Productivity and Costs by Industry: Manufacturing and Mining Industries News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, April 25, 2024                                              USDL-24-0745 

Technical information: (202) 691-5606  •  productivity@bls.gov   •  www.bls.gov/productivity 
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov


                                     PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY
                                 MANUFACTURING AND MINING INDUSTRIES - 2023                              


Labor productivity declines were widespread among manufacturing industries in 2023, with decreases 
in 60 of the 86 four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Of the 51 industries in durable manufacturing, 41 had productivity decreases in 2023 led by a 
decline of 15.2 percent in the motor vehicle bodies and trailers manufacturing industry. Although not as 
widespread compared to durable goods, productivity declined in 19 of 35 nondurable goods 
manufacturing industries led by a 9.4-percent decline in the basic chemicals industry. Productivity fell in 
3 of the 5 mining industries in 2023 with the greatest decrease occurring in the support activities for 
mining industry (-5.5 percent). (See table 1.) 

Hours worked decreased in 44 of the 86 four-digit manufacturing industries in 2023. Hours worked 
increased in 4 of 5 mining industries with support activities for mining the highest at 8.1 percent. Nine 
mining and manufacturing industries increased both output and hours worked in 2023. Six of these 9 
industries had declining labor productivity.

Labor Productivity Trends in Three-Digit NAICS Industries, 2023

Manufacturing
   • Labor productivity decreased in 17 of the 21 three-digit NAICS manufacturing industries in 
     2023. Eleven industries had growth in hours worked.
   • Output decreased in 19 industries. Twelve of these industries had an output decline of more 
     than 2.0 percent.
   • The textile mills and apparel industries had the largest productivity gains among the three-
     digit NAICS industries (+9.6 percent and +7.7 percent, respectively).
   • Beverages and tobacco products manufacturing had the largest productivity decline (-5.9 
     percent).

Mining
   • Labor productivity declined in 2 of the 3 three-digit NAICS mining industries in 2023.
   • Oil and gas extraction had a productivity gain of 5.8 percent due to a 7.4-percent increase in 
     output with a 1.5-percent increase in hours worked.
   • Labor productivity fell most in support activities for mining (-5.5 percent) with hours 
     worked (+8.1 percent) growing faster than output (+2.1 percent). 

Trends in Unit Labor Costs in 2023

Unit labor costs reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of output. Unit labor costs increase 
when hourly compensation growth exceeds productivity growth.

Manufacturing
   • In manufacturing, unit labor costs increased in 20 of 21 three-digit NAICS industries in 2023 
     at an average rate of 6.6 percent. The three industries with the largest growth in unit labor 
     costs were furniture and related products (+10.1 percent), machinery (+10.1 percent), and 
     beverages and tobacco products (+9.8 percent). All three industries had declining labor 
     productivity. 
   • Unit labor costs increased in 76 out of 86 four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries. Labor 
     compensation gains were not as widespread as compared to 2022 in these industries. In 2023, 
     67 manufacturing industries recorded growth in labor compensation. In 2022 that number 
     was 82. (See table 1.)

Mining
   • Unit labor costs increased in 2 of the 3 three-digit NAICS mining industries. The greatest 
     growth in unit labor costs occurred in support activities for mining at 12.8 percent. Oil and 
     gas extraction is the only mining industry to have a decline in labor costs at 0.9 percent.

2019 to 2023 Trends

Productivity increased in 36 of the 86 four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from 2019 to 2023. 
Over this period, 3 of the 5 four-digit NAICS mining industries experienced productivity growth. Note 
that the annual percent changes for periods of more than 1 year are annualized average rates of change 
over the entire period, or a compound annual growth rate. (See table 3.)

Manufacturing
   • The two industries with the greatest gains in productivity from 2019 to 2023 were audio and 
     video equipment (+9.6 percent per year) and magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing 
     (+8.4 percent). The largest productivity decline occurred in the plywood and engineered 
     wood products industry (-6.3 percent).
   • Output decreased in over half of the four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from 2019 to 
     2023. The largest decline in output occurred in the iron and steel mills and ferroalloys 
     industry (-7.8 percent per year) while the greatest output growth was in the audio and video 
     equipment manufacturing industry (+6.0 percent).
   • Hours worked fell in 51 out of 86 four-digit NAICS manufacturing industries from 2019 to 
     2023. Apparel knitting mills recorded the largest drop in hours worked (-8.7 percent per 
     year). However, three industries had growth in hours worked of 5.0 percent or greater over 
     this period: beverages (+5.9 percent), motor vehicles (+5.4 percent), and other transportation 
     equipment (+5.0 percent).

Mining
   • In 2023, hours worked remained below pre-pandemic levels in all five of the four-digit 
     NAICS mining industries. The largest decline in hours worked occurred in coal mining 
     which decreased by 4.5 percent per year from 2019 to 2023.
   • Output increased from 2019 to 2023 in three mining industries. The greatest increase in 
     output occurred in support activities for mining at 7.1 percent per year. Coal mining and 
     metal ore mining both have yet to return to their pre-pandemic levels of output with annual 
     decreases of 5.3 percent and 2.7 percent respectively from 2019 to 2023.

Long-Term Trends in Labor Productivity and Unit Labor Costs 

Labor Productivity
   • Over the entire 1987-2023 period, labor productivity rose in 82 of the 91 manufacturing 
     and mining industries. Output rose in 46 industries while hours worked increased in only 
     19. (See table 2.) In the 19 industries where hours worked increased, they rose at a slow 
     pace of 0.7 percent per year.
   • During the 2007-2019 period, productivity increased in 35 industries. Of these industries, 
     only five had simultaneous growth in output as well as hours worked. Oil and gas 
     extraction had the greatest growth in output over this period (+7.0 percent).
   • In the most recent 2019-2023 period, productivity increased in 39 industries. Hours worked 
     grew in 34 industries, which is more than the other selected time periods. Beverages had 
     the highest annual growth in hours worked from 2019 to 2023 (+5.9 percent). 
   • Support activities for mining had the highest annual growth in productivity (+11.5 percent) 
     and output (+7.1 percent) of all 91 manufacturing and mining industries.

Unit Labor Costs
   • From 1987 to 2023, unit labor costs increased in 79 of the 86 four-digit NAICS manufacturing 
     industries and in all five mining industries. (See table 2.)
   • In both the 2007-2019 and 2019-2023 time periods, unit labor costs increased in 82 out of 86 
     manufacturing industries and in 3 of the 5 mining industries. From 2007 to 2019, unit labor costs 
     rose the most in the resin, rubber, and artificial fibers industry (+5.0 percent per year). From 
     2019 to 2023, unit labor costs rose the most in the plywood and engineered wood products 
     industry (+11.3 percent).

The computer and peripheral equipment industry recorded the largest productivity gain (+12.2 
percent per year) as well as the largest unit labor costs decline (-10.5 percent) during the 1987-2023 
period. However, from 2007 to 2019, labor productivity fell (-2.4 percent) as did unit labor costs  
(-0.4 percent). For the 2019-2023 period, both labor productivity (+2.0 percent) and unit labor costs 
(+2.1 percent) grew.  

From 2019 and 2023, the support activities for mining industry posted the greatest productivity 
growth (+11.5 percent), and audio and video equipment had the largest unit labor costs decline (-13.5 
percent).

Additional Information

Beginning with this news release, estimates of hours worked by self-employed workers and unpaid 
family workers reflect a method change that makes industry-level estimates consistent with the newly 
composited quarterly major sector estimates that remove variability during seasonal adjustment and 
reduce volatility in these workers. A more detailed discussion of the changes is available in the Monthly 
Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2023/article/an-improved-estimate-of-self-employment-
hours.htm.

Manufacturing industry output measures for 2021 and earlier years are constructed primarily using data 
from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the U.S. Census Bureau together with data on price 
changes primarily from BLS. Manufacturing industry output for 2022 and 2023 is estimated based on 
historical relationships between BLS sectoral output, BLS price indexes, and data on industrial 
production from the Federal Reserve Board.

Mining industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the U.S. Energy Information 
Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey’s Mineral Commodity Summaries and Mineral 
Yearbooks. The data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration are usually revised on a monthly 
schedule while the U.S. Geological Survey’s publications are released annually.

Access productivity data at www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/labor-productivity-detailed-industries.xlsx 
for:
   • Additional industries and sectors
   • Detailed data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and levels of 
     industry employment, hours worked, sectoral output, and labor compensation

Subscribe to productivity news releases on the BLS website at 
https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.

                                                 Technical Note

Labor Productivity: Labor productivity describes the relationship between output and the labor hours 
involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in the amount of 
goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measures relate real 
output in an industry to hours worked of all persons in that industry, they do not measure the specific 
contribution of labor to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, 
including: changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the 
use of purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of 
production; the characteristics and effort of the workforce; and managerial skill. 

Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. 
The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor compensation 
by an index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation 
per hour worked (hourly compensation) and real output per hour worked (labor productivity). When 
hourly compensation growth outpaces productivity, unit labor costs increase. Alternatively, when 
productivity growth exceeds hourly compensation, unit labor costs decrease. 

Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products 
(in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived by deflating 
nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is measured by 
physical quantities of output. Output is the measure of what is produced by an industry, derived by 
adjusting shipments for changes in inventories and removing intra-industry transactions. Industry output 
measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the 
Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with data on price changes primarily from 
BLS. Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis at the U.S. Department of Commerce is used in part 
to construct intra-industry transactions. Other data sources include the Energy Information 
Administration at the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey at the U.S. 
Department of the Interior. Manufacturing industry output for 2022 and 2023 is estimated based on 
historical relationships between BLS sectoral output, BLS price indexes, and data on industrial 
production from the Federal Reserve Board.

Labor Hours: Labor hours are measured as annual hours worked by all employed persons in an 
industry. Data on industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the number of total and 
production worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments are supplemented 
with CPS data on self-employed and unpaid family workers to estimate industry employment. Hours 
worked estimates are derived using CES and CPS employment, CES data on the average weekly hours 
paid of all employees, CPS data on hours of self-employed and unpaid family workers, and ratios of 
hours worked to hours paid based on data from both the CPS and the National Compensation Survey 
(NCS). For some industries, employment and hours data are supplemented or further disaggregated 
using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or 
other sources. Hours worked are estimated separately for different types of workers and then are directly 
aggregated; no adjustments for labor composition are made.

Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a 
measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, 
commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. 
Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary 
programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of federal old age and survivors’ insurance, 
unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all 
programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health 
insurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures are constructed primarily using data from 
the BLS QCEW and the economic censuses of the Census Bureau at the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Annual Percent Change: The annual percent change is the change in a series from one year to the next 
as a percent of the series-value in the previous year. Over a period of more than one year, the annual 
percent change is the compound annual growth rate in an index series, or an annualized average growth 
rate. Because the change of an index series varies from year to year, the annual percent change for a 
long time period reflects the constant rate that can be applied to each year in a period, from the start to 
the end, that would give the same total result. It is calculated as (Ending Value/Starting 
Value)^(1/Number of Years)-1.

	
Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2023

		

			
Industry
			
2017 NAICS code
			
2023
Employment
(thousands)
			
Annual percent change, 2019-2023
		
		

			
Labor productivity
			
Unit labor costs
			
Output
			
Hours
worked
			
Labor compen-
sation
			
Hourly compen-
sation
		
	
	

		

			
Mining
			
		
		

			
Mining
			
21
			
606.9
			
4.8
			
-1.0
			
1.1
			
-3.5
			
0.1
			
3.8
		
		

			
Oil and gas extraction
			
211
			
118.4
			
6.3
			
-3.4
			
1.8
			
-4.3
			
-1.6
			
2.8
		
		

			
Oil and gas extraction
			
2111
			
118.4
			
6.3
			
-3.4
			
1.8
			
-4.3
			
-1.6
			
2.8
		
		

			
Mining, except oil and gas
			
212
			
189.7
			
-0.1
			
5.8
			
-2.1
			
-2.0
			
3.7
			
5.7
		
		

			
Coal mining
			
2121
			
42.7
			
-0.8
			
6.7
			
-5.3
			
-4.5
			
1.0
			
5.8
		
		

			
Metal ore mining
			
2122
			
43.7
			
-1.0
			
7.3
			
-2.7
			
-1.7
			
4.4
			
6.2
		
		

			
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
			
2123
			
103.3
			
1.2
			
4.5
			
0.4
			
-0.8
			
4.9
			
5.7
		
		

			
Support activities for mining
			
213
			
298.8
			
11.5
			
-7.0
			
7.1
			
-4.0
			
-0.4
			
3.8
		
		

			
Support activities for mining
			
2131
			
298.8
			
11.5
			
-7.0
			
7.1
			
-4.0
			
-0.4
			
3.8
		
		

			
Nondurable Manufacturing
			
		
		

			
Food
			
311
			
1,779.1
			
-0.7
			
6.5
			
-0.1
			
0.5
			
6.3
			
5.7
		
		

			
Animal food
			
3111
			
73.8
			
-1.7
			
7.4
			
-0.1
			
1.6
			
7.3
			
5.7
		
		

			
Grain and oilseed milling
			
3112
			
63.7
			
-1.0
			
6.1
			
-0.1
			
0.8
			
6.0
			
5.1
		
		

			
Sugar and confectionery products
			
3113
			
81.5
			
-0.6
			
6.1
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
6.3
			
5.4
		
		

			
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty
			
3114
			
172.8
			
1.8
			
4.6
			
-0.4
			
-2.2
			
4.2
			
6.5
		
		

			
Dairy products
			
3115
			
166.2
			
-2.6
			
6.2
			
-0.2
			
2.5
			
6.0
			
3.4
		
		

			
Animal slaughtering and processing
			
3116
			
554.6
			
-0.4
			
7.9
			
-0.7
			
-0.4
			
7.2
			
7.6
		
		

			
Seafood product preparation and packaging
			
3117
			
28.9
			
5.3
			
3.8
			
-1.0
			
-6.0
			
2.8
			
9.3
		
		

			
Bakeries and tortilla products
			
3118
			
371.4
			
-0.6
			
5.8
			
0.1
			
0.7
			
5.9
			
5.1
		
		

			
Other food products
			
3119
			
266.2
			
-2.7
			
6.5
			
0.6
			
3.4
			
7.1
			
3.6
		
		

			
Beverages and tobacco products
			
312
			
343.8
			
-7.2
			
8.6
			
-1.9
			
5.7
			
6.6
			
0.8
		
		

			
Beverages
			
3121
			
333.0
			
-6.1
			
7.4
			
-0.5
			
5.9
			
6.8
			
0.9
		
		

			
Tobacco
			
3122
			
10.8
			
-5.5
			
8.4
			
-4.8
			
0.8
			
3.2
			
2.4
		
		

			
Textile mills
			
313
			
92.8
			
2.4
			
3.5
			
-3.3
			
-5.6
			
0.1
			
6.1
		
		

			
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
			
3131
			
22.5
			
0.2
			
4.0
			
-6.2
			
-6.4
			
-2.5
			
4.2
		
		

			
Fabric mills
			
3132
			
44.9
			
3.0
			
3.8
			
-2.6
			
-5.5
			
1.1
			
7.0
		
		

			
Textile and fabric finishing mills
			
3133
			
25.4
			
1.7
			
3.6
			
-3.3
			
-4.9
			
0.2
			
5.3
		
		

			
Textile product mills
			
314
			
106.7
			
0.8
			
6.0
			
-3.4
			
-4.2
			
2.3
			
6.8
		
		

			
Textile furnishings mills
			
3141
			
42.3
			
1.6
			
5.9
			
-4.5
			
-6.0
			
1.2
			
7.6
		
		

			
Other textile product mills
			
3149
			
64.4
			
0.4
			
5.9
			
-2.4
			
-2.8
			
3.3
			
6.3
		
		

			
Apparel
			
315
			
107.8
			
2.0
			
3.4
			
-2.9
			
-4.8
			
0.4
			
5.5
		
		

			
Apparel knitting mills
			
3151
			
7.3
			
5.3
			
1.7
			
-3.9
			
-8.7
			
-2.3
			
7.1
		
		

			
Cut and sew apparel
			
3152
			
84.9
			
2.3
			
3.1
			
-3.4
			
-5.6
			
-0.3
			
5.5
		
		

			
Accessories and other apparel
			
3159
			
15.6
			
-0.2
			
6.4
			
2.2
			
2.4
			
8.7
			
6.2
		
		

			
Leather and allied products
			
316
			
30.0
			
1.3
			
4.2
			
0.3
			
-1.0
			
4.4
			
5.5
		
		

			
Leather and hide tanning and finishing
			
3161
			
4.1
			
4.7
			
2.4
			
0.8
			
-3.7
			
3.2
			
7.2
		
		

			
Footwear
			
3162
			
12.3
			
-2.8
			
6.4
			
-4.1
			
-1.4
			
2.0
			
3.4
		
		

			
Other leather products
			
3169
			
13.6
			
4.2
			
2.9
			
4.4
			
0.2
			
7.5
			
7.3
		
		

			
Paper
			
322
			
358.3
			
-1.9
			
6.1
			
-3.1
			
-1.2
			
2.9
			
4.1
		
		

			
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
			
3221
			
87.6
			
-0.8
			
5.7
			
-4.0
			
-3.3
			
1.4
			
4.8
		
		

			
Converted paper products
			
3222
			
270.7
			
-2.0
			
6.2
			
-2.4
			
-0.4
			
3.7
			
4.1
		
		

			
Printing and related support activities
			
323
			
391.8
			
0.3
			
4.6
			
-3.5
			
-3.8
			
0.9
			
4.9
		
		

			
Printing and related support activities
			
3231
			
391.8
			
0.3
			
4.6
			
-3.5
			
-3.8
			
0.9
			
4.9
		
		

			
Petroleum and coal products
			
324
			
109.1
			
1.8
			
4.2
			
-0.9
			
-2.6
			
3.2
			
6.0
		
		

			
Petroleum and coal products
			
3241
			
109.1
			
1.8
			
4.2
			
-0.9
			
-2.6
			
3.2
			
6.0
		
		

			
Chemicals
			
325
			
918.5
			
-1.2
			
4.4
			
0.0
			
1.2
			
4.4
			
3.1
		
		

			
Basic chemicals
			
3251
			
156.6
			
-0.8
			
5.3
			
-1.1
			
-0.3
			
4.1
			
4.4
		
		

			
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers
			
3252
			
97.2
			
-1.6
			
4.7
			
-2.0
			
-0.5
			
2.5
			
3.0
		
		

			
Agricultural chemicals
			
3253
			
38.5
			
-0.2
			
1.1
			
1.3
			
1.5
			
2.5
			
1.0
		
		

			
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
			
3254
			
351.1
			
0.1
			
3.7
			
2.4
			
2.3
			
6.2
			
3.8
		
		

			
Paints, coatings, and adhesives
			
3255
			
65.2
			
2.1
			
2.6
			
1.9
			
-0.2
			
4.6
			
4.7
		
		

			
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries
			
3256
			
125.7
			
-5.7
			
4.1
			
-2.7
			
3.2
			
1.4
			
-1.8
		
		

			
Other chemical products and preparations
			
3259
			
84.2
			
-0.3
			
4.4
			
-0.4
			
0.0
			
4.1
			
4.1
		
		

			
Plastics and rubber products
			
326
			
742.2
			
-1.2
			
5.7
			
-1.3
			
-0.1
			
4.3
			
4.4
		
		

			
Plastics products
			
3261
			
605.1
			
-1.3
			
5.7
			
-1.3
			
0.1
			
4.4
			
4.3
		
		

			
Rubber products
			
3262
			
137.1
			
-0.7
			
5.4
			
-1.4
			
-0.7
			
4.0
			
4.7
		
		

			
Durable Manufacturing
			
		
		

			
Wood products
			
321
			
451.9
			
-0.7
			
7.6
			
-1.1
			
-0.4
			
6.4
			
6.8
		
		

			
Sawmills and wood preservation
			
3211
			
103.4
			
1.6
			
4.3
			
0.5
			
-1.1
			
4.9
			
6.0
		
		

			
Plywood and engineered wood products
			
3212
			
83.1
			
-6.3
			
11.3
			
-5.1
			
1.3
			
5.6
			
4.3
		
		

			
Other wood products
			
3219
			
265.4
			
1.1
			
6.9
			
0.4
			
-0.6
			
7.3
			
8.0
		
		

			
Nonmetallic mineral products
			
327
			
437.9
			
0.8
			
3.4
			
1.1
			
0.2
			
4.5
			
4.2
		
		

			
Clay products and refractories
			
3271
			
42.3
			
5.1
			
2.1
			
0.5
			
-4.3
			
2.7
			
7.3
		
		

			
Glass and glass products
			
3272
			
87.0
			
-4.2
			
6.2
			
-4.7
			
-0.5
			
1.2
			
1.7
		
		

			
Cement and concrete products
			
3273
			
209.6
			
2.1
			
2.8
			
2.7
			
0.6
			
5.5
			
4.9
		
		

			
Lime and gypsum products
			
3274
			
16.3
			
-0.5
			
5.0
			
1.2
			
1.7
			
6.2
			
4.5
		
		

			
Other nonmetallic mineral products
			
3279
			
82.7
			
0.5
			
3.2
			
2.7
			
2.3
			
6.0
			
3.7
		
		

			
Primary metals
			
331
			
380.5
			
-3.9
			
8.0
			
-5.1
			
-1.2
			
2.4
			
3.7
		
		

			
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys
			
3311
			
83.6
			
-5.9
			
10.1
			
-7.8
			
-2.0
			
1.5
			
3.6
		
		

			
Steel products from purchased steel
			
3312
			
60.4
			
-5.2
			
8.8
			
-5.3
			
-0.1
			
3.0
			
3.2
		
		

			
Alumina and aluminum production
			
3313
			
60.7
			
-3.1
			
7.1
			
-3.9
			
-0.9
			
2.9
			
3.8
		
		

			
Other nonferrous metal production
			
3314
			
64.3
			
1.4
			
3.0
			
1.3
			
-0.1
			
4.3
			
4.5
		
		

			
Foundries
			
3315
			
111.5
			
-3.0
			
7.1
			
-5.0
			
-2.0
			
1.8
			
3.8
		
		

			
Fabricated metal products
			
332
			
1,480.7
			
-0.5
			
5.2
			
-1.5
			
-1.0
			
3.7
			
4.7
		
		

			
Forging and stamping
			
3321
			
90.7
			
-4.2
			
8.1
			
-6.9
			
-2.8
			
0.7
			
3.6
		
		

			
Cutlery and handtools
			
3322
			
36.9
			
-1.1
			
1.8
			
-0.4
			
0.7
			
1.4
			
0.6
		
		

			
Architectural and structural metals
			
3323
			
418.5
			
-1.6
			
7.0
			
-1.2
			
0.4
			
5.7
			
5.2
		
		

			
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers
			
3324
			
95.4
			
-2.6
			
7.8
			
-3.6
			
-1.0
			
4.0
			
5.0
		
		

			
Hardware
			
3325
			
24.8
			
0.3
			
6.4
			
-2.0
			
-2.3
			
4.2
			
6.7
		
		

			
Spring and wire products
			
3326
			
41.2
			
1.9
			
4.4
			
-1.2
			
-3.0
			
3.2
			
6.4
		
		

			
Machine shops and threaded products
			
3327
			
354.2
			
0.8
			
3.7
			
-1.2
			
-2.0
			
2.5
			
4.5
		
		

			
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals
			
3328
			
131.7
			
2.8
			
4.0
			
-0.4
			
-3.2
			
3.6
			
7.0
		
		

			
Other fabricated metal products
			
3329
			
287.3
			
0.3
			
3.5
			
0.5
			
0.2
			
4.0
			
3.8
		
		

			
Machinery
			
333
			
1,145.2
			
-0.4
			
4.4
			
-0.5
			
-0.1
			
3.9
			
4.0
		
		

			
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery
			
3331
			
223.2
			
2.3
			
3.3
			
2.2
			
-0.1
			
5.6
			
5.7
		
		

			
Industrial machinery
			
3332
			
136.2
			
-4.1
			
5.1
			
-0.8
			
3.4
			
4.3
			
0.8
		
		

			
Commercial and service industry machinery
			
3333
			
91.1
			
3.3
			
0.8
			
2.4
			
-0.9
			
3.2
			
4.2
		
		

			
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment
			
3334
			
149.2
			
-5.8
			
10.7
			
-4.3
			
1.6
			
5.9
			
4.3
		
		

			
Metalworking machinery
			
3335
			
162.9
			
6.3
			
-1.2
			
2.1
			
-3.9
			
0.9
			
5.0
		
		

			
Turbine and power transmission equipment
			
3336
			
93.0
			
-0.8
			
5.5
			
-3.0
			
-2.3
			
2.3
			
4.6
		
		

			
Other general purpose machinery
			
3339
			
289.6
			
-2.6
			
5.8
			
-1.8
			
0.8
			
3.9
			
3.1
		
		

			
Computer and electronic products
			
334
			
1,111.3
			
0.2
			
2.6
			
0.0
			
-0.2
			
2.6
			
2.8
		
		

			
Computer and peripheral equipment
			
3341
			
163.9
			
2.0
			
2.1
			
-0.1
			
-2.0
			
2.1
			
4.2
		
		

			
Communications equipment
			
3342
			
86.7
			
-0.6
			
-0.4
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
-0.2
			
-1.0
		
		

			
Audio and video equipment
			
3343
			
19.6
			
9.6
			
-13.5
			
6.0
			
-3.3
			
-8.3
			
-5.2
		
		

			
Semiconductors and electronic components
			
3344
			
396.1
			
2.0
			
0.7
			
2.6
			
0.6
			
3.4
			
2.8
		
		

			
Electronic instruments
			
3345
			
432.9
			
-1.5
			
4.6
			
-1.7
			
-0.2
			
2.9
			
3.1
		
		

			
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing
			
3346
			
12.1
			
8.4
			
-4.3
			
5.6
			
-2.6
			
1.0
			
3.7
		
		

			
Electrical equipment and appliances
			
335
			
421.0
			
-1.0
			
5.6
			
-0.3
			
0.7
			
5.3
			
4.5
		
		

			
Electric lighting equipment
			
3351
			
39.4
			
1.0
			
1.4
			
-1.7
			
-2.7
			
-0.3
			
2.4
		
		

			
Household appliances
			
3352
			
65.6
			
-2.2
			
0.4
			
0.1
			
2.4
			
0.5
			
-1.8
		
		

			
Electrical equipment
			
3353
			
149.0
			
-0.2
			
6.6
			
0.5
			
0.7
			
7.1
			
6.3
		
		

			
Other electrical equipment and components
			
3359
			
167.0
			
-1.9
			
7.4
			
-0.8
			
1.1
			
6.6
			
5.4
		
		

			
Transportation equipment
			
336
			
1,804.3
			
-1.3
			
4.4
			
-0.4
			
0.9
			
3.9
			
2.9
		
		

			
Motor vehicles
			
3361
			
296.0
			
-4.1
			
5.7
			
1.1
			
5.4
			
6.8
			
1.4
		
		

			
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers
			
3362
			
173.2
			
-3.5
			
5.2
			
-2.4
			
1.2
			
2.7
			
1.5
		
		

			
Motor vehicle parts
			
3363
			
577.1
			
1.7
			
0.9
			
1.2
			
-0.4
			
2.1
			
2.5
		
		

			
Aerospace products and parts
			
3364
			
534.6
			
-4.6
			
9.3
			
-4.9
			
-0.3
			
3.9
			
4.2
		
		

			
Railroad rolling stock
			
3365
			
21.8
			
-5.3
			
8.6
			
-7.0
			
-1.8
			
1.0
			
2.8
		
		

			
Ship and boat building
			
3366
			
158.7
			
-0.3
			
4.2
			
1.4
			
1.7
			
5.6
			
3.8
		
		

			
Other transportation equipment
			
3369
			
42.9
			
-4.6
			
4.0
			
0.2
			
5.0
			
4.1
			
-0.8
		
		

			
Furniture and related products
			
337
			
386.1
			
-1.9
			
5.2
			
-3.7
			
-1.8
			
1.3
			
3.2
		
		

			
Household and institutional furniture
			
3371
			
249.5
			
-1.0
			
4.7
			
-2.4
			
-1.5
			
2.2
			
3.7
		
		

			
Office furniture and fixtures
			
3372
			
105.2
			
-2.4
			
6.1
			
-4.8
			
-2.5
			
1.0
			
3.6
		
		

			
Other furniture related products
			
3379
			
31.4
			
-3.3
			
2.9
			
-5.5
			
-2.3
			
-2.7
			
-0.4
		
		

			
Miscellaneous manufacturing
			
339
			
688.5
			
0.9
			
3.0
			
0.9
			
0.0
			
4.0
			
4.0
		
		

			
Medical equipment and supplies
			
3391
			
340.3
			
1.6
			
2.2
			
1.7
			
0.1
			
3.9
			
3.8
		
		

			
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
			
3399
			
348.2
			
0.0
			
4.1
			
-0.1
			
-0.1
			
4.0
			
4.2