI FD-ID structure measures price change for goods, services, and construction
sold to final demand and to intermediate demand. The FD-ID system replaced the PPI stage-
of-processing (SOP) system as PPI's primary aggregation model with the release of data
for January 2014. The FD-ID model expands coverage beyond that of the SOP system through
the addition of services, construction, exports, and government purchases.

Compared with finished goods under the SOP system, the PPI for final demand goods
includes nearly a 50 percent expansion of coverage. This increase can be traced to the
addition of government purchases and exports. For overall final demand, expansion to
include final demand services represents an even larger increase in coverage. In December
2017, final demand goods were about 33 percent of overall final demand, final demand
services were roughly 65.5 percent, and final demand construction was about 1.5 percent
of final demand. Within intermediate demand, coverage of services for intermediate demand
resulted in about a 45 percent increase in coverage of the intermediate demand portion of
the economy.

FD-ID indexes are constructed from commodity-based producer output price indexes.
Commodities are allocated to aggregate indexes primarily based on the type of buyer. The
main source of data used to determine the type of buyer is the "Use of commodities by
industries, before redefinition," table from the Benchmark Input-Output Accounts of the
U.S. In many cases, the same commodity is purchased by different types of buyers. As a
result, commodities are often included in several FD-ID indexes. For example, regular
gasoline is purchased for personal consumption, export, government use, and business use.
The PPI program publishes only one commodity index for regular gasoline (wpu057104),
reflecting sales to all types of buyers, and this index is used in all aggregations
regardless of whether the gasoline is sold for personal consumption, as an export, to
government, or to businesses. Proportions based on BEA "Use of Commodities" data are
used to allocate the correct portion of the total weight of gasoline to each use
category. In cases when buyer type is an important price determining characteristic,
indexes are created based on specific buyer type. For example, within the PPI category
for loan services, separate indexes for consumer loans and business loans were
constructed. For more information relating to the FD-ID structure, see "A new,
experimental system of indexes from the PPI program" in the February 2011 Monthly Labor
Review.

Final Demand: The final demand portion of the FD-ID structure measures price change for
commodities sold for personal consumption, capital investment, government, and export.
The system is composed of six main price indexes: final demand goods; final demand trade
services; final demand transportation and warehousing services; final demand services
less trade, transportation, and warehousing; final demand construction; and overall final
demand.

The final demand goods index measures price change for both unprocessed and processed
goods sold to final demand. Fresh fruits sold to consumers and computers sold for
capital investment are examples of transactions included in the final demand goods price
index. The final demand trade services index measures price change for the retailing and
wholesaling of merchandise sold to final demand, generally without transformation. (Trade
indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.) The final
demand transportation and warehousing services index tracks price change for
transportation of passengers, as well as, transportation of cargo sold to final demand,
and also includes prices for warehousing and storage of goods sold to final demand. The
final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index measures price
change for all services other than trade and transportation sold to final demand.
Publishing, banking, lodging, and health care are examples of these services. The final
demand construction index tracks price change for new construction, as well as
maintenance and repair construction sold to final demand. Construction of office
buildings is an example of a commodity that would be included in the final demand
construction index. Lastly, the overall final demand index tracks price change for all
types of commodities sold to final demand by combining the five final demand component
indexes described above.

Intermediate Demand: The intermediate demand portion of the FD-ID system tracks price
change for goods, services, and construction products sold to businesses as inputs to
production, excluding capital investment. The system includes two parallel treatments of
intermediate demand. The first treatment organizes intermediate demand commodities by
type. The second organizes intermediate demand commodities into production stages, with
the explicit goal of developing a forward-flow model of production and price change.

The intermediate demand by commodity type portion of the system organizes commodities
by similarity of product. The system is composed of six main price indexes: unprocessed
goods for intermediate demand; processed goods for intermediate demand; intermediate
demand trade services; intermediate demand transportation and warehousing services;
intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing; and
intermediate demand construction.

The unprocessed goods for intermediate demand price index measures price change for
goods sold to businesses as inputs to production that have undergone no fabrication.
Crude petroleum sold to refineries is an example of an unprocessed good sold to
intermediate demand. The processed goods for intermediate demand index tracks price
change for fabricated goods sold as business inputs. Examples include car parts sold to
car manufacturers and gasoline sold to trucking companies. The index for trade services
for intermediate demand measures price change for the services of retailing and
wholesaling goods purchased by businesses as inputs to production. The intermediate
demand transportation and warehousing services index measures price change for business
travel, as well as, transportation and warehousing of cargo sold to intermediate demand.
The intermediate demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing index
measures price change for services other than trade, transportation, and warehousing sold
as inputs to production. Legal and accounting services purchased by businesses are
examples of intermediate demand services excluding trade, transportation, and
warehousing. Finally, the construction for intermediate demand index measures price
change for construction purchased by firms as inputs to production. The index for
construction for intermediate demand tracks price change for maintenance and repair
construction purchased by firms.

The production flow treatment of intermediate demand is a stage-based system of price
indexes. These indexes can be used to study price transmission across stages of
production and final demand. This system is constructed in a manner that maximizes
forward flow of production between stages, while minimizing back-flow of production. The
production flow treatment contains four main indexes: intermediate demand stage 1,
intermediate demand stage 2, intermediate demand stage 3, and intermediate demand stage
4.

Indexes for the four stages were developed by first assigning each industry in the
economy to one of four stages of production, where industries assigned to the fourth
stage primarily produce output consumed as final demand, industries in the third stage
primarily produce output consumed by stage 4 industries, industries assigned to the
second stage primarily produce output consumed by stage 3 industries, and industries
assigned to the first stage produce output primarily consumed by stage 2 industries. The
four indexes then track prices for the net inputs consumed by industries in each of the
four stages of production. The stage 4 intermediate demand index, for example, tracks
price change for inputs consumed, but not produced, by industries included in the fourth
stage of production. Hence, the index tracks price change in inputs to industries that
primarily produce final demand commodities (stage 4 producers primarily produce
commodities sold to final demand).

Examples of heavily weighted goods-producing industries in stage 4 include the
manufacture of light trucks and utility vehicles, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals.
Retail trade, food service and drinking places, and hospitals are examples of heavily
weighted service industries included in stage 4. Stage 4 also includes all new
construction industries. Examples of goods consumed by stage 4 industries include motor
vehicle parts, commercial electric power, plastic construction products, biological
products, and beef and veal. Engineering services, machinery and equipment wholesaling,
long distance motor carrying, and legal services constitute examples of services consumed
by stage 4 industries.

Examples of highly weighted goods-producing industries included in stage 3 are motor
vehicle parts manufacturing, animal (except poultry) slaughtering and processing, and
semiconductor manufacturing. Services industries classified in stage 3 include wholesale
trade; insurance carriers; architecture, engineering, and related services; and hotels
and motels. Examples of goods consumed by stage 3 industries include slaughter steers
and heifers, industrial electric power, and hot rolled steel bars, plates, and structural
shapes. Services commonly consumed by stage 3 industries include commissions from sales
of property and casualty insurance, business loans, temporary help services, and
administrative and general management consulting services.

Petroleum refineries; electricity generation, transmission, and distribution; natural
gas distribution; cattle ranching and farming; and plastic materials and resin
manufacturing are among the goods-based industries assigned to stage 2. Services
industries that are heavily weighted in stage 2 include management of companies and
enterprises; non-depository credit intermediation; insurance agencies and brokerages; and
services to buildings and dwellings. Goods commonly purchased by stage 2 industries
include crude oil, natural gas, formula feeds, and primary basic organic chemicals.
Services that are heavily weighted in the intermediate demand stage 2 index are legal
services, business loans, and cellular phone and other wireless telecommunication.

Goods producing industries in stage 1 include oil and gas extraction, paper mills, and
grain farming. Real estate, legal services, and advertising services are examples of
highly weighted services industries included in stage 1. Examples of goods consumed by
stage 1 industries are commercial and industrial electric power and gasoline. Services
commonly consumed by stage 1 industries include solid waste collection, chemicals and
allied products wholesaling, and guestroom or unit rental. It should be noted that all
inputs purchased by stage 1 industries are by definition produced either within stage 1
or by latter stages of processing, leaving stage 1 less useful for price transmission
analysis. For additional information on industry stage assignments, see
https://www.bls.gov/ppi/industryflowstage.htm.

Comparing the PPI with CPI

Although some data users utilize the PPI as a potential indicator of the Consumer
Price Index (CPI), there are many reasons why the PPI and the CPI may diverge. The scope
of the personal consumption portion of the PPI includes all marketable output sold by
domestic producers for households. The scope of the CPI includes goods and services
provided by business or government, where explicit user charges are paid by consumers.
For example, the most heavily weighted item in the CPI, owners' equivalent rent, is
excluded from the PPI. The scope of the CPI includes imports. The PPI excludes imports.
The CPI only includes components of personal consumption directly paid for by the
consumers, while the PPI includes components of personal consumption that may not be paid
for by consumers. For example, the PPI includes medical services paid for by third
parties. In contrast to CPI, PPI does not completely cover services. PPIs exclude taxes,
since they do not represent producer revenue. Conversely, sales and other taxes paid by
consumers are part of household expenditure and are included in the CPI. Additional
technical differences between PPI and CPI also exist. For more information see "Comparing
new final demand producer price indexes with other Government price indexes," Monthly
Labor Review, January 2014, at https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/.

Commodity Indexes

The commodity classification of the PPI organizes goods, services, and construction by
similarity of product or end use, disregarding industry of origin. With the release of
data for July 2009, PPI expanded its commodity structure to include indexes for services
and construction products. Prior to this date, the PPI commodity structure only included
products from goods producing sectors. Table 9 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data
for commodity indexes, organized in a hierarchal structure, including major groupings,
subgroups, product classes, sub-product classes, and individual items.

Industry Net-Output Price Indexes

PPIs for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Prior to the release of January
2004, industry-based PPIs were published according to the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic
time series organized by industry, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity.
Table 11 of the PPI Detailed Report includes data for NAICS industries and industry
groups (3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-digit codes), Census product classes (7- and 8-digit codes),
products (9-digit codes), more detailed sub-products (11-digit codes), and, for some
industries, indexes for other sources of revenue.

Indexes may represent one of three kinds of product categories. Every industry has
primary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments classified
in the industry for products made primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, by that
industry. The industry classification of an establishment is determined by which products
make up a plurality of its total shipment value. In addition, most industries have
secondary product indexes that show changes in prices received by establishments for
products chiefly made in some other industry. Some industries have miscellaneous receipts
indexes that track price changes for other sources of revenue received by establishments
within the industry that are not derived from sales of their products; for example,
resales of purchased materials, or revenues from parking lots owned by a manufacturing
plant.

Data Collection

PPIs are constructed using selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes,
selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to
size. Individual items and transaction terms also are chosen by probability proportionate
to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction
prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices submitted
by survey respondents are effective on the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th day
of the month. The survey is conducted online via the BLS Internet Data Collection
Facility (IDCF).

Price data are provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only sworn BLS
employees are allowed access to individual company price reports. BLS publishes price
indexes instead of actual prices. All PPIs are subject to revision 4 months after
original publication to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by
respondents.

BLS periodically updates the PPI sample of survey respondents to better reflect
current conditions when the structure, membership, technology, or product mix of an
industry shifts significantly and to spread reporting burden among smaller firms.
Information on these resampling efforts are noted in the PPI News Release and PPI
Detailed Report in the months they occur.

As part of an ongoing effort to expand coverage to sectors of the economy other than
mining and manufacturing, an increasing number of service and construction sector
industries have been introduced into the PPI. The following list of industries
introduced since the mid-1990s includes the month and year in which an article describing
the industry's content appeared in the PPI Detailed Report.

PPI
Detailed
Report
Title Code Issue

SIC
Wireless telecommunications...................................4812 July 1999
Telephone communications, except radio telephone..............4813 July 1995
Television broadcasting.......................................4833 July 2002
Grocery stores................................................5411 July 2000
Meat and fish (seafood) markets...............................5421 July 2000
Fruit and vegetable markets...................................5431 July 2000
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores..........................5441 July 2000
Retail bakeries...............................................5461 July 2000
Miscellaneous food stores.....................................5499 July 2000
New car dealers...............................................5511 July 2000
Gasoline service stations.....................................5541 January 2002
Boat dealers..................................................5551 January 2002
Recreational vehicle dealers..................................5561 January 2002
Miscellaneous retail..........................................59 January 2001
Security brokers, dealers, and investment bankers.............6211 January 2001
Investment advice.............................................6282 January 2003
Life insurance carriers.......................................6311 January 1999
Property and casualty insurance...............................6331 July 1998
Insurance agencies and brokerages.............................6412 January 2003
Operators and lessors of nonresidential buildings.............6512 January 1996
Real estate agents and managers...............................6531 January 1996
Prepackaged software..........................................7372 January 1998
Data processing services......................................7374 January 2002
Home health care services.....................................8082 January 1997
Legal services................................................8111 January 1997
Engineering design, analysis, and consulting services.........8711 January 1997
Architectural design, analysis, and consulting services.......8712 January 1997
Premiums for property and casualty insurance..................9331 July 1998

NAICS
New industrial building construction..........................236211 January 2008
New warehouse building construction...........................236221 July 2005
New school construction.......................................236222 July 2006
New office construction.......................................236223 January 2007
New health care building construction.........................236224 January 2013
Concrete contractors, nonresidential building work............23811X July 2008
Roofing contractors, nonresidential building work.............23816X July 2008
Electrical contractors, nonresidential building work..........23821X July 2008
Plumbing / HVAC contractors, nonresidential building work.....23822X July 2008
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods...........................423 July 2005
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods........................424 July 2005
Furniture and home furnishings stores.........................442 January 2004
Electronics and appliance stores..............................443 January 2004
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers...444 January 2004
Clothing and clothing accessories stores......................448 January 2004
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.................451 January 2004
General merchandise stores....................................452 January 2004
Miscellaneous store retailers.................................453 January 2004
Internet service providers....................................518111 July 2005
Internet publishing and web search portals....................519130 January 2010
Commercial banking............................................522110 January 2005
Savings institutions..........................................522120 January 2005
Direct health and medical insurance carriers..................524114 July 2004
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment
rental and leasing............................................532412 January 2005
Management consulting services................................541610 January 2007
Security guards and patrol services...........................561612 July 2005
Offices of dentists...........................................621210 January 2011
Blood and organ banks.........................................621991 January 2007
Amusement and theme parks.....................................713110 July 2006
Golf courses and country clubs................................713910 July 2006
Fitness and recreational sports centers.......................713940 July 2005
Commercial machinery repair and maintenance...................811310 July 2007

Weights

Weights for most commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as, weights for
commodity-based aggregate indexes calculated from commodity groupings, such as FD-ID
indexes, currently reflect 2012 values of shipments as reported in the Census of
Manufactures and other sources. From January 2012 to December 2017, PPI weights were
derived from 2007 shipment values. Industry indexes now are calculated under the 2017
NAICS structure utilizing 2012 value of shipment weights and 2007 net output ratios.
The periodic update of the value weights used to calculate the PPI is done to more
accurately reflect changes in production and marketing patterns in the economy.

Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output
values refer to the value of shipments from establishments within the industry to buyers
outside the industry. However, weights for commodity indexes are based on gross shipment
values, including values of shipments between establishments within the same industry. As
a result, broad commodity grouping indexes, such as the PPI for All Commodities (which is
composed of major commodity groupings 01 through 15), are affected by the multiple
counting of price change at successive stages of processing, which can lead to
exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. The intermediate demand by commodity
type FD-ID indexes partially correct for this defect, but industry indexes, final demand
FD-ID indexes, and intermediate demand by production flow FD-ID indexes consistently
correct for this at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and FD-ID indexes are
more appropriate than broad commodity groupings for analysis of general price trends.

Price Index Reference Base

Effective with publication of January 1988 data, many important PPI series (including
most commodity groups and individual items) were placed on a new reference base, 1982 =
100. From 1971 through 1987, the standard reference base for most PPI series was 1967 =
100. Except for rounding differences, the shift to the new reference base did not alter
any previously published percent changes for affected PPI series. (See "Calculating Index
Changes," below.) The 1982 reference base is not used for commodity indexes with a base
later than December 1981 or for industry net output indexes and their products. The FD-
ID indexes typically have a reference base of November 2009 = 100.

For further information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer
Price Index, see chapter 14, "Producer Prices," in the BLS Handbook of Methods. This
chapter can be downloaded from the BLS Web site at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch14.htm.

Calculating Index Changes

Each PPI measures price changes from a reference period that equals 100.0. An
increase of 5.5 percent from the reference period in the Final Demand Goods Price Index,
for example, is shown as 105.5. This change also can be expressed in dollars, as
follows: prices received by domestic producers of a sample of final demand goods have
risen from $100 in November 2009 to $105.50. Likewise, a current index of 90.0 would
indicate that prices received by producers of final demand goods are 10 percent lower
than they were in November 2009.

Movements of price indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent
changes, rather than as changes in index points. Index point changes are affected by the
level of the index in relation to its base period, whereas percent changes are not. The
following example shows the computation of index point and percent changes.

Index point change
Final Demand Goods Price Index 107.5
Less previous index 104.0
Equals index point change 3.5

Index percent change
Index point change 3.5
Divided by the previous index 104.0
Equals 0.034
Result multiplied by 100 0.034 x 100
Equals percent change 3.4

Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, BLS publishes
seasonally adjusted and unadjusted changes each month. Seasonally adjusted data are
preferred for analyzing general price trends in the economy because these data eliminate
the effect of changes that normally occur at about the same time, and in about the same
magnitude, every year-such as price movements resulting from normal weather patterns,
regular production and marketing cycles, model changeovers, seasonal discounts, and
holidays. For these reasons, seasonally adjusted data more clearly reveal underlying
trends. Unadjusted data are of primary interest to users who need information that can
be related to actual dollar values of transactions. Individuals requiring this
information include marketing specialists, purchasing agents, budget and cost analysts,
contract specialists, and commodity traders. It is the unadjusted data that are
generally cited when escalating long-term contracts such as purchasing agreements or real
estate leases. For more information, see Price Adjustment Guide for Contracting Parties,
on the Web at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/ppiescalation.htm.

Seasonal adjustment is accomplished using X-13 ARIMA, a software package published by
the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the seasonal status of most commodity indexes is
reevaluated to reflect more recent price behavior. Industry net output indexes are not
seasonally adjusted. For time series that exhibit seasonal pricing patterns, new
seasonal factors are estimated and applied to the unadjusted data from the prior 5 years.
Updated seasonally adjusted indexes replace the most recent 5 years of seasonal data.

Seasonal factors may be applied to series using either a direct or an aggregative
method. Generally, commodity indexes are seasonally adjusted using direct seasonal
adjustment, which produces a more complete elimination of seasonal movements than does
the aggregative method. However, the direct seasonal adjustment process may not yield
figures that possess additive consistency. Thus, a seasonally adjusted index for a broad
category that is directly adjusted may not be logically consistent with all seasonally
adjusted indexes for its components. Seasonal movements for FD-ID indexes are derived
indirectly through an aggregative method that combines movements of a wide variety of
subproduct class (six-digit) series.

Seasonally adjusted indexes can become problematic when previously stable and
predictable price patterns abruptly change. If the new pattern persists, the seasonal
adjustment method will eventually reflect it; if the pattern keeps shifting, however,
seasonally adjusted data will become chronically troublesome. This problem occurs
relatively infrequently for farm and food-related products, but has more often affected
manufactured products such as automobiles and steel.

Since January 1988, the PPI has used Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment methods
to enhance the calculation of seasonal factors. With this technique, outlier values that
may distort the seasonal pattern are removed from the data prior to applying the standard
seasonal factor estimation procedure. For example, a possible economic cause for large
price movements for petroleum-based products might have been the Persian Gulf War. In
this case, intervention techniques allowed for better estimates of seasonally adjusted
data. On the whole, very few series have required intervention. Out of almost 400
seasonally adjusted series, only 42 were subject to intervention in 2018.

For more information relating to seasonal adjustment methods, see "Summary of Changes
to the PPI's Seasonal Adjustment Methodology" in the January 1995 issue of Producer Price
Indexes, and "PPI and CPI Seasonal Adjustment: an Update" in the July 2010 Monthly Labor
Review.

Producer Price Index Data on the Internet

In 1995, the BLS began posting PPI series, news releases, and technical information to
both a World Wide Web (WWW) site and a file transfer protocol (FTP) site. During the
years following the introduction of PPI Internet services, use of these sites eclipsed
more traditional methods of data dissemination, such as subscriptions to the PPI Detailed
Report. There were more than 4 million instances of PPI data and tables being downloaded
from the BLS website during the 12 months ended December 31, 2017.

Retrieving PPI data from the PPI Web site

PPI data can be obtained from the WWW address (www.bls.gov/ppi). On this page, under
the tab labeled "Featured PPI databases" links provide the following methods of data
retrieval:

Top Picks is a form-based application for both Industry Data and Commodity Data that
allows the user to quickly obtain PPI time series data by selecting the high-level
aggregate and other commonly requested time series, including the All Commodities Index
and the FD-ID indexes (for example, Final Demand). Within each list, any one-or all-of
the time series shown can be selected. A user can modify the date range and output
options after executing the query, using the reformat button above the data output table.

One-Screen Data Search and Multi-Screen Data Search are form-based query applications
for both Industry Data and Commodity Data designed for users unfamiliar with the PPI
coding structure. These applications guide a user through the PPI classification by
listing index titles and do not require knowledge of commodity or industry codes. Data
retrieved are based on a query formulated by selecting data characteristics from lists
provided. Two options are available to create customized tables, depending on a user's
browser capability. The one-screen option is a JavaScript application that uses a single
screen to guide a user through the available time series data. The second option is a
multiple-screen, non-Java-based application. Both methods allow a user to browse the PPI
coding structure and select multiple series. Users can modify the date range and output
options after executing the query using the reformat button above the data output table.

Series Report is a form-based application that allows users to input multiple,
formatted PPI time series identifiers (commodity or industry codes) as inputs in
extracting data according to a specified set of date ranges and output options. This
application provides the most efficient path for users who are familiar with the format
of PPI time series identifiers. There are five alphabetic prefixes used to create unique
PPI time series identifiers: WP, WD, PC, PD, and ND. Each provides the user access to a
different PPI database. Adding either a "u" (not seasonally adjusted) or an "s"
(seasonally adjusted) to the end of these prefixes further specifies the type of data
needed. Examples are provided below.

For commodity and FD-ID indexes, series identifiers combine a "wpu" prefix (not
seasonally adjusted) or a "wps" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.

Commodity code Provides data for:
wps141101 Passenger cars, seasonally adjusted
wpu141101 Passenger cars, not seasonally adjusted
wpufd4 Final demand, not seasonally adjusted
wpsid63 Services for intermediate demand, seasonally adjusted

For discontinued commodity indexes, series identifiers combine a "wdu" prefix (not
seasonally adjusted) or a "wds" prefix (seasonally adjusted) with a commodity code.

Commodity code Provides data for:
wds019 Other farm products, seasonally adjusted
wdu0635 Preparations, ethical (prescription), not seasonally adjusted
wdusi138011 Stainless steel mill products, not seasonally adjusted

Current price indexes grouped by industry according to NAICS have series identifiers
that begin with the prefix "pcu." After the prefix, there are 12 digits (the 6-digit
industry code is listed twice) followed by up to 7 alphanumeric characters identifying
product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-level industry group codes.

Industry-product code,
current NAICS series Provides data for:
pcu325---325--- Chemical manufacturing
pcu336110336110 Automobile and light duty motor vehicle manufacturing
pcu621111621111411 Offices of physicians, one- and two-physician practices and
single-specialty group practices, general/family practice

Discontinued industry-product codes based on SIC combine a "pdu" prefix and "#"
between the fourth and fifth characters of the product code. Series identifiers for the
discontinued dataset use underscores as placeholders to complete a reference to an SIC
industry group code of fewer than four digits. (All PPI industry-based indexes organized
by SIC were discontinued with the introduction of NAICS in 2004.)

Industry-product code,
discontinued SIC series Provides data for:
pdu28_ _# Chemicals and allied products
pdu331_# Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing mills
pdu3711#111 Passenger cars

Price indexes for discontinued series grouped by industry according to NAICS have
identifiers that begin with the prefix "ndu." After the prefix, there are 12 numeric
digits (the 6-digit industry code is listed twice), and up to 7 additional alphanumeric
characters that identify product detail. Dashes are used as placeholders for higher-
level group codes.

Industry-product code,
discontinued NAICS series Provides data for
ndu212231212231 Lead and zinc ore mining
ndu2122312122312 Lead, zinc concentrates
ndu212231212231214 Lead concentrates

Text Files are best suited for users requiring access to either a large volume of time
series data or other PPI-related documentation, such as seasonal factor tables and
relative importance tables. The text files can be accessed at https://download.bls.gov/ or
directly from links on the "PPI Databases" page or the PPI homepage. Data and
documentation available for download include the following:

Directory:
Industry Data /pub/time.series/pc
Industry Data - Discontinued
(NAICS basis) /pub/time.series/nd
(SIC basis) /pub/time.series/pd
Commodity Data (incl. FD-ID) /pub/time.series/wp
Commodity Data - Discontinued /pub/time.series/wd
Special requests /pub/special.requests/ppi

Additional information

The PPI homepage (https://www.bls.gov/ppi) contains additional information regarding PPI
data and methodology. The top section of the homepage provides PPI news releases, both
current and archived, as well as general PPI information. The "PPI Tables" section found
beneath the statistics section provides relative importance and seasonal factor tables.
The remaining sections offer special notices and publications pertaining to PPI
methodology and applications.

For questions or comments regarding PPI data classification, methodology, or data
availability on the Internet, call or e-mail the Section of Index Analysis and Public
Information at (202) 691-7705 or ppi-info@bls.gov.

Table 1. Producer price indexes and percent changes for final demand(1) [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	May 2020(3)	Aug. 2020(3)	Sept. 2020(3)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Final demand		100.000	117.3	118.6	118.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.4
Final demand goods		32.726	112.2	113.8	114.1	-1.0	0.3	0.8	0.1	0.4
Final demand foods		5.742	126.2	118.6	119.5	1.0	0.8	-0.5	-0.4	1.2
Finished consumer foods(4)	00/82	4.616	225.0	212.3	212.6	0.8	0.1	-0.5	-0.4	0.4
Finished consumer foods, crude	00/82	0.483	198.1	202.3	218.8	13.4	8.2	1.5	-3.3	8.5
Finished consumer foods, processed	00/82	4.133	228.4	213.8	212.4	-0.5	-0.7	-0.7	-0.1	-0.4
Government purchased foods		0.346	134.6	122.3	121.3	-1.9	-0.8	-0.7	-0.2	-0.3
Foods for export		0.780	117.4	109.5	114.5	3.1	4.6	-0.4	-0.5	6.4
Final demand energy		5.343	80.0	93.6	93.0	-11.5	-0.6	5.3	-0.1	-0.3
Finished consumer energy goods(4)	00/82	4.364	131.8	150.7	149.9	-10.2	-0.5	3.9	-0.5	0.0
Government purchased energy		0.757	70.3	91.1	89.8	-15.4	-1.4	10.8	1.0	-1.3
Energy for export		0.222	46.9	70.5	68.9	-23.2	-2.3	17.9	2.9	-2.9
Final demand goods less foods and energy		21.641	117.8	118.4	118.8	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finished goods less foods and energy(4)	00/82	12.841	209.9	210.3	210.4	1.3	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finished consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	6.950	234.6	235.2	235.3	1.5	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.1
Nondurable consumer goods less foods and energy	00/82	4.282	303.3	304.3	304.2	1.7	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Durable consumer goods	00/82	2.668	163.8	164.2	164.3	1.0	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2
Private capital equipment	00/82	5.891	179.0	179.2	179.4	1.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Private capital equipment for manufacturing industries	00/82	1.328	182.8	183.0	183.1	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Private capital equipment for nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	4.563	177.6	177.8	178.0	1.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Government purchased goods, excluding foods and energy		2.242	115.4	115.8	116.1	0.9	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3
Government purchased goods excluding foods, energy, and capital equipment		1.313	116.7	117.3	117.7	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.4
Government purchased capital equipment		0.929	112.3	112.3	112.4	1.4	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1
Goods for export, excluding foods and energy		6.558	111.6	112.8	113.8	1.2	0.9	0.4	0.4	1.0
Final demand services		65.540	119.4	120.4	120.7	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.4
Final demand trade services(5)		20.290	121.6	122.8	123.1	2.6	0.2	0.8	1.2	0.2
Trade of finished goods(4)		17.592	121.3	122.2	122.5	2.6	0.2	0.7	1.3	0.1
Trade of personal consumption goods		14.428	122.5	122.2	122.8	2.8	0.5	0.2	1.2	0.3
Trade of private capital equipment		3.164	114.7	120.9	120.0	2.1	-0.7	2.9	1.8	-0.8
Trade of government purchased goods		0.735	122.6	126.5	126.7	2.7	0.2	1.5	1.4	0.2
Trade of government purchased goods, excluding capital equipment		0.460	126.5	128.6	129.8	3.6	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9
Trade of government purchased capital equipment		0.275	115.9	122.5	121.0	1.1	-1.2	2.8	1.7	-1.2
Trade of exports		1.963	123.6	126.9	127.4	2.2	0.4	1.5	0.5	0.4
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		4.707	119.3	118.8	118.5	-4.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.2	0.4
Transportation of passengers for final demand		1.359	106.9	99.1	98.8	-14.1	-0.3	-6.9	-3.2	2.6
Transportation of private passengers		0.928	106.9	99.2	98.9	-14.1	-0.3	-6.9	-3.2	2.5
Transportation of government passengers		0.140	107.0	99.4	99.0	-14.0	-0.4	-6.9	-3.1	2.5
Transportation of passengers for export		0.291	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods for final demand		3.348	123.7	126.2	125.8	-0.9	-0.3	1.6	1.2	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing of finished goods(4)		2.365	122.2	125.0	124.4	-1.1	-0.5	1.7	1.4	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing of personal consumption goods		1.852	122.6	125.4	124.8	-1.0	-0.5	1.6	1.4	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing of private capital equipment		0.513	120.6	123.4	122.9	-1.3	-0.4	1.8	1.4	-0.4
Transportation and warehousing of government purchased goods		0.246	123.2	125.5	125.1	-0.5	-0.3	1.5	1.2	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing of exports		0.737	128.5	130.1	130.2	-0.7	0.1	1.2	0.9	0.2
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		40.543	118.4	119.6	119.9	1.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finished services less trade, transportation, and warehousing(4)		36.086	119.1	120.2	120.5	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finished consumer services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		32.573	119.1	120.3	120.6	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5
Private capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.513	119.1	119.7	120.1	0.3	0.3	0.5	-0.3	0.3
Government purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		3.011	111.3	112.5	112.9	-0.2	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.4
Gov. purchased services less trade, transportation, and warehousing, excl. capital investment		2.910	111.5	112.7	113.1	-0.3	0.4	0.3	0.9	0.4
Government purchased capital investment services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.101	105.0	105.7	105.8	1.2	0.1	0.5	-0.4	0.1
Services for export less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.446	116.4	118.8	119.8	-0.3	0.8	1.3	0.8	0.9
Final demand construction		1.733	130.2	130.4	130.2	1.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.2	-0.2
Construction for private capital investment		1.170	130.5	130.6	130.4	1.6	-0.2	0.8	-0.4	-0.2
Construction for government		0.563	129.6	129.9	129.6	1.3	-0.2	0.3	0.0	-0.2

Special groupings

Final demand less exports	04/10	88.003	116.1	117.3	117.5	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.4	0.3
Final demand less government	04/10	91.960	116.1	117.2	117.5	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3
Final demand less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(6)	04/10	88.390	118.0	119.0	119.3	1.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4
Final demand less foods and energy(6)	04/10	88.915	118.0	118.9	119.2	1.2	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4
Final demand less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(6)	04/10	93.733	115.1	116.9	117.1	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.3
Final demand less foods(6)	04/10	94.258	115.1	116.8	117.1	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.3
Final demand less energy	04/10	94.657	118.2	118.6	119.0	1.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Final demand less trade services	01/10	79.710	115.0	116.2	116.5	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.5
Final demand less distributive services(7)	01/10	76.362	114.7	115.9	116.2	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.5
Final demand goods less energy	01/10	27.383	118.5	117.4	117.9	1.2	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.6
Final demand goods less foods	04/10	26.984	106.9	110.3	110.4	-1.4	0.1	1.1	0.2	0.3
Final demand services less trade services	04/10	45.250	117.5	118.5	118.8	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5
Final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	23.638	119.6	121.0	121.2	2.1	0.2	0.9	1.3	0.0
Final demand goods plus final demand distributive services(7)	04/10	56.364	113.7	115.2	115.4	0.3	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.3
Final demand less foods, energy, and trade services(6)	08/13	68.625	110.4	111.2	111.5	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Private and government purchased capital equipment	08/13	6.820	109.1	109.2	109.3	1.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Private and government purchased capital investment services	08/13	7.566	107.7	110.8	110.6	1.0	-0.2	1.7	0.7	-0.3
Total private and government purchased capital investment	08/13	14.386	109.9	111.4	111.3	1.1	-0.1	0.9	0.4	-0.1
Total finished(4)	01/10	79.962	117.4	118.5	118.7	0.7	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.3
Total finished less foods, food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption, and energy(4)(6)	12/10	70.470	118.6	119.4	119.7	1.4	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total finished less foods and energy(4)(6)	01/10	70.982	119.5	120.3	120.6	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.2
Total finished less foods and food and nonalcoholic beverages for immediate consumption(4)(6)	12/10	74.834	115.6	117.2	117.3	0.6	0.1	0.6	0.5	0.3
Total finished less foods(4)(6)	01/10	75.346	117.0	118.5	118.7	0.7	0.2	0.6	0.4	0.3
Total finished less energy(4)	01/10	75.598	119.9	120.2	120.4	1.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finished goods(4)	00/82	21.821	200.9	203.3	203.3	-1.2	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.2
Finished goods less energy(4)	00/82	17.457	213.4	210.4	210.6	1.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2
Finished goods, excluding foods(4)(6)	00/82	17.205	194.0	200.3	200.1	-1.7	-0.1	1.1	0.1	0.1
Finished services(4)	01/10	56.971	118.8	119.7	120.0	1.4	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.4
Private capital investment services	04/10	7.190	116.0	119.2	118.9	0.9	-0.3	1.6	0.7	-0.3
Finished distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	19.957	119.0	120.1	120.3	2.2	0.2	0.8	1.3	0.1
Finished services less trade services(4)	04/10	39.379	118.1	119.1	119.4	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finished services less distributive services(4)(7)	04/10	37.014	118.0	118.9	119.3	0.9	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.5
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	14.251	116.0	117.7	117.6	1.1	-0.1	0.9	0.3	0.0
Finished goods plus finished distributive services(4)	04/10	41.778	115.4	116.6	116.7	0.4	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.1
Total exports	04/10	11.997	110.9	112.2	113.2	0.3	0.9	0.7	0.4	1.2
Goods for export	00/82	7.560	184.1	185.9	188.1	0.6	1.2	0.7	0.4	1.4
Services for export	04/10	4.437	119.7	121.7	122.2	-0.2	0.4	0.9	0.4	0.7
Total government purchases	04/10	8.040	109.1	111.5	111.6	-1.2	0.1	1.0	0.5	0.2
Government purchased goods	00/82	3.345	173.7	180.5	180.2	-3.1	-0.2	2.1	0.2	-0.1
Government purchased services	04/10	4.132	113.4	114.9	115.1	-0.2	0.2	0.4	0.8	0.4
Total government purchased capital investment (goods, services, construction)	08/13	1.868	111.3	112.3	112.1	1.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3	-0.2
Personal consumption	01/10	65.711	117.7	118.6	118.9	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4
Personal consumption goods (finished consumer goods)	00/82	15.930	209.7	213.2	213.0	-2.1	-0.1	1.0	-0.1	0.2
Personal consumption goods less energy	00/82	11.566	231.1	226.2	226.3	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Personal consumption goods less foods	00/82	11.314	201.9	212.0	211.6	-3.2	-0.2	1.6	0.0	0.1
Personal consumption nondurable goods less foods	00/82	8.646	218.7	233.1	232.5	-4.4	-0.3	2.1	-0.2	0.0
Personal consumption services	04/10	49.781	118.7	119.3	119.7	1.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5
Personal consumption less trade services	04/10	51.283	116.0	117.3	117.5	0.0	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.4
Personal consumption less distributive services(7)	04/10	49.431	115.9	117.2	117.3	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.5
Personal consumption less foods and energy	04/14	56.731	111.1	111.6	111.9	1.5	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and trade services(5)	04/14	42.303	110.6	111.5	111.7	1.0	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal consumption less foods, energy, and distributive services(7)	04/14	40.451	110.9	111.7	112.0	1.1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.5
Personal consumption goods plus personal consumption distributive services(7)	08/13	32.210	105.6	106.4	106.5	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.2
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm. (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand. (5) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (6) The PPI definition of foods does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption. PPI defines food and beverages for immediate consumption as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. (7) Distributive services include transportation, warehousing, and trade of goods.
"-" Data not available.

Table 2. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by commodity type(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	May 2020(3)	Aug. 2020(3)	Sept. 2020(3)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Processed goods

Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	185.8	192.6	194.3	-1.5	0.9	1.5	0.6	1.0
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	45.302	177.7	179.2	181.3	-0.9	1.2	0.5	0.5	1.2
Materials for manufacturing		27.486	104.4	106.0	107.9	-1.7	1.8	0.9	0.9	2.0
Materials for food manufacturing	00/82	4.116	215.1	197.8	196.4	-0.9	-0.7	-0.9	-0.3	-0.4
Materials for nondurable manufacturing	00/82	12.764	187.9	197.1	201.4	-3.5	2.2	1.5	1.4	2.3
Materials for durable manufacturing	00/82	10.606	191.2	195.0	199.6	0.1	2.4	1.0	0.6	2.4
Components for manufacturing	00/82	17.816	156.3	156.0	156.3	0.5	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Components for nondurable manufacturing		0.749	114.7	114.0	114.7	-0.5	0.6	0.1	-0.4	0.6
Components for durable manufacturing		17.067	110.7	110.4	110.7	0.5	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.3
Materials and components for construction	00/82	9.176	252.8	257.2	262.5	4.5	2.1	0.5	0.9	2.1
Materials for construction		3.998	126.0	130.6	135.7	8.6	3.9	1.3	1.9	4.0
Components for construction		5.178	124.0	124.3	125.1	1.5	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.6
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	18.250	132.7	162.5	162.7	-9.0	0.1	7.4	1.7	0.2
Processed fuels and lubricants to manufacturing industries	00/82	4.574	157.8	183.4	183.4	-6.6	0.0	4.7	1.1	0.7
Processed fuels and lubricants to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	13.676	125.1	156.1	156.3	-9.9	0.1	8.5	1.9	0.0
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	2.978	235.4	235.5	235.7	-0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	24.293	202.5	201.2	202.0	0.6	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.6
Supplies to manufacturing industries	00/82	2.956	198.2	197.1	198.4	-1.0	0.7	-0.1	-0.3	0.7
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	21.337	201.6	200.2	201.0	0.9	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.7
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, feeds	00/82	1.663	181.6	174.4	176.7	1.0	1.3	-1.5	-0.2	3.7
Supplies to nonmanufacturing industries, other than feeds	00/82	19.674	205.1	204.3	205.0	0.9	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.4

Unprocessed goods

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	100.000	150.8	163.6	167.8	-5.4	2.6	-0.7	7.0	3.9
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	39.497	151.9	153.6	157.7	1.4	2.7	4.3	7.0	5.6
Unprocessed nonfood materials	00/82	60.503	142.5	162.8	167.0	-9.7	2.6	-4.0	7.0	2.7
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	43.921	176.3	209.2	210.3	-11.7	0.5	-5.1	4.9	0.8
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	41.986	159.3	191.0	192.1	-12.4	0.6	-5.4	5.2	0.8
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	1.935	279.1	280.3	280.6	3.8	0.1	-0.1	0.6	0.3
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	16.582	87.9	91.4	98.6	-4.3	7.9	-0.7	13.1	7.9
Unprocessed fuel to manufacturing industries	00/82	0.636	135.8	137.5	143.5	-4.3	4.4	-0.1	5.8	4.3
Unprocessed fuel to nonmanufacturing industries	00/82	15.946	88.2	91.8	99.2	-4.2	8.1	-0.9	13.4	8.0

Services

Services for intermediate demand		100.000	119.7	121.5	122.5	0.3	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.0
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		19.137	128.0	130.8	133.3	4.7	1.9	1.1	1.2	2.1
Trade services for manufacturing industries	12/12	9.445	115.3	117.2	118.3	2.3	0.9	0.9	0.4	1.0
Trade services for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	9.692	115.4	118.6	122.0	7.0	2.9	1.4	1.7	3.2
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		12.260	127.8	126.3	126.9	-1.9	0.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.9
Transportation of passengers for intermediate demand		1.212	107.1	99.4	99.1	-13.9	-0.3	-6.8	-3.2	2.5
Transportation of passengers for manufacturing industries		0.202	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation of passengers for nonmanufacturing industries		1.010	107.2	99.6	99.2	-13.9	-0.4	-6.8	-3.2	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods for intermediate demand		11.048	129.9	129.1	129.9	-0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.8
Transportation and warehousing of goods for manufacturing industries	12/12	1.684	106.5	107.8	107.7	-0.7	-0.1	1.1	0.8	-0.2
Transportation and warehousing of goods for nonmanufacturing industries	12/12	9.364	116.3	115.2	116.0	-0.6	0.7	0.1	0.1	1.0
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		68.603	116.0	118.2	118.7	-0.7	0.4	0.8	0.9	0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for manufacturing industries		2.325	111.2	111.2	111.1	0.9	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for nonmanufacturing industries		66.278	116.1	118.4	119.0	-0.7	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.7

Construction

Construction for intermediate demand		100.000	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0

Special groupings

Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	91.260	183.8	192.6	194.5	-1.6	1.0	1.8	0.7	1.0
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	8.740	206.8	193.5	192.3	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.5	0.0
Processed energy goods	00/82	18.250	133.3	163.2	163.4	-9.0	0.1	7.4	1.7	0.2
Processed materials less energy	00/82	81.750	196.8	197.7	199.7	0.3	1.0	0.4	0.4	1.2
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	73.010	195.2	197.8	200.2	0.3	1.2	0.5	0.5	1.3
Intermediate distributive services(5)	04/10	30.185	126.3	127.7	129.6	2.8	1.5	0.8	0.8	1.6
Processed goods plus intermediate distributive services	04/10	-	107.7	110.9	112.0	-0.4	1.0	1.3	0.6	1.2
Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	57.606	142.3	163.7	166.9	-10.2	2.0	-4.4	7.7	2.0
Unprocessed energy materials(6)	00/82	38.339	84.5	106.0	105.4	-23.2	-0.6	-7.4	11.7	-0.7
Unprocessed materials less energy	00/82	61.661	196.4	199.2	207.7	6.1	4.3	2.7	5.0	6.2
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy(7)	00/82	22.164	329.8	336.6	359.5	14.4	6.8	0.3	1.7	7.2
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. (5) Includes intermediate trade, transportation, and warehousing services. (6) Includes crude petroleum. (7) Excludes crude petroleum.
"-" Data not available.

Table 3. Producer price indexes and percent changes for intermediate demand by production flow(1) [Nov. 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Other index base	Relative Importance Dec. 2019(2)	May 2020(3)	Aug. 2020(3)	Sept. 2020(3)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Stage 4
Stage 4 intermediate demand		100.000	117.1	119.5	120.5	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.5	1.0
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		30.489	114.5	115.2	116.1	0.7	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.9
Goods		22.493	111.3	111.5	112.3	0.1	0.7	0.3	0.1	0.7
Foods		2.649	115.6	111.0	113.4	2.5	2.2	0.9	-0.4	2.7
Energy		1.056	102.8	114.4	115.1	-1.5	0.6	1.3	0.5	1.5
Goods excluding foods and energy		18.788	111.0	111.2	111.7	-0.2	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.5
Services		7.996	124.7	127.1	128.3	2.2	0.9	1.1	0.2	1.0
Trade services		6.415	128.7	131.8	133.5	2.8	1.3	1.3	0.3	1.3
Transportation and warehousing services		0.238	115.2	114.1	113.6	-6.3	-0.4	-1.3	-0.2	0.4
Transportation of passengers		0.089	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.149	119.9	122.9	122.2	-1.9	-0.6	1.8	1.4	-0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.343	112.6	112.6	112.2	1.0	-0.4	0.2	0.4	-0.4
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		50.208	119.4	121.7	122.4	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.5	0.8
Goods		13.251	116.7	117.7	117.8	0.3	0.1	1.0	0.1	0.2
Foods		2.883	131.2	122.1	120.0	-1.4	-1.7	0.2	-1.0	-1.3
Energy		2.212	96.1	109.5	109.1	-2.7	-0.4	4.8	0.4	0.1
Goods excluding foods and energy		8.156	120.5	121.2	122.1	1.8	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.7
Services		36.807	120.2	123.0	124.0	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.7	1.1
Trade services		4.268	125.3	125.5	126.9	2.6	1.1	0.6	-0.6	1.2
Transportation and warehousing services		2.330	121.7	121.0	121.1	-2.3	0.1	-0.4	0.2	0.6
Transportation of passengers		0.377	106.5	98.7	98.4	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		1.953	124.7	125.5	125.6	-0.2	0.1	0.7	0.9	0.2
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		30.209	118.9	122.4	123.4	0.7	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.1
Construction		0.150	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		19.303	115.1	120.4	122.4	2.2	1.7	1.9	1.3	1.7
Goods		13.188	113.1	119.1	120.6	0.8	1.3	2.2	0.8	1.3
Energy		1.637	49.1	78.3	76.3	-18.6	-2.6	22.6	3.2	-3.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		11.551	124.8	126.5	128.6	3.5	1.7	0.3	0.7	1.7
Services		6.115	119.1	123.0	126.0	4.9	2.4	1.4	1.8	2.8
Trade services		3.287	122.0	128.5	134.2	10.1	4.4	2.2	3.0	5.1
Transportation and warehousing services		0.837	119.2	121.6	121.0	-2.2	-0.5	1.4	1.2	-0.4
Transportation of passengers		0.043	109.2	102.4	102.1	-12.0	-0.3	-6.0	-2.7	2.2
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.794	119.6	122.6	122.0	-1.7	-0.5	1.9	1.4	-0.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.991	116.4	116.6	116.8	-0.8	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2

Stage 3
Stage 3 intermediate demand		100.000	109.3	112.9	113.6	-2.4	0.6	1.7	1.4	1.1
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		48.172	112.9	115.3	116.2	-0.9	0.8	2.1	2.5	1.6
Goods		38.047	108.2	111.0	111.8	-1.6	0.7	2.5	3.3	1.6
Foods		11.760	115.1	118.0	117.6	-1.5	-0.3	6.8	10.0	2.4
Energy		1.866	79.5	93.0	92.6	-10.6	-0.4	5.6	1.9	0.2
Goods excluding foods and energy		24.421	109.7	111.5	113.0	-1.0	1.3	0.5	0.5	1.3
Services		10.059	124.3	125.4	126.5	1.8	0.9	0.6	0.1	1.0
Trade services		8.279	124.9	125.9	127.2	2.0	1.0	0.7	0.1	1.1
Transportation and warehousing services		0.633	124.2	123.6	123.9	-1.2	0.2	-0.4	0.5	0.4
Transportation of passengers		0.032	110.8	104.3	104.0	-11.3	-0.3	-5.6	-2.6	2.1
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.601	124.8	124.5	124.9	-0.7	0.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.147	113.1	114.9	115.4	1.7	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.6
Construction		0.066	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		49.739	107.5	111.6	111.9	-3.9	0.3	1.1	0.5	0.5
Goods		10.367	69.7	83.2	82.1	-17.2	-1.3	5.6	-0.8	-1.2
Foods		0.003	125.7	141.5	136.1	0.4	-3.8	3.6	-2.4	-4.5
Energy		7.027	53.1	71.8	70.1	-25.1	-2.4	9.2	-1.1	-2.3
Goods excluding foods and energy		3.337	109.8	109.6	109.9	-0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.3
Services		38.296	119.1	120.1	120.9	-0.4	0.7	0.1	0.8	1.0
Trade services		3.486	142.1	146.0	147.1	5.6	0.8	0.9	3.2	0.8
Transportation and warehousing services		8.434	135.7	132.7	134.3	-0.8	1.2	-0.5	-0.4	1.5
Transportation of passengers		0.036	109.2	102.2	101.9	-12.3	-0.3	-6.1	-2.7	2.2
Transportation and warehousing of goods		8.398	136.0	133.0	134.7	-0.7	1.3	-0.5	-0.4	1.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		26.376	113.9	115.7	116.4	-1.0	0.6	0.3	0.8	0.8
Construction		1.076	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		2.090	84.4	105.9	106.8	-3.0	0.8	11.6	3.5	0.1
Goods		1.648	71.5	95.4	95.0	-6.9	-0.4	14.9	3.7	-1.5
Energy		1.011	43.7	76.8	74.7	-15.2	-2.7	30.2	5.6	-4.8
Goods excluding foods and energy		0.637	127.3	130.1	133.4	5.8	2.5	0.8	1.3	2.6
Services		0.442	128.1	134.9	141.4	10.9	4.8	2.3	2.9	5.6
Trade services		0.402	130.5	138.2	145.6	12.1	5.4	2.7	3.2	6.1
Transportation and warehousing services		0.001	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation of passengers		0.001	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.039	106.7	106.1	105.7	-1.1	-0.4	-0.5	-0.3	-0.4

Stage 2
Stage 2 intermediate demand		100.000	97.6	101.6	102.3	-2.8	0.7	0.0	1.8	1.0
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		43.322	78.1	84.2	85.4	-7.5	1.4	-1.5	3.7	1.8
Goods		36.506	71.0	77.9	79.2	-8.8	1.7	-1.6	4.4	1.9
Foods		3.765	108.8	106.9	114.2	5.1	6.8	-0.5	0.0	10.0
Energy		14.107	35.3	46.2	45.9	-24.3	-0.6	-7.0	12.9	-0.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		18.634	106.9	109.8	111.9	-0.3	1.9	0.9	1.1	2.0
Services		6.343	122.3	121.6	122.2	-0.3	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.7
Trade services		0.444	134.7	132.4	134.1	5.5	1.3	-0.4	0.8	1.6
Transportation and warehousing services		3.628	140.4	139.0	139.9	-2.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.9
Transportation of passengers		0.284	108.2	100.8	100.5	-13.2	-0.3	-6.5	-3.0	2.4
Transportation and warehousing of goods		3.344	141.9	141.1	142.1	-1.4	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.7
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		2.271	109.8	110.4	110.4	1.6	0.0	0.4	0.5	0.3
Construction		0.473	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		56.676	116.7	118.5	118.8	0.8	0.3	0.9	0.8	0.4
Goods		4.808	107.9	111.1	112.1	0.4	0.9	1.6	0.5	1.0
Foods		0.067	82.3	80.1	89.0	1.6	11.1	3.7	-2.7	13.4
Energy		0.413	70.2	95.7	94.3	-11.9	-1.5	15.3	2.6	-2.4
Goods excluding foods and energy		4.328	111.9	113.0	114.0	1.6	0.9	0.5	0.4	1.1
Services		50.364	117.5	119.3	119.5	0.8	0.2	0.9	0.8	0.4
Trade services		1.109	127.2	137.5	149.9	19.0	9.0	3.9	4.6	9.9
Transportation and warehousing services		6.613	123.5	121.7	122.2	-1.6	0.4	-0.8	-0.2	1.0
Transportation of passengers		1.044	107.1	99.4	99.0	-14.1	-0.4	-6.9	-3.1	2.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods		5.569	127.0	126.4	127.1	0.6	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.8
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		42.642	117.0	119.1	119.0	0.8	-0.1	1.0	0.8	0.1
Construction		1.504	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0

Stage 1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		100.000	105.6	110.5	112.2	-1.3	1.5	1.4	1.0	1.8
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		45.339	99.9	103.8	106.4	-0.2	2.5	0.8	0.9	2.9
Goods		34.533	93.1	98.1	101.4	-0.1	3.4	1.0	1.2	3.7
Foods		2.709	107.3	100.8	107.9	1.3	7.0	0.5	-1.3	10.0
Energy		6.096	68.2	85.2	85.0	-11.8	-0.2	4.6	4.5	-0.4
Goods excluding foods and energy		25.728	99.5	102.6	106.4	2.5	3.7	0.4	1.0	3.9
Services		10.800	124.2	123.6	123.9	-0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.2
Trade services		7.871	130.7	130.2	130.6	1.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.5
Transportation and warehousing services		1.325	119.3	119.6	118.9	-4.8	-0.6	0.0	0.3	-0.2
Transportation of passengers		0.236	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.5
Transportation and warehousing of goods		1.089	121.5	123.6	122.9	-2.8	-0.6	1.3	0.9	-0.6
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		1.604	100.8	99.5	99.6	-3.3	0.1	-0.1	-1.3	0.1
Construction		0.006	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		47.556	109.9	115.9	116.4	-3.2	0.4	2.1	1.1	0.7
Goods		15.313	91.7	105.4	105.0	-4.4	-0.4	6.9	1.3	-0.7
Foods		0.089	95.9	94.6	94.3	4.3	-0.3	0.2	-1.5	-0.3
Energy		7.780	71.6	97.0	95.7	-9.2	-1.3	14.8	2.6	-1.9
Goods excluding foods and energy		7.444	116.7	117.2	117.8	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4
Services		32.238	119.1	121.0	122.1	-2.6	0.9	0.0	0.8	1.4
Trade services		4.567	127.9	130.3	131.5	4.6	0.9	0.8	2.1	1.0
Transportation and warehousing services		2.649	120.1	113.4	114.0	-9.7	0.5	-4.4	-2.2	2.3
Transportation of passengers		1.681	106.5	98.7	98.4	-14.3	-0.3	-6.9	-3.3	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.968	133.5	129.5	131.7	-2.4	1.7	-0.2	-0.8	1.9
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		25.022	117.5	120.2	121.3	-3.2	0.9	0.3	0.9	1.4
Construction		0.005	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		7.104	117.7	122.3	124.8	3.3	2.0	1.5	1.2	2.3
Goods		4.710	114.5	118.7	120.0	0.6	1.1	1.4	0.6	1.1
Energy		0.485	54.4	77.0	75.3	-20.7	-2.2	14.7	1.1	-2.5
Goods excluding foods and energy		4.225	124.6	126.1	127.8	3.0	1.3	0.3	0.6	1.4
Services		2.394	124.2	129.3	134.3	8.6	3.9	1.7	2.5	4.5
Trade services		1.741	126.6	133.9	140.9	12.3	5.2	2.4	3.5	6.1
Transportation and warehousing services		0.096	106.9	105.1	104.4	-7.5	-0.7	-1.7	-0.8	0.0
Transportation of passengers		0.025	106.6	98.8	98.5	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.2	2.6
Transportation and warehousing of goods		0.071	108.1	108.1	107.3	-5.4	-0.7	0.1	-0.1	-0.7
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		0.557	117.7	117.7	117.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Special groupings

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	48.932	110.5	112.4	113.1	0.4	0.6	0.9	0.3	0.8
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	50.918	120.2	123.0	124.3	1.4	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.2
Total construction inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	0.150	118.4	118.6	118.6	-0.3	0.0	-1.2	0.0	0.0
Total foods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	5.532	120.2	113.6	113.7	0.4	0.1	0.5	-0.7	0.5
Total energy goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	4.905	76.0	93.7	93.0	-7.4	-0.7	8.3	1.2	-0.7
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	38.495	115.1	115.8	116.9	1.4	0.9	0.2	0.3	0.9
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	50.062	92.6	98.4	98.7	-5.3	0.3	3.5	2.5	0.9
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	48.797	118.8	119.8	120.8	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.7	1.0
Total construction inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	1.142	118.4	118.6	118.6	-0.3	0.0	-1.2	0.0	0.0
Total foods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	11.763	102.6	105.1	104.8	-1.4	-0.3	6.8	10.0	2.5
Total energy goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	9.904	54.6	73.1	71.7	-21.3	-1.9	10.2	0.1	-2.0
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	28.395	105.2	106.7	108.0	-0.7	1.2	0.5	0.6	1.2
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	41.314	71.0	77.2	78.4	-7.8	1.6	-1.2	3.9	1.8
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	56.707	118.8	120.3	120.6	0.8	0.2	0.8	0.7	0.4
Total construction inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	1.977	118.4	118.6	118.6	-0.3	0.0	-1.2	0.0	0.0
Total foods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	3.832	109.1	107.2	114.5	4.9	6.8	-0.3	-0.1	10.0
Total energy goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	14.520	35.0	45.9	45.6	-23.9	-0.7	-6.2	12.2	-0.9
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	22.962	101.6	104.0	105.8	0.0	1.7	0.9	1.0	1.7
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	54.556	84.8	91.3	93.2	-1.3	2.1	2.6	1.2	2.3
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	45.432	119.6	121.1	122.2	-1.5	0.9	0.1	0.8	1.3
Total construction inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	0.011	118.4	118.6	118.6	-0.3	0.0	-1.2	0.0	0.0
Total foods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	2.798	100.9	95.0	101.4	1.4	6.7	0.5	-1.3	9.7
Total energy goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	14.361	66.6	87.2	86.4	-10.7	-0.9	10.4	3.3	-1.3
Total goods less foods and energy inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	37.397	89.0	91.1	93.7	2.2	2.9	0.3	0.8	3.0
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) Comprehensive relative importance figures are initially computed after the publication of December indexes and are recalculated after final December indexes are available. Individual items and subtotals may not add exactly to totals because of rounding differences. (3) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available.

Table 4. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings by final demand category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	May 2020(2)	Aug. 2020(2)	Sept. 2020(2)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Final demand		11/09	117.3	118.6	118.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.4
Final demand goods		11/09	112.2	113.8	114.1	-1.0	0.3	0.8	0.1	0.4
Final demand foods		11/09	126.2	118.6	119.5	1.0	0.8	-0.5	-0.4	1.2
Fresh fruits and melons(3)	01-11		133.4	141.8	155.8	20.1	9.9	4.6	-4.2	9.9
Fresh and dry vegetables(3)	01-13		214.2	224.3	244.8	24.3	9.1	-6.9	0.9	9.1
Grains	01-2		131.3	126.8	144.2	1.5	13.7	4.2	-3.7	16.4
Eggs for fresh use(3)	01-71-07	12/91	122.5	102.3	119.4	-2.5	16.7	6.2	-9.9	16.7
Oilseeds	01-83-01		159.4	161.4	182.1	16.1	12.8	-2.8	2.2	19.4
Bakery products(3)	02-11		295.0	293.5	292.9	0.3	-0.2	-0.5	0.0	-0.2
Milled rice(3)	02-13		220.3	227.6	226.0	9.4	-0.7	1.4	-0.1	-0.7
Pasta products	02-14-02	06/85	203.8	209.6	209.8	3.9	0.1	-0.2	2.4	0.3
Beef and veal	02-21-01		381.3	186.3	194.2	-6.2	4.2	-7.4	-1.5	5.5
Pork	02-21-04		166.2	144.4	140.4	-6.0	-2.8	-3.5	2.2	-0.9
Processed young chickens	02-22-03		167.3	158.8	153.8	-4.7	-3.1	-2.7	1.4	-0.6
Processed turkeys	02-22-06		142.7	144.6	144.4	-4.5	-0.1	-1.6	0.6	-0.7
Finfish and shellfish(3)	02-23		332.8	353.5	346.6	-1.1	-2.0	8.1	-1.3	-2.0
Dairy products	02-3		186.5	209.2	202.6	-1.2	-3.2	4.0	-0.4	-3.4
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		212.1	212.7	212.0	1.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Confectionery end products(3)	02-55		283.1	278.6	279.7	-1.8	0.4	0.3	-0.9	0.4
Soft drinks(3)	02-62		218.7	218.0	216.9	1.6	-0.5	-0.6	0.5	-0.5
Roasted coffee(3)	02-63-01		194.6	194.7	195.7	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.5
Shortening and cooking oils(3)	02-78		235.2	242.6	244.2	2.9	0.7	-0.7	1.3	0.7
Frozen specialty food(3)	02-85		186.8	187.3	185.7	0.7	-0.9	1.9	-0.7	-0.9
Final demand energy		11/09	80.0	93.6	93.0	-11.5	-0.6	5.3	-0.1	-0.3
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		63.7	101.3	97.5	-14.2	-3.8	2.4	7.0	-3.8
Residential electric power	05-41	12/90	179.8	186.1	186.8	-0.3	0.4	0.7	0.1	1.2
Residential natural gas	05-51	12/90	197.7	200.1	203.1	2.7	1.5	-1.3	0.5	2.2
Gasoline	05-71		90.8	132.9	129.1	-28.3	-2.9	10.1	-1.4	-2.8
Home heating oil and distillates	05-73-02		75.6	104.5	106.7	-40.9	2.1	56.1	-38.1	2.0
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Final demand goods less foods and energy		11/09	117.8	118.4	118.8	1.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Alcoholic beverages(3)	02-61		202.9	201.7	201.6	1.2	0.0	-1.0	0.2	0.0
Pet food(3)	02-94-02		273.1	273.4	273.3	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Women's, girls', and infants' apparel(3)	03-81-06	12/03	107.9	109.6	104.3	-4.1	-4.8	1.6	0.0	-4.8
Men's and boys' apparel(3)	03-81-07	12/03	118.3	118.4	118.6	0.4	0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Textile housefurnishings(3)	03-82		168.6	168.5	168.5	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Footwear	04-3		210.1	209.9	210.0	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Industrial chemicals	06-1		200.0	219.5	227.3	-6.3	3.6	2.9	1.0	4.0
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	274.5	274.9	274.9	2.4	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.3
Soaps and detergents(3)	06-71		183.3	183.9	183.9	0.7	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Cleaning and polishing products(3)	06-72	06/83	203.7	203.5	203.6	0.6	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Cosmetics and other toiletries(3)	06-75		167.9	167.9	167.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tires(3)	07-12-01		149.6	149.5	149.5	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Consumer, institutional, and commercial products, n.e.c.(3)	07-2B	12/06	137.6	136.9	137.1	-0.5	0.1	-0.4	0.0	0.1
Sanitary paper products(3)	09-15-01		184.6	184.6	185.3	1.3	0.4	0.7	0.1	0.4
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		372.9	366.9	421.0	15.2	14.7	-4.3	1.3	14.7
Agricultural machinery and equipment	11-1		242.6	242.4	242.3	2.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
Construction machinery and equipment	11-2		236.6	236.5	236.5	1.2	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Metal cutting machine tools(3)	11-37		207.8	207.9	208.4	2.2	0.2	0.6	0.0	0.2
Metal forming machine tools	11-38		242.6	240.5	241.9	1.8	0.6	-0.7	0.2	0.6
Tools, dies, jigs, fixtures, and industrial molds(3)	11-39		154.3	153.7	153.9	-1.6	0.1	-0.3	-0.1	0.1
Pumps, compressors, and equipment	11-41		269.9	269.6	269.6	1.0	0.0	-0.7	0.4	0.0
Industrial material handling equipment	11-44		229.0	228.9	229.0	1.4	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Electronic computers and computer equipment(3)	11-5	12/98	25.7	25.7	25.5	0.8	-0.8	0.8	0.0	-0.8
Textile machinery and equipment(3)	11-62		173.9	173.9	173.9	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paper industries machinery(3)	11-64	06/82	229.0	229.3	229.4	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Printing trades machinery and equipment(3)	11-65		165.0	165.1	165.0	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Transformers and power regulators(3)	11-74		230.8	234.7	235.4	1.2	0.3	1.1	0.3	0.3
Communication and related equipment	11-76	12/85	119.7	119.9	119.9	2.8	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.3
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.9	64.3	64.6	-1.7	0.5	0.0	-0.6	0.5
X-ray and electromedical equipment(3)	11-79-05		86.8	87.1	87.4	1.0	0.3	0.5	-0.1	0.3
Oil field and gas field machinery(3)	11-91		217.8	217.8	217.8	-1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mining machinery and equipment(3)	11-92		305.7	305.7	305.7	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Office and store machines and equipment(3)	11-93		121.0	120.8	121.0	-0.9	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.2
Household furniture(3)	12-1		222.7	223.3	223.5	1.4	0.1	-0.4	0.3	0.1
Commercial furniture(3)	12-2		240.0	239.0	240.6	2.4	0.7	0.8	-0.6	0.7
Floor coverings(3)	12-3		197.4	196.9	197.5	0.1	0.3	-0.6	0.1	0.3
Household appliances(3)	12-4		124.9	128.0	127.0	2.1	-0.8	0.5	1.6	-0.8
Home electronic equipment(3)	12-5		52.9	53.1	53.1	1.1	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Lawn and garden equipment excl. garden tractors(3)	12-66		151.2	151.2	151.7	1.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.3
Passenger cars	14-11-01		134.2	133.8	133.8	-0.3	0.0	0.4	0.4	0.4
Light motor trucks	14-11-05		175.7	175.9	175.9	0.9	0.0	0.6	0.3	0.2
Heavy motor trucks	14-11-06		233.8	234.0	235.2	1.0	0.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.6
Motor vehicles parts(3)	14-12		128.0	127.7	127.8	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Truck trailers(3)	14-14		224.7	222.5	226.3	-0.3	1.7	-0.7	-0.3	1.7
Travel trailers and campers	14-16	06/84	219.0	219.2	219.6	1.1	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.2
Aircraft	14-21		310.6	311.0	311.2	1.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ships(3)	14-31	12/85	230.4	230.7	231.5	0.8	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.3
Railroad equipment(3)	14-4		204.4	204.4	204.4	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Toys, games, and children's vehicles(3)	15-11		159.7	161.3	161.4	2.0	0.1	0.9	0.0	0.1
Sporting and athletic goods	15-12		145.4	145.9	145.6	1.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cigarettes(3)	15-21		1,168.4	1,194.3	1,194.3	6.1	0.0	2.4	-0.2	0.0
Mobile homes(3)	15-5		330.6	338.7	360.9	11.5	6.6	0.6	1.8	6.6
Medical, surgical & personal aid devices	15-6		185.1	185.6	186.2	1.5	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Jewelry, platinum and karat gold(3)	15-94-02		244.1	260.3	258.5	8.8	-0.7	2.9	4.2	-0.7
Costume jewelry and novelties(3)	15-94-04		202.5	204.4	204.1	3.8	-0.1	0.1	0.8	-0.1
Final demand services		11/09	119.4	120.4	120.7	1.1	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.4
Final demand trade services(4)		11/09	121.6	122.8	123.1	2.6	0.2	0.8	1.2	0.2
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	128.5	134.2	136.3	4.0	1.6	2.1	0.5	1.6
Machinery and vehicle wholesaling(3)	57-11-03	05/19	90.3	98.0	96.3	1.9	-1.7	4.9	1.7	-1.7
Professional and commercial equipment wholesaling(3)	57-11-04	05/19	94.0	93.2	92.8	-2.3	-0.4	-2.1	1.6	-0.4
Furnishings wholesaling(3)	57-2	03/09	105.3	99.8	101.7	-2.3	1.9	0.8	-4.9	1.9
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	121.4	115.5	116.7	0.7	1.0	-0.6	-4.5	1.0
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	141.6	140.2	142.2	2.7	1.4	-0.2	-0.8	1.4
Apparel wholesaling(3)	57-7	03/09	124.4	120.2	118.0	-3.4	-1.8	-3.0	-2.4	-1.8
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	115.5	115.6	117.7	2.2	1.8	0.5	0.8	1.8
Food and alcohol retailing	58-1	03/09	137.8	139.7	136.2	0.7	-2.5	0.7	1.4	-2.7
Health, beauty, and optical goods retailing(3)	58-2	03/09	127.9	124.6	125.3	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.6
Apparel, jewelry, footwear, and accessories retailing	58-3	06/09	104.1	101.7	103.7	-10.2	2.0	-2.6	1.3	-0.2
Computer hardware, software, and supplies retailing(3)	58-4	03/09	101.6	98.7	97.0	3.2	-1.7	-1.3	-1.0	-1.7
TV, video, and photographic equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-5	03/09	55.8	64.5	63.6	9.7	-1.4	16.4	4.7	-1.4
Automobiles retailing (Partial)	58-61-01	03/09	78.4	104.7	104.4	32.3	-0.3	20.5	10.6	-2.0
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(3)	58-61-02	03/09	111.3	115.3	114.5	0.8	-0.7	1.8	0.6	-0.7
RVs, trailers, and campers retailing(3)	58-8	03/09	100.1	127.5	168.0	58.0	31.8	0.6	23.8	31.8
Sporting goods, including boats, retailing(3)	58-9	03/09	115.7	119.8	116.6	1.2	-2.7	3.4	0.3	-2.7
Lawn, garden, and farm equipment and supplies retailing(3)	58-A	03/09	113.5	112.3	112.6	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.6	0.3
Furniture retailing(3)	58-B	03/09	105.8	110.5	114.5	7.0	3.6	5.5	-1.0	3.6
Flooring and floor coverings retailing(3)	58-C	03/09	100.2	101.2	101.7	-0.2	0.5	-1.8	2.7	0.5
Hardware, building materials, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	126.3	143.6	162.0	28.4	12.8	5.8	6.8	13.8
Major household appliances retailing	58-E	03/09	104.0	103.8	102.9	11.5	-0.9	5.9	0.1	4.9
Fuels and lubricants retailing(3)	58-F	06/09	262.2	210.7	219.1	24.7	4.0	-5.1	-3.1	4.0
Cleaning supplies and paper products retailing(3)	58-G	03/09	146.5	139.8	136.1	-9.0	-2.6	-1.8	-0.9	-2.6
Book retailing(3)	58-H	03/09	122.1	128.8	128.8	7.1	0.0	5.5	-0.4	0.0
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		11/09	119.3	118.8	118.5	-4.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.2	0.4
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	127.4	127.8	-0.6	0.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	120.6	124.1	123.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.2	1.6	-0.5
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	113.0	116.9	115.6	4.2	-1.1	4.3	0.5	-1.1
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	149.9	150.8	150.8	3.1	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.3
Rail transportation of passengers	30-21	12/08	127.8	127.6	127.6	2.2	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	104.8	97.1	96.8	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.3	2.5
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		11/09	118.4	119.6	119.9	1.1	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sales of books(3)	33-11		408.1	399.4	400.4	2.4	0.3	-1.7	-0.3	0.3
Sales and subscriptions of periodicals and newspapers(3)	33-12	06/09	137.4	144.9	142.1	13.7	-1.9	5.5	-0.8	-1.9
Application software publishing(3)	34-2	06/09	101.6	102.4	103.5	0.8	1.1	-0.1	-0.4	1.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	99.6	99.5	99.2	-1.5	-0.3	0.3	0.6	-0.3
Residential wired telecommunication services	37-11	06/09	143.1	142.1	142.1	2.6	0.0	-0.2	-1.5	-0.1
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.0	63.7	64.2	-2.1	0.8	0.3	-0.9	0.5
Cable and satellite subscriber services(3)	37-3	12/08	138.5	138.7	137.9	1.5	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.6
Internet access services(3)	37-4	03/09	93.0	92.3	92.3	-1.1	0.0	-0.8	0.1	0.0
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	115.1	115.1	114.4	2.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Consumer loans (partial)	39-12	06/09	106.9	108.5	111.0	-3.5	2.3	0.2	-1.3	3.3
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.6	61.3	60.1	-11.1	-2.0	2.0	1.3	-2.0
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	100.1	99.5	104.1	-3.8	4.6	-0.1	0.0	4.6
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	212.1	236.5	239.9	8.8	1.4	7.8	2.4	1.4
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	105.3	105.2	105.1	0.8	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Disability insurance, including accidental death(3)	41-11-02	03/09	103.9	103.9	103.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	139.2	139.3	139.4	2.7	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	125.6	125.7	125.6	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	118.0	116.6	116.6	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-1.6	0.0
Residential property sales and leases, brokerage fees and commissions	43-21	12/08	149.8	153.1	154.5	4.5	0.9	1.3	0.2	0.9
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	71.0	87.4	82.6	-3.4	-5.5	-0.4	2.8	1.1
Legal services	45-1	03/09	141.8	142.7	142.8	5.4	0.1	1.9	0.3	0.4
Tax preparation and planning	45-21-02	04/09	120.1	115.2	117.0	-0.2	1.6	-5.8	1.9	1.7
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.6	117.8	117.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Arrangement of flights (partial)(3)	47-1	06/09	97.3	98.6	97.2	-9.7	-1.4	-1.4	2.2	-1.4
Arrangement of vehicle rentals and lodging(3)	47-2	12/08	76.1	81.4	81.1	-4.1	-0.4	5.5	-6.0	-0.4
Arrangement of cruises and tours(3)	47-3	12/08	88.9	72.3	75.9	-37.7	5.0	-14.4	36.2	5.0
Physician care	51-11-01	03/09	111.2	112.2	112.2	1.9	0.0	0.4	0.8	0.1
Medical laboratory and diagnostic imaging care(3)	51-11-02	03/09	95.7	95.4	95.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	0.2	0.0
Home health and hospice care(3)	51-11-03	12/08	115.5	115.5	115.4	2.8	-0.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Hospital outpatient care	51-11-04	12/08	134.2	135.1	135.2	2.6	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.2
Dental care	51-11-05	06/10	119.9	121.3	121.5	4.4	0.2	1.1	-0.2	0.2
Hospital inpatient care	51-21-01	12/08	133.4	134.0	134.4	3.6	0.3	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Nursing home care	51-21-02	12/08	131.4	132.6	132.6	4.6	0.0	0.5	0.7	-0.1
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	99.9	103.0	102.7	-16.9	-0.3	-3.2	2.6	3.9
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)(3)	54-1	06/09	119.0	119.8	121.4	1.2	1.3	0.9	-1.4	1.3
Motor vehicle repair and maintenance (partial)	55-2	12/08	141.0	141.8	142.0	2.2	0.1	0.3	0.7	0.4
Membership dues and admissions and recreation facility use fees (partial)	56-1	06/09	124.1	123.0	123.2	-0.6	0.2	0.8	-1.4	0.6
Recreational activity instruction fees (partial)(3)	56-2	12/08	123.1	123.1	123.1	2.4	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Gaming receipts (partial)(3)	56-3	12/08	116.7	112.6	113.9	4.4	1.2	-	-	1.2
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	220.9	218.4	219.0	-5.5	0.3	-0.3	-1.1	0.3
Final demand construction		11/09	130.2	130.4	130.2	1.6	-0.2	0.6	-0.2	-0.2
New warehouse building construction(3)	80-11-01	12/04	161.8	161.7	161.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.3	-0.2	-0.2
New school building construction(3)	80-11-02	12/05	174.4	175.1	174.4	1.8	-0.4	0.6	0.2	-0.4
New office building construction(3)	80-11-03	06/06	146.1	146.0	145.8	1.5	-0.1	1.0	-0.4	-0.1
New industrial building construction(3)	80-11-04	06/07	139.7	140.7	140.3	2.7	-0.3	0.8	0.0	-0.3
New health care building construction(3)	80-11-05	06/12	119.9	119.2	119.5	1.8	0.3	0.8	-0.9	0.3
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 5. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by commodity type category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	May 2020(2)	Aug. 2020(2)	Sept. 2020(2)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Processed goods for intermediate demand			185.8	192.6	194.3	-1.5	0.9	1.5	0.6	1.0
Processed foods and feeds			206.8	193.5	192.3	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.5	0.0
Meats	02-21		265.8	175.3	176.6	-4.6	0.7	-8.0	-0.1	2.0
Processed poultry	02-22		154.9	154.9	148.9	-2.7	-3.9	-0.3	0.7	-2.5
Dairy products	02-3		186.5	209.2	202.6	-1.2	-3.2	4.0	-0.4	-3.4
Processed fruits and vegetables(3)	02-4		212.1	212.7	212.0	1.2	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.3
Refined sugar and byproducts(3)	02-53		183.0	184.2	183.6	4.9	-0.3	0.1	0.5	-0.3
Fats and oils(3)	02-7		234.1	241.5	243.2	3.6	0.7	-0.8	1.6	0.7
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		192.9	187.3	189.1	1.0	1.0	-0.7	-0.4	2.6
Processed materials less foods and feeds			183.8	192.6	194.5	-1.6	1.0	1.8	0.7	1.0
Synthetic fibers(3)	03-1		127.5	126.9	126.0	-4.5	-0.7	0.6	-0.5	-0.7
Processed yarns and threads(3)	03-2		136.9	136.1	136.2	-3.7	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finished fabrics(3)	03-4		161.6	162.7	163.7	1.3	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.6
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		63.7	101.3	97.5	-14.2	-3.8	2.4	7.0	-3.8
Commercial electric power	05-42		194.9	210.9	210.9	1.2	0.0	2.1	-0.1	0.8
Industrial electric power	05-43		232.8	253.2	255.1	0.3	0.8	-0.6	0.2	1.9
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	178.8	182.3	185.8	0.8	1.9	-1.1	0.8	3.5
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	130.8	133.0	143.0	1.5	7.5	-3.1	5.9	7.7
Natural gas to electric utilities	05-54	12/90	128.0	130.6	150.5	9.1	15.2	-3.8	11.4	14.1
Gasoline	05-71		90.8	132.9	129.1	-28.3	-2.9	10.1	-1.4	-2.8
Jet fuel(3)	05-72-03		69.5	123.0	115.8	-40.8	-5.9	15.0	1.5	-5.9
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Residual fuels(3)	05-74		53.3	102.8	107.1	-6.1	4.2	42.9	10.2	4.2
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		436.8	434.4	434.4	-0.7	0.0	-0.7	0.2	0.0
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	66.5	86.2	82.7	-31.8	-4.1	24.1	3.2	-4.1
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	129.0	167.7	162.2	-28.9	-3.3	4.7	7.2	0.9
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		268.0	270.9	274.5	-1.6	1.3	0.9	-0.6	1.3
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		189.9	212.1	220.6	-7.1	4.0	3.4	1.3	4.6
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		305.7	306.4	306.7	2.0	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Paint materials(3)	06-22		265.2	265.7	274.8	3.7	3.4	0.2	0.0	3.4
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		179.3	182.2	182.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.0
Biological products, including diagnostics	06-37		281.2	282.1	281.9	1.8	-0.1	0.5	0.1	0.4
Fats and oils, inedible	06-4		185.6	199.6	209.4	8.2	4.9	2.2	5.0	3.8
Nitrogenates	06-52-01		247.3	230.8	231.1	-7.6	0.1	-0.8	2.9	1.3
Phosphates	06-52-02		169.6	167.3	173.1	-2.1	3.5	1.3	1.3	2.0
Other agricultural chemicals(3)	06-53		194.3	195.3	195.3	4.6	0.0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		201.5	215.6	219.3	-2.2	1.7	1.7	4.0	1.5
Industrial gases(3)	06-79-03		274.5	267.3	266.1	-7.2	-0.4	0.0	-2.2	-0.4
Adhesives and sealants(3)	06-79-04	12/83	270.0	270.0	270.4	1.2	0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.1
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		186.5	184.8	186.8	-8.7	1.1	-2.6	0.4	1.1
Tires(3)	07-12-01		149.6	149.5	149.5	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21		230.8	232.4	235.6	2.8	1.4	0.6	0.8	1.4
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, other shapes(3)	07-22		218.6	216.1	220.0	-0.7	1.8	0.8	-1.1	1.8
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		153.1	152.0	151.9	-0.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4	-0.1
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	113.3	110.9	111.3	-3.7	0.4	-1.1	-0.8	0.4
Softwood lumber	08-11		222.5	312.4	398.0	81.2	27.4	11.0	14.9	28.6
Hardwood lumber(3)	08-12		204.4	202.3	205.8	-1.4	1.7	0.3	0.1	1.7
Millwork	08-2		268.6	275.8	283.9	7.9	2.9	1.1	2.0	3.0
Plywood(3)	08-3		197.8	239.4	264.0	36.4	10.3	9.7	10.6	10.3
Paper(3)	09-13		194.5	194.3	194.3	-2.7	0.0	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Paperboard(3)	09-14		255.7	256.3	255.4	-2.6	-0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.4
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		267.9	268.3	268.8	-0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Building paper and board(3)	09-2		213.5	252.9	300.2	52.9	18.7	6.1	10.0	18.7
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	178.2	178.5	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		214.2	212.4	215.0	1.7	1.2	0.1	0.1	1.2
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		182.6	176.9	176.8	-10.2	-0.1	-0.6	-1.7	-0.1
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		178.0	191.8	201.8	8.9	5.2	3.6	1.6	5.2
Secondary nonferrous metals(3)	10-24		236.8	253.4	257.4	8.5	1.6	3.1	1.5	1.6
Aluminum mill shapes(3)	10-25-01		171.1	176.1	188.1	-3.1	6.8	1.8	1.7	6.8
Copper and brass mill shapes(3)	10-25-02		362.8	416.6	429.0	10.9	3.0	7.3	3.2	3.0
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		238.6	248.2	253.4	3.7	2.1	1.2	2.3	2.1
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		212.1	212.5	213.2	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.3
Metal containers(3)	10-3		162.9	162.6	162.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Hardware(3)	10-4		227.8	227.8	227.9	1.7	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Plumbing fixtures and brass fittings	10-5		288.0	286.6	289.7	2.0	1.1	2.2	0.3	0.9
Heating equipment(3)	10-6		283.6	285.1	283.7	1.2	-0.5	-0.2	0.5	-0.5
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.2	237.4	238.7	0.2	0.5	-0.5	-0.5	0.8
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81	00/82	219.2	219.4	219.2	4.4	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3	-0.1
Lighting fixtures(3)	10-83	00/82	188.1	188.0	188.1	1.1	0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Fabricated ferrous wire products(3)	10-88	06/82	252.7	253.5	254.0	-0.1	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.2
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.5	165.7	166.6	-0.2	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.5
Fluid power equipment(3)	11-43		270.9	270.8	270.3	1.6	-0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Mechanical power transmission equipment(3)	11-45		282.9	284.2	284.2	1.5	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		203.0	205.0	205.8	2.4	0.4	-0.3	0.8	0.4
Metal valves, except fluid power	11-49-02	12/82	348.1	348.2	348.2	2.3	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.1
Ball and roller bearings(3)	11-49-05		282.8	282.4	282.0	1.0	-0.1	0.0	0.2	-0.1
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		239.4	241.6	244.1	2.3	1.0	0.5	0.4	1.0
Motors, generators, motor generator sets(3)	11-73		222.2	222.2	222.3	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial controls equip.(3)	11-75		234.9	234.9	235.7	0.5	0.3	0.4	-0.6	0.3
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.9	64.3	64.6	-1.7	0.5	0.0	-0.6	0.5
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		171.1	171.4	171.4	1.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		195.7	195.4	195.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Flat glass(3)	13-11		139.0	138.9	138.8	0.6	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Cement	13-22		259.3	262.2	263.0	1.7	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.4
Concrete products	13-3		280.0	278.3	280.9	2.4	0.9	0.0	-0.3	1.0
Asphalt felts and coatings(3)	13-6		243.6	248.5	254.2	4.4	2.3	1.9	-1.5	2.3
Paving mixtures and blocks(3)	13-94		306.9	305.7	305.6	-5.2	0.0	-2.7	0.3	0.0
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		128.0	127.7	127.8	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	231.5	231.8	232.4	1.2	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	192.3	192.4	192.4	2.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Medical, surgical, and personal aid devices	15-6		185.1	185.6	186.2	1.5	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.4

Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand			150.8	163.6	167.8	-5.4	2.6	-0.7	7.0	3.9
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs			151.9	153.6	157.7	1.4	2.7	4.3	7.0	5.6
Wheat(3)	01-21		145.3	131.3	141.6	13.0	7.8	-1.1	-6.1	7.8
Corn	01-22-02		123.1	120.2	140.5	-3.2	16.9	6.7	-3.6	20.7
Slaughter cattle	01-31		168.2	159.4	157.0	2.5	-1.5	-5.7	10.4	-1.3
Slaughter hogs	01-32		91.3	66.8	83.4	9.6	24.9	-12.8	24.7	55.3
Slaughter chickens	01-41-02		204.5	168.9	159.1	-20.6	-5.8	6.5	2.8	0.4
Slaughter turkeys	01-42		216.0	226.4	230.3	20.4	1.7	-0.7	5.1	-1.0
Raw milk	01-6		103.8	150.9	140.7	-4.4	-6.8	43.7	16.7	-7.4
Alfalfa hay	01-81		300.0	337.9	297.1	-9.0	-12.1	4.1	2.9	-10.3
Oilseeds	01-83-01		159.4	161.4	182.1	16.1	12.8	-2.8	2.2	19.4
Raw cane sugar and byproducts(3)	02-52-01		171.4	174.1	172.5	9.7	-0.9	1.8	-1.2	-0.9
Unprocessed nonfood materials			142.5	162.8	167.0	-9.7	2.6	-4.0	7.0	2.7
Raw cotton(3)	01-51		88.1	94.7	97.6	7.7	3.1	4.3	-0.2	3.1
Hides and skins	04-1		77.9	72.9	75.7	-40.9	3.8	-2.9	2.3	3.6
Coal	05-1		190.1	187.6	188.0	-6.0	0.2	-1.0	-1.1	0.3
Natural gas(3)	05-31		59.9	64.2	72.0	-4.1	12.1	-1.5	22.8	12.1
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		62.5	104.7	94.4	-39.6	-9.8	-13.6	11.4	-9.8
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and woodchips	08-5		235.3	234.6	237.0	-0.6	1.0	-1.7	1.9	0.6
Recyclable paper(3)	09-12		339.7	238.6	253.9	64.1	6.4	-17.8	-8.7	6.4
Iron ores	10-11		146.5	149.6	149.6	2.3	0.0	3.1	1.9	2.5
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		372.9	366.9	421.0	15.2	14.7	-4.3	1.3	14.7
Nonferrous metal ores(3)	10-21	12/83	398.6	453.4	485.0	29.6	7.0	5.3	6.5	7.0
Copper base scrap(3)	10-23-01		361.9	446.1	456.9	17.5	2.4	9.0	2.3	2.4
Aluminum base scrap	10-23-02		151.5	149.4	169.7	2.5	13.6	-2.9	3.1	14.7
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		364.1	366.3	366.7	4.6	0.1	-0.2	0.6	0.3

Services for intermediate demand		11/09	119.7	121.5	122.5	0.3	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.0
Trade services for intermediate demand(4)		11/09	128.0	130.8	133.3	4.7	1.9	1.1	1.2	2.1
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	128.5	134.2	136.3	4.0	1.6	2.1	0.5	1.6
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	101.5	103.0	106.7	5.5	3.6	1.9	-1.4	4.5
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	157.6	167.9	162.2	-4.4	-3.4	0.6	5.3	-3.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	121.4	115.5	116.7	0.7	1.0	-0.6	-4.5	1.0
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	141.6	140.2	142.2	2.7	1.4	-0.2	-0.8	1.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	114.1	113.4	116.0	1.7	2.3	0.4	0.8	2.3
Automotive parts, including tires, retailing(3)	58-61-02	03/09	111.3	115.3	114.5	0.8	-0.7	1.8	0.6	-0.7
Hardware, building material, and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	126.3	143.6	162.0	28.4	12.8	5.8	6.8	13.8
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		11/09	127.8	126.3	126.9	-1.9	0.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.9
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	127.4	127.8	-0.6	0.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	120.6	124.1	123.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.2	1.6	-0.5
Water transportation of freight(3)	30-13	06/09	116.9	116.8	115.9	-5.5	-0.8	0.2	-0.2	-0.8
Air transportation of freight(3)	30-14	12/08	113.0	116.9	115.6	4.2	-1.1	4.3	0.5	-1.1
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products	30-15-01	12/08	163.0	166.6	166.6	3.1	0.0	1.5	0.2	-0.1
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	237.5	237.5	237.5	2.3	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.2
Courier and messenger services, except air mail	30-16-02	04/09	167.5	168.3	168.2	4.4	-0.1	0.3	0.8	0.4
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	175.6	180.5	180.7	1.8	0.1	1.3	0.4	0.4
Transportation of passengers (partial)	30-2	06/09	114.0	105.8	105.4	-14.0	-0.4	-6.9	-3.2	2.5
Services related to water transportation	31-1	06/09	122.5	124.0	124.4	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.8	0.2
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	113.9	89.0	99.5	-14.4	11.8	-5.0	-9.6	11.8
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	106.8	107.7	107.8	0.4	0.1	0.6	2.0	0.1
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		11/09	116.0	118.2	118.7	-0.7	0.4	0.8	0.9	0.6
Network compensation from broadcast TV, cable TV, radio(3)	35	06/09	146.5	146.5	146.5	4.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(3)	36-11	06/09	100.1	100.1	99.7	-1.8	-0.4	0.4	0.8	-0.4
Advertising space sales in directories and mail lists(3)	36-12	12/08	100.8	100.8	100.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Television advertising time sales	36-2	06/09	100.4	105.3	102.1	-1.1	-3.0	6.6	4.3	-5.1
Radio advertising time sales	36-3	03/09	87.3	90.3	91.5	-13.1	1.3	3.9	5.0	0.6
Internet advertising space sales, excluding Internet ads sold by print publishers(3)	36-5	12/09	55.2	57.1	57.0	-6.6	-0.2	-0.6	9.8	-0.2
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	102.0	102.0	101.8	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.0	63.7	64.2	-2.1	0.8	0.3	-0.9	0.5
Cable and satellite subscriber services(3)	37-3	12/08	138.5	138.7	137.9	1.5	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.6
Bundled wired telecommunication access services(3)	37-5	12/11	115.1	115.1	114.4	2.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	103.1	104.5	104.4	1.8	-0.1	0.5	1.0	-0.1
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	164.7	168.5	170.4	-24.0	1.1	-4.6	4.1	4.4
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.6	61.3	60.1	-11.1	-2.0	2.0	1.3	-2.0
Other credit intermediation, incl. trust services (partial)(3)	39-3	04/09	100.1	99.5	104.1	-3.8	4.6	-0.1	0.0	4.6
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	212.1	236.5	239.9	8.8	1.4	7.8	2.4	1.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	203.4	186.8	203.4	7.3	8.9	3.2	-6.2	8.9
Life insurance(3)	41-11-01	03/09	105.3	105.2	105.1	0.8	-0.1	0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Health and medical insurance	41-11-03	03/09	139.2	139.3	139.4	2.7	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2
Property and casualty insurance(3)	41-11-04	03/09	125.6	125.7	125.6	0.6	-0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	118.0	116.6	116.6	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-1.6	0.0
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-1	06/09	108.5	108.5	108.4	0.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	114.3	122.3	126.0	5.7	3.0	1.0	0.6	3.0
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	129.3	130.6	128.9	1.3	-1.3	1.5	-0.2	-1.3
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	118.2	117.8	118.5	0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.4	0.6
Passenger car rental	44-1	03/09	71.0	87.4	82.6	-3.4	-5.5	-0.4	2.8	1.1
Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing(3)	44-2	06/09	111.0	111.1	113.0	2.8	1.7	1.0	0.0	1.7
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	97.6	95.8	94.8	-4.2	-1.0	-1.7	-0.3	-1.0
Legal services	45-1	03/09	141.8	142.7	142.8	5.4	0.1	1.9	0.3	0.4
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	113.3	110.5	110.8	-1.0	0.3	-3.5	1.0	0.3
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.6	117.8	117.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Advertising and related services (partial)(3)	45-5	12/08	107.9	107.8	107.0	-3.0	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	-0.7
Permanent placement services(3)	46-1	03/09	120.4	115.9	116.0	1.0	0.1	-2.4	-0.4	0.1
Executive search services(3)	46-2	12/08	95.6	95.4	95.0	-2.8	-0.4	1.0	-2.9	-0.4
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.1	119.7	118.5	2.8	-1.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.8
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	121.8	122.2	122.6	4.3	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.3	112.0	112.0	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.3	0.0
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	135.9	135.4	136.5	3.3	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.9
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	99.9	103.0	102.7	-16.9	-0.3	-3.2	2.6	3.9
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.3	127.4	127.8	2.7	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Aircraft repair and maintenance	55-4	04/09	126.8	126.8	127.4	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.5
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	189.5	189.7	189.2	0.6	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.3

Construction for intermediate demand		11/09	119.4	119.6	119.6	-0.2	0.0	-1.2	0.1	0.0
Maintenance and repair of non-residential buildings (partial)(3)	80-2	12/10	120.7	120.9	120.8	-0.2	-0.1	-1.2	0.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted. (4) Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 6. Producer price indexes and percent changes for selected commodity groupings of intermediate demand by production flow category(1) [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Unadjusted index			Unadjusted percent change to Sept. 2020 from:		Seasonally adjusted percent change from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	May 2020(2)	Aug. 2020(2)	Sept. 2020(2)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020	June to July	July to Aug.	Aug. to Sept.
Stage 4 intermediate demand		11/09	117.1	119.5	120.5	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.5	1.0
Stage 4 intermediate demand goods		04/10	110.5	112.4	113.1	0.4	0.6	0.9	0.3	0.8
Grains	01-2		131.3	126.8	144.2	1.5	13.7	4.2	-3.7	16.4
Meats	02-21		265.8	175.3	176.6	-4.6	0.7	-8.0	-0.1	2.0
Unprocessed and packaged fish(3)	02-23		332.8	353.5	346.6	-1.1	-2.0	8.1	-1.3	-2.0
Dairy products	02-3		186.5	209.2	202.6	-1.2	-3.2	4.0	-0.4	-3.4
Commercial electric power	05-42		194.9	210.9	210.9	1.2	0.0	2.1	-0.1	0.8
Industrial electric power	05-43		232.8	253.2	255.1	0.3	0.8	-0.6	0.2	1.9
Gasoline	05-71		90.8	132.9	129.1	-28.3	-2.9	10.1	-1.4	-2.8
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		189.9	212.1	220.6	-7.1	4.0	3.4	1.3	4.6
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		305.7	306.4	306.7	2.0	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Medicinal and botanical chemicals(3)	06-31		179.3	182.2	182.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.0
Biological products, including diagnostics	06-37		281.2	282.1	281.9	1.8	-0.1	0.5	0.1	0.4
Pharmaceutical preparations	06-38	06/01	274.5	274.9	274.9	2.4	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.3
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21	00/82	230.8	232.4	235.6	2.8	1.4	0.6	0.8	1.4
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		218.6	216.1	220.0	-0.7	1.8	0.8	-1.1	1.8
Parts for manufacturing from plastics(3)	07-26		153.1	152.0	151.9	-0.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.4	-0.1
Plastic packaging products(3)	07-2A	12/06	113.3	110.9	111.3	-3.7	0.4	-1.1	-0.8	0.4
Lumber	08-1	00/82	211.0	266.6	321.4	52.4	20.6	7.6	10.5	21.4
Millwork	08-2		268.6	275.8	283.9	7.9	2.9	1.1	2.0	3.0
Paper boxes and containers(3)	09-15-03		267.9	268.3	268.8	-0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	178.2	178.5	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		182.6	176.9	176.8	-10.2	-0.1	-0.6	-1.7	-0.1
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		238.6	248.2	253.4	3.7	2.1	1.2	2.3	2.1
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.2	237.4	238.7	0.2	0.5	-0.5	-0.5	0.8
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.5	165.7	166.6	-0.2	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.5
Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment	11-48		203.0	205.0	205.8	2.4	0.4	-0.3	0.8	0.4
Wiring devices(3)	11-71		239.4	241.6	244.1	2.3	1.0	0.5	0.4	1.0
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.9	64.3	64.6	-1.7	0.5	0.0	-0.6	0.5
Miscellaneous electrical machinery and equipment(3)	11-79		124.7	124.8	125.1	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2
Internal combustion engines(3)	11-94		171.1	171.4	171.4	1.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Machine shop products(3)	11-95		195.7	195.4	195.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1
Concrete ingredients and related products	13-2		319.9	322.2	322.7	3.8	0.2	0.1	0.6	0.3
Concrete products	13-3		280.0	278.3	280.9	2.4	0.9	0.0	-0.3	1.0
Prepared asphalt, tar roofing and siding products(3)	13-61		243.4	249.2	255.7	5.2	2.6	2.3	-1.7	2.6
Paving mixtures and blocks(3)	13-94		306.9	305.7	305.6	-5.2	0.0	-2.7	0.3	0.0
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		128.0	127.7	127.8	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aircraft engines and engine parts	14-23	12/85	231.5	231.8	232.4	1.2	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment, n.e.c.	14-25	06/85	192.3	192.4	192.4	2.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Medical, surgical and personal aid devices	15-6		185.1	185.6	186.2	1.5	0.3	0.0	-0.1	0.4
Stage 4 intermediate demand services		04/10	120.2	123.0	124.3	1.4	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.2
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	120.6	124.1	123.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.2	1.6	-0.5
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	149.9	150.8	150.8	3.1	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.3
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	104.8	97.1	96.8	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.3	2.5
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	106.8	107.7	107.8	0.4	0.1	0.6	2.0	0.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals and newspapers(3)	36-11	06/09	100.1	100.1	99.7	-1.8	-0.4	0.4	0.8	-0.4
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	103.1	104.5	104.4	1.8	-0.1	0.5	1.0	-0.1
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	164.7	168.5	170.4	-24.0	1.1	-4.6	4.1	4.4
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.6	61.3	60.1	-11.1	-2.0	2.0	1.3	-2.0
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	212.1	236.5	239.9	8.8	1.4	7.8	2.4	1.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	203.4	186.8	203.4	7.3	8.9	3.2	-6.2	8.9
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.1	126.2	126.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Annuities(3)	41-2	03/09	118.0	116.6	116.6	-0.4	0.0	0.3	-1.6	0.0
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	114.3	122.3	126.0	5.7	3.0	1.0	0.6	3.0
Nonresidential property sales and leases(3)	43-12	12/08	129.3	130.6	128.9	1.3	-1.3	1.5	-0.2	-1.3
Nonresidential property management fees(3)	43-13	12/08	92.9	89.1	92.1	-4.1	3.4	-5.4	6.7	3.4
Residential property management fees(3)	43-22	12/08	118.2	117.8	118.5	0.3	0.6	0.1	-0.4	0.6
Construction, mining, and forestry machinery and equipment rental and leasing(3)	44-3	03/09	97.6	95.8	94.8	-4.2	-1.0	-1.7	-0.3	-1.0
Legal services	45-1	03/09	141.8	142.7	142.8	5.4	0.1	1.9	0.3	0.4
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.9	107.8	107.0	-3.0	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	-0.7
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	113.3	110.5	110.8	-1.0	0.3	-3.5	1.0	0.3
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.6	117.8	117.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.1	119.7	118.5	2.8	-1.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.8
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.3	112.0	112.0	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.3	0.0
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.3	127.4	127.8	2.7	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	128.5	134.2	136.3	4.0	1.6	2.1	0.5	1.6
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	101.5	103.0	106.7	5.5	3.6	1.9	-1.4	4.5
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	157.6	167.9	162.2	-4.4	-3.4	0.6	5.3	-3.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	121.4	115.5	116.7	0.7	1.0	-0.6	-4.5	1.0
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	141.6	140.2	142.2	2.7	1.4	-0.2	-0.8	1.4
Food and alcohol wholesaling(3)	57-8	06/09	115.5	115.6	117.7	2.2	1.8	0.5	0.8	1.8
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	126.3	143.6	162.0	28.4	12.8	5.8	6.8	13.8
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	189.5	189.7	189.2	0.6	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.3

Stage 3 intermediate demand		11/09	109.3	112.9	113.6	-2.4	0.6	1.7	1.4	1.1
Stage 3 intermediate demand goods		04/10	92.6	98.4	98.7	-5.3	0.3	3.5	2.5	0.9
Slaughter cattle	01-31		168.2	159.4	157.0	2.5	-1.5	-5.7	10.4	-1.3
Slaughter hogs	01-32		91.3	66.8	83.4	9.6	24.9	-12.8	24.7	55.3
Slaughter poultry	01-4		204.4	179.1	172.3	-12.4	-3.8	4.5	3.3	0.1
Raw milk	01-6		103.8	150.9	140.7	-4.4	-6.8	43.7	16.7	-7.4
Commercial electric power	05-42		194.9	210.9	210.9	1.2	0.0	2.1	-0.1	0.8
Industrial electric power	05-43		232.8	253.2	255.1	0.3	0.8	-0.6	0.2	1.9
Gasoline	05-71		90.8	132.9	129.1	-28.3	-2.9	10.1	-1.4	-2.8
Jet fuel(3)	05-72-03		69.5	123.0	115.8	-40.8	-5.9	15.0	1.5	-5.9
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Finished lubricants(3)	05-76		436.8	434.4	434.4	-0.7	0.0	-0.7	0.2	0.0
Lubricating oil base stocks(3)	05-78	06/09	66.5	86.2	82.7	-31.8	-4.1	24.1	3.2	-4.1
Asphalt	05-81-02	06/85	129.0	167.7	162.2	-28.9	-3.3	4.7	7.2	0.9
Basic inorganic chemicals(3)	06-13		268.0	270.9	274.5	-1.6	1.3	0.9	-0.6	1.3
Basic organic chemicals	06-14		189.9	212.1	220.6	-7.1	4.0	3.4	1.3	4.6
Paints and allied products(3)	06-2		298.8	299.4	302.0	2.3	0.9	0.6	0.0	0.9
Agricultural chemicals and chemical products	06-5		209.7	207.0	208.7	-0.5	0.8	1.5	1.7	1.6
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		201.5	215.6	219.3	-2.2	1.7	1.7	4.0	1.5
Synthetic rubber(3)	07-11-02		186.5	184.8	186.8	-8.7	1.1	-2.6	0.4	1.1
Unsupported plastic film, sheet, and other shapes(3)	07-22		218.6	216.1	220.0	-0.7	1.8	0.8	-1.1	1.8
Paper(3)	09-13		194.5	194.3	194.3	-2.7	0.0	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Paperboard(3)	09-14		255.7	256.3	255.4	-2.6	-0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.4
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		240.9	241.2	241.8	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	178.2	178.5	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Foundry and forge shop products(3)	10-15		214.2	212.4	215.0	1.7	1.2	0.1	0.1	1.2
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		182.6	176.9	176.8	-10.2	-0.1	-0.6	-1.7	-0.1
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		190.0	200.5	210.0	0.0	4.7	2.7	1.9	4.7
Nonferrous foundry shop products	10-28		212.1	212.5	213.2	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.3
Metal containers(3)	10-3		162.9	162.6	162.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Structural, architectural, and pre-engineered metal products	10-74		229.0	227.6	229.9	-0.1	1.0	-2.2	-0.2	1.1
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers(3)	10-81		219.2	219.4	219.2	4.4	-0.1	-0.5	-0.3	-0.1
Other miscellaneous metal products(3)	10-89		166.5	165.7	166.6	-0.2	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.5
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		250.7	251.5	251.4	1.5	0.0	-0.1	0.4	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		117.7	117.5	117.8	0.8	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		364.1	366.3	366.7	4.6	0.1	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Cement	13-22		259.3	262.2	263.0	1.7	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.4
Motor vehicle parts(3)	14-12		128.0	127.7	127.8	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	14-2		280.7	281.0	281.3	1.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.2
Stage 3 intermediate demand services		04/10	118.8	119.8	120.8	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.7	1.0
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	127.4	127.8	-0.6	0.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Courier, messenger, and U.S. postal services	30-16	06/09	149.9	150.8	150.8	3.1	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.3
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	113.9	89.0	99.5	-14.4	11.8	-5.0	-9.6	11.8
Freight forwarding(3)	31-32-01	12/08	100.0	97.7	97.2	-1.2	-0.5	-0.8	0.8	-0.5
Warehousing, storage, and related services(3)	32-1	12/08	106.8	107.7	107.8	0.4	0.1	0.6	2.0	0.1
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	99.6	99.5	99.2	-1.5	-0.3	0.3	0.6	-0.3
Wired telephone services(3)	37-1	06/09	117.8	117.5	117.3	0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.2
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	115.1	115.1	114.4	2.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	103.1	104.5	104.4	1.8	-0.1	0.5	1.0	-0.1
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	164.7	168.5	170.4	-24.0	1.1	-4.6	4.1	4.4
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.6	61.3	60.1	-11.1	-2.0	2.0	1.3	-2.0
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.1	126.2	126.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	114.3	122.3	126.0	5.7	3.0	1.0	0.6	3.0
Legal services	45-1	03/09	141.8	142.7	142.8	5.4	0.1	1.9	0.3	0.4
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	113.3	110.5	110.8	-1.0	0.3	-3.5	1.0	0.3
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.6	117.8	117.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.9	107.8	107.0	-3.0	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	-0.7
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.1	119.7	118.5	2.8	-1.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.8
Aircraft repair maintenance	55-4	04/09	126.8	126.8	127.4	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.6	0.5
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	128.5	134.2	136.3	4.0	1.6	2.1	0.5	1.6
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	101.5	103.0	106.7	5.5	3.6	1.9	-1.4	4.5
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	157.6	167.9	162.2	-4.4	-3.4	0.6	5.3	-3.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	121.4	115.5	116.7	0.7	1.0	-0.6	-4.5	1.0
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	141.6	140.2	142.2	2.7	1.4	-0.2	-0.8	1.4
Food wholesaling(3)	57-81-01	03/09	114.1	113.4	116.0	1.7	2.3	0.4	0.8	2.3
Metal treatment services(3)	59-1	12/84	189.5	189.7	189.2	0.6	-0.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.3

Stage 2 intermediate demand		11/09	97.6	101.6	102.3	-2.8	0.7	0.0	1.8	1.0
Stage 2 intermediate demand goods		04/10	71.0	77.2	78.4	-7.8	1.6	-1.2	3.9	1.8
Corn	01-22-02		123.1	120.2	140.5	-3.2	16.9	6.7	-3.6	20.7
Oilseeds	01-83		159.4	161.4	182.1	16.1	12.8	-2.8	2.2	19.4
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		192.9	187.3	189.1	1.0	1.0	-0.7	-0.4	2.6
Coal	05-1		190.1	187.6	188.0	-6.0	0.2	-1.0	-1.1	0.3
Natural gas(3)	05-31		59.9	64.2	72.0	-4.1	12.1	-1.5	22.8	12.1
Liquefied petroleum gas(3)	05-32		63.7	101.3	97.5	-14.2	-3.8	2.4	7.0	-3.8
Crude petroleum(3)	05-61		62.5	104.7	94.4	-39.6	-9.8	-13.6	11.4	-9.8
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Industrial chemicals	06-1		200.0	219.5	227.3	-6.3	3.6	2.9	1.0	4.0
Plastic resins and materials	06-6		201.5	215.6	219.3	-2.2	1.7	1.7	4.0	1.5
Plastic products(3)	07-2		206.8	205.0	206.5	-0.9	0.7	-0.1	-0.3	0.7
Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, and wood chips	08-5		235.3	234.6	237.0	-0.6	1.0	-1.7	1.9	0.6
Paper(3)	09-13		194.5	194.3	194.3	-2.7	0.0	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Paperboard, excluding corrugated paperboard(3)	09-14-11	12/82	268.4	269.2	268.2	-2.3	-0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.4
Commercial printing(3)	09-47	06/82	178.3	178.2	178.5	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		372.9	366.9	421.0	15.2	14.7	-4.3	1.3	14.7
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		182.6	176.9	176.8	-10.2	-0.1	-0.6	-1.7	-0.1
Nonferrous mill shapes(3)	10-25		190.0	200.5	210.0	0.0	4.7	2.7	1.9	4.7
Electrical machinery and equipment	11-7		117.7	117.5	117.8	0.8	0.3	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Electronic components and accessories	11-78		64.9	64.3	64.6	-1.7	0.5	0.0	-0.6	0.5
Stage 2 intermediate demand services		04/10	118.8	120.3	120.6	0.8	0.2	0.8	0.7	0.4
Rail transportation of freight and mail(3)	30-11	12/08	127.8	127.4	127.8	-0.6	0.3	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	120.6	124.1	123.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.2	1.6	-0.5
Pipeline transportation of petroleum products	30-15-01	12/08	163.0	166.6	166.6	3.1	0.0	1.5	0.2	-0.1
U.S. Postal Service	30-16-01	06/89	237.5	237.5	237.5	2.3	0.0	-0.1	0.2	0.2
Courier and messenger services, except air	30-16-02	04/09	167.5	168.3	168.2	4.4	-0.1	0.3	0.8	0.4
Air mail and package delivery services, excluding by USPS	30-16-03	04/09	175.6	180.5	180.7	1.8	0.1	1.3	0.4	0.4
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	104.8	97.1	96.8	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.3	2.5
Arrangement of freight and cargo(3)	31-31	12/08	113.9	89.0	99.5	-14.4	11.8	-5.0	-9.6	11.8
Television advertising time sales	36-21	06/09	100.4	105.3	102.1	-1.1	-3.0	6.6	4.3	-5.1
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.0	63.7	64.2	-2.1	0.8	0.3	-0.9	0.5
Data processing and related services(3)	38-1	06/09	103.1	104.5	104.4	1.8	-0.1	0.5	1.0	-0.1
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	212.1	236.5	239.9	8.8	1.4	7.8	2.4	1.4
Investment banking(3)	40-31	12/08	203.4	186.8	203.4	7.3	8.9	3.2	-6.2	8.9
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.1	126.2	126.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Commissions from sales of insurance(3)	42-11	06/09	108.5	108.5	108.4	0.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Legal services	45-1	03/09	141.8	142.7	142.8	5.4	0.1	1.9	0.3	0.4
Accounting services (partial)	45-2	06/09	113.3	110.5	110.8	-1.0	0.3	-3.5	1.0	0.3
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	45-4	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Advertising agency services(3)	45-51	12/08	107.9	107.8	107.0	-3.0	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	-0.7
Staffing services	46-3	06/09	118.1	119.7	118.5	2.8	-1.0	-0.3	0.8	-0.8
Security guard services(3)	48-1	03/09	121.8	122.2	122.6	4.3	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3
Janitorial services(3)	49-1	03/09	112.3	112.0	112.0	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.3	0.0
Traveler accommodation services	53-1	06/09	99.9	103.0	102.7	-16.9	-0.3	-3.2	2.6	3.9
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.3	127.4	127.8	2.7	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	126.3	143.6	162.0	28.4	12.8	5.8	6.8	13.8

Stage 1 intermediate demand		11/09	105.6	110.5	112.2	-1.3	1.5	1.4	1.0	1.8
Stage 1 intermediate demand goods		04/10	84.8	91.3	93.2	-1.3	2.1	2.6	1.2	2.3
Prepared animal feeds	02-9		192.9	187.3	189.1	1.0	1.0	-0.7	-0.4	2.6
Commercial electric power	05-42		194.9	210.9	210.9	1.2	0.0	2.1	-0.1	0.8
Industrial electric power	05-43		232.8	253.2	255.1	0.3	0.8	-0.6	0.2	1.9
Commercial natural gas	05-52	12/90	178.8	182.3	185.8	0.8	1.9	-1.1	0.8	3.5
Industrial natural gas	05-53	12/90	130.8	133.0	143.0	1.5	7.5	-3.1	5.9	7.7
Gasoline	05-71		90.8	132.9	129.1	-28.3	-2.9	10.1	-1.4	-2.8
No. 2 diesel fuel	05-73-03		108.3	192.1	186.9	-14.4	-2.7	31.3	6.1	-4.9
Industrial chemicals	06-1		200.0	219.5	227.3	-6.3	3.6	2.9	1.0	4.0
Prepared paint(3)	06-21		305.7	306.4	306.7	2.0	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.1
Plastic construction products(3)	07-21		230.8	232.4	235.6	2.8	1.4	0.6	0.8	1.4
Recyclable paper(3)	09-12		339.7	238.6	253.9	64.1	6.4	-17.8	-8.7	6.4
Paper(3)	09-13		194.5	194.3	194.3	-2.7	0.0	0.4	-0.1	0.0
Converted paper and paperboard products(3)	09-15		240.9	241.2	241.8	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2
Iron and steel scrap(3)	10-12		372.9	366.9	421.0	15.2	14.7	-4.3	1.3	14.7
Steel mill products(3)	10-17		182.6	176.9	176.8	-10.2	-0.1	-0.6	-1.7	-0.1
Primary nonferrous metals(3)	10-22		178.0	191.8	201.8	8.9	5.2	3.6	1.6	5.2
Nonferrous scrap	10-23		344.7	403.1	420.8	23.7	4.4	3.9	7.8	4.7
Nonferrous wire and cable(3)	10-26		238.6	248.2	253.4	3.7	2.1	1.2	2.3	2.1
Fabricated structural metal products	10-7		238.2	237.4	238.7	0.2	0.5	-0.5	-0.5	0.8
General purpose machinery and equipment	11-4		250.7	251.5	251.4	1.5	0.0	-0.1	0.4	0.0
Construction sand, gravel, and crushed stone	13-21		364.1	366.3	366.7	4.6	0.1	-0.2	0.6	0.3
Stage 1 intermediate demand services		04/10	119.6	121.1	122.2	-1.5	0.9	0.1	0.8	1.3
Truck transportation of freight(3)	30-12	06/09	120.6	124.1	123.5	-1.3	-0.5	2.2	1.6	-0.5
Airline passenger services	30-22	12/08	104.8	97.1	96.8	-14.3	-0.3	-7.0	-3.3	2.5
Advertising space sales in periodicals, newspapers, directories, and mailing lists(3)	36-1	06/09	99.6	99.5	99.2	-1.5	-0.3	0.3	0.6	-0.3
Business wired telecommunication services(3)	37-12	06/09	102.0	102.0	101.8	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Wireless telecommunication services	37-2	06/09	64.0	63.7	64.2	-2.1	0.8	0.3	-0.9	0.5
Bundled wired telecommunications access services(3)	37-5	12/11	115.1	115.1	114.4	2.7	-0.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Business loans (partial)	39-11	04/09	164.7	168.5	170.4	-24.0	1.1	-4.6	4.1	4.4
Deposit services (partial)(3)	39-2	04/09	61.6	61.3	60.1	-11.1	-2.0	2.0	1.3	-2.0
Securities brokerage, dealing, investment advice, and related services(3)	40-1	06/09	128.9	142.0	146.1	-10.9	2.9	1.9	5.0	2.9
Portfolio management(3)	40-2	12/08	212.1	236.5	239.9	8.8	1.4	7.8	2.4	1.4
Investment banking(3)	40-3	12/08	203.4	186.8	203.4	7.3	8.9	3.2	-6.2	8.9
Insurance	41-11	06/09	126.1	126.2	126.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Nonresidential real estate rents(3)	43-11	06/09	114.3	122.3	126.0	5.7	3.0	1.0	0.6	3.0
Architectural and engineering services(3)	45-3	06/09	117.6	117.8	117.7	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Management consulting services	45-41	06/09	98.0	97.8	97.4	-6.2	-0.4	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
Waste collection	50-1	12/08	135.9	135.4	136.5	3.3	0.8	0.2	0.2	0.9
Traveler accommodation services	53-11	06/09	99.9	103.0	102.7	-16.9	-0.3	-3.2	2.6	3.9
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance(3)	55-1	03/09	127.3	127.4	127.8	2.7	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3
Machinery and equipment parts and supplies wholesaling(3)	57-11-02	03/09	128.5	134.2	136.3	4.0	1.6	2.1	0.5	1.6
Building materials, paint, and hardware wholesaling	57-3	03/09	101.5	103.0	106.7	5.5	3.6	1.9	-1.4	4.5
Metals, minerals, and ores wholesaling(3)	57-4	03/09	157.6	167.9	162.2	-4.4	-3.4	0.6	5.3	-3.4
Chemicals and allied products wholesaling(3)	57-5	03/09	121.4	115.5	116.7	0.7	1.0	-0.6	-4.5	1.0
Paper and plastics products wholesaling(3)	57-6	03/09	141.6	140.2	142.2	2.7	1.4	-0.2	-0.8	1.4
Hardware and building materials and supplies retailing	58-D	03/09	126.3	143.6	162.0	28.4	12.8	5.8	6.8	13.8
Mining services(3)	60-1	06/85	220.9	218.4	219.0	-5.5	0.3	-0.3	-1.1	0.3
Footnotes (1) Further information about the Final Demand-Intermediate Demand Aggregation system is available online at https://www.bls.gov/ppi/fdidaggregation.htm (2) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication. (3) Not seasonally adjusted.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Table 7. Producer price indexes for selected final demand and intermediate demand categories, seasonally adjusted [Nov 2009=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Other index base	Index(1)
Grouping	Other index base	Apr. 2020	May 2020	June 2020	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020
Final demand		116.6	117.2	117.3	118.0	118.4	118.9
Final demand goods		110.3	112.0	112.5	113.4	113.5	114.0
Final demand foods		118.6	125.3	119.2	118.6	118.1	119.5
Final demand energy		76.1	79.4	87.1	91.7	91.6	91.3
Final demand goods less foods and energy		117.9	117.8	117.9	118.3	118.6	119.1
Final demand services		119.3	119.4	119.2	119.8	120.4	120.9
Final demand trade services		121.7	121.4	120.6	121.6	123.0	123.2
Final demand transportation and warehousing services		117.8	119.5	119.9	119.0	119.2	119.7
Final demand services less trade, transportation, and warehousing		118.3	118.4	118.5	119.0	119.4	120.0
Intermediate demand by commodity type
Processed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	185.3	185.3	187.7	190.5	191.6	193.5
Materials and components for manufacturing	00/82	177.6	177.3	177.3	178.2	179.1	181.3
Materials and components for construction	00/82	252.3	252.2	253.8	255.0	257.2	262.7
Processed fuels and lubricants for intermediate demand	00/82	133.5	132.4	145.0	155.8	158.4	158.7
Containers for intermediate demand	00/82	235.4	235.4	234.6	235.0	235.5	235.7
Supplies for intermediate demand	00/82	200.4	202.0	200.6	200.9	200.9	202.2
Unprocessed goods for intermediate demand	00/82	137.0	148.8	154.7	153.6	164.3	170.7
Unprocessed foodstuffs and feedstuffs	00/82	137.1	148.0	138.8	144.8	154.9	163.5
Unprocessed nonfood materials except fuel	00/82	163.2	175.4	210.6	199.8	209.6	211.2
Unprocessed fuel	00/82	77.6	87.7	81.6	81.0	91.6	98.8
Services for intermediate demand		120.0	119.6	119.7	120.5	121.4	122.6
Trade services for intermediate demand		127.6	127.8	127.8	129.2	130.7	133.5
Transportation and warehousing services for intermediate demand		126.8	127.8	127.0	126.5	126.4	127.5
Services less trade, transportation, and warehousing for intermediate demand		116.8	116.0	116.2	117.1	118.1	118.8
Intermediate demand by production flow
Stage 4 intermediate demand		116.8	116.9	117.4	118.6	119.2	120.4
Inputs to stage 4 goods producers		114.1	114.4	114.5	115.0	115.1	116.1
Inputs to stage 4 services producers		118.9	119.3	119.5	120.7	121.3	122.3
Inputs to stage 4 construction producers		115.3	114.7	116.5	118.7	120.2	122.2
Stage 3 intermediate demand		107.8	108.8	109.2	111.1	112.7	113.9
Inputs to stage 3 goods producers		110.5	112.2	110.2	112.5	115.3	117.1
Inputs to stage 3 services producers		106.6	107.2	109.5	110.7	111.2	111.8
Inputs to stage 3 construction producers		87.9	83.7	91.0	101.6	105.2	105.3
Stage 2 intermediate demand		96.0	97.5	99.7	99.7	101.5	102.5
Inputs to stage 2 goods producers		75.3	78.0	82.4	81.2	84.2	85.7
Inputs to stage 2 services producers		116.2	116.5	116.7	117.7	118.6	119.1
Stage 1 intermediate demand		106.2	105.4	107.4	108.9	110.0	112.0
Inputs to stage 1 goods producers		99.8	99.5	101.8	102.6	103.5	106.5
Inputs to stage 1 services producers		111.4	109.8	111.7	114.0	115.2	116.0
Inputs to stage 1 construction producers		117.6	117.2	118.7	120.5	122.0	124.8

Special groupings
Final demand less foods and energy	04/10	117.9	118.0	117.8	118.4	118.9	119.4
Final demand less foods	04/10	114.8	115.1	115.4	116.2	116.7	117.1
Final demand less energy	04/10	117.7	118.2	117.7	118.1	118.6	119.1
Total finished(2)	01/10	116.6	117.4	117.3	117.9	118.4	118.7
Total exports	04/10	110.5	110.7	111.0	111.8	112.2	113.5
Total Government purchases	04/10	109.0	109.0	109.6	110.7	111.3	111.5
Total private capital investment (goods, services, and construction)	04/10	116.4	116.0	116.2	117.3	117.7	117.7
Finished goods(2)	00/82	196.3	200.4	201.2	202.7	202.6	203.0

Processed materials less foods and feeds	00/82	184.7	183.5	187.1	190.4	191.7	193.7
Processed foods and feeds	00/82	192.9	204.8	194.3	193.0	192.0	192.0
Processed energy goods	00/82	134.1	133.0	145.7	156.5	159.1	159.4
Processed materials less foods and energy	00/82	196.1	194.9	195.9	196.9	197.8	200.3

Unprocessed materials less agricultural products	00/82	129.5	142.0	159.1	152.1	163.8	167.1
Unprocessed energy materials	00/82	70.8	84.4	102.7	95.1	106.2	105.5
Unprocessed nonfood materials less energy	00/82	326.3	327.4	330.9	331.8	337.6	361.8

Total goods inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	109.7	110.2	110.7	111.7	112.0	112.9
Total services inputs to stage 4 intermediate demand	04/10	120.4	120.1	120.7	121.9	122.9	124.4
Total goods inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	89.6	91.7	92.6	95.8	98.2	99.1
Total services inputs to stage 3 intermediate demand	04/10	119.1	118.8	118.6	118.9	119.7	120.9
Total goods inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	68.3	70.8	75.2	74.3	77.2	78.6
Total services inputs to stage 2 intermediate demand	04/10	118.2	118.7	118.6	119.5	120.3	120.8
Total goods inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	85.2	84.4	87.4	89.7	90.8	92.9
Total services inputs to stage 1 intermediate demand	04/10	120.5	119.7	119.8	119.9	120.8	122.4
Footnotes (1) All seasonally adjusted indexes are subject to change up to 5 years after original publication due to the recalculation of seasonal factors each January. The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. (2) PPI defines Total finished as including only the personal consumption and private capital investment portions of final demand.

Table 8. Producer price indexes for selected commodity groupings, not seasonally adjusted [1982=100, unless otherwise indicated]
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	Index			Percent change to Sept. 2020 from:
Grouping	Commodity code	Other index base	May 2020(1)	Aug. 2020(1)	Sept. 2020(1)	Sept. 2019	Aug. 2020
Goods
All commodities			188.6	194.0	195.4	-1.5	0.7
Farm products, processed foods and feeds			199.4	190.5	192.1	0.7	0.8
Farm products	01		148.8	150.1	157.6	4.0	5.0
Processed foods and feeds	02		224.1	210.3	209.1	-0.4	-0.6
Industrial commodities			185.8	194.3	195.6	-2.0	0.7
Textile products and apparel	03		149.1	149.4	149.1	-1.1	-0.2
Hides, skins, leather, and related products	04		146.0	144.5	146.0	-11.8	1.0
Fuels and related products and power	05		122.2	147.4	146.9	-12.4	-0.3
Chemicals and allied products	06		268.7	277.7	281.1	-1.4	1.2
Rubber and plastic products	07		193.9	192.6	193.7	-0.9	0.6
Lumber and wood products	08		237.7	261.4	283.4	20.1	8.4
Pulp, paper, and allied products	09		260.3	259.1	261.0	1.4	0.7
Metals and metal products	10		214.3	217.3	221.9	1.8	2.1
Machinery and equipment	11		144.8	144.8	145.0	1.0	0.1
Furniture and household durables	12		178.9	179.6	179.8	1.6	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral products	13		256.9	256.6	257.9	1.5	0.5
Transportation equipment	14		183.5	183.4	183.7	0.8	0.2
Miscellaneous products	15		280.2	283.1	283.3	2.7	0.1
Industrial commodities less fuels			204.4	206.5	208.4	1.1	0.9
Other commodity groupings
Petroleum products, refined	057		98.3	149.1	145.2	-23.7	-2.6
Industrial chemicals	061		200.0	219.5	227.3	-6.3	3.6
Rubber and rubber products	071		177.9	177.5	177.7	-1.3	0.1
Lumber	081		211.0	266.6	321.4	52.4	20.6
Iron and steel	101		203.5	198.7	204.5	-3.7	2.9
Nonferrous metals	102		239.5	259.5	270.2	10.5	4.1
General purpose machinery and equipment	114		250.7	251.5	251.4	1.5	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment	117		117.7	117.5	117.8	0.8	0.3
Electronic components and accessories	1178		64.9	64.3	64.6	-1.7	0.5
Aircraft and aircraft equipment	142		280.7	281.0	281.3	1.4	0.1
Services and construction
Transportation services	30	06/09	127.9	127.7	127.4	-2.9	-0.2
Services related to transportation activities	31	06/09	115.0	107.4	111.0	-5.8	3.4
Warehousing, storage, and related activities	32	12/08	106.8	107.7	107.8	0.4	0.1
Publishing sales, excluding software	33	06/09	127.9	128.1	127.6	4.2	-0.4
Software publishing	34	06/09	92.2	92.8	93.4	0.8	0.6
Network compensation from broadcast and cable television and radio	35	06/09	146.5	146.5	146.5	4.6	0.0
Advertising space and time sales	36	06/09	90.6	93.4	92.1	-3.5	-1.4
Telecommunication, cable, and internet user services	37	06/09	103.7	103.5	103.4	0.4	-0.1
Data processing and related services	38	06/09	103.1	104.5	104.4	1.8	-0.1
Credit intermediation services (partial)	39	06/09	81.7	82.3	82.8	-12.3	0.6
Investment services	40	06/09	165.4	179.3	184.3	1.5	2.8
Insurance and annuities	41	06/09	124.6	124.5	124.5	1.1	0.0
Commissions and fees from sales and administration of insurance policies (partial)	42	06/09	108.5	108.5	108.4	0.5	-0.1
Real estate services (partial)	43	06/09	124.6	129.5	132.0	3.9	1.9
Rental and leasing of goods (partial)	44	06/09	88.1	94.9	92.8	-2.1	-2.2
Professional services (partial)	45	06/09	121.2	121.1	121.0	0.3	-0.1
Employment services	46	06/09	117.7	119.0	117.9	2.5	-0.9
Travel arrangement services	47	06/09	96.1	94.2	94.3	-11.6	0.1
Selected security services (partial)	48	03/09	121.8	122.2	122.6	4.3	0.3
Cleaning and building maintenance services (partial)	49	03/09	112.3	112.0	112.0	-0.1	0.0
Waste collection and remediation services (partial)	50	12/08	135.9	135.4	136.5	3.3	0.8
Health care services	51	06/09	124.1	124.9	125.1	3.0	0.2
Accommodation services	53	06/09	99.9	103.0	102.7	-16.9	-0.3
Food and beverages for immediate consumption services (partial)	54	06/09	119.0	119.8	121.4	1.2	1.3
Repair and maintenance services (partial)	55	06/09	132.5	132.8	133.2	1.9	0.3
Entertainment services (partial)	56	06/09	119.9	117.4	118.1	1.7	0.6
Wholesale trade services	57	06/09	122.8	125.5	125.9	2.4	0.3
Retail trade services	58	06/09	123.7	123.6	125.2	4.3	1.3
Metal treatment services	59	12/84	189.5	189.7	189.2	0.6	-0.3
Mining services	60	06/85	220.9	218.4	219.0	-5.5	0.3
Contract work on textile products, apparel, and leather	61	06/10	119.9	120.5	120.9	4.2	0.3
Construction (partial)	80	06/09	124.8	124.9	124.8	1.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes for May 2020 have been recalculated to incorporate late reports and corrections by respondents. All indexes are subject to revision 4 months after original publication.
"-" Data not available. NOTE: The term "(partial)" denotes incomplete coverage of the index category.

Last Modified Date: October 14, 2020