Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0128
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, February 3, 2011
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2010, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.6 percent annual
rate during the fourth quarter of 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. This gain in productivity reflects increases of 4.5 percent
in output and 1.8 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in
this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) Productivity increased
1.7 percent over the last four quarters (table A). Annual average productivity
increased 3.6 percent from 2009 to 2010 (table C). Quarterly measures provide
information on business cycles whereas annual measures are compared to
long-term trends.
Labor productivity is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an
index of the combined hours worked of all persons, including employees,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses declined 0.6 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2010, as the increase in productivity (2.6 percent) outpaced the
increase in hourly compensation (1.9 percent). BLS defines unit labor costs as
the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in hourly
compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in output per
hour tend to reduce them. Over the last four quarters, unit labor costs
declined 0.2 percent, as hourly compensation and productivity increased 1.5
percent and 1.7 percent, respectively (table A). Annual average unit labor
costs fell 1.5 percent from 2009 to 2010 (table C).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data in this release do not reflect the annual benchmark revision of the BLS
Current Employment Statistics program data to be released February 4, 2011.
This benchmark will be incorporated in our next release on March 3, 2011.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing sector productivity grew 5.8 percent in the fourth quarter of
2010, as output rose 3.7 percent and hours worked declined 2.0 percent. From
the fourth quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2010, manufacturing
productivity increased 3.6 percent as output increased 6.4 percent and hours
rose 2.7 percent (table A). Unit labor costs in manufacturing fell 2.9 percent
in the fourth quarter of 2010 and decreased 3.0 percent from the same quarter
a year ago (table A). Annual average productivity grew 6.0 percent from 2009
to 2010.
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing
output series differ from those used in preparing the business and nonfarm
business output series, and these measures are not directly comparable. See
Technical Notes for further information on data sources.
Table C presents Annual Averages for the most recent five years. The nonfarm
business sector experienced productivity growth of 3.6 percent from 2009 to
2010 and 3.5 percent from 2008 to 2009. However, the 2010 increase in output
per hour was due to a 3.7 percent increase in output as hours edged up 0.1
percent, whereas the 2009 productivity gain resulted when output fell 3.8
percent and hours fell 7.0 percent. In both years, strong productivity growth
in nonfarm business was accompanied by declines in unit labor costs. By
contrast the previous three years (2006-2008) were marked by modest
productivity gains and increases in unit labor costs of more than two percent.
In the manufacturing sector, productivity grew 6.0 percent in 2010, the
largest annual increase in output per hour since 2003, when output per hour
increased 6.3 percent. The 2010 productivity gain reflected a 6.6 percent
increase in output combined with a 0.6 percent increase in hours. Productivity
grew 8.2 percent in durable goods manufacturing and 3.5 percent in nondurable
goods industries (tables 4 and 5). Unit labor costs in the manufacturing
sector fell 4.5 percent--the largest decline in annual manufacturing unit
labor costs since the series began in 1988.
Revised measures
Revised and previous measures for the third quarter of 2010 are found in
tables B and D and cover the following major sectors: nonfarm business,
business, manufacturing and nonfinancial corporations.
In the third quarter of 2010, productivity growth was revised up to 2.4
percent in the nonfarm business sector and 1.4 percent in the manufacturing
sector, when compared to the estimate published on December 1 (table B). In
both sectors, output was revised up while hours were unrevised. Unit labor
costs for the nonfarm business sector declined 0.1 percent in the third
quarter, as previously reported. The increase in manufacturing unit labor
costs was revised down to 0.1 percent from 1.0 percent. In the nonfinancial
corporate sector productivity was revised down due to a downward revision in
output; hours were revised down slightly (table D).
Nonfinancial corporate sector data have been historically revised to
incorporate the December 22, 2010 release by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis of revised data on gross product in billions of chained (2005)
dollars.
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2008 to 2010 appear in
tables 1-6 and revised historical annual data for the nonfinancial
corporate sector in appendix table 1. Full historical measures can be
found on the productivity and costs home page
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
___________
The revised Productivity and Costs press release for fourth-quarter 2010 is
scheduled to be released on Thursday, March 3, 2011 at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary fourth-quarter 2010 measures: percent change from previous quarter, annual
rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 2.6 1.7 2.4 1.7 5.8 3.6 6.0 5.0 5.8 2.5
Output 4.5 3.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 6.4 4.1 8.8 3.2 3.8
Hours 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 -2.0 2.7 -1.7 3.6 -2.4 1.2
Hourly
compensation 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.8 0.5 2.9 0.9 2.5 -0.4
Real hourly
compensation -0.6 0.3 -0.8 0.3 0.2 -0.7 0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -1.6
Unit labor
costs -0.6 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2 -2.9 -3.0 -2.9 -3.9 -3.1 -2.9
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures, third quarter 2010
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate
Productivity 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 1.4 0.6 0.1 -0.5 4.2 3.2
Output 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 5.0 4.2 6.7 6.0 3.1 2.2
Hours 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 3.6 3.6 6.6 6.5 -1.0 -0.9
Hourly
compensation 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.6 0.7 0.8 2.2 2.4
Real hourly
compensation 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.1 -0.8 -0.7 0.7 0.9
Unit labor
costs -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 -1.9 -0.7
======================================================================================================
Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures, 2006-2010
Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 | 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------
Productivity 0.9 1.6 1.0 3.5 3.6 0.8 4.2 -0.3 2.0 6.0
Output 3.1 2.1 -1.1 -3.8 3.7 1.5 2.4 -4.4 -10.8 6.6
Hours 2.2 0.5 -2.1 -7.0 0.1 0.8 -1.7 -4.0 -12.6 0.6
Hourly
compensation 3.8 4.0 3.3 1.9 2.0 2.0 3.3 4.0 5.2 1.2
Real hourly
compensation 0.5 1.1 -0.5 2.2 0.3 -1.2 0.4 0.1 5.6 -0.5
Unit labor
costs 2.8 2.4 2.2 -1.6 -1.5 1.2 -0.9 4.3 3.1 -4.5
======================================================================================================
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2010 productivity and cost measures
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate
Revised -3.5 -1.4 2.2 2.3 0.8 6.0 1.6 4.7
Previous -2.4 -0.2 2.3 2.2 0.7 4.7 8.8 4.6
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs
held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also
provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours
at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier
years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly
hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS
features measures of employment that count each person only once and
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at
all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS
also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures
use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all
hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours
data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions
also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75
percent of the value of GDP in 2009. Nonfarm business, which excludes
farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2009.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted
to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output
prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries:
wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing;
primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing;
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing;
electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment
manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and
miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing;
beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product
mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing;
paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum
and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and
rubber products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of
bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in
the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for
about 47 percent of the value of GDP in 2009.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They
show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services
produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work
of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather,
they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in
technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity,
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill;
and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private
households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to
derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor
compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be
estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly
compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation
for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary
pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit
labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases
and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented
in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of
the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data
are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the
previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity
and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent
changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index
numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the
BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division
of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.7 1.0
2010 IV 2.4 4.3 1.8 1.8 -0.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.3
III 2.6 r 3.8 r 1.1 r 2.6 r 1.1 r -0.1 r 5.6 r 2.3 r
II -1.8 1.8 3.7 2.7 3.5 4.6 -0.4 2.5
I 3.5 5.0 1.4 -1.1 -2.6 -4.5 9.6 1.2
2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.7 -6.9 1.8 2.2 -1.6 3.8 0.5
2009 IV 6.1 6.5 0.3 1.5 -1.2 -4.4 5.2 -0.5
III 7.2 1.6 -5.3 3.8 0.0 -3.2 7.4 0.9
II 8.3 -0.3 -7.9 9.0 7.1 0.6 -2.9 -0.8
I 3.5 -6.2 -9.4 -3.6 -1.5 -6.9 13.6 0.8
2008 ANNUAL 1.1 -0.9 -2.0 3.2 -0.6 2.1 1.4 1.8
2008 IV -0.3 -9.3 -9.0 0.8 11.0 1.1 -7.9 -2.6
III -1.1 -6.1 -5.0 3.6 -2.6 4.8 5.7 5.1
II 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.1 -4.8 -1.1 12.3 4.0
I -0.9 -2.0 -1.1 4.5 -0.3 5.4 -5.7 0.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.7 1.0
2010 IV 1.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 0.3 -0.2 3.6 1.4
III 2.6 4.3 r 1.6 1.4 0.2 -1.1 4.9 r 1.3 r
II 3.7 3.7 0.0 1.7 -0.1 -1.9 5.4 1.0
I 6.3 3.2 -2.9 3.2 0.8 -2.9 4.7 0.2
2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.7 -6.9 1.8 2.2 -1.6 3.8 0.5
2009 IV 6.3 0.3 -5.6 2.5 1.0 -3.5 5.6 0.1
III 4.6 -3.7 -7.9 2.4 4.0 -2.2 2.2 -0.4
II 2.5 -5.5 -7.8 2.3 3.3 -0.2 1.8 0.6
I 0.8 -5.6 -6.3 0.2 0.3 -0.6 5.6 1.8
2008 ANNUAL 1.1 -0.9 -2.0 3.2 -0.6 2.1 1.4 1.8
2008 IV -0.3 -4.5 -4.3 2.2 0.6 2.5 0.8 1.8
III 0.5 -1.5 -2.0 3.4 -1.8 2.8 1.9 2.5
II 1.9 0.6 -1.2 3.3 -0.9 1.4 1.8 1.6
I 2.4 1.7 -0.6 3.9 -0.3 1.5 1.3 1.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 ANNUAL 111.1 104.1 93.7 115.8 103.7 104.2 116.8 109.2
2010 IV 111.8 105.5 94.3 116.8 103.9 104.4 117.5 109.6
III 111.2 r 104.4 r 93.9 r 116.2 r 104.1 r 104.6 r 117.5 r 109.7 r
II 110.4 103.4 93.7 115.5 103.8 104.6 115.9 109.1
I 111.0 103.0 92.8 114.7 102.9 103.4 116.0 108.4
2009 ANNUAL 107.3 100.4 93.6 113.6 103.4 105.9 111.6 108.1
2009 IV 110.0 101.7 92.5 115.1 103.6 104.6 113.4 108.1
III 108.4 100.1 92.4 114.6 103.9 105.8 112.0 108.2
II 106.5 99.8 93.7 113.6 103.9 106.6 110.0 108.0
I 104.4 99.8 95.6 111.2 102.1 106.5 110.8 108.2
2008 ANNUAL 103.6 104.2 100.5 111.5 101.1 107.6 107.5 107.6
2008 IV 103.5 101.4 98.0 112.2 102.5 108.4 107.3 108.0
III 103.6 103.9 100.3 112.0 99.9 108.1 109.6 108.7
II 103.9 105.6 101.6 111.0 100.6 106.8 108.1 107.3
I 103.6 105.7 102.1 111.0 101.8 107.1 105.0 106.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.2 0.8
2010 IV 2.6 4.5 1.8 1.9 -0.6 -0.6 -1.3 -0.9
III 2.4 r 3.8 r 1.4 2.3 r 0.8 -0.1 4.6 r 1.9 r
II -1.8 1.6 3.5 2.9 3.7 4.9 -0.4 2.6
I 3.9 5.0 1.1 -0.9 -2.4 -4.6 9.8 1.2
2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.8 -7.0 1.9 2.2 -1.6 4.6 0.8
2009 IV 6.0 6.7 0.7 1.5 -1.1 -4.2 3.5 -1.1
III 7.0 1.4 -5.2 3.4 -0.3 -3.3 8.1 1.1
II 8.4 -0.2 -7.9 9.1 7.2 0.6 -2.9 -0.8
I 3.4 -6.4 -9.5 -3.7 -1.6 -6.9 15.4 1.4
2008 ANNUAL 1.0 -1.1 -2.1 3.3 -0.5 2.2 1.2 1.8
2008 IV -0.1 -9.5 -9.5 1.1 11.3 1.2 -6.5 -1.9
III -1.3 -6.2 -4.9 3.7 -2.6 5.0 6.0 5.4
II 1.2 -0.3 -1.5 -0.2 -5.1 -1.4 13.6 4.2
I -1.4 -2.5 -1.2 4.7 0.0 6.2 -7.0 0.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.0 0.3 -1.5 4.2 0.8
2010 IV 1.7 3.7 2.0 1.5 0.3 -0.2 3.1 1.2
III 2.6 r 4.3 1.7 1.4 0.2 -1.1 4.3 r 1.1 r
II 3.7 3.7 0.0 1.7 -0.1 -1.9 5.2 0.9
I 6.3 3.2 -2.9 3.2 0.8 -2.9 4.5 0.1
2009 ANNUAL 3.5 -3.8 -7.0 1.9 2.2 -1.6 4.6 0.8
2009 IV 6.2 0.3 -5.6 2.5 1.0 -3.5 5.8 0.2
III 4.6 -3.8 -8.0 2.4 4.0 -2.2 3.2 0.0
II 2.5 -5.6 -8.0 2.4 3.4 -0.1 2.7 1.0
I 0.8 -5.7 -6.4 0.2 0.3 -0.6 6.8 2.2
2008 ANNUAL 1.0 -1.1 -2.1 3.3 -0.5 2.2 1.2 1.8
2008 IV -0.4 -4.7 -4.3 2.3 0.7 2.7 1.2 2.1
III 0.5 -1.7 -2.2 3.6 -1.6 3.1 1.6 2.5
II 1.9 0.5 -1.3 3.5 -0.8 1.6 1.4 1.5
I 2.2 1.6 -0.6 3.8 -0.3 1.6 0.7 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 ANNUAL 111.0 104.0 93.7 115.8 103.7 104.3 116.7 109.2
2010 IV 111.8 105.4 94.3 116.8 103.9 104.5 117.0 109.4
III 111.0 r 104.3 r 93.9 r 116.2 r 104.0 r 104.6 r 117.4 r 109.7 r
II 110.4 103.3 93.6 115.5 103.8 104.7 116.1 109.2
I 110.9 102.9 92.8 114.7 102.9 103.4 116.2 108.5
2009 ANNUAL 107.2 100.3 93.5 113.5 103.3 105.9 111.9 108.3
2009 IV 109.9 101.7 92.5 115.0 103.5 104.7 113.5 108.2
III 108.3 100.0 92.4 114.5 103.8 105.8 112.6 108.5
II 106.5 99.7 93.6 113.6 103.9 106.7 110.4 108.2
I 104.3 99.7 95.6 111.1 102.1 106.5 111.2 108.4
2008 ANNUAL 103.6 104.2 100.6 111.5 101.1 107.6 107.0 107.4
2008 IV 103.5 101.4 98.0 112.2 102.5 108.4 107.3 108.0
III 103.5 104.0 100.5 111.9 99.8 108.1 109.1 108.5
II 103.8 105.6 101.7 110.9 100.5 106.8 107.5 107.1
I 103.5 105.7 102.1 111.0 101.8 107.2 104.2 106.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 ANNUAL 6.0 6.6 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -4.5
2010 IV 5.8 3.7 -2.0 2.8 0.2 -2.9
III 1.4 r 5.0 r 3.6 1.5 r 0.0 r 0.1 r
II 5.7 r 9.9 r 4.0 4.8 5.5 -0.8 r
I 1.7 7.1 5.3 -6.5 -7.9 -8.1
2009 ANNUAL 2.0 -10.8 -12.6 5.2 5.6 3.1
2009 IV 8.1 7.2 -0.8 4.4 1.6 -3.5
III 16.9 10.9 -5.1 3.3 -0.4 -11.6
II 6.2 -8.5 -13.8 6.5 4.6 0.3
I -1.8 -20.9 -19.4 4.0 6.3 5.9
2008 ANNUAL -0.3 -4.4 -4.0 4.0 0.1 4.3
2008 IV -2.5 -18.3 -16.1 7.0 17.9 9.8
III -1.4 -10.3 -9.0 6.3 -0.1 7.8
II -6.5 -7.7 -1.4 3.4 -1.7 10.5
I -0.7 -2.6 -2.0 2.2 -2.4 2.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 ANNUAL 6.0 6.6 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -4.5
2010 IV 3.6 6.4 2.7 0.5 -0.7 -3.0
III 4.2 r 7.3 r 3.0 0.9 r -0.3 -3.1 r
II 7.9 8.8 r 0.8 1.4 -0.4 -6.1
I 8.1 3.9 -3.9 1.8 -0.6 -5.8
2009 ANNUAL 2.0 -10.8 -12.6 5.2 5.6 3.1
2009 IV 7.1 -3.7 -10.1 4.5 3.0 -2.4
III 4.4 -10.0 -13.8 5.2 6.9 0.8
II 0.1 -14.6 -14.7 5.9 7.0 5.9
I -3.1 -14.5 -11.8 5.2 5.3 8.5
2008 ANNUAL -0.3 -4.4 -4.0 4.0 0.1 4.3
2008 IV -2.8 -9.9 -7.3 4.7 3.1 7.7
III -1.2 -5.4 -4.3 5.1 -0.2 6.4
II 0.0 -2.6 -2.7 3.8 -0.5 3.8
I 2.6 0.6 -2.0 2.5 -1.7 -0.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 ANNUAL 113.1 94.5 83.5 116.6 104.4 103.0
2010 IV 114.9 96.3 83.8 117.7 104.7 102.4
III 113.3 r 95.4 r 84.2 116.9 r 104.7 r 103.2 r
II 112.9 r 94.3 r 83.5 116.5 104.7 103.2 r
I 111.4 92.1 82.7 115.2 103.3 103.4
2009 ANNUAL 106.8 88.7 83.0 115.2 104.9 107.9
2009 IV 110.9 90.5 81.6 117.1 105.4 105.6
III 108.8 88.9 81.8 115.9 105.0 106.5
II 104.6 86.7 82.8 114.9 105.1 109.9
I 103.1 88.6 86.0 113.1 103.9 109.8
2008 ANNUAL 104.7 99.4 95.0 109.5 99.3 104.6
2008 IV 103.5 93.9 90.7 112.0 102.4 108.2
III 104.2 98.8 94.8 110.1 98.2 105.7
II 104.6 101.5 97.1 108.5 98.3 103.8
I 106.3 103.6 97.4 107.6 98.7 101.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 ANNUAL 8.2 8.8 0.6 1.8 0.2 -5.8
2010 IV 6.0 4.1 -1.7 2.9 0.3 -2.9
III 0.1 r 6.7 r 6.6 r 0.7 r -0.8 r 0.6 r
II 11.9 15.4 3.1 8.6 9.4 -2.9
I 2.4 9.3 6.8 -7.8 -9.2 -10.0
2009 ANNUAL -0.2 -15.3 -15.1 5.8 6.2 6.0
2009 IV 8.7 8.0 -0.7 5.3 2.5 -3.1
III 25.8 17.2 -6.8 2.9 -0.8 -18.2
II 5.3 -14.3 -18.6 11.6 9.6 6.0
I -7.5 -28.8 -23.0 2.1 4.4 10.4
2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.7 -4.2 3.5 -0.3 5.2
2008 IV -10.5 -24.7 -15.9 6.6 17.4 19.1
III 1.3 -11.5 -12.7 7.3 0.9 5.9
II -10.1 -10.8 -0.8 3.8 -1.2 15.5
I -3.6 -3.5 0.1 -0.3 -4.8 3.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 ANNUAL 8.2 8.8 0.6 1.8 0.2 -5.8
2010 IV 5.0 8.8 3.6 0.9 -0.3 -3.9
III 5.7 r 9.8 r 3.9 1.5 0.3 -3.9 r
II 11.9 12.4 0.5 2.1 0.3 -8.8
I 10.2 4.3 -5.3 2.7 0.3 -6.7
2009 ANNUAL -0.2 -15.3 -15.1 5.8 6.2 6.0
2009 IV 7.4 -6.3 -12.7 5.4 3.9 -1.9
III 2.3 -14.3 -16.3 5.7 7.5 3.3
II -3.1 -20.2 -17.6 6.8 7.9 10.2
I -6.8 -19.4 -13.5 4.9 5.1 12.6
2008 ANNUAL -1.6 -5.7 -4.2 3.5 -0.3 5.2
2008 IV -5.9 -13.0 -7.6 4.3 2.7 10.8
III -1.8 -6.8 -5.1 4.9 -0.4 6.8
II -1.4 -3.9 -2.5 3.5 -0.7 5.0
I 2.9 1.0 -1.9 1.6 -2.5 -1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 ANNUAL 114.5 92.7 81.0 118.3 105.9 103.3
2010 IV 116.6 95.0 81.5 119.7 106.5 102.7
III 114.9 r 94.1 r 81.9 r 118.8 r 106.4 r 103.4 r
II 114.9 r 92.6 r 80.6 118.6 106.6 103.3 r
I 111.7 89.3 80.0 116.2 104.2 104.0
2009 ANNUAL 105.9 85.3 80.5 116.2 105.8 109.7
2009 IV 111.1 87.4 78.7 118.6 106.8 106.8
III 108.8 85.7 78.8 117.1 106.1 107.6
II 102.7 82.4 80.2 116.2 106.3 113.2
I 101.4 85.6 84.4 113.1 103.9 111.5
2008 ANNUAL 106.1 100.6 94.8 109.9 99.6 103.5
2008 IV 103.4 93.2 90.2 112.5 102.8 108.8
III 106.3 100.0 94.1 110.7 98.7 104.2
II 105.9 103.2 97.4 108.8 98.5 102.7
I 108.8 106.2 97.6 107.8 98.8 99.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 ANNUAL 3.5 4.1 0.6 0.0 -1.7 -3.4
2010 IV 5.8 3.2 -2.4 2.5 -0.1 -3.1
III 4.2 r 3.1 r -1.0 r 2.2 r 0.7 r -1.9 r
II -1.3 r 4.0 r 5.3 -1.7 -1.0 -0.4 r
I 1.6 4.8 3.1 -4.4 -5.8 -5.9
2009 ANNUAL 3.0 -5.5 -8.3 4.8 5.2 1.7
2009 IV 7.5 6.3 -1.2 2.7 0.0 -4.5
III 6.7 4.3 -2.2 4.5 0.8 -2.0
II 4.1 -1.5 -5.4 -1.1 -2.8 -5.0
I 2.5 -10.7 -12.9 8.4 10.8 5.7
2008 ANNUAL 0.4 -3.3 -3.7 4.9 1.0 4.4
2008 IV 7.8 -10.0 -16.6 7.8 18.7 0.0
III -7.1 -9.2 -2.3 5.2 -1.1 13.2
II -2.4 -4.6 -2.3 2.3 -2.7 4.8
I 3.0 -2.7 -5.5 6.9 2.1 3.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 ANNUAL 3.5 4.1 0.6 0.0 -1.7 -3.4
2010 IV 2.5 3.8 1.2 -0.4 -1.6 -2.9
III 3.0 r 4.5 r 1.5 -0.3 -1.5 -3.2 r
II 3.6 r 4.8 1.2 0.2 -1.5 -3.2
I 5.0 3.4 -1.5 0.4 -2.0 -4.4
2009 ANNUAL 3.0 -5.5 -8.3 4.8 5.2 1.7
2009 IV 5.2 -0.6 -5.5 3.6 2.0 -1.6
III 5.3 -4.7 -9.4 4.8 6.5 -0.4
II 1.7 -7.9 -9.5 5.0 6.0 3.2
I 0.1 -8.7 -8.7 5.9 6.1 5.8
2008 ANNUAL 0.4 -3.3 -3.7 4.9 1.0 4.4
2008 IV 0.2 -6.7 -6.9 5.5 3.9 5.3
III -1.7 -4.4 -2.8 5.7 0.4 7.5
II 1.2 -1.8 -3.0 4.3 0.0 3.0
I 1.9 -0.3 -2.2 4.1 -0.1 2.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 ANNUAL 109.4 96.3 88.0 114.1 102.2 104.3
2010 IV 111.1 97.4 87.7 114.8 102.2 103.4
III 109.5 r 96.7 r 88.3 r 114.1 r 102.2 r 104.2 r
II 108.4 r 95.9 r 88.5 113.5 102.0 104.7 r
I 108.7 95.0 87.4 114.0 102.2 104.8
2009 ANNUAL 105.7 92.4 87.4 114.1 103.9 108.0
2009 IV 108.3 93.9 86.7 115.3 103.8 106.4
III 106.3 92.5 86.9 114.5 103.8 107.7
II 104.6 91.5 87.4 113.3 103.6 108.2
I 103.6 91.8 88.7 113.6 104.3 109.6
2008 ANNUAL 102.6 97.8 95.4 108.9 98.7 106.1
2008 IV 102.9 94.5 91.8 111.3 101.7 108.1
III 101.0 97.0 96.0 109.2 97.4 108.1
II 102.9 99.4 96.6 107.9 97.7 104.8
I 103.5 100.5 97.1 107.2 98.4 103.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2010 III -3.5 r -1.4 r 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.8 r 6.0 r 3.1 r 5.2 r 1.6 r 4.7 r
II 0.1 4.4 4.3 2.1 2.8 2.0 -3.4 0.4 19.6 2.6
I 8.7 r 10.9 r 2.1 -0.9 -2.3 -8.8 r -8.5 r -8.7 r 64.4 r -2.2 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.8 r -5.8 r -7.5 2.2 2.6 0.4 r 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 0.6 r
2009 IV 12.8 r 13.2 r 0.3 1.4 -1.3 -10.2 r -8.4 r -9.6 r 37.8 r -5.6 r
III 5.9 r 0.1 r -5.4 4.2 0.5 -1.5 r -8.3 r -3.6 r 20.5 r -1.5 r
II 4.3 r -5.0 r -8.9 6.9 5.1 2.5 r -3.4 r 0.7 r -22.0 r -1.7 r
I -4.2 r -14.7 r -11.0 -3.5 -1.4 0.7 r 7.8 r 2.8 r -5.2 r 1.9 r
2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 r -1.7 3.5 -0.3 3.2 r 6.3 r 4.1 r -12.2 r 2.1 r
2008 IV 1.0 r -7.5 r -8.4 3.0 13.5 2.0 r 10.4 r 4.4 r -36.9 r -1.1 r
III 4.3 r -1.3 r -5.3 4.5 -1.8 0.2 r 3.9 r 1.3 r 89.7 r 8.2 r
II -1.6 r -3.6 r -2.1 1.9 -3.1 3.5 r 8.5 r 4.9 r -6.2 r 3.7 r
I -3.1 r -3.4 r -0.4 2.8 -1.8 6.1 r 6.4 r 6.2 r -32.9 r 1.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2010 III 4.3 r 6.6 r 2.2 1.2 0.0 -3.0 r -4.4 r -3.4 r 28.8 r -0.2 r
II 6.8 r 7.1 r 0.3 1.7 -0.1 -4.8 r -7.2 r -5.5 r 34.5 r -1.7 r
I 7.9 r 4.5 r -3.1 2.9 0.4 -4.6 r -7.1 r -5.4 r 20.8 r -2.8 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.8 r -5.8 r -7.5 2.2 2.6 0.4 r 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 0.6 r
2009 IV 4.5 r -2.1 r -6.3 2.2 0.7 -2.2 r -3.3 r -2.5 r 5.3 r -1.8 r
III 1.7 r -6.9 r -8.4 2.6 4.3 0.9 r 1.3 r 1.0 r -13.4 r -0.6 r
II 1.3 r -7.2 r -8.4 2.6 3.7 1.3 r 4.6 r 2.3 r -3.0 r 1.8 r
I -0.2 r -6.9 r -6.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 r 7.6 r 3.3 r 1.6 r 3.1 r
2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 r -1.7 3.5 -0.3 3.2 r 6.3 r 4.1 r -12.2 r 2.1 r
2008 IV 0.1 r -4.0 r -4.1 3.0 1.5 2.9 r 7.3 r 4.2 r -6.8 r 2.9 r
III 1.8 r -0.3 r -2.0 4.0 -1.2 2.2 r 4.6 r 2.9 r 2.7 r 2.9 r
II -0.5 r -1.3 r -0.8 3.5 -0.7 4.0 r 7.0 r 4.9 r -22.2 r 1.4 r
I -0.2 r -0.2 r 0.0 3.5 -0.7 3.7 r 6.3 r 4.4 r -20.1 r 1.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 III 108.7 r 102.8 r 94.6 r 114.9 r 102.9 r 105.7 r 112.6 r 107.6 r 108.4 r 107.7 r
II 109.7 r 103.2 r 94.0 114.2 102.7 104.1 r 111.8 r 106.3 r 108.0 r 106.5 r
I 109.7 r 102.0 r 93.1 113.7 102.0 103.6 r 112.7 r 106.2 r 103.3 r 105.8 r
2009 ANNUAL 104.0 r 97.4 r 93.7 112.5 102.4 108.2 r 118.7 r 111.1 r 85.3 r 107.9 r
2009 IV 107.4 r 99.4 r 92.6 113.9 102.5 106.0 r 115.3 r 108.6 r 91.2 r 106.4 r
III 104.2 r 96.4 r 92.5 113.5 102.9 108.9 r 117.8 r 111.4 r 84.2 r 107.9 r
II 102.7 r 96.4 r 93.8 112.3 102.8 109.3 r 120.4 r 112.4 r 80.3 r 108.4 r
I 101.7 r 97.6 r 96.0 110.5 101.5 108.7 r 121.4 r 112.2 r 85.5 r 108.8 r
2008 ANNUAL 102.1 r 103.5 r 101.3 110.1 99.8 107.8 r 115.8 r 110.0 r 87.7 r 107.2 r
2008 IV 102.8 r 101.6 r 98.8 111.5 101.9 108.5 r 119.2 r 111.4 r 86.6 r 108.3 r
III 102.5 r 103.5 r 101.0 110.6 98.7 108.0 r 116.2 r 110.3 r 97.2 r 108.6 r
II 101.4 r 103.9 r 102.4 109.4 99.1 107.9 r 115.1 r 109.9 r 82.8 r 106.5 r
I 101.8 r 104.8 r 103.0 108.9 99.9 107.0 r 112.8 r 108.6 r 84.1 r 105.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as
more complete information becomes available. The measures are first
published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions
appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.
In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a
quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the
initial value by between -1.7 and +1.5 index points approximately 95
percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this
measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of 2010.
Footnotes, Tables 1-6
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2009 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published
in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience.
Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual average indexes
to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2009 104.0 r 97.4 r 93.7 112.5 102.4 108.2 r 118.7 r 111.1 r 85.3 r 107.9 r
2008 102.1 r 103.5 r 101.3 110.1 99.8 107.8 r 115.8 r 110.0 r 87.7 r 107.2 r
2007 101.8 r 105.0 r 103.1 106.4 100.2 104.5 r 109.0 r 105.7 r 99.8 r 105.0 r
2006 101.5 r 103.8 r 102.3 102.8 99.6 101.3 r 103.0 r 101.8 r 111.6 r 103.0 r
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2004 98.3 r 96.5 r 98.2 96.9 100.2 98.6 r 95.7 r 97.8 r 88.0 r 96.6 r
2003 95.3 r 92.3 r 96.9 94.7 100.6 99.5 r 96.8 r 98.7 r 66.0 r 94.6 r
2002 91.7 r 90.1 r 98.3 90.7 98.4 98.9 r 97.0 r 98.4 r 59.4 r 93.5 r
2001 88.3 r 89.5 r 101.4 88.3 97.4 100.0 r 96.7 r 99.1 r 51.8 r 93.1 r
2000 87.6 r 91.2 r 104.1 85.5 97.0 97.6 r 91.1 r 95.8 r 64.3 r 91.8 r
1999 84.2 r 86.6 r 102.8 79.6 93.3 94.6 r 88.1 r 92.8 r 77.3 r 90.8 r
1998 81.6 r 82.0 r 100.5 76.3 91.2 93.5 r 85.7 r 91.3 r 83.1 r 90.3 r
1997 78.9 r 77.6 r 98.4 72.0 87.3 91.2 r 85.3 r 89.6 r 94.7 r 90.2 r
1996 76.9 r 72.9 r 94.8 69.8 86.5 90.8 r 85.4 r 89.3 r 92.5 r 89.7 r
1995 74.2 r 69.0 r 93.1 67.8 86.3 91.5 r 85.8 r 89.9 r 85.4 r 89.3 r
1994 73.4 r 66.0 r 89.9 66.7 86.8 90.8 r 85.5 r 89.3 r 82.4 r 88.4 r
1993 71.9 r 62.0 r 86.2 65.5 87.1 91.0 r 85.1 r 89.4 r 70.3 r 87.0 r
1992 71.8 r 60.4 r 84.2 64.3 87.7 89.6 r 85.8 r 88.6 r 61.4 r 85.1 r
1991 70.0 r 58.7 r 83.8 61.4 85.8 87.6 r 87.9 r 87.7 r 58.0 r 83.9 r
1990 68.3 r 59.0 r 86.3 58.4 84.6 85.6 r 83.5 r 85.0 r 58.9 r 81.7 r
1989 67.6 r 58.1 r 86.0 55.8 84.8 82.5 r 80.0 r 81.8 r 61.2 r 79.2 r
1988 68.5 r 57.1 r 83.4 54.4 86.3 79.4 r 75.1 r 78.2 r 66.8 r 76.8 r
1987 66.8 r 54.0 r 80.8 52.2 85.8 78.1 r 74.2 r 77.0 r 60.3 r 74.9 r
1986 65.5 r 51.4 r 78.4 50.5 85.9 77.1 r 74.9 r 76.5 r 53.6 r 73.6 r
1985 64.2 r 50.1 r 78.1 48.2 83.3 75.0 r 71.5 r 74.1 r 62.4 r 72.6 r
1984 62.9 r 48.1 r 76.4 46.1 82.5 73.2 r 69.6 r 72.2 r 65.2 r 71.3 r
1983 61.5 r 44.2 r 71.8 44.2 82.4 71.9 r 70.3 r 71.5 r 54.3 r 69.3 r
1982 59.5 r 42.1 r 70.8 42.7 82.9 71.7 r 70.2 r 71.3 r 44.7 r 67.9 r
1981 59.3 r 43.1 r 72.7 40.0 82.5 67.5 r 63.3 r 66.3 r 48.5 r 64.1 r
1980 57.9 r 41.5 r 71.7 36.7 82.9 63.5 r 55.6 r 61.3 r 40.7 r 58.7 r
1979 58.1 r 41.9 r 72.2 33.4 83.7 57.5 r 47.5 r 54.7 r 45.4 r 53.5 r
1978 58.6 r 40.6 r 69.4 30.6 84.1 52.3 r 43.6 r 49.9 r 48.4 r 49.7 r
1977 57.8 r 38.2 r 66.0 28.0 82.3 48.5 r 41.5 r 46.5 r 46.6 r 46.6 r
1976 56.3 r 35.5 r 63.1 26.0 81.2 46.1 r 40.0 r 44.4 r 42.7 r 44.2 r
1975 54.5 r 32.8 r 60.3 24.0 79.4 44.1 r 40.3 r 43.0 r 37.8 r 42.4 r
1974 52.4 r 33.3 r 63.5 21.9 78.9 41.7 r 35.4 r 39.9 r 29.1 r 38.6 r
1973 53.5 r 33.9 r 63.3 20.0 80.1 37.3 r 30.8 r 35.5 r 32.9 r 35.2 r
1972 53.0 r 31.9 r 60.2 18.5 79.0 35.0 r 29.3 r 33.4 r 32.5 r 33.3 r
1971 51.9 r 29.6 r 57.1 17.6 77.4 33.9 r 29.3 r 32.6 r 30.0 r 32.3 r
1970 49.8 r 28.5 r 57.2 16.6 76.0 33.3 r 28.0 r 31.8 r 26.5 r 31.1 r
1969 49.4 r 28.7 r 58.0 15.5 75.1 31.3 r 24.8 r 29.5 r 32.5 r 29.9 r
1968 49.4 r 27.6 r 55.9 14.5 74.1 29.4 r 23.0 r 27.6 r 35.9 r 28.6 r
1967 47.6 r 25.9 r 54.4 13.5 71.8 28.3 r 21.7 r 26.4 r 36.0 r 27.6 r
1966 46.9 r 25.2 r 53.8 12.8 70.1 27.2 r 20.4 r 25.3 r 38.5 r 27.0 r
1965 46.0 r 23.5 r 51.1 12.1 68.3 26.2 r 20.3 r 24.6 r 38.7 r 26.4 r
1964 44.9 r 21.7 r 48.3 11.7 67.4 26.1 r 20.5 r 24.6 r 36.0 r 26.0 r
1963 44.2 r 20.3 r 45.9 11.5 67.0 26.0 r 20.5 r 24.5 r 34.7 r 25.8 r
1962 42.7 r 19.1 r 44.8 11.2 65.9 26.2 r 20.6 r 24.6 r 32.8 r 25.7 r
1961 40.9 r 17.6 r 43.1 10.8 64.1 26.3 r 21.0 r 24.8 r 30.4 r 25.5 r
1960 39.6 r 17.2 r 43.5 10.4 62.7 26.3 r 20.6 r 24.7 r 30.3 r 25.4 r
1959 38.9 r 16.7 r 42.9 10.0 61.3 25.7 r 20.1 r 24.2 r 32.9 r 25.3 r
1958 37.1 r 15.0 r 40.4 9.7 59.5 26.0 r 21.0 r 24.6 r 28.3 r 25.1 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. February 3, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
