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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print

Productivity and Costs News Release



Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until       USDL 13-0192
8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, February 7, 2013

Technical information: (202) 691-5606    dprweb@bls.gov  www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact          (202) 691-5902    PressOffice@bls.gov


                                PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
                Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2012, Preliminary
                
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased at a 2.0 percent annual 
rate during the fourth quarter of 2012, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The decrease in productivity reflects increases of 0.1 percent
in output and 2.2 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in
this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the fourth quarter of
2011 to the fourth quarter of 2012, productivity increased 0.6 percent as
output and hours worked rose 2.4 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively.
(See table A.) Annual average productivity increased 1.0 percent from 2011 to
2012. (See table C.)

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of
real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including employees,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers. 

Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 4.5 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2012, the combined effect of the 2.0 percent decrease in 
productivity and a 2.4 percent increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor
costs rose 1.9 percent over the last four quarters. (See table A.) 

BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor 
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.

Manufacturing sector productivity increased 0.5 percent in the fourth quarter
of 2012, as output increased 0.7 percent and hours increased 0.1 percent. 
Productivity increased 1.6 percent in the durable goods sector and decreased
0.5 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four quarters, 
manufacturing productivity increased 1.3 percent, as output increased 2.8 
percent and hours worked rose 1.5 percent. Unit labor costs in manufacturing
increased 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012 and increased 3.4 percent
from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.) 

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing and nonfinancial
corporate output series differ from those used in the business and nonfarm
business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. 

Table C presents annual averages for the most recent five years for the
nonfarm business sector and the total manufacturing sector. Nonfarm 
business sector productivity grew 1.0 percent in 2012, as output and hours
increased 2.9 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. In the manufacturing
sector, productivity grew 2.0 percent, reflecting a 4.4 percent increase in
output combined with a 2.4 percent increase in hours. Unit labor costs 
increased 0.7 percent in the nonfarm business sector and 0.4 percent in the
manufacturing sector in 2012.


Revised measures

Revised and previous measures for the third quarter of 2012 are shown in 
tables B and D and cover the following major sectors: nonfarm business,
business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporations.

In the third quarter of 2012, nonfarm business productivity was revised to a 
3.2 percent increase, as an upward revision to output was greater than an 
upward revision to hours. (See table B.) Unit labor costs for the nonfarm 
business sector fell 2.3 percent in the third quarter, more than previously
reported. 

In the manufacturing sector, productivity declined 0.9 percent in the third 
quarter of 2012--a slightly larger decline than previously reported--after a
small upward revision to hours growth in the quarter. 

In the nonfinancial corporate sector, productivity declined 4.7 percent in 
third-quarter 2012, a greater decline than previously reported. As a result of
the downward revision to productivity, unit labor costs rose more than the 
preliminary estimate. (See table D.) 

Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2010 to 2012 appear in tables
1-6. Full historical measures can be found on the productivity and costs home
page at http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. 



------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data in this release do not reflect the annual benchmark revision of the BLS
Current Employment Statistics program data released February 1, 2013. This 
benchmark revision will be incorporated in our next release on March 7, 2013.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------



______________

The revised Productivity and Costs press release for the fourth quarter 2012 
is scheduled to be released on Thursday, March 7, 2013 at 8:30 a.m. (EST).




=======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary fourth-quarter 2012 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)

Sector                    Nonfarm                                        Durable         Nondurable
                          Business         Business      Manufacturing   Manufacturing   Manufacturing
                       Q to Q   Y to Y  Q to Q  Y to Y  Q to Q  Y to Y  Q to Q  Y to Y  Q to Q  Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Productivity            -2.0      0.6    -1.9     0.5     0.5     1.3     1.6     3.6     -0.5    -1.3
Output                   0.1      2.4     0.0     2.2     0.7     2.8     1.8     5.2     -0.6     0.1
Hours                    2.2      1.8     1.9     1.7     0.1     1.5     0.3     1.5     -0.2     1.4
Hourly 
 compensation            2.4      2.6     2.7     2.6     1.0     4.7     0.9     5.8      1.2     2.6
Real hourly
 compensation            0.3      0.7     0.6     0.7    -1.1     2.7    -1.2     3.8     -0.8     0.7
Unit labor  
 costs                   4.5      1.9     4.6     2.1     0.4     3.4    -0.7     2.1      1.7     4.0
=======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: third quarter 2012

Sector            Nonfarm                                             Durable           Nondurable
                  Business         Business         Manufacturing     Manufacturing     Manufacturing
              Revised Previous  Revised Previous  Revised Previous  Revised Previous  Revised Previous
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        Percent change, annual rate
Productivity     3.2     2.9       2.9     2.5      -0.9     -0.7      -1.5     -1.6     -0.5      0.2
Output           4.7     4.2       4.2     3.6      -0.7     -0.7      -1.9     -1.9      0.8      0.7
Hours            1.5     1.3       1.3     1.1       0.2      0.0      -0.4     -0.3      1.3      0.4
Hourly  
 compensation    0.8     0.9       0.9     1.0       2.3      2.4       2.2      2.0      2.5      3.3
Real hourly 
 compensation   -1.5    -1.4      -1.3    -1.3       0.0      0.1      -0.1     -0.3      0.1      0.9
Unit labor  
 costs          -2.3    -1.9      -1.9    -1.5       3.2      3.2       3.8      3.7      3.0      3.0
=======================================================================================================
Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures: 2008-2012

Sector                            Nonfarm Business                         Manufacturing
                        2008    2009    2010    2011    2012  |  2008    2009    2010    2011     2012
--------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------
                                                              |  
Productivity            0.6      2.9     3.1     0.7     1.0  |  -0.6      0.1     6.4     2.5     2.0
Output                 -1.5     -4.5     3.1     2.6     2.9  |  -4.5    -12.9     6.4     4.8     4.4
Hours                  -2.1     -7.2     0.0     1.9     1.9  |  -4.0    -13.0     0.0     2.2     2.4
Hourly                                                        |
 compensation           3.4      1.4     2.0     2.7     1.7  |   4.3      4.1     1.1     2.6     2.4
Real hourly                                                   |
 compensation          -0.4      1.8     0.4    -0.5    -0.4  |   0.4      4.5    -0.5    -0.5     0.3
Unit labor                                                    |
 costs                  2.8     -1.5    -1.0     2.0     0.7  |   4.9      4.0    -5.0     0.1     0.4
=======================================================================================================
Table D.  Nonfinancial corporations: revised and previous third-quarter 2012 productivity and cost
measures
        
                                                        Real 
                                           Hourly       hourly        Unit                    Implicit
             Produc-                       compen-      compen-       labor       Unit        price
             tivity    Output     Hours    sation       sation        costs       profits     deflator
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                 
                                Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2012
                                
Revised      -4.7       -3.8       0.9       1.5         -0.7           6.5         -1.3           5.2
Previous     -4.0       -3.4       0.6       1.7         -0.6           5.9          3.1           5.4
======================================================================================================= 


 



                        
                        TECHNICAL NOTES
                        
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures 
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary 
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source 
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics 
(CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs 
held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also 
provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory 
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours 
at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS 
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier 
years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly 
hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information 
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
     Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and 
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government 
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and 
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) 
of the Department of Commerce.
     The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or 
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS 
features measures of employment that count each person only once and 
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at 
all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS 
also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at 
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures 
use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all 
hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours 
data from the CES.

Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index 
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the 
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private 
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions 
also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 
percent of the value of GDP in 2011. Nonfarm business, which excludes 
farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2011.
     Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods 
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of 
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the 
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program 
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual 
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing 
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared 
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted 
to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output 
prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: 
wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; 
primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; 
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; 
electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment 
manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and 
miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; 
beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product 
mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing; 
paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum 
and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and 
rubber products manufacturing.
     Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index 
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from 
production.  The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP: 
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; 
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of 
bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in 
the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for 
about 49 percent of the value of GDP in 2011.
     
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship 
between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They 
show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services 
produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work 
of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific 
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, 
they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in 
technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, 
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; 
and the characteristics and effort of the work force.

Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, 
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. 
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of 
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of 
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private 
households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to 
derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor 
compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be 
estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly 
compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor 
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation 
for unpaid family workers.  
      
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release 
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity, 
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary 
pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit 
labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases 
and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented 
in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a 
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of 
the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data 
are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the 
previous year.  
        The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity 
and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent 
changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index 
numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the 
BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division 
of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email 
DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
      
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired 
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service 
number: 1-800-877-8339.





Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
                                                          Real
             Output                            Compen-    compen-               Unit       Implicit
 Year        per hour               Hours      sation     sation      Unit      nonlabor   price
 and         of all                 of all     per hour   per hour    labor     payments   deflator
 quarter     persons     Output     persons      (1)        (2)       costs       (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL    0.9         2.8        1.9        1.7       -0.4        0.8        3.4        1.9  

2012 IV       -1.9         0.0        1.9        2.7        0.6        4.6       -5.9        0.0  
     III       2.9 r       4.2 r      1.3 r      0.9 r     -1.3       -1.9 r     10.2 r      3.1 r
     II        1.7         1.9        0.2        1.3        0.6       -0.4        4.2        1.5  
     I        -0.6         2.7        3.3        5.6        3.1        6.3       -4.2        1.7  

2011 ANNUAL    0.4         2.4        1.9        2.6       -0.5        2.2        2.3        2.2  

2011 IV        2.9         5.4        2.5       -0.6       -1.9       -3.4        4.5       -0.1  
     III       0.5         1.7        1.2       -0.3       -3.4       -0.8        9.7        3.5  
     II        1.1         2.9        1.8        0.2       -4.0       -0.9        8.8        3.0  
     I        -2.5        -0.5        2.1        8.9        4.1       11.7      -10.4        1.9  

2010 ANNUAL    3.0         3.0        0.0        2.0        0.3       -1.0        5.3        1.5  

2010 IV        1.5         3.4        1.9        0.3       -2.6       -1.1        7.5        2.4  
     III       3.2         4.7        1.4        2.0        0.6       -1.1        5.8        1.7  
     II       -0.6         2.9        3.5        2.5        2.8        3.1       -0.1        1.8  
     I         2.2         3.1        0.9        1.1        0.2       -1.1        4.9        1.4  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL    0.9         2.8        1.9        1.7       -0.4        0.8        3.4        1.9  

2012 IV        0.5         2.2        1.7        2.6        0.7        2.1        0.9        1.6  
     III       1.7 r       3.6 r      1.8        1.8        0.1        0.1 r      3.5        1.5 r
     II        1.1         2.9        1.8        1.5       -0.4        0.4        3.4        1.6  
     I         0.9         3.2        2.2        1.2       -1.6        0.2        4.6        2.0  

2011 ANNUAL    0.4         2.4        1.9        2.6       -0.5        2.2        2.3        2.2  

2011 IV        0.5         2.4        1.9        2.0       -1.3        1.5        2.8        2.1  
     III       0.1         1.9        1.8        2.2       -1.5        2.1        3.6        2.7  
     II        0.8         2.6        1.8        2.8       -0.5        2.0        2.6        2.3  
     I         0.4         2.6        2.2        3.4        1.2        3.0        0.5        1.9  

2010 ANNUAL    3.0         3.0        0.0        2.0        0.3       -1.0        5.3        1.5  

2010 IV        1.5         3.5        1.9        1.5        0.2       -0.1        4.5        1.8  
     III       2.4         3.9        1.4        1.6        0.4       -0.8        5.1        1.6  
     II        3.1         2.9       -0.2        1.7       -0.1       -1.4        5.9        1.5  
     I         5.0         1.6       -3.2        2.6        0.3       -2.2        6.2        1.1  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL  111.0       107.5       96.9      120.4      102.4      108.5      122.7      114.1  

2012 IV      111.3       108.4       97.4      121.2      102.3      109.0      122.9      114.5  
     III     111.8 r     108.4 r     96.9 r    120.4 r    102.2 r    107.7 r    124.8 r    114.5 r
     II      111.0       107.3       96.6      120.2      102.5      108.3      121.8      113.6  
     I       110.5       106.7       96.6      119.8      102.4      108.4      120.5      113.2  

2011 ANNUAL  110.0       104.6       95.1      118.4      102.8      107.7      118.7      112.0  

2011 IV      110.7       106.0       95.8      118.1      101.6      106.7      121.8      112.7  
     III     109.9       104.6       95.2      118.3      102.1      107.6      120.5      112.7  
     II      109.8       104.2       94.9      118.4      103.0      107.9      117.7      111.8  
     I       109.5       103.5       94.5      118.4      104.0      108.1      115.3      110.9  

2010 ANNUAL  109.5       102.2       93.3      115.4      103.3      105.4      116.0      109.6  

2010 IV      110.2       103.6       94.0      115.9      103.0      105.1      118.5      110.4  
     III     109.8       102.7       93.5      115.8      103.7      105.4      116.4      109.8  
     II      108.9       101.5       93.2      115.2      103.5      105.7      114.7      109.3  
     I       109.1       100.8       92.4      114.5      102.8      104.9      114.8      108.8  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics





Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
                                                          Real
             Output                            Compen-    compen-               Unit       Implicit
 Year        per hour               Hours      sation     sation      Unit      nonlabor   price
 and         of all                 of all     per hour   per hour    labor     payments   deflator
 quarter     persons     Output     persons      (1)        (2)       costs       (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL    1.0         2.9        1.9        1.7       -0.4        0.7        3.5        1.9  

2012 IV       -2.0         0.1        2.2        2.4        0.3        4.5       -6.7       -0.4  
     III       3.2 r       4.7 r      1.5 r      0.8 r     -1.5 r     -2.3 r      9.9 r      2.7 r
     II        1.9         2.1        0.2        1.3        0.6       -0.5        4.7        1.6  
     I        -0.5         2.7        3.2        5.8        3.3        6.4       -4.0        1.9  

2011 ANNUAL    0.7         2.6        1.9        2.7       -0.5        2.0        1.8        1.9  

2011 IV        2.8         5.3        2.4       -0.7       -1.9       -3.3        5.0        0.1  
     III       0.6         1.6        1.0        0.0       -3.1       -0.6        9.5        3.5  
     II        1.2         3.4        2.2       -0.2       -4.4       -1.3        9.0        2.8  
     I        -2.0        -0.1        1.9        9.1        4.4       11.3      -11.6        1.2  

2010 ANNUAL    3.1         3.1        0.0        2.0        0.4       -1.0        4.9        1.4  

2010 IV        1.9         3.9        1.9        0.5       -2.4       -1.4        6.5        1.8  
     III       3.3         5.1        1.7        1.8        0.4       -1.4        5.5        1.4  
     II       -0.5         2.8        3.3        2.7        3.1        3.3       -0.2        1.8  
     I         2.7         3.3        0.6        1.4        0.5       -1.3        4.9        1.2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL    1.0         2.9        1.9        1.7       -0.4        0.7        3.5        1.9  

2012 IV        0.6         2.4        1.8        2.6        0.7        1.9        0.8        1.4  
     III       1.8 r       3.7 r      1.8        1.8        0.1        0.0 r      3.8 r      1.6  
     II        1.2         2.9        1.7        1.6       -0.3        0.4        3.7        1.8  
     I         1.0         3.2        2.2        1.2       -1.6        0.2        4.7        2.1  

2011 ANNUAL    0.7         2.6        1.9        2.7       -0.5        2.0        1.8        1.9  

2011 IV        0.6         2.5        1.9        2.0       -1.3        1.4        2.6        1.9  
     III       0.4         2.2        1.7        2.3       -1.4        1.9        3.0        2.3  
     II        1.1         3.0        1.9        2.7       -0.6        1.6        2.0        1.8  
     I         0.7         2.9        2.2        3.5        1.3        2.8       -0.2        1.6  

2010 ANNUAL    3.1         3.1        0.0        2.0        0.4       -1.0        4.9        1.4  

2010 IV        1.8         3.7        1.9        1.6        0.4       -0.2        4.2        1.6  
     III       2.6         4.1        1.5        1.7        0.5       -0.9        4.7        1.4  
     II        3.0         2.9       -0.2        1.7        0.0       -1.3        5.7        1.5  
     I         4.9         1.5       -3.2        2.7        0.4       -2.1        5.8        1.0  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL  111.2       107.8       96.9      120.6      102.5      108.4      122.0      113.8  

2012 IV      111.6       108.7       97.4      121.3      102.4      108.8      122.0      114.0  
     III     112.1 r     108.7 r     96.9 r    120.6 r    102.4 r    107.6 r    124.2 r    114.1 r
     II      111.3       107.4       96.6      120.4      102.7      108.2      121.3      113.3  
     I       110.7       106.9       96.5      120.0      102.6      108.3      119.9      112.9  

2011 ANNUAL  110.2       104.7       95.1      118.6      102.9      107.6      117.9      111.7  

2011 IV      110.9       106.2       95.8      118.3      101.8      106.7      121.1      112.4  
     III     110.1       104.8       95.2      118.5      102.3      107.6      119.6      112.3  
     II      110.0       104.4       94.9      118.5      103.1      107.7      117.0      111.4  
     I       109.7       103.5       94.4      118.5      104.2      108.1      114.5      110.6  

2010 ANNUAL  109.4       102.0       93.3      115.5      103.4      105.6      115.8      109.6  

2010 IV      110.2       103.6       94.0      116.0      103.1      105.2      118.0      110.3  
     III     109.7       102.6       93.5      115.9      103.7      105.6      116.2      109.8  
     II      108.8       101.3       93.1      115.3      103.6      106.0      114.6      109.4  
     I       108.9       100.7       92.4      114.6      102.9      105.2      114.7      108.9  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics





Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
                                                                              Real
                 Output                                        Compen-        compen-
 Year            per hour                      Hours           sation         sation         Unit
 and             of all                        of all          per hour       per hour       labor
 quarter         persons        Output         persons           (1)            (2)          costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL        2.0            4.4            2.4            2.4            0.3            0.4  

2012 IV            0.5            0.7            0.1            1.0           -1.1            0.4  
     III          -0.9 r         -0.7            0.2 r          2.3 r          0.0 r          3.2  
     II            0.0 r          1.3 r          1.3            9.0            8.1            9.0  
     I             5.5           10.2            4.4            6.7            4.2            1.1  

2011 ANNUAL        2.5            4.8            2.2            2.6           -0.5            0.1  

2011 IV            0.7            5.5            4.8           -6.0           -7.2           -6.6  
     III           5.5            5.2           -0.3            0.5           -2.6           -4.8  
     II           -1.9            0.7            2.7           -2.3           -6.4           -0.4  
     I             3.0            6.8            3.7           10.7            5.9            7.5  

2010 ANNUAL        6.4            6.4            0.0            1.1           -0.5           -5.0  

2010 IV            3.9            3.1           -0.8            2.3           -0.7           -1.5  
     III           1.5            5.5            4.0            1.2           -0.2           -0.3  
     II            8.2           11.8            3.3            4.4            4.7           -3.6  
     I             4.8            7.8            2.9           -4.4           -5.3           -8.8  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL        2.0            4.4            2.4            2.4            0.3            0.4  

2012 IV            1.3            2.8            1.5            4.7            2.7            3.4  
     III           1.3            4.0            2.7 r          2.8 r          1.1            1.5  
     II            2.9            5.5            2.5            2.4            0.5           -0.5  
     I             2.4            5.3            2.9           -0.4           -3.1           -2.7  

2011 ANNUAL        2.5            4.8            2.2            2.6           -0.5            0.1  

2011 IV            1.8            4.5            2.7            0.5           -2.7           -1.2  
     III           2.6            3.9            1.3            2.7           -1.0            0.1  
     II            1.6            4.0            2.4            2.9           -0.4            1.3  
     I             4.1            6.8            2.5            4.6            2.4            0.4  

2010 ANNUAL        6.4            6.4            0.0            1.1           -0.5           -5.0  

2010 IV            4.6            7.0            2.3            0.8           -0.4           -3.6  
     III           5.3            7.9            2.4            0.9           -0.3           -4.1  
     II            8.0            8.3            0.2            0.9           -0.9           -6.6  
     I             7.7            2.5           -4.8            1.8           -0.5           -5.5  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL      116.1          100.5           86.6          121.5          103.3          104.7  

2012 IV          116.0          100.6           86.7          122.7          103.6          105.7  
     III         115.9 r        100.4 r         86.7 r        122.4 r        103.8 r        105.6 r
     II          116.1 r        100.6 r         86.6          121.7          103.8          104.8 r
     I           116.2          100.3           86.3          119.1          101.8          102.5  

2011 ANNUAL      113.8           96.3           84.6          118.6          103.0          104.2  

2011 IV          114.6           97.9           85.4          117.2          100.8          102.3  
     III         114.4           96.6           84.4          119.0          102.7          104.0  
     II          112.9           95.4           84.5          118.9          103.4          105.3  
     I           113.4           95.2           83.9          119.6          105.1          105.4  

2010 ANNUAL      111.1           91.9           82.7          115.6          103.5          104.1  

2010 IV          112.6           93.7           83.2          116.6          103.6          103.5  
     III         111.5           93.0           83.3          115.9          103.8          103.9  
     II          111.1           91.7           82.5          115.6          103.8          104.0  
     I           108.9           89.2           81.9          114.3          102.6          104.9  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics





Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
                                                                              Real
                 Output                                        Compen-        compen-
 Year            per hour                      Hours           sation         sation         Unit
 and             of all                        of all          per hour       per hour       labor
 quarter         persons        Output         persons           (1)            (2)          costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL        4.4            7.5            3.0            2.9            0.8           -1.5  

2012 IV            1.6            1.8            0.3            0.9           -1.2           -0.7  
     III          -1.5 r         -1.9           -0.4 r          2.2 r         -0.1 r          3.8 r
     II            3.9            5.4            1.5           12.2           11.3            8.0  
     I            10.9           16.3            4.8            8.2            5.6           -2.5  

2011 ANNUAL        3.8            7.8            3.9            2.9           -0.2           -0.8  

2011 IV            1.7            9.2            7.5           -8.0           -9.1           -9.5  
     III           8.3            7.3           -0.9            1.5           -1.6           -6.3  
     II           -2.9            1.6            4.6           -3.6           -7.7           -0.7  
     I             4.2           11.1            6.6           13.4            8.5            8.9  

2010 ANNUAL       10.6           10.5           -0.1            1.0           -0.6           -8.7  

2010 IV            4.4            5.0            0.5            2.3           -0.7           -2.1  
     III           2.6            9.6            6.8           -1.0           -2.4           -3.5  
     II           18.0           20.7            2.3            7.9            8.3           -8.6  
     I            10.3           14.3            3.6           -7.0           -7.8          -15.7  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL        4.4            7.5            3.0            2.9            0.8           -1.5  

2012 IV            3.6            5.2            1.5            5.8            3.8            2.1  
     III           3.6            7.0 r          3.3            3.4 r          1.6           -0.3  
     II            6.1            9.5            3.2            3.2            1.2           -2.8  
     I             4.4            8.5            3.9           -0.7           -3.4           -4.8  

2011 ANNUAL        3.8            7.8            3.9            2.9           -0.2           -0.8  

2011 IV            2.7            7.2            4.4            0.5           -2.7           -2.2  
     III           3.4            6.2            2.6            3.2           -0.5           -0.2  
     II            2.0            6.7            4.6            2.6           -0.7            0.5  
     I             7.1           11.4            4.0            5.5            3.3           -1.5  

2010 ANNUAL       10.6           10.5           -0.1            1.0           -0.6           -8.7  

2010 IV            8.7           12.2            3.3            0.4           -0.8           -7.6  
     III           9.8           13.3            3.2            0.7           -0.6           -8.4  
     II           13.9           13.7           -0.2            1.0           -0.7          -11.3  
     I             9.9            2.9           -6.4            2.0           -0.4           -7.3  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL      119.8          102.6           85.7          123.1          104.6          102.7  

2012 IV          120.2          103.0           85.7          124.5          105.1          103.6  
     III         119.7 r        102.6 r         85.7 r        124.2 r        105.4 r        103.7 r
     II          120.2 r        103.1 r         85.8          123.5          105.4          102.8 r
     I           119.0          101.7           85.5          120.0          102.6          100.8  

2011 ANNUAL      114.7           95.4           83.2          119.6          103.8          104.3  

2011 IV          116.0           98.0           84.5          117.7          101.2          101.5  
     III         115.5           95.8           83.0          120.2          103.7          104.0  
     II          113.2           94.2           83.2          119.7          104.1          105.7  
     I           114.1           93.8           82.2          120.8          106.2          105.9  

2010 ANNUAL      110.5           88.5           80.1          116.2          104.0          105.1  

2010 IV          112.9           91.4           80.9          117.1          104.1          103.7  
     III         111.7           90.3           80.8          116.4          104.3          104.3  
     II          111.0           88.2           79.5          116.7          104.9          105.2  
     I           106.5           84.2           79.0          114.5          102.8          107.6  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics





Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
                                                                              Real
                 Output                                        Compen-        compen-
 Year            per hour                      Hours           sation         sation         Unit
 and             of all                        of all          per hour       per hour       labor
 quarter         persons        Output         persons           (1)            (2)          costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 ANNUAL       -0.5            0.9            1.4            1.2           -0.8            1.7  

2012 IV           -0.5           -0.6           -0.2            1.2           -0.8            1.7  
     III          -0.5 r          0.8 r          1.3 r          2.5 r          0.1 r          3.0  
     II           -4.2 r         -3.4            0.9            3.0            2.2            7.5 r
     I             0.0            3.7            3.7            3.9            1.4            3.9  

2011 ANNUAL        2.3            1.9           -0.4            1.8           -1.3           -0.5  

2011 IV            1.0            1.5            0.5           -2.7           -3.9           -3.6  
     III           2.1            2.9            0.7           -1.2           -4.2           -3.3  
     II            0.2           -0.2           -0.4           -0.1           -4.4           -0.3  
     I             3.1            2.2           -0.8            5.2            0.6            2.1  

2010 ANNUAL        3.0            3.2            0.2            1.3           -0.3           -1.6  

2010 IV            4.6            1.7           -2.8            2.1           -0.9           -2.4  
     III           2.8            2.4           -0.4            4.8            3.3            2.0  
     II           -0.2            4.7            4.9           -1.4           -1.0           -1.2  
     I             1.8            3.7            1.9            0.1           -0.8           -1.7  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 ANNUAL       -0.5            0.9            1.4            1.2           -0.8            1.7  

2012 IV           -1.3            0.1            1.4            2.6            0.7            4.0  
     III          -1.0 r          0.6            1.6 r          1.6 r         -0.1 r          2.6 r
     II           -0.3            1.1            1.5            0.7           -1.2            1.0 r
     I             0.8            2.0            1.1           -0.1           -2.8           -0.9  

2011 ANNUAL        2.3            1.9           -0.4            1.8           -1.3           -0.5  

2011 IV            1.6            1.6            0.0            0.3           -3.0           -1.3  
     III           2.5            1.6           -0.9            1.5           -2.2           -1.0  
     II            2.7            1.5           -1.1            3.0           -0.4            0.3  
     I             2.6            2.8            0.2            2.6            0.5            0.1  

2010 ANNUAL        3.0            3.2            0.2            1.3           -0.3           -1.6  

2010 IV            2.3            3.1            0.9            1.4            0.1           -0.9  
     III           2.5            3.8            1.3            1.3            0.0           -1.2  
     II            2.9            3.8            0.9            0.7           -1.1           -2.2  
     I             4.2            2.0           -2.1            1.8           -0.5           -2.3  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2005=100

2012 ANNUAL      109.7           96.7           88.2          118.7          100.9          108.2  

2012 IV          109.2           96.4           88.3          119.5          100.9          109.5  
     III         109.3 r         96.6 r         88.4 r        119.2 r        101.1 r        109.0 r
     II          109.5 r         96.4 r         88.1          118.5          101.1          108.2 r
     I           110.7           97.2           87.9          117.6          100.5          106.3  

2011 ANNUAL      110.2           95.8           86.9          117.3          101.8          106.4  

2011 IV          110.7           96.4           87.1          116.5          100.2          105.3  
     III         110.4           96.0           87.0          117.3          101.2          106.2  
     II          109.8           95.3           86.8          117.6          102.3          107.1  
     I           109.8           95.4           86.9          117.7          103.4          107.2  

2010 ANNUAL      107.7           94.0           87.3          115.2          103.1          107.0  

2010 IV          108.9           94.9           87.1          116.2          103.3          106.7  
     III         107.7           94.5           87.7          115.6          103.5          107.3  
     II          107.0           93.9           87.8          114.2          102.7          106.8  
     I           107.0           92.8           86.7          114.6          102.9          107.1  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                   February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics





Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
                                                     Real               Unit
              Output                       Hourly    hourly             non-      Total   Unit   Implicit
 Year         per all-                     compen-   compen-   Unit     labor     unit    pro-   price
 and          employee          Employee   sation    sation    labor    costs     cost    fits   deflator
 quarter      hour     Output   hours       (1)       (2)      costs     (6)      (7)     (8)      (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)

2012 III      -4.7 r    -3.8 r    0.9 r     1.5 r    -0.7 r     6.5 r    5.7 r    6.3 r   -1.3 r    5.2 r
     II        1.6       2.1      0.5       2.8       2.0       1.2     -2.1      0.2      8.5      1.4  
     I         1.6       5.1      3.4       6.0       3.5       4.3     -2.1      2.4     -2.1      1.7  

2011 ANNUAL    0.9       3.6      2.6       2.5      -0.6       1.6      2.2      1.8      6.0      2.3  

2011 IV        3.9       6.2      2.2      -0.8      -2.1      -4.5     -2.7     -4.0      6.2     -2.6  
     III      -3.5      -1.5      2.0       0.0      -3.0       3.6      7.1      4.6      2.8      4.4  
     II        3.8       7.1      3.1      -0.4      -4.6      -4.1     -2.2     -3.5     50.3      2.3  
     I         4.0       6.7      2.6       9.6       4.8       5.3      2.6      4.5    -14.7      1.8  

2010 ANNUAL    5.3       5.5      0.2       1.7       0.0      -3.4     -3.8     -3.5     31.6      0.0  

2010 IV       -3.9      -1.7      2.3      -0.5      -3.4       3.5      7.5      4.7     -8.4      2.8  
     III       2.1       4.8      2.6       2.5       1.0       0.3     -0.9      0.0     28.3      3.3  
     II       -1.8       2.2      4.0       1.6       1.9       3.4     -0.4      2.3     -1.8      1.7  
     I         8.6      10.1      1.3       0.2      -0.7      -7.8     -6.5     -7.4     61.2     -0.9  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2012 III       0.6 r     2.3 r    1.7       2.4       0.6 r     1.8 r   -0.4      1.1 r    2.7 r    1.4  
     II        0.9       2.9      2.0       2.0       0.1       1.1      0.0      0.8      3.8      1.2  
     I         1.4       4.1      2.7       1.2      -1.6      -0.3      0.0     -0.2     12.6      1.4  

2011 ANNUAL    0.9       3.6      2.6       2.5      -0.6       1.6      2.2      1.8      6.0      2.3  

2011 IV        2.0       4.5      2.5       2.0      -1.3       0.0      1.1      0.3      8.8      1.4  
     III       0.1       2.6      2.5       2.1      -1.6       2.0      3.7      2.5      4.8      2.8  
     II        1.5       4.2      2.7       2.7      -0.6       1.2      1.7      1.4     10.8      2.6  
     I         0.1       3.0      2.9       3.2       1.0       3.1      2.2      2.9     -0.4      2.4  

2010 ANNUAL    5.3       5.5      0.2       1.7       0.0      -3.4     -3.8     -3.5     31.6      0.0  

2010 IV        1.2       3.8      2.6       0.9      -0.3      -0.2     -0.2     -0.2     16.8      1.7  
     III       5.2       7.2      1.9       1.4       0.2      -3.6     -3.4     -3.5     38.7      0.6  
     II        6.4       6.4      0.0       1.4      -0.3      -4.7     -5.3     -4.9     40.2     -0.8  
     I         8.6       4.7     -3.6       2.9       0.6      -5.2     -6.1     -5.5     34.2     -1.7  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Indexes 2005=100

2012 III     110.0 r   106.9 r   97.2 r   121.0 r   102.6 r   109.9 r  118.6 r  112.3 r  126.9 r  114.2 r
     II      111.3     107.9     96.9     120.5     102.8     108.2    116.9    110.6    127.3    112.7  
     I       110.9     107.4     96.8     119.7     102.3     107.9    117.6    110.6    124.7    112.4  

2011 ANNUAL  109.9     104.6     95.2     118.1     102.5     107.5    117.9    110.4    120.7    111.7  

2011 IV      110.5     106.1     96.0     117.9     101.4     106.8    118.2    109.9    125.4    111.9  
     III     109.4     104.5     95.5     118.2     102.0     108.0    119.0    111.1    123.5    112.6  
     II      110.4     104.9     95.0     118.2     102.8     107.1    117.0    109.8    122.7    111.4  
     I       109.3     103.1     94.3     118.3     104.0     108.2    117.6    110.8    110.8    110.8  

2010 ANNUAL  108.9     101.1     92.8     115.3     103.2     105.8    115.4    108.5    113.8    109.2  

2010 IV      108.3     101.5     93.7     115.6     102.8     106.8    116.9    109.6    115.3    110.3  
     III     109.4     101.9     93.2     115.8     103.7     105.9    114.8    108.3    117.8    109.5  
     II      108.8     100.7     92.6     115.0     103.4     105.8    115.0    108.3    110.7    108.6  
     I       109.3     100.2     91.7     114.6     102.9     104.9    115.1    107.7    111.2    108.2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                         February 7, 2013
r=revised                                                              Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the 
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. 
Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and 
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more 
complete information becomes available.  The measures are first published 
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 
days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.  In the 
business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly 
index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial 
value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of 
the time.  This interval is based on the performance of this measure 
between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of 2012.


      			Table Footnotes
      
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for 
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial 
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an 
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index 
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2011 is based on
the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed 
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and 
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income 
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is 
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes 
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for 
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual 
indexes to three decimal places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on 
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous 
payments, and business current transfer payments.

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory 
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.



Last Modified Date: February 07, 2013