Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-0162
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, February 2, 2012
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2011, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 0.7 percent
annual rate during the fourth quarter of 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The gain in productivity reflects increases of
3.6 percent in output and 2.9 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly
percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
From the fourth quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2011,
productivity grew 0.5 percent, as output rose 2.3 percent and hours rose
1.8 percent. (See table A.) Annual average productivity increased 0.7
percent from 2010 to 2011. (See table C.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index
of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 1.2 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2011, as productivity grew at a slower rate (0.7 percent) than
hourly compensation (1.9 percent). Unit labor costs rose 1.3 percent over
the last four quarters. (See table A.) Annual average unit labor costs
increased 1.2 percent from 2010 to 2011. (See table C.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector productivity declined 0.4 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2011, as output rose 3.8 percent and hours worked increased 4.2
percent; this is the largest quarterly gain in hours worked since the
fourth quarter of 2005 (4.8 percent). Over the last four quarters,
manufacturing productivity increased 1.7 percent. Annual average
productivity grew 2.8 percent from 2010 to 2011. Unit labor costs in
manufacturing increased 1.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011 but
decreased 1.1 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A, C
and 3.)
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing
output series differ from those used in preparing the business and nonfarm
business output series, and these measures are not directly comparable.
See Technical Notes for further information on data sources.
Table C presents annual averages for the most recent five years for the
nonfarm business sector and total manufacturing sector. Nonfarm business
sector productivity grew 0.7 percent in 2011, as output and hours
increased 2.4 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively. The increase in hours
worked is the first annual increase in the measure since 2007. Because
productivity grew more slowly than hourly compensation (1.9 percent), unit
labor costs rose in 2011(1.2 percent). Real hourly compensation, which
takes into account changes in consumer prices, fell 1.2 percent in 2011--
the largest decline in the annual series since a 1.7 percent decline in
1989.
In the manufacturing sector, productivity grew 2.8 percent in 2011,
reflecting a 4.9 percent increase in output combined with a 2.0 percent
increase in hours; this is the largest annual increase in manufacturing
sector hours since a 2.3 percent gain in 1994. Unit labor costs in the
manufacturing sector fell 1.3 percent in 2011.
Revised measures
Revised and previous measures for the third quarter of 2011 are shown in
tables B and D and cover the following major sectors: nonfarm business,
business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporations. Measures for the
nonfinancial corporate sector include historically revised gross product
of nonfinancial corporate business in chained (2005) dollars, published
December 22, 2011 by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S.
Department of Commerce.
In the third quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity growth was 1.9
percent, reflecting a downward revision to output and a slight upward
revision to hours. (See table B.) Unit labor costs for the nonfarm
business sector fell 2.1 percent in the third quarter, less than
previously reported.
In the nonfinancial corporate (NFC) sector, quarterly percent changes in
productivity and unit labor costs were not revised for the third quarter,
although indexes for these and other measures related to output were
revised historically.
Effective with this release, measures for the NFC sector, previously
beginning in 1958, have been extended back to 1947. These newly-introduced
data for the pre-1958 period are based upon the same methodology and data
sources as those for 1958 forward. Nonfinancial corporate sector
productivity grew at a 2.4 percent average annual rate from 1947 to 2010.
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2009 to 2011 appear in
tables 1-6 and revised historical annual data for the nonfinancial
corporate sector in appendix table 1. Full historical measures can be
found on the productivity and costs home page at
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
___________
The revised Productivity and Costs press release for the fourth quarter
2011 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, March 7, 2012 at 8:30 a.m.
(EST).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data in this release do not reflect the annual benchmark revision of the
BLS Current Employment Statistics program data to be released February 3,
2012. This benchmark will be incorporated in our next release on March 7,
2012.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary fourth-quarter 2011 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 -0.4 1.7 -0.4 3.0 1.3 1.6
Output 3.6 2.3 3.5 2.0 3.8 4.3 6.3 7.4 1.5 1.2
Hours 2.9 1.8 2.9 1.8 4.2 2.5 6.7 4.3 0.2 -0.4
Hourly
compensation 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.2 -0.2 2.7 1.8
Real hourly
compensation 1.0 -1.5 1.1 -1.6 0.3 -2.6 -0.8 -3.4 1.7 -1.5
Unit labor
costs 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 -1.1 0.6 -3.0 1.4 0.2
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: third quarter 2011
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate
Productivity 1.9 2.3 1.5 1.9 5.3 5.0 8.7 9.5 1.6 0.1
Output 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.0 5.0 4.6 7.8 8.3 2.3 1.0
Hours 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.9 -1.1 0.6 0.9
Hourly
compensation -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 -1.2 -1.3
Real hourly
compensation -3.2 -3.2 -3.5 -3.5 -3.5 -3.4 -3.1 -2.8 -4.1 -4.2
Unit labor
costs -2.1 -2.5 -2.1 -2.4 -5.6 -5.1 -8.2 -8.5 -2.8 -1.4
======================================================================================================
Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures: 2007-2011
Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 | 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
--------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------
Productivity 1.5 0.6 2.3 4.1 0.7 | 3.9 -0.5 0.5 6.1 2.8
Output 2.1 -1.5 -5.1 4.0 2.4 | 2.2 -4.4 -12.5 6.0 4.9
Hours 0.6 -2.1 -7.2 -0.1 1.7 | -1.7 -4.0 -13.0 0.0 2.0
Hourly |
compensation 4.0 3.4 1.6 2.1 1.9 | 3.2 4.3 4.5 1.6 1.5
Real hourly |
compensation 1.1 -0.4 2.0 0.4 -1.2 | 0.4 0.4 4.9 0.0 -1.7
Unit labor costs 2.4 2.8 -0.7 -2.0 1.2 | -0.7 4.8 4.0 -4.2 -1.3
======================================================================================================
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2011 productivity and cost measures
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2011
Revised -2.6 -0.8 1.9 0.3 -2.7 3.0 7.7 3.8
Previous -2.6 -0.8 1.9 0.3 -2.6 3.0 7.5 3.7
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include
hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary workers, the
self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and
employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which
provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid
hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly
paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this
purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology
estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory
workers using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES,
and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of
the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more
establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features
measures of employment that count each person only once and classify each
person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that
person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more
detailed information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all
other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed
information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct
industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following
outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households
(including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in
labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of
GDP in 2010. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74
percent of GDP in 2010.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and
other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and
intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures
are based on the index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with
annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables
include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing;
nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing;
fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing; computer and
electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance
manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related
product manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include:
food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills;
textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product
manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities;
petroleum and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and
plastics and rubber products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding
companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and
insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 48 percent of
the value of GDP in 2010.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between
real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per
hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons
engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor,
capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint
effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private households
are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to derive employee
compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors
cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in
the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not
contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe
the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity, or real
output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on
producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor
productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor
costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in
three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the
previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data are
presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous
year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and
costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in
this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site,
www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector
Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.1 1.7 1.9 -1.2 1.5 3.8 2.4
2011 IV 0.6 3.5 2.9 2.0 1.1 1.4 -2.0 -0.1
III 1.5 r 2.7 r 1.1 r -0.6 r -3.5 -2.1 r 9.2 r 2.6 r
II 0.1 1.7 1.6 0.2 -3.8 0.1 6.8 2.9
I -1.4 0.3 1.7 5.4 0.1 6.8 -2.2 2.9
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 3.9 -0.1 2.0 0.4 -2.0 6.1 1.3
2010 IV 1.7 3.2 1.5 0.4 -2.2 -1.3 7.3 2.2
III 2.5 3.7 1.2 2.2 0.7 -0.3 3.2 1.1
II 1.1 4.7 3.6 2.4 2.9 1.2 2.8 1.9
I 4.3 5.1 0.8 1.2 0.0 -2.9 9.0 1.8
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.9 -7.1 1.6 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7
2009 IV 5.3 5.0 -0.3 1.2 -1.6 -3.9 9.0 1.1
III 7.0 1.8 -4.9 2.7 -0.9 -4.0 7.3 0.3
II 8.0 -1.0 -8.4 6.6 4.6 -1.3 -1.0 -1.2
I 1.5 -8.5 -9.8 -2.7 -0.4 -4.1 10.5 1.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.1 1.7 1.9 -1.2 1.5 3.8 2.4
2011 IV 0.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 -1.6 1.5 2.8 2.1
III 0.5 r 2.0 1.5 1.3 -2.4 0.8 r 5.2 2.6
II 0.7 2.2 1.5 2.0 -1.3 1.3 3.7 2.3
I 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.6 0.4 1.6 2.7 2.0
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 3.9 -0.1 2.0 0.4 -2.0 6.1 1.3
2010 IV 2.4 4.2 1.8 1.5 0.3 -0.8 5.5 1.8
III 3.3 4.6 1.3 1.7 0.5 -1.5 6.0 1.5
II 4.4 4.1 -0.3 1.9 0.1 -2.4 7.0 1.3
I 6.2 2.7 -3.3 2.9 0.5 -3.1 6.0 0.5
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.9 -7.1 1.6 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7
2009 IV 5.4 -0.8 -5.9 1.9 0.4 -3.3 6.3 0.4
III 3.3 -5.1 -8.1 2.0 3.7 -1.2 1.8 0.0
II 1.3 -6.8 -8.0 2.2 3.2 0.9 0.5 0.8
I -0.1 -6.5 -6.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 4.0 1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 110.5 104.7 94.8 118.0 102.4 106.8 120.7 112.3
2011 IV 111.0 106.0 95.5 118.3 101.9 106.6 121.8 112.6
III 110.8 r 105.1 r 94.9 r 117.7 r 101.6 r 106.3 r 122.5 r 112.7 r
II 110.4 104.4 94.6 117.9 102.5 106.8 119.8 111.9
I 110.4 104.0 94.2 117.9 103.5 106.8 117.8 111.2
2010 ANNUAL 110.0 102.5 93.2 115.8 103.6 105.3 116.3 109.6
2010 IV 110.7 103.9 93.8 116.3 103.5 105.0 118.5 110.4
III 110.3 103.1 93.5 116.2 104.1 105.4 116.4 109.7
II 109.6 102.1 93.2 115.6 103.9 105.5 115.5 109.4
I 109.3 101.0 92.4 114.9 103.1 105.1 114.7 108.9
2009 ANNUAL 105.7 98.7 93.4 113.5 103.3 107.4 109.6 108.3
2009 IV 108.2 99.7 92.2 114.6 103.1 105.9 112.3 108.4
III 106.8 98.5 92.3 114.2 103.5 107.0 109.9 108.1
II 105.0 98.1 93.4 113.5 103.8 108.1 108.0 108.1
I 103.0 98.3 95.5 111.7 102.6 108.5 108.2 108.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 0.7 2.4 1.7 1.9 -1.2 1.2 3.2 2.1
2011 IV 0.7 3.6 2.9 1.9 1.0 1.2 -1.1 0.2
III 1.9 r 2.8 r 0.9 r -0.3 r -3.2 -2.1 r 9.0 r 2.5 r
II -0.1 1.8 2.0 -0.2 -4.1 -0.1 6.7 2.7
I -0.6 0.9 1.5 5.6 0.3 6.2 -3.1 2.2
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 4.0 -0.1 2.1 0.4 -2.0 5.7 1.1
2010 IV 2.2 3.8 1.5 0.6 -2.1 -1.6 6.4 1.7
III 2.1 3.5 1.4 1.9 0.4 -0.2 2.0 0.7
II 1.2 4.6 3.4 2.6 3.1 1.4 3.0 2.0
I 4.6 5.2 0.5 1.4 0.2 -3.1 8.8 1.6
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.6 2.0 -0.7 3.8 1.1
2009 IV 5.5 5.6 0.1 1.2 -1.5 -4.1 7.7 0.5
III 6.5 1.4 -4.8 2.3 -1.3 -3.9 8.1 0.6
II 8.0 -1.1 -8.4 6.7 4.7 -1.2 -1.3 -1.2
I 1.3 -8.7 -9.9 -2.7 -0.4 -4.0 12.1 2.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 0.7 2.4 1.7 1.9 -1.2 1.2 3.2 2.1
2011 IV 0.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 -1.5 1.3 2.7 1.9
III 0.8 r 2.3 r 1.5 r 1.4 -2.3 0.5 r 4.6 r 2.2
II 0.9 2.5 1.6 1.9 -1.4 1.0 2.9 1.8
I 1.2 3.2 1.9 2.6 0.4 1.4 2.0 1.7
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 4.0 -0.1 2.1 0.4 -2.0 5.7 1.1
2010 IV 2.5 4.3 1.7 1.6 0.4 -0.9 5.0 1.5
III 3.3 4.7 1.3 1.8 0.5 -1.5 5.3 1.2
II 4.4 4.2 -0.3 1.9 0.1 -2.5 6.9 1.2
I 6.2 2.7 -3.2 2.9 0.5 -3.1 5.7 0.4
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.6 2.0 -0.7 3.8 1.1
2009 IV 5.3 -0.9 -5.9 1.8 0.3 -3.3 6.5 0.5
III 3.0 -5.5 -8.2 2.1 3.7 -0.9 2.5 0.4
II 1.2 -7.1 -8.2 2.4 3.4 1.1 1.2 1.2
I -0.2 -6.7 -6.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.0 2.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 110.6 104.8 94.8 118.0 102.4 106.7 119.9 111.9
2011 IV 111.2 106.2 95.5 118.4 101.9 106.5 121.2 112.2
III 111.0 r 105.2 r 94.8 r 117.8 r 101.6 r 106.1 r 121.5 r 112.2 r
II 110.5 104.5 94.6 117.9 102.5 106.7 118.9 111.5
I 110.5 104.0 94.2 117.9 103.6 106.7 117.0 110.8
2010 ANNUAL 109.8 102.4 93.2 115.8 103.7 105.4 116.1 109.6
2010 IV 110.7 103.8 93.8 116.3 103.5 105.1 118.0 110.2
III 110.1 102.9 93.5 116.2 104.0 105.6 116.1 109.7
II 109.5 102.0 93.1 115.6 103.9 105.6 115.6 109.5
I 109.2 100.8 92.4 114.9 103.1 105.3 114.7 109.0
2009 ANNUAL 105.5 98.5 93.3 113.4 103.3 107.5 109.8 108.4
2009 IV 107.9 99.6 92.2 114.5 103.1 106.1 112.3 108.5
III 106.5 98.2 92.2 114.2 103.5 107.2 110.3 108.4
II 104.8 97.9 93.4 113.5 103.8 108.3 108.1 108.2
I 102.8 98.2 95.5 111.7 102.6 108.6 108.5 108.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 2.8 4.9 2.0 1.5 -1.7 -1.3
2011 IV -0.4 3.8 4.2 1.2 0.3 1.6
III 5.3 r 5.0 r -0.3 r -0.6 r -3.5 r -5.6 r
II -2.1 r 0.6 r 2.7 -2.1 -6.0 0.0 r
I 4.2 7.8 3.4 4.1 -1.2 -0.2
2010 ANNUAL 6.1 6.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 -4.2
2010 IV 4.9 3.8 -1.0 2.3 -0.4 -2.5
III 2.1 5.6 3.4 1.7 0.2 -0.5
II 5.2 9.2 3.8 3.8 4.3 -1.3
I 4.7 7.8 3.0 -2.7 -3.9 -7.1
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.5 4.9 4.0
2009 IV 7.3 6.5 -0.8 3.1 0.3 -3.9
III 13.1 7.5 -4.9 1.4 -2.2 -10.3
II 6.3 -10.1 -15.4 7.9 5.9 1.5
I -1.4 -21.1 -20.0 0.5 2.9 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 2.8 4.9 2.0 1.5 -1.7 -1.3
2011 IV 1.7 4.3 2.5 0.6 -2.6 -1.1
III 3.0 r 4.3 r 1.2 0.9 -2.8 r -2.1 r
II 2.3 r 4.4 2.1 1.4 -1.9 -0.8
I 4.1 6.6 2.4 2.9 0.7 -1.1
2010 ANNUAL 6.1 6.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 -4.2
2010 IV 4.2 6.6 2.3 1.2 0.0 -2.9
III 4.8 7.3 2.3 1.4 0.2 -3.2
II 7.5 7.7 0.2 1.4 -0.4 -5.7
I 7.8 2.6 -4.8 2.4 0.0 -5.0
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.5 4.9 4.0
2009 IV 6.2 -5.1 -10.6 3.2 1.7 -2.8
III 2.7 -11.9 -14.2 4.8 6.6 2.0
II -1.7 -16.5 -15.1 5.8 6.9 7.6
I -4.8 -16.0 -11.8 4.0 4.2 9.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 114.4 96.5 84.4 118.3 102.7 103.5
2011 IV 114.9 97.8 85.2 118.4 101.9 103.0
III 115.0 r 96.9 r 84.3 r 118.0 r 101.8 r 102.6 r
II 113.5 r 95.7 r 84.4 118.2 102.7 104.1 r
I 114.1 95.6 83.8 118.8 104.3 104.1
2010 ANNUAL 111.3 92.0 82.7 116.6 104.4 104.8
2010 IV 112.9 93.8 83.1 117.6 104.6 104.2
III 111.6 92.9 83.3 117.0 104.7 104.8
II 111.0 91.7 82.6 116.5 104.7 105.0
I 109.6 89.7 81.8 115.4 103.6 105.3
2009 ANNUAL 104.9 86.8 82.7 114.8 104.5 109.4
2009 IV 108.3 88.0 81.2 116.2 104.6 107.3
III 106.5 86.7 81.4 115.3 104.5 108.3
II 103.2 85.1 82.4 114.9 105.1 111.3
I 101.7 87.4 86.0 112.8 103.6 110.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 4.0 8.1 3.9 0.8 -2.3 -3.1
2011 IV -0.4 6.3 6.7 0.2 -0.8 0.6
III 8.7 r 7.8 r -0.9 r -0.2 r -3.1 r -8.2 r
II -2.9 r 2.0 r 5.0 -4.9 -8.6 -2.1 r
I 6.9 13.7 6.4 4.4 -0.8 -2.3
2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.4 -5.2
2010 IV 5.3 5.7 0.4 2.2 -0.5 -3.0
III 1.7 8.3 6.5 -0.8 -2.2 -2.5
II 11.3 14.5 2.8 7.1 7.7 -3.7
I 6.2 10.2 3.8 -3.1 -4.3 -8.7
2009 ANNUAL -4.6 -19.3 -15.5 5.7 6.1 10.8
2009 IV 6.3 5.9 -0.4 3.8 1.0 -2.3
III 18.2 10.3 -6.6 1.0 -2.6 -14.5
II 2.1 -18.8 -20.5 11.6 9.5 9.3
I -10.0 -31.2 -23.6 3.1 5.5 14.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 4.0 8.1 3.9 0.8 -2.3 -3.1
2011 IV 3.0 7.4 4.3 -0.2 -3.4 -3.0
III 4.4 r 7.2 r 2.7 r 0.3 r -3.3 -3.9 r
II 2.7 r 7.3 4.5 0.2 -3.1 -2.5 r
I 6.2 10.5 4.0 3.2 1.0 -2.9
2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.4 -5.2
2010 IV 6.1 9.6 3.4 1.3 0.1 -4.5
III 6.3 9.7 3.2 1.7 0.4 -4.4
II 10.4 10.2 -0.2 2.1 0.3 -7.5
I 8.0 1.1 -6.4 3.2 0.8 -4.5
2009 ANNUAL -4.6 -19.3 -15.5 5.7 6.1 10.8
2009 IV 3.6 -10.1 -13.3 4.8 3.3 1.1
III -2.5 -18.9 -16.8 5.9 7.7 8.7
II -7.8 -24.4 -18.0 7.4 8.4 16.4
I -10.5 -22.5 -13.4 4.6 4.8 16.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 113.4 94.4 83.2 119.1 103.3 105.0
2011 IV 114.3 96.4 84.4 118.7 102.2 103.9
III 114.4 r 95.0 r 83.0 r 118.7 r 102.4 r 103.7 r
II 112.0 r 93.2 r 83.2 118.7 103.2 106.0 r
I 112.9 92.8 82.2 120.2 105.6 106.5
2010 ANNUAL 109.0 87.3 80.1 118.1 105.7 108.3
2010 IV 111.0 89.8 80.9 118.9 105.8 107.1
III 109.6 88.6 80.9 118.3 105.9 108.0
II 109.1 86.9 79.6 118.5 106.5 108.6
I 106.2 84.0 79.0 116.5 104.6 109.7
2009 ANNUAL 101.2 81.2 80.2 115.7 105.3 114.3
2009 IV 104.7 82.0 78.3 117.4 105.7 112.2
III 103.1 80.8 78.4 116.4 105.5 112.9
II 98.9 78.8 79.7 116.1 106.2 117.4
I 98.3 83.0 84.4 112.9 103.8 114.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 2.6 1.7 -0.9 2.2 -0.9 -0.3
2011 IV 1.3 1.5 0.2 2.7 1.7 1.4
III 1.6 r 2.3 r 0.6 r -1.2 r -4.1 r -2.8 r
II 0.1 r -0.9 -0.9 2.8 -1.2 2.7 r
I 3.4 2.1 -1.3 2.8 -2.4 -0.6
2010 ANNUAL 3.9 3.9 0.1 0.8 -0.9 -3.0
2010 IV 5.3 2.0 -3.2 2.2 -0.5 -3.0
III 4.2 2.8 -1.3 5.7 4.2 1.4
II -1.3 4.0 5.4 -1.9 -1.4 -0.5
I 3.6 5.4 1.7 -2.2 -3.4 -5.6
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.2 0.5
2009 IV 7.7 6.2 -1.4 1.9 -0.9 -5.4
III 5.3 3.0 -2.2 2.5 -1.1 -2.6
II 4.3 -2.5 -6.5 2.8 0.8 -1.5
I 2.8 -11.2 -13.6 -3.3 -1.0 -6.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 2.6 1.7 -0.9 2.2 -0.9 -0.3
2011 IV 1.6 1.2 -0.4 1.8 -1.5 0.2
III 2.6 r 1.4 r -1.2 1.6 -2.1 -0.9 r
II 3.2 1.5 -1.7 3.4 0.0 0.1
I 2.9 2.7 -0.2 2.1 0.0 -0.7
2010 ANNUAL 3.9 3.9 0.1 0.8 -0.9 -3.0
2010 IV 2.9 3.5 0.6 0.9 -0.3 -2.0
III 3.5 4.6 1.1 0.8 -0.4 -2.6
II 3.8 4.6 0.8 0.1 -1.7 -3.6
I 5.2 3.0 -2.1 1.2 -1.1 -3.8
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.2 0.5
2009 IV 5.0 -1.3 -6.0 0.9 -0.5 -3.9
III 4.5 -5.8 -9.8 3.5 5.2 -1.0
II 0.9 -9.1 -9.9 3.7 4.7 2.8
I -1.0 -9.7 -8.8 3.3 3.4 4.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 111.3 96.2 86.5 117.2 101.7 105.4
2011 IV 111.8 96.7 86.5 117.9 101.5 105.5
III 111.4 r 96.4 r 86.5 r 117.1 r 101.0 r 105.1 r
II 111.0 r 95.8 r 86.4 117.4 102.1 105.8 r
I 110.9 96.0 86.6 116.6 102.4 105.1
2010 ANNUAL 108.5 94.6 87.2 114.7 102.7 105.7
2010 IV 110.0 95.5 86.9 115.8 103.0 105.3
III 108.6 95.1 87.6 115.2 103.2 106.1
II 107.5 94.4 87.9 113.6 102.1 105.7
I 107.8 93.5 86.7 114.2 102.5 105.9
2009 ANNUAL 104.5 91.1 87.2 113.8 103.6 109.0
2009 IV 106.9 92.3 86.3 114.8 103.3 107.4
III 104.9 90.9 86.6 114.3 103.6 108.9
II 103.6 90.2 87.1 113.5 103.8 109.6
I 102.5 90.8 88.6 112.8 103.6 110.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 III -2.6 -0.8 1.9 0.3 -2.7 r 3.0 3.5 r 3.1 7.7 r 3.8 r
II 3.2 6.1 2.9 0.8 -3.2 -2.3 -1.8 -2.2 28.9 1.8
I 2.3 4.5 2.1 4.5 -0.8 2.2 r 0.7 1.7 3.7 2.0
2010 ANNUAL 4.8 r 4.9 r 0.1 1.9 0.3 -2.7 r -9.2 r -4.6 r 41.3 r -0.1 r
2010 IV -3.2 r -1.5 r 1.9 -0.3 -3.0 3.0 r 1.9 r 2.7 r -0.7 r 2.2 r
III -0.3 r 2.1 r 2.3 2.6 1.2 2.9 r -4.4 r 0.8 r 13.5 r 2.5 r
II -1.5 r 2.6 r 4.2 1.4 2.0 3.0 r -7.5 r -0.1 r 10.5 r 1.3 r
I 8.8 r 10.2 r 1.2 0.9 -0.4 -7.3 r -14.7 r -9.5 r 102.7 r -0.1 r
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 r -7.4 r -7.8 2.0 2.4 1.5 r 6.5 r 3.0 r -8.2 r 1.8 r
2009 IV 9.7 r 9.1 r -0.6 1.6 -1.1 -7.4 r -9.7 r -8.1 r 75.4 r -1.6 r
III 8.1 r 2.7 r -5.0 3.0 -0.7 -4.8 r -12.6 r -7.1 r 54.4 r -2.7 r
II 5.8 r -4.5 r -9.7 7.4 5.4 1.6 r -2.0 r 0.5 r -27.2 r -2.4 r
I -9.6 r -20.0 r -11.5 -6.3 -4.0 3.7 r 23.5 r 9.2 r -28.5 r 4.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 III -0.2 r 2.0 r 2.2 1.3 -2.4 1.4 1.0 r 1.3 9.3 2.4
II 0.4 r 2.8 2.3 1.9 -1.4 1.4 r -0.9 r 0.7 10.8 r 2.1 r
I -0.7 r 1.9 r 2.6 2.0 -0.2 2.8 r -2.4 r 1.3 r 6.6 r 2.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 4.8 r 4.9 r 0.1 1.9 0.3 -2.7 r -9.2 r -4.6 r 41.3 r -0.1 r
2010 IV 0.8 r 3.3 r 2.4 1.1 -0.1 0.3 r -6.4 r -1.7 r 26.1 r 1.5 r
III 4.1 r 5.9 r 1.8 1.6 0.4 -2.3 r -9.2 r -4.3 r 45.3 r 0.5 r
II 6.2 r 6.1 r -0.1 1.7 0.0 -4.2 r -11.2 r -6.3 r 56.9 r -0.8 r
I 8.1 r 4.2 r -3.6 3.2 0.8 -4.5 r -9.9 r -6.1 r 41.4 r -1.7 r
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 r -7.4 r -7.8 2.0 2.4 1.5 r 6.5 r 3.0 r -8.2 r 1.8 r
2009 IV 3.2 r -3.8 r -6.8 1.3 -0.1 -1.8 r -1.1 r -1.6 r 8.9 r -0.5 r
III 0.0 r -8.8 r -8.8 2.5 4.1 2.5 r 6.2 r 3.6 r -18.1 r 1.0 r
II -0.1 r -8.8 r -8.7 2.9 3.9 2.9 r 10.0 r 4.9 r -15.2 r 2.8 r
I -1.2 r -8.0 r -6.9 1.5 1.6 2.7 r 11.4 r 5.1 r -7.0 r 3.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 III 108.2 r 103.0 r 95.2 r 117.6 r 101.5 r 108.7 r 109.8 r 109.0 r 132.8 r 112.0 r
II 109.0 r 103.2 r 94.7 117.5 102.2 107.9 r 108.8 r 108.1 r 130.4 r 111.0 r
I 108.1 r 101.7 r 94.0 117.3 103.0 108.5 r 109.3 r 108.7 r 122.4 r 110.5 r
2010 ANNUAL 108.3 r 100.4 r 92.7 115.6 103.5 106.8 r 109.9 r 107.6 r 118.8 r 109.0 r
2010 IV 107.5 r 100.6 r 93.5 116.0 103.2 107.9 r 109.1 r 108.3 r 121.2 r 109.9 r
III 108.4 r 100.9 r 93.1 116.1 104.0 107.1 r 108.6 r 107.6 r 121.5 r 109.3 r
II 108.5 r 100.4 r 92.6 115.4 103.7 106.4 r 109.9 r 107.3 r 117.7 r 108.6 r
I 108.9 r 99.8 r 91.6 115.0 103.2 105.6 r 112.0 r 107.4 r 114.8 r 108.3 r
2009 ANNUAL 103.4 r 95.8 r 92.6 113.4 103.2 109.7 r 121.0 r 112.8 r 84.1 r 109.2 r
2009 IV 106.6 r 97.4 r 91.3 114.7 103.3 107.6 r 116.6 r 110.1 r 96.2 r 108.3 r
III 104.2 r 95.3 r 91.5 114.3 103.6 109.7 r 119.6 r 112.4 r 83.6 r 108.8 r
II 102.2 r 94.7 r 92.7 113.4 103.7 111.0 r 123.7 r 114.5 r 75.0 r 109.5 r
I 100.7 r 95.8 r 95.1 111.4 102.4 110.6 r 124.3 r 114.4 r 81.2 r 110.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as
more complete information becomes available. The measures are first
published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions
appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.
In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a
quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the
initial value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95
percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this
measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of
2011.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2010 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest
and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental
income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
average indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with
inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 108.3 r 100.4 r 92.7 115.6 103.5 106.8 r 109.9 r 107.6 r 118.8 r 109.0 r
2009 103.4 r 95.8 r 92.6 113.4 103.2 109.7 r 121.0 r 112.8 r 84.1 r 109.2 r
2008 102.9 r 103.4 r 100.5 111.2 100.8 108.0 r 113.6 r 109.6 r 91.6 r 107.3 r
2007 102.5 r 104.8 r 102.2 107.3 101.0 104.6 r 109.2 r 105.9 r 100.0 r 105.1 r
2006 101.9 r 103.8 r 101.9 103.3 100.0 101.3 r 103.0 r 101.8 r 111.6 r 103.0 r
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2004 97.8 r 96.5 r 98.7 96.5 99.7 98.6 r 95.7 r 97.8 r 88.0 r 96.6 r
2003 94.4 r 92.3 r 97.8 93.9 99.7 99.5 r 96.8 r 98.7 r 66.0 r 94.6 r
2002 90.4 r 90.0 r 99.6 89.5 97.1 99.0 r 97.1 r 98.5 r 59.5 r 93.5 r
2001 87.1 r 89.4 r 102.7 87.1 96.1 100.1 r 96.7 r 99.1 r 51.9 r 93.2 r
2000 86.4 r 91.2 r 105.6 84.4 95.6 97.7 r 91.1 r 95.9 r 64.3 r 91.9 r
1999 83.0 r 86.5 r 104.3 78.6 92.0 94.7 r 88.1 r 92.9 r 77.3 r 90.9 r
1998 80.4 r 82.0 r 102.0 75.2 90.0 93.5 r 85.8 r 91.4 r 83.1 r 90.3 r
1997 77.7 r 77.6 r 99.8 71.0 86.0 91.3 r 85.3 r 89.6 r 94.8 r 90.3 r
1996 75.7 r 72.8 r 96.1 68.9 85.3 90.9 r 85.4 r 89.4 r 92.5 r 89.8 r
1995 73.1 r 69.0 r 94.4 66.9 85.1 91.5 r 85.9 r 90.0 r 85.5 r 89.4 r
1994 72.3 r 65.9 r 91.1 65.7 85.6 90.9 r 85.5 r 89.4 r 82.4 r 88.5 r
1993 70.9 r 62.0 r 87.4 64.6 85.9 91.1 r 85.2 r 89.4 r 70.3 r 87.0 r
1992 70.7 r 60.4 r 85.4 63.4 86.5 89.7 r 85.8 r 88.6 r 61.5 r 85.2 r
1991 69.0 r 58.6 r 85.0 60.5 84.6 87.7 r 87.9 r 87.8 r 58.0 r 84.0 r
1990 67.3 r 58.9 r 87.5 57.6 83.4 85.6 r 83.6 r 85.1 r 58.9 r 81.7 r
1989 66.6 r 58.1 r 87.2 55.0 83.6 82.6 r 80.0 r 81.8 r 61.2 r 79.2 r
1988 67.5 r 57.1 r 84.6 53.7 85.1 79.5 r 75.2 r 78.3 r 66.8 r 76.8 r
1987 65.8 r 54.0 r 82.0 51.5 84.6 78.2 r 74.2 r 77.1 r 60.4 r 75.0 r
1986 64.6 r 51.3 r 79.5 49.8 84.7 77.2 r 75.0 r 76.6 r 53.6 r 73.7 r
1985 63.2 r 50.1 r 79.3 47.5 82.1 75.1 r 71.6 r 74.1 r 62.5 r 72.6 r
1984 62.0 r 48.0 r 77.5 45.4 81.3 73.3 r 69.7 r 72.3 r 65.2 r 71.4 r
1983 60.6 r 44.1 r 72.8 43.6 81.3 72.0 r 70.4 r 71.5 r 54.3 r 69.4 r
1982 58.6 r 42.1 r 71.8 42.1 81.7 71.7 r 70.2 r 71.3 r 44.7 r 67.9 r
1981 58.5 r 43.1 r 73.8 39.5 81.3 67.5 r 63.4 r 66.4 r 48.5 r 64.1 r
1980 57.0 r 41.5 r 72.7 36.2 81.7 63.5 r 55.6 r 61.3 r 40.7 r 58.7 r
1979 57.2 r 41.9 r 73.2 32.9 82.5 57.5 r 47.5 r 54.8 r 45.4 r 53.6 r
1978 57.7 r 40.6 r 70.4 30.2 82.9 52.3 r 43.6 r 49.9 r 48.4 r 49.7 r
1977 56.9 r 38.1 r 66.9 27.6 81.2 48.5 r 41.6 r 46.6 r 46.6 r 46.6 r
1976 55.5 r 35.5 r 64.0 25.6 80.1 46.2 r 40.1 r 44.5 r 42.7 r 44.2 r
1975 53.6 r 32.8 r 61.2 23.7 78.3 44.1 r 40.3 r 43.1 r 37.8 r 42.4 r
1974 51.7 r 33.3 r 64.5 21.5 77.8 41.7 r 35.4 r 39.9 r 29.2 r 38.6 r
1973 52.7 r 33.8 r 64.2 19.7 78.9 37.3 r 30.9 r 35.5 r 32.9 r 35.2 r
1972 52.2 r 31.9 r 61.1 18.3 77.9 35.0 r 29.3 r 33.4 r 32.6 r 33.3 r
1971 51.1 r 29.6 r 57.9 17.3 76.3 33.9 r 29.3 r 32.6 r 30.0 r 32.3 r
1970 49.0 r 28.4 r 58.0 16.3 74.9 33.3 r 28.0 r 31.8 r 26.5 r 31.1 r
1969 48.7 r 28.7 r 58.9 15.3 74.0 31.3 r 24.9 r 29.5 r 32.5 r 29.9 r
1968 48.6 r 27.6 r 56.7 14.3 73.1 29.4 r 23.0 r 27.6 r 35.9 r 28.7 r
1967 46.9 r 25.9 r 55.1 13.3 70.8 28.3 r 21.7 r 26.5 r 36.0 r 27.7 r
1966 46.2 r 25.2 r 54.6 12.6 69.1 27.2 r 20.4 r 25.3 r 38.6 r 27.0 r
1965 45.4 r 23.5 r 51.8 11.9 67.3 26.3 r 20.4 r 24.6 r 38.7 r 26.4 r
1964 44.3 r 21.7 r 49.0 11.6 66.5 26.1 r 20.5 r 24.6 r 36.0 r 26.0 r
1963 43.6 r 20.3 r 46.5 11.4 66.1 26.1 r 20.5 r 24.5 r 34.7 r 25.8 r
1962 42.1 r 19.1 r 45.5 11.0 65.0 26.2 r 20.7 r 24.7 r 32.8 r 25.7 r
1961 40.3 r 17.6 r 43.8 10.6 63.2 26.3 r 21.0 r 24.8 r 30.4 r 25.6 r
1960 39.0 r 17.2 r 44.2 10.3 61.8 26.3 r 20.6 r 24.7 r 30.4 r 25.4 r
1959 38.4 r 16.7 r 43.5 9.9 60.5 25.8 r 20.2 r 24.2 r 33.0 r 25.3 r
1958 36.5 r 15.0 r 41.0 9.5 58.7 26.1 r 21.0 r 24.7 r 28.3 r 25.1 r
1957 35.8 15.6 43.5 9.2 58.0 25.6 19.2 23.8 31.2 24.7
1956 35.1 15.4 43.8 8.6 56.6 24.6 17.9 22.8 32.4 24.0
1955 35.0 14.9 42.6 8.1 54.0 23.2 16.8 21.5 34.9 23.2
1954 33.0 13.3 40.3 7.9 52.0 23.8 17.4 22.0 29.7 23.0
1953 31.7 13.5 42.5 7.6 50.6 24.0 17.0 22.0 30.5 23.1
1952 30.5 12.6 41.2 7.2 48.3 23.6 17.1 21.8 32.8 23.2
1951 29.8 12.1 40.6 6.8 46.5 22.8 16.3 21.0 36.8 23.0
1950 30.1 11.5 38.1 6.2 46.0 20.7 15.6 19.3 34.2 21.2
1949 28.0 10.2 36.3 5.9 44.0 21.0 16.3 19.7 30.2 21.0
1948 26.6 10.2 38.6 5.7 42.1 21.5 15.2 19.7 33.2 21.4
1947 24.9 9.5 38.2 5.2 41.4 20.9 14.5 19.1 27.4 20.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 2, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
