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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 28, 2015 USDL-15-0754 Technical information: (202) 691-5618 • dipsweb@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lpc Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov NOTE: BLS reissued this release on June 10, 2015 to correct errors in NAICS 3121, beverages; 312, beverages and tobacco products; 3241, petroleum and coal products; 324, petroleum and coal products; and 3345, electronic instruments. Corrections have been made to tables 1, 2, and 3; no changes were required to the text or charts of the news release. PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS BY INDUSTRY: MANUFACTURING AND MINING INDUSTRIES, 2014 Labor productivity - defined as output per hour - rose in about three-quarters of detailed manufacturing and mining industries covered in 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was higher than 2013, when labor productivity rose in about 60 percent of the covered industries. Output and hours also increased in more industries in 2014 than in the previous year. Unit labor costs, which reflect the total labor costs required to produce a unit of output, declined in 53 percent of manufacturing industries and three out of four mining industries in 2014. Almost two-thirds of industries with productivity increases posted declines in unit labor costs. Oil and gas extraction recorded the largest increase in labor productivity in 2014, followed by textile and fabric finishing and coating mills, and semiconductors and electronic components. The largest decline in productivity was in glass and glass products. ************************************************************************************************************ * 2014 measures available for selected industries * * * * Labor productivity and related measures are being released through 2014 for a group of 57 detailed * * manufacturing industries and four detailed mining industries. These measures are based on trends in * * production and wages. Labor productivity measures for all other detailed manufacturing and mining * * industries are being released through 2013. * ************************************************************************************************************ Labor Productivity and Unit Labor Costs, 2014 Manufacturing: Labor productivity increased in 19 of the 21 NAICS 3-digit manufacturing industries in 2014, as output increased in 19 industries and hours fell in 8 industries. Productivity rose fastest in leather and allied product manufacturing, where output increased slightly while hours declined. Of the 21 industries, 14 registered greater productivity growth or smaller productivity declines than in the previous year. Mining: Labor productivity increased in three of the four NAICS 4-digit mining industries covered in 2014. Oil and gas extraction experienced the largest gain in productivity, spurred by output growth of 13 percent. Only nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying recorded an increase in hours that was greater than that of output, causing productivity to decline. Productivity growth was less in 2014 than 2013 for each of these four mining industries. Productivity Trends in Selected Time Periods During the 1987-2013 period, productivity rose in all but four manufacturing and mining industries, with median productivity growth of approximately 2 percent per year. Productivity growth in this period was associated with rising output in many manufacturing and mining industries, while hours increased in relatively few. In most industries, productivity advanced as output was produced with fewer hours. Productivity also increased in a majority of industries between 2007 and 2013, despite the fact that the period encompassed a severe recession. However, only one quarter of manufacturing and mining industries saw increases in output, while even fewer experienced growth in hours. In 2013, productivity rose in about 57 percent of manufacturing and mining industries. Output increased in about two-thirds of the industries, while hours rose in fewer than half the industries. Additional Information This release updates productivity measures to 2014 for all 21 NAICS 3-digit and for 57 of the 86 NAICS 4-digit manufacturing industries. Additionally, productivity measures for all 86 NAICS 4-digit manufacturing industries have been updated through 2013. Output estimates for 2014 are based on trends in industrial production from the Federal Reserve Board and on trends from the manufacturers’ shipments, inventories, and orders (M3) survey from the U.S. Census Bureau, along with data on price changes from BLS. Labor compensation in 2014 is based on trends in industry wages from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Data in this release for 2013 and 2014 are preliminary and subject to revision. For the first time, the industries included in this news release are classified according to the 2012 NAICS. Indexes have been rebased from 2002=100 to 2007=100 starting with this release. While the rates of change reported by BLS in this release are rounded to one decimal place, all percent changes are calculated using index numbers rounded to three decimal places. Year-to-year movements in industry productivity may be erratic, particularly in smaller industries. The annual measures based on sample data may differ from measures generated by a census of establishments in the industry. Annual changes in an industry’s output and use of labor may reflect cyclical changes in the economy as well as long-term trends. As a result, long-term productivity trends tend to be more reliable indicators of industry performance than year-to-year changes. ************************************************************************************************************ * Want to know more? * * * * Find more detailed data at www.bls.gov/lpc for: * * -Additional industries and sectors * * -Additional data series: indexes of productivity and related measures; rates of change; and * * levels of industry employment, hours, nominal value of production, and labor compensation. * * -Additional years and long term data * * * * Questions? * * Additional information can be obtained by calling the Division of Industry Productivity Studies * * (202-691-5618) or by sending an e-mail to dipsweb@bls.gov. Information in this report will be made * * available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5618; TDD message referral * * phone number: 1-800-877-8339. * * * * Subscribe to Newsletter * * Customers can subscribe to the industry productivity program’s news releases on the BLS website at * * https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. * ************************************************************************************************************
Technical Note Labor Productivity: Labor productivity describes the relationship between real output and the labor hours involved in its production. These measures show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measures relate output in an industry to hours worked of all persons in that industry, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor to growth in output. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the use of purchased services inputs, including contract employment services; the organization of production; managerial skill; in addition to the characteristics and effort of the workforce. Unit Labor Costs: Unit labor costs represent the cost of labor required to produce one unit of output. The unit labor cost indexes are computed by dividing an index of nominal industry labor compensation by an index of real industry output. Unit labor costs also describe the relationship between compensation per hour and real output per hour (labor productivity). Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; increases in labor productivity offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. Output: Industry output is measured as an annual-weighted index of the changes in the various products (in real terms) provided for sale outside the industry. Real industry output is usually derived by deflating nominal sales or values of production using BLS price indexes, but for some industries it is measured by physical quantities of output. Industry output reflects sectoral value of production, derived by adjusting shipments for changes in inventories and removing intra-industry transactions. Industry output measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, together with data on price changes primarily from BLS. New with this update, data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, is utilized in part to construct intra-industry transactions. Advance industry output for 2014 is constructed with data on industrial production from the Federal Reserve and manufacturers’ shipments, inventories, and orders from the Census Bureau. Other data sources include the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy; and the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Interior. Labor Hours: Labor hours reflect annual hours worked by all employed persons in an industry. Data on industry employment and hours come primarily from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). CES data on the number of total and production worker jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments are supplemented with CPS self-employed and unpaid family worker data to estimate industry employment. Hours worked estimates are derived using CES and CPS employment, CES data on the average weekly hours paid of production workers, CPS data on hours of nonproduction, self- employed, and unpaid family workers, and ratios of hours worked to hours paid based on data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). For some industries, employment and hours data are supplemented or further disaggregated using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), the Census Bureau, or other sources. Hours worked are estimated separately for different types of workers and then are directly aggregated; no adjustments for labor composition are made. Labor Compensation: Labor compensation, defined as payroll plus supplemental payments, is a measure of the cost to the employer of securing the services of labor. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments include both legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion consists primarily of Federal old age and survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans. Industry compensation measures are constructed primarily using data from the economic censuses and annual surveys of the Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. The estimates for 2014 are constructed using data from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW).
Industry | NAICS code | 2014 Employment (thousands) |
Percent change, 2013-2014 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Output per hour | Output | Hours | Labor compensation | Unit labor costs | |||
Mining |
|||||||
Mining |
21 |
866.6 | 3.9 | 11.6 | 7.5 | 8.1 | -3.1 |
Oil and gas extraction |
211 |
201.9 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 1.7 | 6.4 | -6.1 |
Oil and gas extraction |
2111 |
201.9 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 1.7 | 6.4 | -6.1 |
Mining, except oil and gas |
212 |
212.0 | 1.2 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 1.4 | -3.2 |
Coal mining |
2121 |
76.7 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 1.2 | -2.0 | -8.2 |
Metal ore mining |
2122 |
44.2 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | -0.7 | -2.1 |
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying |
2123 |
91.1 | -1.3 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 2.1 |
Manufacturing |
|||||||
Food |
311 |
1,505.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | -1.0 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
Grain and oilseed milling |
3112 |
58.4 | 6.9 | 0.3 | -6.1 | -0.2 | -0.5 |
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty |
3114 |
169.6 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -2.4 |
Dairy products |
3115 |
133.8 | 5.5 | 3.0 | -2.4 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
Animal slaughtering and processing |
3116 |
480.9 | -0.8 | -1.4 | -0.6 | 2.0 | 3.5 |
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing |
3118 |
311.9 | 4.7 | 3.3 | -1.4 | 1.7 | -1.5 |
Other food products |
3119 |
189.4 | 1.5 | -0.5 | -1.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
312 |
215.5 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 7.7 | 6.4 |
Beverages |
3121 |
201.9 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 9.2 | 4.2 |
Tobacco and tobacco products |
3122 |
13.6 | 0.9 | -4.8 | -5.7 | -2.8 | 2.1 |
Textile mills |
313 |
123.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills |
3131 |
29.2 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.2 |
Fabric mills |
3132 |
61.2 | -1.9 | 2.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 1.6 |
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills |
3133 |
33.3 | 10.8 | 0.4 | -9.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
Textile product mills |
314 |
120.4 | 4.1 | 1.6 | -2.4 | 2.7 | 1.0 |
Textile furnishings mills |
3141 |
54.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | -0.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 |
Other textile product mills |
3149 |
66.3 | 7.6 | 3.2 | -4.1 | 2.8 | -0.4 |
Apparel |
315 |
160.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | -0.3 | -1.0 | -2.1 |
Leather and allied products |
316 |
30.2 | 18.0 | 3.5 | -12.3 | -4.0 | -7.3 |
Wood products |
321 |
392.5 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 2.2 |
Sawmills and wood preservation |
3211 |
98.3 | 2.0 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 7.0 | 3.1 |
Plywood and engineered wood products |
3212 |
72.3 | -5.7 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 5.8 |
Other wood products |
3219 |
221.9 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 0.5 |
Paper and paper products |
322 |
373.4 | -1.8 | -2.5 | -0.7 | 1.5 | 4.1 |
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills |
3221 |
105.1 | -1.7 | -3.4 | -1.7 | 1.4 | 4.9 |
Converted paper products |
3222 |
268.3 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -0.2 | 1.6 | 3.3 |
Printing and related support activities |
323 |
482.9 | -1.2 | -0.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
Printing and related support activities |
3231 |
482.9 | -1.2 | -0.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
Petroleum and coal products |
324 |
111.6 | 2.7 | 2.3 | -0.4 | 1.6 | -0.7 |
Petroleum and coal products |
3241 |
111.6 | 2.7 | 2.3 | -0.4 | 1.6 | -0.7 |
Chemicals |
325 |
815.4 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 2.2 |
Basic chemicals |
3251 |
147.5 | -4.1 | 0.3 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
Agricultural chemicals |
3253 |
37.2 | -4.6 | 0.7 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 4.0 |
Pharmaceuticals and medicines |
3254 |
282.4 | 4.5 | 1.0 | -3.4 | 6.3 | 5.2 |
Paints, coatings, and adhesives |
3255 |
60.3 | -4.8 | -0.2 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 6.6 |
Plastics and rubber products |
326 |
678.6 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 3.7 | -3.1 |
Plastics products |
3261 |
544.5 | 2.7 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | -3.3 |
Rubber products |
3262 |
134.1 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 4.8 | -2.3 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
327 |
400.5 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | -1.5 |
Clay products and refractories |
3271 |
47.6 | 4.7 | 1.6 | -2.9 | 1.7 | 0.1 |
Glass and glass products |
3272 |
91.7 | -7.0 | 8.7 | 16.8 | 2.7 | -5.5 |
Cement and concrete products |
3273 |
173.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 4.1 | -0.3 |
Lime and gypsum products |
3274 |
14.5 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 13.6 | 3.7 |
Other nonmetallic mineral products |
3279 |
72.9 | 2.1 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 5.2 | -0.6 |
Primary metals |
331 |
404.7 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 2.2 | -2.1 |
Alumina and aluminum production |
3313 |
59.8 | -0.8 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 2.5 |
Foundries |
3315 |
127.3 | 3.0 | 9.9 | 6.7 | 2.1 | -7.0 |
Fabricated metal products |
332 |
1,496.9 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 3.2 | -0.8 |
Forging and stamping |
3321 |
100.7 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 2.1 | 4.8 | -3.9 |
Cutlery and hand tools |
3322 |
38.8 | 5.0 | -4.4 | -9.0 | 2.9 | 7.7 |
Architectural and structural metals |
3323 |
373.6 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
Spring and wire products |
3326 |
44.6 | 1.6 | 9.5 | 7.8 | 1.2 | -7.6 |
Machine shops and threaded products |
3327 |
387.0 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | -1.6 |
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals |
3328 |
143.3 | 1.6 | 0.7 | -0.8 | 2.2 | 1.4 |
Other fabricated metal products |
3329 |
284.7 | 1.9 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.2 | -4.5 |
Machinery |
333 |
1,134.6 | 3.7 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | -3.5 |
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery |
3331 |
255.8 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 1.3 | 2.2 | -6.4 |
Industrial machinery |
3332 |
109.2 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 2.7 | 3.2 | -4.9 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
3334 |
128.7 | 0.8 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 2.9 | -2.1 |
Metalworking machinery |
3335 |
184.0 | 4.5 | 7.3 | 2.7 | 1.9 | -5.0 |
Computer and electronic products |
334 |
1,055.6 | 4.2 | 3.8 | -0.4 | 0.8 | -2.9 |
Semiconductors and electronic components |
3344 |
368.6 | 9.8 | 8.0 | -1.6 | 2.2 | -5.4 |
Electronic instruments |
3345 |
390.5 | 8.2 | 5.9 | -2.1 | -0.7 | -6.3 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
335 |
376.7 | 3.2 | 1.6 | -1.6 | 1.5 | -0.1 |
Electric lighting equipment |
3351 |
46.8 | 4.4 | 1.0 | -3.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 |
Household appliances |
3352 |
59.6 | 9.4 | 7.1 | -2.0 | 2.1 | -4.7 |
Electrical equipment |
3353 |
144.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | -0.9 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
Other electrical equipment and components |
3359 |
125.7 | 2.9 | 1.2 | -1.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 |
Transportation equipment |
336 |
1,576.5 | 2.4 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 4.5 | -1.3 |
Motor vehicles |
3361 |
199.5 | -3.3 | 8.5 | 12.3 | 7.8 | -0.7 |
Motor vehicle parts |
3363 |
539.2 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 6.7 | 0.6 |
Aerospace products and parts |
3364 |
496.3 | 3.3 | 2.1 | -1.2 | 1.9 | -0.2 |
Ship and boat building |
3366 |
139.8 | 6.7 | 11.4 | 4.4 | 3.6 | -7.0 |
Other transportation equipment |
3369 |
34.2 | 5.4 | 8.8 | 3.2 | -2.0 | -9.9 |
Furniture and related products |
337 |
402.8 | 1.4 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | -2.2 |
Household and institutional furniture |
3371 |
259.7 | 2.8 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 5.9 | -4.9 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
339 |
640.9 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 3.7 | -0.8 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
3391 |
318.4 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 1.9 | 4.7 | -1.3 |
Industry | NAICS code | 2013 Employment (thousands) |
Percent change, 2012-2013 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Output per hour | Output | Hours | Labor compensation | Unit labor costs | |||
Mining |
|||||||
Mining |
21 |
827.3 | 9.0 | 8.7 | -0.3 | 2.5 | -5.6 |
Oil and gas extraction |
211 |
195.6 | 14.0 | 11.2 | -2.4 | 2.7 | -7.6 |
Oil and gas extraction |
2111 |
195.6 | 14.0 | 11.2 | -2.4 | 2.7 | -7.6 |
Mining, except oil and gas |
212 |
209.9 | 6.4 | 0.6 | -5.5 | -3.0 | -3.6 |
Coal mining |
2121 |
78.1 | 7.7 | -3.0 | -9.9 | -8.3 | -5.4 |
Metal ore mining |
2122 |
44.5 | 8.3 | 1.4 | -6.4 | 0.7 | -0.7 |
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying |
2123 |
87.3 | 4.8 | 4.5 | -0.3 | 1.8 | -2.6 |
Support activities for mining |
213 |
421.8 | -1.8 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 |
Support activities for mining |
2131 |
421.8 | -1.8 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 3.9 |
Manufacturing |
|||||||
Food |
311 |
1,522.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.4 |
Animal food |
3111 |
59.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 1.2 |
Grain and oilseed milling |
3112 |
60.3 | 3.9 | 3.2 | -0.7 | 0.9 | -2.2 |
Sugar and confectionery products |
3113 |
73.2 | -1.5 | 4.9 | 6.6 | 3.9 | -1.0 |
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty |
3114 |
170.5 | 7.1 | 2.3 | -4.4 | 0.4 | -1.9 |
Dairy products |
3115 |
135.0 | 0.7 | -0.4 | -1.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
Animal slaughtering and processing |
3116 |
483.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | -0.1 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Seafood product preparation and packaging |
3117 |
38.8 | 7.4 | 5.2 | -2.1 | 2.1 | -2.9 |
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing |
3118 |
318.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.1 | -0.6 |
Other food products |
3119 |
184.1 | -0.8 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.3 | 3.1 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
312 |
204.9 | -7.6 | 1.7 | 10.1 | 6.4 | 4.6 |
Beverages |
3121 |
190.7 | -7.8 | 2.0 | 10.7 | 8.2 | 6.0 |
Tobacco and tobacco products |
3122 |
14.2 | -1.3 | 0.7 | 2.0 | -4.5 | -5.1 |
Textile mills |
313 |
123.6 | 8.2 | 3.5 | -4.3 | 3.6 | 0.1 |
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills |
3131 |
28.2 | 7.8 | 5.1 | -2.4 | 4.4 | -0.7 |
Fabric mills |
3132 |
58.2 | 6.6 | 1.8 | -4.5 | 4.2 | 2.3 |
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills |
3133 |
37.2 | 10.6 | 4.4 | -5.6 | 2.1 | -2.2 |
Textile product mills |
314 |
128.1 | 6.5 | 2.8 | -3.4 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
Textile furnishings mills |
3141 |
56.2 | 3.7 | 1.6 | -2.1 | 3.5 | 1.9 |
Other textile product mills |
3149 |
71.9 | 9.6 | 4.6 | -4.5 | 2.7 | -1.8 |
Apparel |
315 |
163.0 | -0.7 | -3.2 | -2.6 | -1.9 | 1.4 |
Apparel knitting mills |
3151 |
16.3 | 30.5 | 6.5 | -18.4 | -2.9 | -8.8 |
Cut and sew apparel |
3152 |
136.8 | -4.6 | -4.9 | -0.4 | -2.3 | 2.8 |
Accessories and other apparel |
3159 |
9.9 | -3.3 | -1.9 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 4.9 |
Leather and allied products |
316 |
34.1 | 4.3 | -2.4 | -6.4 | 2.4 | 4.9 |
Leather and hide tanning and finishing |
3161 |
5.0 | 25.2 | 9.9 | -12.2 | 1.4 | -7.7 |
Footwear |
3162 |
13.9 | -12.7 | -12.7 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 18.8 |
Other leather products |
3169 |
15.2 | 10.4 | -0.4 | -9.9 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
Wood products |
321 |
375.7 | -1.1 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 2.6 |
Sawmills and wood preservation |
3211 |
93.3 | -3.4 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 4.1 |
Plywood and engineered wood products |
3212 |
68.0 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 11.3 | 3.8 |
Other wood products |
3219 |
214.4 | -0.4 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 0.6 |
Paper and paper products |
322 |
380.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.6 |
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills |
3221 |
108.8 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
Converted paper products |
3222 |
271.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 |
Printing and related support activities |
323 |
473.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -1.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 |
Printing and related support activities |
3231 |
473.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | -1.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 |
Petroleum and coal products |
324 |
110.7 | 6.0 | 2.8 | -3.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 |
Petroleum and coal products |
3241 |
110.7 | 6.0 | 2.8 | -3.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 |
Chemicals |
325 |
797.3 | -1.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
Basic chemicals |
3251 |
142.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | -0.5 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers |
3252 |
92.3 | -1.1 | -0.8 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 |
Agricultural chemicals |
3253 |
38.8 | 3.4 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 7.1 | -7.8 |
Pharmaceuticals and medicines |
3254 |
276.7 | -6.1 | -4.2 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 11.7 |
Paints, coatings, and adhesives |
3255 |
58.5 | -4.2 | 4.4 | 9.0 | 4.2 | -0.2 |
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries |
3256 |
104.9 | 3.4 | -1.4 | -4.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 |
Other chemical products and preparations |
3259 |
83.5 | -3.8 | -3.4 | 0.3 | -3.4 | 0.1 |
Plastics and rubber products |
326 |
660.9 | -0.6 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.7 |
Plastics products |
3261 |
530.0 | -0.5 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 0.5 |
Rubber products |
3262 |
130.9 | -1.5 | -2.5 | -1.1 | 4.0 | 6.6 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
327 |
391.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | -0.3 | 4.0 | 0.4 |
Clay products and refractories |
3271 |
46.5 | 11.4 | 1.4 | -9.0 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
Glass and glass products |
3272 |
89.1 | 1.2 | 0.1 | -1.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
Cement and concrete products |
3273 |
169.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | -0.2 | 3.9 | 0.6 |
Lime and gypsum products |
3274 |
13.9 | 6.6 | 4.0 | -2.4 | 7.3 | 3.2 |
Other nonmetallic mineral products |
3279 |
72.1 | 1.6 | 9.3 | 7.5 | 6.7 | -2.3 |
Primary metals |
331 |
399.7 | 5.6 | 3.6 | -1.8 | 0.5 | -3.0 |
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production |
3311 |
92.7 | 7.3 | 3.5 | -3.5 | 0.1 | -3.3 |
Steel products from purchased steel |
3312 |
60.3 | -0.9 | -0.2 | 0.7 | -1.3 | -1.1 |
Alumina and aluminum production |
3313 |
58.5 | 10.0 | 7.1 | -2.7 | 5.2 | -1.8 |
Other nonferrous metal production |
3314 |
62.5 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 1.0 | -1.2 | -5.1 |
Foundries |
3315 |
125.7 | 3.4 | 0.4 | -2.8 | 0.2 | -0.3 |
Fabricated metal products |
332 |
1,462.8 | -1.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.0 |
Forging and stamping |
3321 |
98.9 | 1.7 | 1.1 | -0.6 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
Cutlery and hand tools |
3322 |
42.2 | -1.8 | -2.3 | -0.5 | -0.4 | 2.0 |
Architectural and structural metals |
3323 |
353.6 | -0.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 2.5 |
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers |
3324 |
97.8 | -3.9 | -0.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
Hardware |
3325 |
23.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 6.5 | -0.1 |
Spring and wire products |
3326 |
43.1 | -8.9 | -4.3 | 5.0 | -0.5 | 4.0 |
Machine shops and threaded products |
3327 |
380.3 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.5 |
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals |
3328 |
142.0 | -3.1 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
Other fabricated metal products |
3329 |
281.3 | -3.2 | -0.6 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 |
Machinery |
333 |
1,114.6 | -4.2 | -4.9 | -0.7 | 2.0 | 7.2 |
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery |
3331 |
252.4 | -9.6 | -9.6 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 11.3 |
Industrial machinery |
3332 |
108.1 | -1.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
Commercial and service industry machinery |
3333 |
86.9 | 1.4 | -2.1 | -3.4 | 1.9 | 4.0 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
3334 |
127.6 | 3.6 | 0.5 | -3.1 | 1.9 | 1.4 |
Metalworking machinery |
3335 |
183.8 | 0.9 | -1.1 | -2.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 |
Turbine and power transmission equipment |
3336 |
98.5 | -12.3 | -9.6 | 3.0 | -3.0 | 7.3 |
Other general purpose machinery |
3339 |
257.3 | -2.0 | -2.4 | -0.5 | 4.3 | 6.9 |
Computer and electronic products |
334 |
1,071.2 | -1.9 | -4.1 | -2.2 | -1.2 | 3.0 |
Computer and peripheral equipment |
3341 |
158.8 | -6.5 | -4.1 | 2.6 | -20.2 | -16.8 |
Communications equipment |
3342 |
101.1 | 24.3 | 11.3 | -10.4 | 14.0 | 2.4 |
Audio and video equipment |
3343 |
19.4 | 7.0 | 4.8 | -2.1 | 1.8 | -2.8 |
Semiconductors and electronic components |
3344 |
376.7 | -6.8 | -9.9 | -3.3 | 1.0 | 12.1 |
Electronic instruments |
3345 |
395.8 | -3.8 | -3.9 | -0.2 | -3.7 | 0.2 |
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction |
3346 |
19.4 | -0.2 | -11.2 | -11.0 | -4.7 | 7.4 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
335 |
377.7 | -2.2 | -0.1 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
Electric lighting equipment |
3351 |
48.0 | -1.8 | -0.1 | 1.7 | -1.3 | -1.2 |
Household appliances |
3352 |
57.7 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 1.3 | -2.1 |
Electrical equipment |
3353 |
145.1 | -2.4 | -1.5 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 3.4 |
Other electrical equipment and components |
3359 |
126.9 | -4.9 | -0.4 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
Transportation equipment |
336 |
1,516.2 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 0.7 |
Motor vehicles |
3361 |
181.7 | 1.6 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 7.3 | 0.8 |
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers |
3362 |
135.5 | 4.1 | 8.3 | 4.1 | 9.1 | 0.7 |
Motor vehicle parts |
3363 |
511.5 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 1.9 |
Aerospace products and parts |
3364 |
498.0 | 3.8 | 2.3 | -1.5 | 3.9 | 1.6 |
Railroad rolling stock |
3365 |
25.1 | 6.1 | 14.1 | 7.6 | 0.6 | -11.8 |
Ship and boat building |
3366 |
132.1 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 1.0 | -3.4 |
Other transportation equipment |
3369 |
32.3 | -1.6 | -4.4 | -2.9 | -6.3 | -1.9 |
Furniture and related products |
337 |
386.5 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 5.1 | 1.6 |
Household and institutional furniture |
3371 |
246.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 6.9 | 1.8 |
Office furniture and fixtures |
3372 |
105.2 | -0.8 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.0 |
Other furniture-related products |
3379 |
35.2 | -3.3 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 1.9 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
339 |
635.9 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 1.1 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
3391 |
316.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 | -0.6 | 3.5 | 0.9 |
Other miscellaneous manufacturing |
3399 |
319.3 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 1.4 |
Industry | NAICS code | Average annual percent change, 1987-2013 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Output per hour | Output | Hours | Labor compensation | Unit labor costs | ||
Mining |
||||||
Mining |
21 |
-0.2 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 4.5 |
Oil and gas extraction |
211 |
0.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5.6 | 5.0 |
Oil and gas extraction |
2111 |
0.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5.6 | 5.0 |
Mining, except oil and gas |
212 |
1.4 | 0.2 | -1.2 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
Coal mining |
2121 |
1.6 | -0.6 | -2.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
Metal ore mining |
2122 |
0.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 4.8 | 3.7 |
onmetallic mineral mining and quarrying |
2123 |
1.4 | 0.4 | -0.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 |
Support activities for mining |
213 |
2.3 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 8.3 | 2.6 |
Support activities for mining |
2131 |
2.3 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 8.3 | 2.6 |
Manufacturing |
||||||
Food |
311 |
1.2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 1.4 |
Animal food |
3111 |
2.1 | 1.8 | -0.4 | 3.1 | 1.3 |
Grain and oilseed milling |
3112 |
2.0 | 1.4 | -0.6 | 2.1 | 0.7 |
Sugar and confectionery products |
3113 |
1.4 | 0.5 | -0.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 |
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty |
3114 |
1.4 | 1.2 | -0.3 | 2.7 | 1.5 |
Dairy products |
3115 |
1.8 | 1.5 | -0.4 | 3.1 | 1.6 |
Animal slaughtering and processing |
3116 |
1.0 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
Seafood product preparation and packaging |
3117 |
0.9 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing |
3118 |
0.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
Other food products |
3119 |
0.4 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 2.1 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
312 |
0.5 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Beverages |
3121 |
1.4 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 |
Tobacco and tobacco products |
3122 |
2.1 | -2.7 | -4.7 | -1.2 | 1.6 |
Textile mills |
313 |
3.4 | -2.2 | -5.5 | -2.7 | -0.5 |
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills |
3131 |
3.3 | -1.9 | -5.0 | -2.6 | -0.8 |
Fabric mills |
3132 |
3.9 | -2.5 | -6.2 | -2.7 | -0.2 |
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills |
3133 |
1.4 | -3.1 | -4.5 | -2.6 | 0.5 |
Textile product mills |
314 |
0.9 | -1.8 | -2.7 | 0.4 | 2.2 |
Textile furnishings mills |
3141 |
0.6 | -2.5 | -3.1 | -0.5 | 2.0 |
Other textile product mills |
3149 |
1.8 | -0.6 | -2.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
Apparel |
315 |
-0.7 | -7.1 | -6.4 | -5.5 | 1.7 |
Apparel knitting mills |
3151 |
0.6 | -6.7 | -7.3 | -6.2 | 0.6 |
Cut and sew apparel |
3152 |
-0.8 | -7.1 | -6.4 | -5.5 | 1.7 |
Accessories and other apparel |
3159 |
-1.5 | -6.8 | -5.4 | -4.4 | 2.6 |
Leather and allied products |
316 |
1.1 | -4.1 | -5.1 | -2.9 | 1.3 |
Leather and hide tanning and finishing |
3161 |
0.9 | -2.9 | -3.7 | -2.9 | 0.0 |
Footwear |
3162 |
1.6 | -5.1 | -6.6 | -3.5 | 1.7 |
Other leather products |
3169 |
-0.5 | -3.9 | -3.5 | -2.0 | 2.0 |
Wood products |
321 |
1.5 | -0.1 | -1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Sawmills and wood preservation |
3211 |
1.9 | 0.0 | -1.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Plywood and engineered wood products |
3212 |
1.4 | -0.1 | -1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Other wood products |
3219 |
1.1 | -0.4 | -1.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 |
Paper and paper products |
322 |
2.3 | 0.2 | -2.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills |
3221 |
2.8 | -0.4 | -3.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
Converted paper products |
3222 |
1.7 | 0.3 | -1.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
Printing and related support activities |
323 |
1.4 | -0.6 | -2.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
Printing and related support activities |
3231 |
1.4 | -0.6 | -2.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
Petroleum and coal products |
324 |
2.3 | 1.2 | -1.1 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
Petroleum and coal products |
3241 |
2.3 | 1.2 | -1.1 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
Chemicals |
325 |
1.7 | 1.1 | -0.7 | 2.9 | 1.8 |
Basic chemicals |
3251 |
2.7 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers |
3252 |
2.6 | 0.7 | -1.8 | 2.0 | 1.3 |
Agricultural chemicals |
3253 |
2.4 | 1.5 | -0.9 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Pharmaceuticals and medicines |
3254 |
-0.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 3.7 |
Paints, coatings, and adhesives |
3255 |
0.8 | -0.4 | -1.2 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries |
3256 |
2.2 | 1.6 | -0.6 | 2.4 | 0.8 |
Other chemical products and preparations |
3259 |
2.3 | 0.1 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Plastics and rubber products |
326 |
2.0 | 1.4 | -0.6 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
Plastics products |
3261 |
1.9 | 1.7 | -0.2 | 2.9 | 1.2 |
Rubber products |
3262 |
2.2 | 0.4 | -1.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
327 |
1.3 | 0.1 | -1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Clay products and refractories |
3271 |
0.9 | -1.6 | -2.4 | -0.3 | 1.3 |
Glass and glass products |
3272 |
2.6 | 0.5 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
Cement and concrete products |
3273 |
0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
Lime and gypsum products |
3274 |
1.2 | -0.6 | -1.8 | 2.1 | 2.8 |
Other nonmetallic mineral products |
3279 |
1.7 | 1.1 | -0.5 | 2.5 | 1.4 |
Primary metals |
331 |
2.9 | 0.9 | -2.0 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production |
3311 |
4.0 | 1.5 | -2.4 | 0.7 | -0.8 |
Steel products from purchased steel |
3312 |
0.5 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
Alumina and aluminum production |
3313 |
3.0 | 0.6 | -2.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Other nonferrous metal production |
3314 |
2.4 | 0.4 | -2.0 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
Foundries |
3315 |
2.1 | -0.1 | -2.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Fabricated metal products |
332 |
1.2 | 1.0 | -0.2 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
Forging and stamping |
3321 |
2.7 | 1.6 | -1.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 |
Cutlery and hand tools |
3322 |
1.2 | -1.0 | -2.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
Architectural and structural metals |
3323 |
0.6 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers |
3324 |
0.9 | 0.7 | -0.2 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
Hardware |
3325 |
1.1 | -2.6 | -3.6 | -1.5 | 1.1 |
Spring and wire products |
3326 |
2.2 | -0.2 | -2.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
Machine shops and threaded products |
3327 |
1.9 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 1.2 |
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals |
3328 |
2.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 0.6 |
Other fabricated metal products |
3329 |
0.8 | 0.2 | -0.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
Machinery |
333 |
2.4 | 1.6 | -0.7 | 2.3 | 0.6 |
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery |
3331 |
2.5 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.4 |
Industrial machinery |
3332 |
1.9 | 0.8 | -1.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
Commercial and service industry machinery |
3333 |
2.1 | -0.2 | -2.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
3334 |
2.3 | 1.2 | -1.0 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
Metalworking machinery |
3335 |
2.0 | 0.6 | -1.4 | 1.3 | 0.7 |
Turbine and power transmission equipment |
3336 |
1.9 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 1.8 | 0.0 |
Other general purpose machinery |
3339 |
2.4 | 1.6 | -0.8 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
Computer and electronic products |
334 |
10.6 | 8.0 | -2.4 | 0.8 | -6.6 |
Computer and peripheral equipment |
3341 |
18.1 | 13.5 | -3.9 | -3.6 | -15.0 |
Communications equipment |
3342 |
6.4 | 3.0 | -3.2 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
Audio and video equipment |
3343 |
3.0 | -1.4 | -4.3 | -0.5 | 1.0 |
Semiconductors and electronic components |
3344 |
15.0 | 13.1 | -1.6 | 1.0 | -10.7 |
Electronic instruments |
3345 |
3.6 | 1.6 | -1.9 | 1.8 | 0.1 |
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction |
3346 |
0.8 | -2.0 | -2.8 | -1.1 | 0.9 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
335 |
2.2 | 0.0 | -2.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Electric lighting equipment |
3351 |
1.7 | -0.5 | -2.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
Household appliances |
3352 |
3.3 | 0.0 | -3.2 | -0.8 | -0.8 |
Electrical equipment |
3353 |
1.7 | -0.4 | -2.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 |
Other electrical equipment and components |
3359 |
2.0 | 0.2 | -1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
Transportation equipment |
336 |
3.1 | 1.9 | -1.2 | 1.4 | -0.5 |
Motor vehicles |
3361 |
3.8 | 1.8 | -1.9 | 0.9 | -0.9 |
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers |
3362 |
1.5 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 1.9 |
Motor vehicle parts |
3363 |
3.3 | 2.7 | -0.6 | 0.9 | -1.7 |
Aerospace products and parts |
3364 |
2.7 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
Railroad rolling stock |
3365 |
5.7 | 5.7 | 0.1 | 3.7 | -1.9 |
Ship and boat building |
3366 |
2.0 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
Other transportation equipment |
3369 |
4.0 | 3.7 | -0.3 | 3.0 | -0.7 |
Furniture and related products |
337 |
1.7 | -0.2 | -1.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Household and institutional furniture |
3371 |
1.4 | -0.9 | -2.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 |
Office furniture and fixtures |
3372 |
1.6 | 0.2 | -1.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 |
Other furniture-related products |
3379 |
2.5 | 1.4 | -1.0 | 1.9 | 0.4 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
339 |
2.5 | 2.1 | -0.4 | 3.5 | 1.4 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
3391 |
3.1 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 0.9 |
Other miscellaneous manufacturing |
3399 |
1.6 | 0.3 | -1.3 | 2.0 | 1.7 |