For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, May 28, 2020                                       USDL-20-1103

Technical information:     (202) 691-5606  •  productivity@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/lpc 
Media contact:             (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov


                                 PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY
                            SELECTED SERVICE-PROVIDING INDUSTRIES -- 2019


Labor productivity rose in 14 of 29 selected service-providing industries in 2019, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was one-third fewer industries compared to 2018 
when labor productivity increased in 21 of 29 industries. Output increased in 17 industries in 
2019 while hours worked increased in 18 industries.  

Trends in Labor Productivity in 2019

    •  Labor productivity increased in 14 of 29 industries in 2019. Among those with increasing 
       productivity, output grew in 9 industries and hours worked grew in 5 industries.
    •  Productivity gains of at least 6.0 percent occurred in 2 industries: wireless 
       telecommunications carriers (13.2 percent) and gambling industries (8.8 percent). In both 
       industries, output increases coincided with declines in hours worked.
    •  Hours worked grew in 18 of the 29 industries.
    •  Hours worked increased in 13 out of the 15 industries which recorded declines in 
       productivity. Of these, the largest gains in hours worked were in couriers and messengers 
       (13.4 percent) and truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing (8.1 percent); all 
       other industries had gains of 4.0 percent or less. 

Unit labor costs declined in 5 industries in 2019. Each of the industries with a decline in 
unit labor costs also recorded an increase in productivity. Increases in labor productivity 
counter the impact of rising hourly compensation on unit labor costs facing employers.

Trends in Unit Labor Costs in 2019

    •  The largest declines in unit labor costs were in periodical publishers (-6.7 percent) and 
       gambling industries (-5.3 percent). Productivity grew in both industries while hourly 
       compensation fell in periodical publishers and rose in gambling industries.
    •  All unit labor cost declines occurred in industries where productivity rose. 
    •  Each of the industries where productivity fell also recorded an increase in unit labor 
       costs. 
    •  Hourly compensation rose in 27 of the 29 industries measured. 

Long Term Productivity Trends 

    •  Over the long term, productivity rose in 46 out of 58 service-providing industries. For the 
       majority of the industries studied, this period extends from 1987 to 2018. 
    •  Median long term productivity growth for all 58 industries was approximately 1.5 percent 
       per year.
    •  Output increased over the long term in 45 industries while hours worked increased in 38 
       industries.
    •  Productivity increased in 41 of the 58 industries in the period from 2007 to 2018 that 
       began with a severe recession. During this period, only 38 industries had increases in 
       output and 25 experienced growth in hours worked. 

Additional Information

Time periods for data covered by this release precede, and are therefore not impacted by, 
COVID-19.

The productivity and costs measures in this release incorporate data from the Census Bureau’s 
Service Annual Survey (November 2019) and Nonemployer Statistics (June 2019). Accordingly, the 
labor productivity and output series for all industries have been revised for 2018 and earlier 
years.

Access the productivity data dashboard at www.bls.gov/lpc/lpc_by_industry_dashboard.xlsx for
    •  Additional industries and sectors
    •  Detailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and 
       levels of industry employment, hours worked, nominal value of production, and labor 
       compensation 
    •  Additional years and long-term data

Subscribe to productivity news releases on the BLS website at 
subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon 
request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
	

                                       Technical Note

Labor Productivity:  Labor productivity describes the relationship between real output and the 
labor hours involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in 
the amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity 
measures relate output in an industry to hours worked of all persons in that industry, they do not 
measure the specific contribution of labor to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects 
of many influences, including: changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, 
energy, and materials; the use of purchased services inputs, including contract employment 
services; the organization of production; the characteristics and effort of the workforce; and 
managerial skill.

Unit Labor Costs:  Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of 
output. The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor 
compensation by an index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship 
between compensation per hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly 
compensation increase unit labor costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation 
increases and reduce unit labor costs.

Output:  Real industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the 
various products (in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is 
usually derived by deflating nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for 
some industries it is measured by physical quantities of output. 

Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and 
annual surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with 
information on price changes from BLS. Other data sources include: the Energy Information 
Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. 
Department of Transportation; the U.S. Postal Service; the Postal Rate Commission; and the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Data from the Quarterly Service Survey from the Census 
Bureau are used to construct preliminary output measures for 2019 for some industries. Data from 
both the Census Bureau's Quarterly Service Survey and Monthly Retail Trade Survey are used to 
construct preliminary output measures for 2019 for some industries.

Labor Hours:  Labor hours are measured as annual hours worked by all employed persons in an 
industry. Data on industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current 
Employment Statistics (CES) survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the 
number of total and production worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm 
establishments are supplemented with CPS self-employed and unpaid family worker data to 
estimate industry employment. Hours worked estimates are derived using CES and CPS 
employment, CES data on the average weekly hours paid of production workers, CPS data on 
hours of nonproduction, self-employed, and unpaid family workers, and ratios of hours worked to 
hours paid based on data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). For some industries, 
employment and hours data are supplemented or further disaggregated using data from the BLS 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or other sources. 
Additional sources of employment and hours data for certain service industries include the 
Association of American Railroads, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Postal 
Service. Hours worked are estimated separately for different types of workers and then are directly 
aggregated; no adjustments for labor composition are made.

Labor Compensation:  Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a 
measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, 
wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in 
kind. Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for 
voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and 
survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for 
voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the 
employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures 
are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Census 
Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. The estimates for 2019 are constructed using data from 
the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW).

Table 1.  Recent labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data




	
Industry
	
2017 NAICS code
	
2019
Employment
(thousands)
	
Percent change, 2018-2019


	
Labor productivity
	
Unit labor costs
	
Output
	
Hours worked
	
Labor compensation






	
Utilities
				




	



	
Utilities
	
22
	
549.0
	
-0.1
	
5.0
	
-1.8
	
-1.8
	
3.1



	
Utilities
	
221
	
549.0
	
-0.1
	
5.0
	
-1.8
	
-1.8
	
3.1



	
Power generation and supply
	
2211
	
385.5
	
1.1
	
5.2
	
-2.6
	
-3.7
	
2.5



	
Natural gas distribution
	
2212
	
110.3
	
-2.2
	
3.2
	
1.7
	
4.0
	
4.9



	
Water, sewage and other systems
	
2213
	
53.2
	
-3.7
	
8.1
	
-2.5
	
1.2
	
5.4



	



	
Transportation and Warehousing
				




	



	
Air transportation
	
481
	
492.5
	
2.5
	
3.5
	
4.0
	
1.5
	
7.7



	
Line-haul railroads
	
482111
	
158.8
	
5.3
	
-1.9
	
-0.1
	
-5.1
	
-1.9



	
Truck transportation
	
484
	
1,765.7
	
-6.4
	
11.0
	
-4.2
	
2.3
	
6.3



	
General freight trucking
	
4841
	
1,274.3
	
-6.6
	
11.3
	
-4.3
	
2.5
	
6.6



	
General freight trucking, local
	
48411
	
343.9
	
-11.2
	
18.4
	
-8.3
	
3.3
	
8.5



	
General freight trucking, long-distance
	
48412
	
930.4
	
-5.5
	
9.8
	
-3.5
	
2.2
	
6.0



	
Specialized freight trucking
	
4842
	
491.4
	
-6.0
	
10.2
	
-4.2
	
1.9
	
5.6



	
Postal service
	
491
	
607.3
	
-2.7
	
11.4
	
-2.4
	
0.3
	
8.7



	
Postal service
	
4911
	
607.3
	
-2.7
	
11.4
	
-2.4
	
0.3
	
8.7



	
Couriers and messengers
	
492
	
872.5
	
-10.8
	
13.2
	
1.1
	
13.4
	
14.5



	
Warehousing and storage
	
493
	
1,197.7
	
5.6
	
2.6
	
6.7
	
1.0
	
9.5



	
Warehousing and storage
	
4931
	
1,197.7
	
5.6
	
2.6
	
6.7
	
1.0
	
9.5



	



	
Information
				




	



	
Publishing
	
511
	
790.6
	
6.6
	
-0.5
	
8.2
	
1.4
	
7.6



	
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers
	
5111
	
329.5
	
2.6
	
0.3
	
-5.3
	
-7.7
	
-5.0



	
Newspaper publishers
	
51111
	
144.4
	
1.5
	
5.9
	
-6.7
	
-8.0
	
-1.2



	
Periodical publishers
	
51112
	
90.2
	
5.9
	
-6.7
	
-2.2
	
-7.6
	
-8.8



	
Software publishers
	
5112
	
461.1
	
4.8
	
-1.1
	
13.5
	
8.3
	
12.3



	
Broadcasting, except Internet
	
515
	
277.7
	
-0.9
	
5.2
	
-0.3
	
0.6
	
4.9



	
Radio and television broadcasting
	
5151
	
222.8
	
0.6
	
4.4
	
1.4
	
0.8
	
5.9



	
Cable and other subscription programming
	
5152
	
54.9
	
-2.4
	
5.4
	
-2.4
	
-0.1
	
2.9



	
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers
	
5173
	
630.5
	
7.9
	
0.7
	
-0.3
	
-7.6
	
0.4



	
Wired telecommunications carriers
	
517311
	
523.6
	
5.5
	
2.1
	
-2.1
	
-7.2
	
-0.1



	
Wireless telecommunications carriers
	
517312
	
106.9
	
13.2
	
-0.5
	
2.3
	
-9.6
	
1.8



	



	
Finance and Insurance
				




	



	
Commercial banking
	
52211
	
1,391.2
	
2.5
	
0.8
	
1.9
	
-0.6
	
2.7



	



	
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
				




	



	
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing
	
53212
	
91.8
	
-5.7
	
10.4
	
1.9
	
8.1
	
12.6



	



	
Professional and Technical Services
				




	



	
Accounting and bookkeeping services
	
5412
	
1,191.6
	
-1.8
	
4.5
	
0.1
	
2.0
	
4.6



	
Accounting and bookkeeping services
	
54121
	
1,191.6
	
-1.8
	
4.5
	
0.1
	
2.0
	
4.6



	
Engineering services
	
54133
	
1,044.3
	
-2.3
	
3.4
	
1.4
	
3.8
	
4.9



	



	
Administrative and Waste Services
				




	



	
Travel arrangement and reservation services
	
5615
	
248.8
	
0.0
	
6.4
	
-0.6
	
-0.6
	
5.7



	



	
Health Care and Social Assistance
				




	



	
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
	
6215
	
299.3
	
-1.2
	
6.9
	
2.0
	
3.3
	
9.1



	



	
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
				




	



	
Amusement parks and arcades
	
7131
	
229.3
	
-0.7
	
4.6
	
1.9
	
2.6
	
6.6



	
Gambling industries
	
7132
	
124.2
	
8.8
	
-5.3
	
4.5
	
-4.0
	
-1.1



	



	
Accommodation and Food Services
				




	



	
Food services and drinking places
	
722
	
12,289.8
	
0.5
	
3.9
	
1.6
	
1.1
	
5.5



	
Restaurants and other eating places
	
72251
	
11,008.1
	
0.3
	
3.9
	
1.5
	
1.2
	
5.5



	
Full-service restaurants
	
722511
	
5,565.8
	
-2.2
	
6.7
	
-1.9
	
0.3
	
4.7



	
Limited-service eating places
	
722513,4,5
	
5,442.3
	
2.5
	
1.7
	
4.8
	
2.2
	
6.7



	



	
Other Services
				




	



	
Automotive repair and maintenance
	
8111
	
1,165.0
	
3.7
	
0.6
	
0.7
	
-2.9
	
1.3



	
Drycleaning and laundry services
	
8123
	
306.0
	
-3.4
	
3.4
	
0.2
	
3.7
	
3.6

Table 2.  Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data




	
Industry
	
2017 NAICS code
	
2018
Employment
(thousands)
	
Average annual percent change, 1987-2018


	
Labor productivity
	
Unit labor costs
	
Output
	
Hours worked
	
Labor compensation






	
Utilities
				




	



	
Utilities
	
22
	
553.4
	
2.2
	
1.4
	
1.5
	
-0.7
	
2.9



	
Utilities
	
221
	
553.4
	
2.2
	
1.4
	
1.5
	
-0.7
	
2.9



	
Power generation and supply
	
2211
	
391.4
	
2.9
	
0.7
	
2.1
	
-0.9
	
2.7



	
Natural gas distribution
	
2212
	
109.8
	
1.2
	
3.1
	
0.1
	
-1.1
	
3.2



	
Water, sewage and other systems
	
2213
	
52.2
	
-1.7
	
4.6
	
0.8
	
2.5
	
5.4



	



	
Transportation and Warehousing
				




	



	
Air transportation
	
481
	
481.6
	
3.1
	
0.9
	
2.8
	
-0.3
	
3.7



	
Line-haul railroads
	
482111
	
166.2
	
3.5
	
-0.4
	
1.8
	
-1.6
	
1.4



	
Truck transportation(1)
	
484
	
1,708.3
	
0.6
	
1.1
	
2.0
	
1.1
	
3.2



	
General freight trucking(1)
	
4841
	
1,228.6
	
1.1
	
1.2
	
2.4
	
0.9
	
3.6



	
General freight trucking, local(1)
	
48411
	
326.7
	
2.5
	
0.3
	
3.7
	
0.8
	
4.0



	
General freight trucking, long-distance
	
48412
	
901.9
	
1.3
	
0.6
	
2.3
	
1.0
	
2.9



	
Specialized freight trucking(2)
	
4842
	
479.7
	
0.7
	
2.1
	
1.9
	
1.5
	
4.1



	
Used household and office goods moving
	
48421
	
101.4
	
-0.6
	
2.6
	
-0.1
	
0.5
	
2.5



	
Other specialized trucking, local(2)
	
48422
	
237.6
	
0.3
	
2.6
	
1.8
	
1.6
	
4.4



	
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2)
	
48423
	
140.7
	
1.2
	
1.7
	
3.1
	
2.0
	
4.9



	
Postal service
	
491
	
608.5
	
0.4
	
2.9
	
-0.6
	
-1.0
	
2.3



	
Postal service
	
4911
	
608.5
	
0.4
	
2.9
	
-0.6
	
-1.0
	
2.3



	
Couriers and messengers
	
492
	
771.2
	
-2.0
	
3.3
	
0.7
	
2.7
	
4.0



	
Warehousing and storage(1)
	
493
	
1,142.6
	
1.0
	
0.6
	
5.4
	
3.8
	
6.1



	
Warehousing and storage(1)
	
4931
	
1,142.6
	
1.0
	
0.6
	
5.4
	
3.8
	
6.1



	
General warehousing and storage(1)
	
49311
	
1,017.3
	
2.0
	
-0.1
	
6.7
	
4.0
	
6.6



	
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1)
	
49312
	
64.5
	
-0.3
	
1.7
	
2.8
	
2.9
	
4.6



	



	
Information
				




	



	
Publishing
	
511
	
767.8
	
3.8
	
1.7
	
3.5
	
-0.4
	
5.2



	
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers
	
5111
	
350.1
	
0.2
	
4.0
	
-2.6
	
-2.8
	
1.2



	
Newspaper publishers
	
51111
	
152.4
	
-0.5
	
3.8
	
-4.2
	
-3.8
	
-0.6



	
Periodical publishers
	
51112
	
95.4
	
-0.3
	
4.8
	
-1.7
	
-1.5
	
3.0



	
Book publishers
	
51113
	
64.5
	
-0.2
	
4.7
	
-1.1
	
-0.9
	
3.6



	
Software publishers
	
5112
	
417.7
	
10.4
	
-5.0
	
17.1
	
6.0
	
11.2



	
Motion picture and video exhibition
	
51213
	
152.2
	
1.2
	
2.3
	
1.7
	
0.5
	
4.0



	
Broadcasting, except Internet
	
515
	
275.6
	
3.0
	
1.5
	
2.9
	
-0.1
	
4.4



	
Radio and television broadcasting
	
5151
	
221.2
	
2.2
	
1.5
	
1.9
	
-0.4
	
3.4



	
Radio broadcasting
	
51511
	
85.2
	
3.7
	
1.2
	
2.4
	
-1.2
	
3.7



	
Cable and other subscription programming
	
5152
	
54.4
	
5.0
	
2.6
	
6.3
	
1.2
	
9.0



	
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers
	
5173
	
666.4
	
6.6
	
-3.0
	
5.8
	
-0.7
	
2.7



	
Wired telecommunications carriers
	
517311
	
551.7
	
3.6
	
-0.5
	
2.4
	
-1.2
	
1.9



	
Wireless telecommunications carriers
	
517312
	
114.7
	
12.1
	
-7.0
	
18.2
	
5.5
	
9.9



	



	
Finance and Insurance
				




	



	
Commercial banking
	
52211
	
1,381.4
	
3.0
	
2.0
	
2.9
	
-0.1
	
5.0



	



	
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
				




	



	
Passenger car rental
	
532111
	
124.5
	
2.2
	
1.6
	
3.1
	
0.9
	
4.7



	
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing
	
53212
	
84.8
	
2.2
	
1.1
	
3.0
	
0.8
	
4.1



	
Video tape and disc rental
	
532282
	
10.5
	
5.1
	
-0.8
	
-2.7
	
-7.5
	
-3.5



	



	
Professional and Technical Services
				




	



	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3)
	
5412
	
1,162.3
	
2.4
	
1.4
	
3.0
	
1.0
	
4.4



	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3)
	
54121
	
1,162.3
	
2.4
	
1.4
	
3.0
	
1.0
	
4.4



	
Offices of certified public accountants(3)
	
541211
	
492.8
	
2.0
	
2.0
	
3.1
	
1.4
	
5.2



	
Tax preparation services
	
541213
	
135.1
	
0.7
	
2.3
	
2.0
	
1.3
	
4.3



	
Other accounting services(3)
	
541219
	
360.6
	
4.4
	
-1.4
	
4.4
	
0.5
	
3.0



	
Architectural services
	
54131
	
211.6
	
1.6
	
1.7
	
2.7
	
1.1
	
4.4



	
Engineering services
	
54133
	
1,014.7
	
1.1
	
2.8
	
2.7
	
1.6
	
5.6



	
Advertising agencies
	
54181
	
229.3
	
2.2
	
1.6
	
2.9
	
0.7
	
4.6



	
Photography studios, portrait
	
541921
	
53.6
	
0.7
	
1.3
	
1.3
	
0.6
	
2.6



	
Veterinary services(4)
	
54194
	
407.4
	
-0.9
	
4.2
	
1.8
	
2.7
	
6.1



	



	
Administrative and Waste Services
				




	



	
Employment placement and executive search(5)
	
56131
	
303.8
	
4.7
	
-0.5
	
5.8
	
1.6
	
5.3



	
Travel arrangement and reservation services(3)
	
5615
	
245.6
	
6.3
	
-1.3
	
4.3
	
-0.3
	
2.9



	
Travel agencies
	
56151
	
107.6
	
6.0
	
-1.1
	
4.9
	
-1.1
	
3.7



	
Janitorial services
	
56172
	
1,408.6
	
2.0
	
1.4
	
3.7
	
1.6
	
5.1



	



	
Health Care and Social Assistance
				




	



	
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(5)
	
6215
	
287.9
	
1.9
	
0.6
	
4.9
	
3.2
	
5.5



	
Medical laboratories(5)
	
621511
	
205.6
	
1.9
	
0.5
	
4.9
	
3.3
	
5.4



	
Diagnostic imaging centers(5)
	
621512
	
82.3
	
2.0
	
1.1
	
4.7
	
3.0
	
5.8



	
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(6)
	
6221,3
	
4,886.1
	
0.5
	
3.2
	
2.0
	
1.5
	
5.3



	



	
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
				




	



	
Amusement parks and arcades(7)
	
7131
	
215.3
	
0.4
	
5.0
	
-0.1
	
1.8
	
4.9



	
Amusement and theme parks
	
71311
	
185.4
	
0.1
	
4.0
	
1.9
	
1.7
	
5.9



	
Gambling industries(3)
	
7132
	
126.2
	
3.0
	
1.3
	
2.7
	
4.6
	
4.0



	
Golf courses and country clubs(2)
	
71391
	
391.4
	
-1.0
	
4.1
	
0.0
	
2.9
	
4.1



	
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2)
	
71394
	
674.0
	
3.3
	
-0.3
	
4.1
	
2.6
	
3.8



	
Bowling centers
	
71395
	
70.9
	
0.8
	
2.6
	
-0.9
	
-1.6
	
1.7



	



	
Accommodation and Food Services
				




	



	
Accommodation and food services
	
72
	
14,176.1
	
0.8
	
2.7
	
2.4
	
1.6
	
5.1



	
Accommodation
	
721
	
2,060.7
	
1.9
	
1.8
	
2.7
	
0.8
	
4.6



	
Traveler accommodation
	
7211
	
1,969.0
	
1.9
	
1.8
	
2.7
	
0.8
	
4.6



	
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels
	
72111
	
1,655.3
	
1.4
	
2.5
	
2.2
	
0.8
	
4.7



	
Food services and drinking places
	
722
	
12,115.4
	
0.5
	
3.0
	
2.2
	
1.7
	
5.3



	
Special food services
	
7223
	
869.7
	
0.9
	
1.7
	
2.3
	
1.4
	
4.0



	
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages
	
7224
	
408.1
	
-0.3
	
3.0
	
0.0
	
0.3
	
3.0



	
Restaurants and other eating places
	
72251
	
10,837.6
	
0.5
	
3.2
	
2.4
	
1.9
	
5.6



	
Full-service restaurants
	
722511
	
5,534.5
	
0.6
	
3.6
	
2.3
	
1.7
	
5.9



	
Limited-service eating places
	
722513,4,5
	
5,303.1
	
0.4
	
2.8
	
2.4
	
2.0
	
5.2



	



	
Other Services
				




	



	
Automotive repair and maintenance
	
8111
	
1,173.3
	
1.0
	
2.3
	
1.5
	
0.5
	
3.8



	
Reupholstery and furniture repair
	
81142
	
19.5
	
-0.8
	
3.6
	
-2.8
	
-2.0
	
0.8



	
Personal care services
	
8121
	
1,301.5
	
2.2
	
1.7
	
3.5
	
1.3
	
5.3



	
Hair, nail, and skin care services
	
81211
	
1,061.8
	
2.0
	
1.8
	
3.1
	
1.1
	
4.9



	
Funeral homes and funeral services
	
81221
	
111.4
	
-0.4
	
4.0
	
-0.4
	
0.1
	
3.6



	
Drycleaning and laundry services
	
8123
	
310.3
	
2.2
	
1.4
	
1.2
	
-1.0
	
2.6



	
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners
	
81231
	
42.8
	
2.9
	
1.9
	
0.5
	
-2.3
	
2.4



	
Drycleaning and laundry services
	
81232
	
134.6
	
0.8
	
2.2
	
-1.2
	
-2.0
	
0.9



	
Linen and uniform supply
	
81233
	
132.9
	
2.5
	
0.8
	
3.3
	
0.8
	
4.1



	
Photofinishing
	
81292
	
10.0
	
3.0
	
1.7
	
-3.9
	
-6.7
	
-2.3







	

		Footnotes

		(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2018.

		(2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391, and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2018.

		(3) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2018.

		(4) For NAICS industry 54194, average annual percent changes are for 2004-2018.

		(5) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2018.

		(6) For NAICS industry 6221,3, average annual percent changes are for 1993-2016. Employment is for 2016.

		(7) For NAICS industry 7131, average annual percent changes are for 2007-2018.