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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 11, 2021 USDL-21-1020 Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY SELECTED SERVICE-PROVIDING INDUSTRIES - 2020 Labor productivity fell in 13 of 29 selected service-providing industries in 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. In 2019 labor productivity decreased in 14 of 29 industries. The economic downturn in 2020 resulted in output declines in 21 industries and hours worked declines in 24 industries. More than twice as many industries experienced decreases in 2020 compared to 2019, when output fell in 8 industries and hours worked fell in 10 industries. Trends in Labor Productivity in 2020 • Labor productivity fell in 13 of 29 industries in 2020. • There were 3 industries where productivity fell more than 38 percent: Air transportation (-57.0 percent), travel arrangement and reservation services (-44.7 percent), and amusement parks and arcades (-38.5 percent). In all 3 of those industries, output fell more than 55 percent. • Productivity increased in 5 industries where declines in hours worked exceeded the decrease in output. In all of those industries, output fell more than 10 percent. • Hours worked fell in 24 of the 29 industries. • Hours worked decreased in 14 out of the 16 industries which recorded increases in productivity. Of these, the largest declines in hours worked were in gambling industries (-32.8 percent), drycleaning and laundry services (-19.5 percent), and line-haul railroads (-16.3 percent); the other 11 industries had hours worked declines of 11.7 percent or less. Unit labor costs increased in 21 industries in 2020. Productivity fell in 13 of the industries with a rise in unit labor costs. Changes in labor productivity counter the impact of changes in hourly compensation on unit labor costs facing employers. In all 8 industries where both unit labor costs and productivity increased, hourly compensation also increased and by a faster rate than productivity. Trends in Unit Labor Costs in 2020 • The largest increases in unit labor costs were in air transportation (106.9 percent), amusement parks and arcades (76.4 percent), and travel arrangement and reservation services (73.7 percent). Productivity fell by more than 38 percent in all 3 of those industries. • Unit labor costs rose alongside a drop in productivity in 13 industries. Of the 16 industries where productivity went up, unit labor costs increased in half and decreased in the other half. There were no industries where both unit labor costs and productivity declined. • Hourly compensation rose in 23 of the 29 industries measured. Long term productivity rose in 45 out of 58 service-providing industries. For the majority of industries studied, this period extends from 1987 to 2019, the latest year for which data are available for all 58 selected service-providing industries published on the BLS website. None of the rates in this section incorporate data for 2020. Trends in Long Term Productivity • Median long term productivity growth for all 58 industries was approximately 1.4 percent per year. • Output increased over the long term in 45 industries while hours worked increased in 38 industries. • Productivity increased in 43 of the 58 industries in the period from 2007 to 2019 that began with a severe recession. During this period, only 41 industries had increases in output and 27 experienced growth in hours worked. Additional Information The productivity and costs measures in this release incorporate data from the Census Bureau's Service Annual Survey (December 2020) and Nonemployer Statistics (May 2020). Accordingly, the labor productivity and output series for all industries have been revised for 2019 and earlier years. The COVID-19 pandemic did not impact the availability of source data used to construct productivity measures in this release. Data source providers continued to collect and publish high quality industry data for 2020. Additional information can be found on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects- of-covid-19-pandemic-on-productivity-and-costs-statistics.htm#Industry-Productivity. The following NAICS codes are included in Table 1 but not counted in the short-term count of 29 selected industries because they are duplicate codes or aggregates for which full underlying coverage is published: 22, 221, 484, 4841, 4911, 4931, 511, 5111, 515, 5173, 54121, 722, 722511, and 722513,4,5. The following NAICS codes are included in Table 2 but not counted in the long-term count of 58 selected industries because they are duplicate codes or aggregates for which full underlying coverage is published: 22, 221, 484, 4841, 4842, 491, 493, 4931, 511, 5111, 515, 5151, 5173, 5412, 54121, 5615, 6215, 6221,3, 7131, 72, 721, 7211, 722, 72251, 8121, and 8123. Access the productivity data dashboard at www.bls.gov/lpc/lpc_by_industry_dashboard.xlsx for • Additional industries and sectors • Detailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and levels of industry employment, hours worked, nominal value of production, and labor compensation • Additional years and long-term data Subscribe to productivity news releases on the BLS website at https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Technical Note Labor Productivity: Labor productivity describes the relationship between real output and the labor hours involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measures relate output in an industry to hours worked of all persons in that industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including: changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; the characteristics and effort of the workforce; and managerial skill. Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor compensation by an index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation increases and reduce unit labor costs. Output: Real industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products (in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived by deflating nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is measured by physical quantities of output. Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with information on price changes from BLS. Other data sources include: the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation; the U.S. Postal Service; the Postal Rate Commission; and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Data from the Quarterly Service Survey from the Census Bureau are used to construct preliminary output measures for 2020 for some industries. Data from both the Census Bureau's Quarterly Service Survey and Monthly Retail Trade Survey are used to construct preliminary output measures for 2020 for some industries. Labor Hours: Labor hours are measured as annual hours worked by all employed persons in an industry. Data on industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the number of total and production worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments are supplemented with CPS self-employed and unpaid family worker data to estimate industry employment. Hours worked estimates are derived using CES and CPS employment, CES data on the average weekly hours paid of production workers, CPS data on hours of nonproduction, self-employed, and unpaid family workers, and ratios of hours worked to hours paid based on data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). For some industries, employment and hours data are supplemented or further disaggregated using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or other sources. Additional sources of employment and hours data for certain service industries include the Association of American Railroads, the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Postal Service. Hours worked are estimated separately for different types of workers and then are directly aggregated; no adjustments for labor composition are made. Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and survivors' insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers' compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. The estimates for 2020 are constructed using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW).
Industry | 2017 NAICS code | 2020 Employment (thousands) |
Percent change, 2019-2020 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labor productivity | Unit labor costs | Output | Hours worked | Labor compensation | |||
Utilities |
|||||||
Utilities |
22 |
542.0 | -2.3 | 3.2 | -2.8 | -0.5 | 0.3 |
Utilities |
221 |
542.0 | -2.3 | 3.2 | -2.8 | -0.5 | 0.3 |
Power generation and supply |
2211 |
380.8 | -1.7 | 2.6 | -2.5 | -0.8 | 0.1 |
Natural gas distribution |
2212 |
109.2 | -5.2 | 5.0 | -4.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
Water, sewage and other systems |
2213 |
52.0 | 0.4 | 4.5 | -0.7 | -1.1 | 3.8 |
Transportation and Warehousing |
|||||||
Air transportation |
481 |
460.5 | -57.0 | 106.9 | -60.4 | -8.0 | -18.1 |
Line-haul railroads |
482111 |
137.9 | 19.4 | -13.5 | 0.0 | -16.3 | -13.5 |
Truck transportation |
484 |
1,689.3 | 0.6 | 1.5 | -5.0 | -5.6 | -3.6 |
General freight trucking |
4841 |
1,222.5 | 0.7 | 1.2 | -4.1 | -4.8 | -3.0 |
General freight trucking, local |
48411 |
333.9 | 4.5 | -1.2 | -0.6 | -4.9 | -1.8 |
General freight trucking, long-distance |
48412 |
888.6 | -0.2 | 1.7 | -5.0 | -4.8 | -3.4 |
Specialized freight trucking |
4842 |
466.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | -6.6 | -7.6 | -5.1 |
Postal service(1) |
491 |
602.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
Postal service(1) |
4911 |
602.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 |
Couriers and messengers |
492 |
1,055.2 | -10.5 | 7.3 | 11.3 | 24.3 | 19.4 |
Warehousing and storage |
493 |
1,355.5 | -7.2 | 15.0 | 2.3 | 10.2 | 17.6 |
Warehousing and storage |
4931 |
1,355.5 | -7.2 | 15.0 | 2.3 | 10.2 | 17.6 |
Information |
|||||||
Publishing |
511 |
798.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 11.2 |
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers |
5111 |
298.0 | -4.8 | 9.9 | -13.2 | -8.9 | -4.6 |
Newspaper publishers |
51111 |
120.9 | -3.5 | 8.2 | -17.0 | -14.0 | -10.2 |
Periodical publishers |
51112 |
84.4 | -7.9 | 11.1 | -13.6 | -6.2 | -4.0 |
Software publishers |
5112 |
500.5 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 12.7 | 10.4 | 15.9 |
Broadcasting, except Internet |
515 |
258.2 | 10.2 | -6.7 | 0.1 | -9.2 | -6.6 |
Radio and television broadcasting |
5151 |
206.6 | 17.2 | -11.7 | 7.1 | -8.6 | -5.4 |
Cable and other subscription programming |
5152 |
51.6 | 7.5 | -4.9 | -4.3 | -11.0 | -9.0 |
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers |
5173 |
607.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | -1.8 | -3.8 | 0.2 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
517311 |
503.0 | 0.3 | 4.6 | -3.5 | -3.8 | 0.9 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers |
517312 |
104.6 | 5.0 | -2.9 | 0.7 | -4.1 | -2.2 |
Finance and Insurance |
|||||||
Commercial banking |
52211 |
1,382.9 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 1.2 | -0.1 | 6.4 |
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing |
|||||||
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing |
53212 |
87.2 | 13.1 | -4.1 | -0.2 | -11.7 | -4.3 |
Professional and Technical Services |
|||||||
Accounting and bookkeeping services |
5412 |
1,148.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | -1.1 | -1.9 | -1.0 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services |
54121 |
1,148.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | -1.1 | -1.9 | -1.0 |
Engineering services |
54133 |
1,050.8 | -8.8 | 11.8 | -9.1 | -0.3 | 1.7 |
Administrative and Waste Services |
|||||||
Travel arrangement and reservation services |
5615 |
194.2 | -44.7 | 73.7 | -55.9 | -20.1 | -23.3 |
Health Care and Social Assistance |
|||||||
Medical and diagnostic laboratories |
6215 |
293.6 | 13.4 | -10.5 | 9.2 | -3.7 | -2.3 |
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation |
|||||||
Amusement parks and arcades |
7131 |
158.6 | -38.5 | 76.4 | -61.4 | -37.3 | -31.9 |
Gambling industries |
7132 |
86.6 | 16.2 | -8.1 | -21.9 | -32.8 | -28.2 |
Accommodation and Food Services |
|||||||
Food services and drinking places |
722 |
10,209.3 | -4.7 | 4.5 | -22.0 | -18.1 | -18.6 |
Restaurants and other eating places |
72251 |
9,316.0 | -1.8 | 1.1 | -18.3 | -16.8 | -17.4 |
Full-service restaurants |
722511 |
4,350.5 | -8.2 | 5.2 | -30.8 | -24.6 | -27.2 |
Limited-service eating places |
722513,4,5 |
4,965.5 | 1.3 | 3.5 | -7.4 | -8.6 | -4.2 |
Other Services |
|||||||
Automotive repair and maintenance |
8111 |
1,093.8 | -6.3 | 6.5 | -10.0 | -3.9 | -4.1 |
Drycleaning and laundry services |
8123 |
253.9 | 6.1 | 1.0 | -14.6 | -19.5 | -13.7 |
Footnotes |
Industry | 2017 NAICS code | 2019 Employment (thousands) |
Average annual percent change, 1987-2019 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labor productivity | Unit labor costs | Output | Hours worked | Labor compensation | |||
Utilities |
|||||||
Utilities |
22 |
549.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -0.7 | 2.9 |
Utilities |
221 |
549.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | -0.7 | 2.9 |
Power generation and supply |
2211 |
386.0 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 1.9 | -0.9 | 2.7 |
Natural gas distribution |
2212 |
110.1 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 0.3 | -0.9 | 3.3 |
Water, sewage and other systems |
2213 |
53.3 | -1.7 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 5.5 |
Transportation and Warehousing |
|||||||
Air transportation |
481 |
494.4 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.8 | -0.2 | 3.8 |
Line-haul railroads |
482111 |
158.8 | 3.4 | -0.4 | 1.7 | -1.7 | 1.3 |
Truck transportation(1) |
484 |
1,763.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 3.3 |
General freight trucking(1) |
4841 |
1,271.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 3.6 |
General freight trucking, local(1) |
48411 |
341.2 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 4.1 |
General freight trucking, long-distance |
48412 |
930.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 3.0 |
Specialized freight trucking(2) |
4842 |
492.0 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 4.1 |
Used household and office goods moving |
48421 |
100.9 | -0.8 | 2.8 | -0.3 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
Other specialized trucking, local(2) |
48422 |
246.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 4.5 |
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2) |
48423 |
144.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 4.8 |
Postal service(3) |
491 |
607.2 | 0.0 | 3.2 | -0.7 | -0.6 | 2.5 |
Postal service(3) |
4911 |
607.2 | 0.0 | 3.2 | -0.7 | -0.6 | 2.5 |
Couriers and messengers |
492 |
883.6 | -2.3 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
Warehousing and storage(1) |
493 |
1,238.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 6.2 |
Warehousing and storage(1) |
4931 |
1,238.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 6.2 |
General warehousing and storage(1) |
49311 |
1,106.8 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 7.0 | 4.6 | 6.8 |
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1) |
49312 |
67.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 4.7 |
Information |
|||||||
Publishing |
511 |
795.8 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 4.0 | -0.3 | 5.3 |
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers |
5111 |
329.8 | 0.2 | 3.9 | -2.8 | -2.9 | 1.0 |
Newspaper publishers |
51111 |
145.1 | -0.5 | 3.8 | -4.3 | -3.9 | -0.6 |
Periodical publishers |
51112 |
90.2 | -0.1 | 4.4 | -1.8 | -1.7 | 2.6 |
Book publishers |
51113 |
59.8 | -0.1 | 4.5 | -1.1 | -1.0 | 3.3 |
Software publishers |
5112 |
466.0 | 10.7 | -5.2 | 17.5 | 6.1 | 11.3 |
Motion picture and video exhibition |
51213 |
149.0 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 4.0 |
Broadcasting, except Internet |
515 |
278.0 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 4.4 |
Radio and television broadcasting |
5151 |
222.0 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | -0.3 | 3.4 |
Radio broadcasting |
51511 |
84.9 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 2.4 | -1.2 | 3.6 |
Cable and other subscription programming |
5152 |
56.0 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 8.9 |
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers |
5173 |
631.4 | 6.6 | -2.6 | 5.7 | -0.9 | 2.9 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
517311 |
523.7 | 3.8 | -0.2 | 2.4 | -1.4 | 2.2 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers |
517312 |
107.7 | 12.0 | -6.7 | 17.6 | 5.0 | 9.7 |
Finance and Insurance |
|||||||
Commercial banking |
52211 |
1,392.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.7 | -0.1 | 4.9 |
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing |
|||||||
Passenger car rental |
532111 |
128.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 4.8 |
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing |
53212 |
91.4 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 4.4 |
Video tape and disc rental |
532282 |
7.3 | 5.6 | -0.8 | -3.6 | -8.7 | -4.4 |
Professional and Technical Services |
|||||||
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4) |
5412 |
1,186.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 4.4 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4) |
54121 |
1,186.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 4.4 |
Offices of certified public accountants(4) |
541211 |
505.4 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 5.2 |
Tax preparation services |
541213 |
137.7 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 4.4 |
Other accounting services(4) |
541219 |
366.2 | 3.3 | -0.4 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 2.9 |
Architectural services |
54131 |
216.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
Engineering services |
54133 |
1,047.4 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 5.6 |
Advertising agencies |
54181 |
227.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 4.5 |
Photography studios, portrait |
541921 |
52.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 2.8 |
Veterinary services(5) |
54194 |
418.7 | -1.2 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 6.2 |
Administrative and Waste Services |
|||||||
Employment placement and executive search(6) |
56131 |
299.8 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 5.2 |
Travel arrangement and reservation services(4) |
5615 |
248.1 | 7.1 | -2.0 | 5.1 | -1.8 | 3.0 |
Travel agencies |
56151 |
107.3 | 7.4 | -2.1 | 6.1 | -1.2 | 3.9 |
Janitorial services |
56172 |
1,374.1 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 5.0 |
Health Care and Social Assistance |
|||||||
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(6) |
6215 |
298.7 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 5.7 |
Medical laboratories(6) |
621511 |
211.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 5.5 |
Diagnostic imaging centers(6) |
621512 |
87.2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 6.0 |
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(7) |
6221,3 |
5001.7 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 5.1 |
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation |
|||||||
Amusement parks and arcades(8) |
7131 |
228.0 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 5.1 |
Amusement and theme parks |
71311 |
195.4 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 5.9 |
Gambling industries(4) |
7132 |
124.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | -0.4 | 3.8 |
Golf courses and country clubs(2) |
71391 |
386.5 | -1.1 | 4.2 | -0.1 | 1.0 | 4.1 |
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2) |
71394 |
707.4 | 3.7 | -0.2 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 4.1 |
Bowling centers |
71395 |
71.8 | 0.6 | 2.6 | -0.8 | -1.4 | 1.8 |
Accommodation and Food Services |
|||||||
Accommodation and food services |
72 |
14,407.4 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 5.1 |
Accommodation |
721 |
2,116.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 4.6 |
Traveler accommodation |
7211 |
2,024.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 4.7 |
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels |
72111 |
1,698.2 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 4.7 |
Food services and drinking places |
722 |
12,291.4 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 5.3 |
Special food services |
7223 |
873.8 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 4.1 |
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages |
7224 |
417.2 | -0.5 | 3.3 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
Restaurants and other eating places |
72251 |
11,000.4 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 5.6 |
Full-service restaurants |
722511 |
5,573.4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 5.9 |
Limited-service eating places |
722513,4,5 |
5,427.0 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 5.3 |
Other Services |
|||||||
Automotive repair and maintenance |
8111 |
1,163.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3.7 |
Reupholstery and furniture repair |
81142 |
22.4 | -1.5 | 4.3 | -3.0 | -1.5 | 1.2 |
Personal care services |
8121 |
1,314.9 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 5.2 |
Hair, nail, and skin care services |
81211 |
1,079.3 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 4.9 |
Funeral homes and funeral services |
81221 |
112.3 | -0.4 | 4.1 | -0.5 | -0.1 | 3.5 |
Drycleaning and laundry services |
8123 |
305.9 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 | -0.8 | 2.6 |
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners |
81231 |
42.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.3 | -1.9 | 2.5 |
Drycleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated) |
81232 |
129.2 | 0.7 | 2.2 | -1.3 | -2.0 | 0.9 |
Linen and uniform supply |
81233 |
133.8 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 4.1 |
Photofinishing |
81292 |
9.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | -4.8 | -6.7 | -2.6 |
Footnotes |