Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 23-0398
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 2, 2023
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2022, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 1.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output increased 3.1 percent and hours worked
increased 1.4 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
This 1.7-percent increase in labor productivity for the fourth quarter of 2022 is 1.3 percentage points
below the preliminary estimate of a 3.0-percent increase. From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm
business sector labor productivity decreased 1.8 percent, reflecting a 0.7-percent increase in output and a
2.6-percent increase in hours worked. (See table A1.) Annual average productivity decreased 1.7 percent
from 2021 to 2022. This is the largest annual decline in the measure since 1974, when productivity also
decreased 1.7 percent. (See table C1.)
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 3.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 4.9-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 1.7-percent increase in productivity. Unit
labor costs increased 6.3 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.)
=========================================================================================================================
Historical Revisions to Productivity and Costs Data
Data in this release incorporate the annual benchmark revision of BLS Current Employment Statistics
program data on employment and hours of employees on nonfarm payrolls. Data also include revisions
to employment and hours of all other business sector workers that reflect updated seasonal adjustment of
those data by the BLS Major Sector Productivity program. See Revised measures.
=========================================================================================================================
BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in
hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them.
Real hourly compensation, which takes into account consumer prices, increased 0.7 percent in the fourth
quarter, and declined 2.4 percent over the last four quarters.
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of
hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The fourth
quarter of 2022 is the second consecutive quarter in which both output and labor productivity increased,
following decreases in the first two quarters of the year. Labor productivity has grown at an annualized
rate of 1.4 percent since the last business cycle peak in the fourth quarter of 2019--the last quarter before
the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing recession--reflecting a 2.1-percent rate of growth in output and a
0.7-percent rate of growth in hours worked over that three-year period.
Manufacturing sector labor productivity decreased 2.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022, as output
decreased 3.0 percent and hours worked decreased 0.4 percent. In the durable manufacturing sector,
productivity decreased 3.1 percent, with a 3.5-percent decrease in output and a 0.4-percent decrease in
hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity decreased 2.2 percent, as output decreased
2.5 percent and hours worked decreased 0.3 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity decreased
1.9 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)
Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector increased 7.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 4.8-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 2.7-percent decrease in productivity.
Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 6.3 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1
and 3.)
Labor productivity in the manufacturing sector has grown at an annualized rate of 0.6 percent since the
fourth quarter of 2019, reflecting a 0.8-percent rate of growth in output and a 0.2-percent rate of growth
in hours worked.
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Revised measures
Third quarter, fourth quarter, and annual average data for 2022 were revised to incorporate regular
updates of source data on output and compensation published by the Department of Commerce on
February 23, 2023. Quarterly measures of real hourly compensation in 2022 were revised to reflect
updates to seasonally adjusted data from the BLS Consumer Price Index program released on February
14.
Quarterly and annual measures of hours worked, productivity, and related series were revised
historically for all major sectors. From 2018 to 2022, the revisions reflect incorporation of revised BLS
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program data for employment and hours of employees on nonfarm
payrolls. Notable revisions in those data reflect upward revisions due to both the benchmarking of CES
employment to the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages in March 2022--which is wedged in
over the prior 12 months--and the incorporation of actual business births and deaths during this period.
From 1990 to 2022, revisions reflect reconstruction of employment for two industries by CES based on a
correction to the coding of some establishments within these two industries. Revisions to employment
and hours worked by all workers from 2018 to 2022 also reflect revised seasonal adjustment of hours
worked by nonfarm proprietors and unpaid family workers, all farm workers, and employees of
government enterprises. These measures, based on source data from the BLS Current Population Survey
(CPS), are seasonally adjusted by the BLS Major Sector Productivity program. Because hours worked
were revised for the index base year of 2012, all measures incorporating hours worked--including
productivity--were subject to revision back to 1947.
Revised and previous measures for the fourth quarter of 2022 are shown in table B1 for the business,
nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors. In the fourth quarter of 2022, nonfarm business
productivity increased 1.7 percent--a 1.3-percentage point downward revision from the preliminary
estimate of a 3.0-percent increase. This reflects a 0.4-percentage point downward revision to output and
a 0.9-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs increased 3.2 percent rather
than increasing 1.1 percent as previously reported, reflecting a 1.3-percentage point downward revision
to productivity and a 0.8-percentage point upward revision to hourly compensation.
Manufacturing productivity decreased 2.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022 rather than decreasing
1.5 percent as reported on February 2. This reflects a 0.4-percentage point downward revision to output
and a 0.7-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. A 1.6-percentage point upward revision to
hourly compensation and the 1.2-percentage point downward revision to productivity both contributed
to an upward revision to unit labor costs, which increased 7.7 percent rather than 4.8 percent as
previously reported. Productivity was revised down by 1.4 percentage points and 0.8 percentage point in
the durable and nondurable manufacturing sectors, respectively. (See table B1.)
In the third quarter of 2022, nonfarm business productivity was revised down to an increase of 1.2
percent due to an upward revision in hours worked; output was not revised. Unit labor costs increased
6.9 percent rather than 2.0 percent as previously reported, reflecting a 4.8-percentage point upward
revision to hourly compensation and the 0.2-percentage point downward revision to productivity. Total
manufacturing sector productivity was revised down by 0.4 percentage point as durable manufacturing
productivity was revised up by 0.3 percentage point and nondurable manufacturing productivity was
revised down by 1.5 percentage points. In the total manufacturing sector, unit labor costs were revised
up by 5.6 percentage points to an increase of 12.1 percent, reflecting upward revisions to unit labor costs
in both the durable and nondurable manufacturing sectors. (See table B2.)
Nonfinancial corporate sector productivity increased 0.6 percent in the third quarter of 2022 rather
than decreasing 1.6 percent as previously reported, primarily reflecting a 2.4-percentage point upward
revision to output. Unit labor costs were revised up by 1.8 percentage points to an increase of 7.1
percent. (See table A2.)
Annual averages
Table C1 presents annual average changes for the most recent 5 years for the nonfarm business sector
and the total manufacturing sector. Nonfarm business sector productivity decreased 1.7 percent in
2022, as the 4.0-percent increase in hours worked outpaced the 2.3-percent increase in output. The 1.7-
percent decrease in labor productivity in 2022 is the largest annual decrease in the measure since 1974
when the measure decreased by the same amount. These are also the largest declines in the annual
series, which begins in 1948.
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 6.5 percent in 2022, reflecting an increase of
4.7 percent in hourly compensation and a decrease of 1.7 percent in productivity. This is the largest
annual increase in unit labor costs since 1982, when the measure increased 8.2 percent. Real hourly
compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, decreased 2.8 percent in 2022. This
is the largest annual decline in real hourly compensation since the series began in 1948.
In the manufacturing sector, productivity decreased 1.0 percent in 2022, as an increase in output of 3.1
percent was outpaced by an increase in hours worked of 4.2 percent. The annual increase of 4.2 percent
in hours worked is the largest increase in the series, which begins in 1988.
Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 5.2 percent in 2022, with hourly compensation increasing 4.1
percent. Real hourly compensation in the manufacturing sector decreased 3.3 percent in 2022, the largest
decline since the series began in 1988.
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors from 2020 to 2022 appear in tables 1-6. Full historical
measures can be found on the Productivity and Costs website: www.bls.gov/productivity/tables.
______________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for first-quarter 2023 is scheduled to be
released on Thursday, May 4, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
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Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised fourth-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter 1.7 3.1 1.4 4.9 0.7 3.2
A year ago -1.8 0.7 2.6 4.4 -2.4 6.3
Business Previous quarter 2.0 3.0 1.0 5.3 1.1 3.3
A year ago -1.8 0.6 2.5 4.5 -2.3 6.4
Manufacturing Previous quarter -2.7 -3.0 -0.4 4.8 0.6 7.7
A Year ago -1.9 0.7 2.7 4.3 -2.4 6.3
Durable Previous quarter -3.1 -3.5 -0.4 4.0 -0.1 7.4
manufacturing A year ago -1.9 1.9 3.9 3.7 -3.0 5.8
Nondurable Previous quarter -2.2 -2.5 -0.3 6.2 2.0 8.6
manufacturing A year ago -1.1 -0.5 0.6 5.1 -1.7 6.3
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=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published third-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Revised 0.6 4.3 3.6 7.7 2.1 7.1
corporate Previously published -1.6 1.9 3.5 3.6 -2.0 5.3
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Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published fourth-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 1.7 3.1 1.4 4.9 0.7 3.2
Previously published 3.0 3.5 0.5 4.1 1.0 1.1
Business Revised 2.0 3.0 1.0 5.3 1.1 3.3
Previously published 3.2 3.3 0.1 4.5 1.4 1.3
Manufacturing Revised -2.7 -3.0 -0.4 4.8 0.6 7.7
Previously published -1.5 -2.6 -1.1 3.2 0.1 4.8
Durable Revised -3.1 -3.5 -0.4 4.0 -0.1 7.4
manufacturing Previously published -1.7 -2.9 -1.2 2.4 -0.8 4.1
Nondurable Revised -2.2 -2.5 -0.3 6.2 2.0 8.6
manufacturing Previously published -1.4 -2.3 -0.9 5.0 1.8 6.5
=========================================================================================================================
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Table B2. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published third-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm Business Revised 1.2 3.6 2.4 8.2 2.5 6.9
Previously published 1.4 3.6 2.3 3.4 -2.2 2.0
Business Revised 1.0 3.5 2.5 8.0 2.3 7.0
Previously published 1.1 3.5 2.4 3.2 -2.3 2.0
Manufacturing Revised -3.9 -0.8 3.2 7.7 2.0 12.1
Previously published -3.5 -0.2 3.5 2.7 -2.8 6.5
Durable Revised -4.7 0.9 5.9 7.7 2.0 13.0
manufacturing Previously published -5.0 1.7 7.0 2.2 -3.3 7.5
Nondurable Revised -1.6 -2.6 -1.1 7.1 1.4 8.8
manufacturing Previously published -0.1 -2.1 -2.1 2.9 -2.7 2.9
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Table C1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – annual average changes: 2018-2022
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Year productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business 2022 -1.7 2.3 4.0 4.7 -2.8 6.5
2021 2.2 7.8 5.5 4.7 0.0 2.4
2020 4.5 -3.5 -7.6 8.1 6.8 3.5
2019 2.0 2.7 0.7 3.8 2.0 1.8
2018 1.4 3.5 2.0 3.4 0.9 1.9
Manufacturing 2022 -1.0 3.1 4.2 4.1 -3.3 5.2
2021 2.6 5.8 3.2 2.7 -1.9 0.1
2020 0.9 -6.6 -7.4 7.0 5.7 6.1
2019 -2.4 -2.3 0.2 2.4 0.5 4.9
2018 0.2 2.0 1.8 2.3 -0.1 2.1
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TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all
persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family
workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by and
hours paid to wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is
employed by two or more establishments at each place of employment. As of the February 3,
2023 Employment Situation release, the CES program has updated the national nonfarm payroll
series to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The BLS Major
Sector Productivity program will be remaining on a NAICS 2017 basis for the time being by
converting NAICS 2022 data from CES back to a NAICS 2017 basis using ratios published on
the CES website and based on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Hours
of paid time off are removed from hours paid using data from the National Compensation Survey
(NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this
purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 and 1995, hours of paid time off are removed using a
combination of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. Off-the-clock hours are added, yielding
hours worked, using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours
worked to the appropriate industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from
the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and
Subsectors” on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/total-economy-hours-
employment.xlsx).
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from
gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions,
and households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in
labor hours worked. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of the value of GDP in
2021. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 76 percent of GDP in
2021.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are
constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of
the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS
Producer Price Index program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using
annual weights, and intrasectoral transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output
measures are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of
manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of
the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the
following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies,
offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial
corporations accounted for about 51 percent of the value of GDP in 2021.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its
production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the
amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the
characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to
employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in
general government, nonprofit institutions and households are subtracted from compensation of
employees in domestic industries to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The
labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is
done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same
sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of
compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers.
Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset
compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the
previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual
data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are
rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these
index numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting
the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methodology see the Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/msp/home.htm.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added
Hourly hourly Unit output
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 ANNUAL -1.6 r 2.2 3.9 r 4.9 r -2.6 r 6.6 r 8.4 r 7.4 r
2022 IV 2.0 r 3.0 r 1.0 r 5.3 r 1.1 r 3.3 r 3.4 r 3.3 r
III 1.0 r 3.5 2.5 r 8.0 r 2.3 r 7.0 r -0.1 r 3.8
II -3.5 r -1.4 2.2 r 3.0 r -6.1 r 6.7 r 15.4 r 10.4
I -6.3 r -2.4 4.1 r 1.7 r -6.2 r 8.5 r 8.6 r 8.5
2021 ANNUAL 2.2 r 7.7 5.4 r 4.8 r 0.1 r 2.6 8.3 4.9
2021 IV 3.0 r 9.0 5.8 r 6.9 r -0.9 r 3.8 12.1 r 7.3
III -2.7 r 2.6 5.4 r 6.4 r -0.3 r 9.3 r 2.9 r 6.5
II 2.5 r 8.7 6.0 r 7.2 r -0.8 r 4.6 11.1 r 7.3
I 3.3 r 8.1 4.6 r -0.7 r -4.6 r -3.9 r 22.4 r 6.3
2020 ANNUAL 4.4 r -3.4 -7.5 r 8.0 6.7 3.5 -3.7 r 0.4
2020 IV -4.2 r 5.3 9.8 r 9.2 r 6.9 r 14.0 r -11.7 r 2.4
III 7.5 r 47.1 36.9 r -5.5 r -9.8 r -12.1 r 33.6 r 4.6
II 16.0 r -35.1 -44.0 r 24.9 29.2 7.7 r -19.7 r -4.5
I -0.1 r -6.3 -6.2 r 10.1 r 8.7 r 10.2 r -11.7 r 0.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 ANNUAL -1.6 r 2.2 3.9 r 4.9 r -2.6 r 6.6 r 8.4 r 7.4 r
2022 IV -1.8 r 0.6 r 2.5 r 4.5 r -2.3 r 6.4 r 6.7 r 6.5 r
III -1.5 r 2.1 3.7 r 4.9 r -2.8 r 6.5 r 8.8 r 7.5
II -2.4 r 1.8 4.4 r 4.5 r -3.4 r 7.1 9.7 r 8.2
I -0.9 r 4.4 5.3 r 5.5 r -2.1 r 6.5 r 8.6 r 7.4
2021 ANNUAL 2.2 r 7.7 5.4 r 4.8 r 0.1 r 2.6 8.3 4.9
2021 IV 1.5 r 7.1 5.5 r 4.9 r -1.7 r 3.3 11.9 6.8
III -0.3 6.1 6.5 r 5.4 r 0.2 5.8 5.4 5.6
II 2.2 r 16.1 13.6 r 2.4 r -2.3 r 0.2 12.5 5.1
I 5.4 r 2.1 -3.1 r 6.4 4.4 0.9 r 3.8 r 2.1
2020 ANNUAL 4.4 r -3.4 -7.5 r 8.0 6.7 3.5 -3.7 r 0.4
2020 IV 4.5 r -1.5 -5.7 r 9.2 7.9 4.4 r -4.4 0.6
III 6.2 r -2.3 -8.1 r 8.5 r 7.1 r 2.1 -2.1 0.3
II 4.8 -10.4 -14.5 10.0 r 9.5 r 5.0 -8.0 -0.7
I 1.6 r 0.5 -1.1 r 4.2 r 2.0 2.5 r -0.7 r 1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 ANNUAL 113.2 r 128.8 r 113.7 r 143.2 r 112.5 r 126.5 r 122.3 r 124.6 r
2022 IV 113.4 r 129.9 r 114.5 r 146.1 r 112.5 r 128.8 r 124.2 r 126.8 r
III 112.9 r 129.0 114.3 r 144.2 r 112.2 r 127.8 r 123.1 r 125.7
II 112.6 r 127.9 113.5 r 141.5 r 111.6 r 125.6 r 123.2 r 124.5
I 113.6 r 128.3 112.9 r 140.4 r 113.3 r 123.6 r 118.8 r 121.5
2021 ANNUAL 115.1 r 126.0 109.5 r 136.6 r 115.5 r 118.7 r 112.9 r 116.1
2021 IV 115.5 r 129.1 111.8 r 139.9 r 115.2 r 121.1 r 116.4 r 119.0
III 114.6 r 126.4 110.2 r 137.5 r 115.4 r 120.0 r 113.1 r 117.0
II 115.4 r 125.5 108.8 r 135.4 r 115.5 r 117.3 r 112.3 r 115.1
I 114.7 r 123.0 107.2 r 133.1 r 115.8 r 116.0 r 109.4 r 113.1
2020 ANNUAL 112.7 r 117.0 103.9 r 130.3 r 115.4 r 115.7 r 104.2 r 110.6
2020 IV 113.8 r 120.6 106.0 r 133.3 r 117.1 r 117.2 r 104.0 r 111.4
III 115.0 r 119.0 103.5 r 130.4 r 115.2 r 113.4 r 107.3 r 110.8
II 112.9 r 108.1 95.7 r 132.3 r 118.2 r 117.1 r 99.8 r 109.5
I 108.8 r 120.4 110.7 r 125.1 r 110.9 r 115.0 r 105.5 r 110.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added
Hourly hourly Unit output
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 ANNUAL -1.7 r 2.3 4.0 r 4.7 r -2.8 r 6.5 r 7.5 r 6.9
2022 IV 1.7 r 3.1 r 1.4 r 4.9 r 0.7 r 3.2 r 3.3 r 3.2 r
III 1.2 r 3.6 2.4 r 8.2 r 2.5 r 6.9 r -0.2 r 3.8
II -3.8 r -1.2 2.6 r 2.6 r -6.4 r 6.6 r 14.0 r 9.7
I -6.1 r -2.5 3.9 r 1.9 r -6.0 r 8.5 6.4 7.6
2021 ANNUAL 2.2 r 7.8 5.5 r 4.7 r 0.0 r 2.4 7.7 4.6
2021 IV 3.0 r 9.1 6.0 r 6.7 r -1.1 r 3.7 r 12.8 r 7.5
III -3.0 r 2.7 5.9 r 5.9 r -0.8 r 9.1 r 2.5 r 6.3
II 2.4 r 8.9 6.4 r 6.9 r -1.1 r 4.4 r 8.7 r 6.2
I 3.4 r 8.5 4.9 r -0.9 r -4.8 r -4.2 22.7 r 6.2
2020 ANNUAL 4.5 r -3.5 -7.6 8.1 6.8 3.5 r -3.7 r 0.4
2020 IV -3.5 r 5.3 9.2 r 10.0 r 7.6 r 14.0 r -12.8 r 1.9
III 6.5 r 47.2 38.2 r -6.4 r -10.6 r -12.1 r 32.7 r 4.2
II 17.3 r -35.0 -44.6 r 25.7 r 30.0 r 7.2 r -18.0 r -3.9
I -0.5 r -6.7 -6.2 r 10.2 r 8.8 r 10.8 r -12.2 r 0.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 ANNUAL -1.7 r 2.3 4.0 r 4.7 r -2.8 r 6.5 r 7.5 r 6.9
2022 IV -1.8 r 0.7 r 2.6 r 4.4 r -2.4 r 6.3 r 5.7 r 6.0
III -1.5 r 2.2 3.7 r 4.8 r -2.8 r 6.4 r 8.1 r 7.1
II -2.5 r 1.9 4.6 r 4.3 r -3.6 r 7.0 8.8 7.8
I -1.0 r 4.5 5.5 r 5.3 r -2.3 r 6.4 r 7.5 6.9
2021 ANNUAL 2.2 r 7.8 5.5 r 4.7 r 0.0 r 2.4 7.7 4.6
2021 IV 1.4 r 7.3 5.8 r 4.6 r -1.9 r 3.2 11.4 6.5
III -0.2 6.3 6.6 r 5.4 r 0.1 r 5.6 r 4.5 5.1
II 2.1 r 16.3 13.9 r 2.2 r -2.4 0.1 11.4 4.6
I 5.6 r 2.2 -3.2 r 6.4 4.5 0.7 r 3.9 r 2.0
2020 ANNUAL 4.5 r -3.5 -7.6 8.1 6.8 3.5 r -3.7 r 0.4
2020 IV 4.6 r -1.5 -5.9 9.3 8.0 4.5 -4.5 0.6
III 6.2 r -2.4 -8.0 r 8.4 r 7.1 r 2.1 -2.0 0.3
II 5.1 -10.4 -14.8 10.3 9.8 4.9 -7.8 -0.6
I 1.6 r 0.5 -1.2 r 4.3 r 2.1 r 2.6 r -0.9 r 1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 ANNUAL 113.1 r 128.9 r 113.9 r 143.2 r 112.5 r 126.6 r 121.8 r 124.5 r
2022 IV 113.3 r 130.1 r 114.9 r 146.0 r 112.4 r 128.9 r 123.4 r 126.5 r
III 112.8 r 129.1 114.5 r 144.3 r 112.2 r 127.9 r 122.5 r 125.5
II 112.5 r 128.0 113.8 r 141.5 r 111.5 r 125.8 r 122.5 r 124.4
I 113.5 r 128.4 113.1 r 140.6 r 113.4 r 123.8 r 118.6 r 121.5
2021 ANNUAL 115.0 r 126.0 109.5 r 136.8 r 115.7 r 118.9 r 113.3 r 116.4
2021 IV 115.3 r 129.2 112.0 r 139.9 r 115.2 r 121.3 r 116.8 r 119.3
III 114.5 r 126.4 110.4 r 137.6 r 115.5 r 120.2 r 113.3 r 117.2
II 115.4 r 125.5 108.8 r 135.7 r 115.7 r 117.6 r 112.6 r 115.4
I 114.7 r 122.9 107.1 r 133.4 r 116.1 r 116.3 r 110.3 r 113.7
2020 ANNUAL 112.5 r 116.9 103.8 r 130.6 r 115.7 r 116.1 r 105.2 r 111.3
2020 IV 113.7 r 120.4 105.9 r 133.7 r 117.5 r 117.6 r 104.8 r 112.0
III 114.8 r 118.9 103.6 r 130.6 r 115.3 r 113.8 r 108.5 r 111.5
II 113.0 r 107.9 95.5 r 132.8 r 118.6 r 117.5 r 101.0 r 110.3
I 108.6 r 120.2 110.7 r 125.4 r 111.1 r 115.5 r 106.2 r 111.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 ANNUAL -1.0 r 3.1 r 4.2 4.1 r -3.3 r 5.2 r
2022 IV -2.7 r -3.0 r -0.4 r 4.8 r 0.6 r 7.7 r
III -3.9 r -0.8 r 3.2 r 7.7 r 2.0 r 12.1 r
II 2.5 r 3.3 0.7 3.5 -5.7 r 0.9
I -3.3 3.7 7.2 r 1.4 -6.5 r 4.9
2021 ANNUAL 2.6 r 5.8 3.2 r 2.7 -1.9 r 0.1
2021 IV -1.2 r 5.9 7.2 r 8.2 r 0.2 r 9.5
III -1.4 r 3.8 5.2 r -1.4 r -7.6 r 0.0
II 5.1 5.7 0.6 6.6 -1.4 1.4
I 1.3 r 2.6 1.3 r -1.0 r -4.9 r -2.3
2020 ANNUAL 0.9 r -6.6 -7.4 7.0 5.7 6.1
2020 IV -0.1 r 8.3 8.5 r 7.8 r 5.4 r 7.9
III 17.2 r 53.1 30.7 r -12.9 r -16.8 r -25.6
II -5.8 r -43.1 -39.6 r 29.4 r 33.8 r 37.4
I 1.2 r -5.3 -6.5 r 6.4 r 5.0 r 5.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 ANNUAL -1.0 r 3.1 r 4.2 4.1 r -3.3 r 5.2 r
2022 IV -1.9 r 0.7 r 2.7 r 4.3 r -2.4 r 6.3 r
III -1.5 r 3.0 r 4.6 r 5.2 r -2.5 r 6.8 r
II -0.9 r 4.1 5.1 r 2.9 r -4.9 3.8
I -0.2 r 4.8 5.0 r 3.6 r -3.8 r 3.9
2021 ANNUAL 2.6 r 5.8 3.2 r 2.7 -1.9 r 0.1
2021 IV 0.9 r 4.5 3.5 r 3.0 r -3.4 r 2.1
III 1.2 5.1 3.8 r 2.9 -2.2 1.7
II 5.7 r 15.8 9.6 r -0.2 r -4.8 r -5.6
I 2.8 -0.8 -3.5 4.7 r 2.8 1.9
2020 ANNUAL 0.9 r -6.6 -7.4 7.0 5.7 6.1
2020 IV 2.8 -2.8 -5.4 6.6 r 5.4 3.8
III 2.7 r -5.4 -7.8 r 7.0 r 5.6 r 4.1 r
II -1.8 r -15.2 -13.6 r 10.4 r 9.9 r 12.4
I -1.2 r -3.2 -2.0 r 3.5 r 1.4 r 4.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 ANNUAL 97.5 r 103.1 r 105.7 r 132.0 r 103.7 r 135.4 r
2022 IV 96.5 r 102.6 r 106.3 r 134.4 r 103.5 r 139.3 r
III 97.2 r 103.4 r 106.4 r 132.9 r 103.3 r 136.7 r
II 98.1 r 103.6 105.5 r 130.4 r 102.8 r 132.9 r
I 97.5 r 102.7 105.3 r 129.3 r 104.3 r 132.6 r
2021 ANNUAL 98.5 r 99.9 101.4 r 126.8 r 107.2 r 128.7 r
2021 IV 98.4 r 101.8 103.5 r 128.8 r 106.1 r 131.0 r
III 98.7 r 100.4 101.7 r 126.3 r 106.0 r 128.0 r
II 99.0 r 99.4 100.4 r 126.8 r 108.1 r 128.1 r
I 97.8 r 98.1 100.3 r 124.8 r 108.5 r 127.6 r
2020 ANNUAL 96.1 r 94.4 98.3 r 123.5 r 109.3 r 128.6 r
2020 IV 97.5 r 97.4 100.0 r 125.1 r 109.9 r 128.3 r
III 97.5 r 95.5 98.0 r 122.8 r 108.4 r 125.9 r
II 93.7 r 85.9 91.6 r 127.1 r 113.5 r 135.6
I 95.1 r 98.9 103.9 r 119.1 r 105.6 r 125.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 ANNUAL -0.4 r 4.3 r 4.7 3.4 r -4.0 r 3.8 r
2022 IV -3.1 r -3.5 r -0.4 r 4.0 r -0.1 r 7.4 r
III -4.7 r 0.9 r 5.9 r 7.7 r 2.0 r 13.0 r
II 3.4 r 5.1 1.6 r 4.0 r -5.1 r 0.6
I -3.0 r 5.5 8.9 r -0.7 r -8.4 r 2.5
2021 ANNUAL 4.9 r 8.2 3.1 r 3.4 r -1.3 r -1.4
2021 IV 1.4 r 6.5 5.1 r 9.9 r 1.9 r 8.4
III 0.7 r 6.7 5.9 r -7.0 r -12.9 r -7.7
II 1.3 r 1.0 -0.3 r 9.4 r 1.2 r 8.0
I 2.4 r 6.4 3.9 r 0.7 r -3.3 r -1.7
2020 ANNUAL 1.1 -7.9 -8.9 7.1 5.8 6.0
2020 IV 3.3 r 9.1 5.7 r 12.3 r 9.9 r 8.7
III 41.5 r 93.9 37.0 r -16.5 r -20.3 r -41.0
II -15.0 r -53.0 -44.7 r 33.0 r 37.6 r 56.5
I -0.6 r -8.3 -7.8 r 5.7 r 4.4 r 6.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 ANNUAL -0.4 r 4.3 r 4.7 3.4 r -4.0 r 3.8 r
2022 IV -1.9 r 1.9 r 3.9 r 3.7 r -3.0 r 5.8 r
III -0.8 r 4.5 r 5.3 5.2 r -2.5 r 6.0 r
II 0.6 r 6.0 5.3 r 1.4 r -6.3 r 0.8
I 0.1 r 4.9 4.8 r 2.7 r -4.8 r 2.6
2021 ANNUAL 4.9 r 8.2 3.1 r 3.4 r -1.3 r -1.4
2021 IV 1.5 r 5.1 3.6 r 3.0 r -3.5 r 1.5
III 1.9 r 5.7 3.8 r 3.5 r -1.6 r 1.6
II 11.0 r 22.8 10.7 r 0.8 r -3.8 r -9.2
I 6.2 1.4 -4.5 5.9 3.9 -0.3
2020 ANNUAL 1.1 -7.9 -8.9 7.1 5.8 6.0
2020 IV 5.4 -2.3 -7.3 7.2 r 5.9 1.6
III 4.4 r -5.1 -9.1 r 6.8 r 5.5 r 2.3
II -4.9 r -20.0 -15.9 r 11.1 r 10.6 r 16.8
I -1.8 r -4.3 -2.5 r 3.0 r 0.9 r 4.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 ANNUAL 102.0 r 106.7 r 104.6 r 132.8 r 104.3 r 130.1 r
2022 IV 100.8 r 106.5 r 105.6 r 135.0 r 103.9 r 133.9 r
III 101.6 r 107.4 r 105.7 r 133.6 r 104.0 r 131.5 r
II 102.8 r 107.2 104.2 r 131.2 r 103.4 r 127.6 r
I 102.0 r 105.9 103.8 r 129.9 r 104.8 r 127.4 r
2021 ANNUAL 102.4 r 102.3 99.9 r 128.4 r 108.6 r 125.4 r
2021 IV 102.8 r 104.4 101.6 r 130.1 r 107.1 r 126.6 r
III 102.4 r 102.8 100.4 r 127.1 r 106.6 r 124.1 r
II 102.2 r 101.2 98.9 r 129.4 r 110.4 r 126.6 r
I 101.9 r 100.9 99.0 r 126.5 r 110.1 r 124.2 r
2020 ANNUAL 97.6 r 94.6 96.9 r 124.2 r 110.0 r 127.2 r
2020 IV 101.3 r 99.4 98.1 r 126.3 r 111.0 r 124.7 r
III 100.5 r 97.2 96.7 r 122.7 r 108.4 r 122.1 r
II 92.1 r 82.4 89.4 r 128.4 r 114.7 r 139.4 r
I 95.9 r 99.5 103.7 r 119.5 r 105.9 r 124.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 ANNUAL -1.4 r 1.9 r 3.4 5.4 r -2.1 r 6.9 r
2022 IV -2.2 r -2.5 r -0.3 r 6.2 r 2.0 r 8.6 r
III -1.6 r -2.6 r -1.1 r 7.1 r 1.4 r 8.8 r
II 2.1 r 1.4 -0.7 r 2.2 r -6.8 r 0.1
I -2.7 r 1.8 4.7 r 5.1 r -3.1 r 8.1
2021 ANNUAL 0.2 r 3.5 3.3 r 1.3 r -3.2 r 1.2
2021 IV -5.0 r 5.1 10.6 r 5.5 r -2.2 r 11.0 r
III -3.2 r 0.8 4.2 r 10.2 r 3.3 r 13.8 r
II 8.8 r 11.2 2.1 r 1.6 r -6.0 r -6.6 r
I 1.7 r -1.3 -2.9 r -4.7 r -8.4 r -6.3
2020 ANNUAL -0.1 -4.9 -4.9 r 7.2 5.9 7.3
2020 IV -4.8 r 7.7 13.2 r 0.4 r -1.8 r 5.5
III -0.9 r 19.8 20.9 r -6.7 r -10.9 r -5.8
II -0.8 r -30.7 -30.1 r 25.5 r 29.8 r 26.4
I 2.6 r -1.8 -4.2 r 8.1 r 6.7 r 5.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 ANNUAL -1.4 r 1.9 r 3.4 5.4 r -2.1 r 6.9 r
2022 IV -1.1 r -0.5 r 0.6 r 5.1 r -1.7 r 6.3 r
III -1.8 r 1.4 r 3.3 r 5.0 r -2.7 r 6.9 r
II -2.2 r 2.3 4.6 r 5.7 r -2.3 r 8.1 r
I -0.7 r 4.7 5.3 r 5.6 r -2.1 6.3
2021 ANNUAL 0.2 r 3.5 3.3 r 1.3 r -3.2 r 1.2
2021 IV 0.4 r 3.9 3.4 r 3.0 r -3.4 r 2.6
III 0.5 r 4.5 4.0 r 1.7 r -3.3 r 1.3
II 1.1 9.1 7.9 -2.4 -6.8 r -3.4
I -1.2 -3.0 -1.8 2.9 1.0 4.2
2020 ANNUAL -0.1 -4.9 -4.9 r 7.2 5.9 7.3
2020 IV -1.0 r -3.2 -2.2 r 6.2 r 4.9 r 7.3
III 0.3 -5.4 -5.7 7.5 6.2 7.2
II 0.3 r -9.5 -9.8 r 10.0 r 9.5 r 9.7
I -0.4 r -1.6 -1.1 4.7 2.6 r 5.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 ANNUAL 96.4 r 103.6 r 107.4 r 131.0 r 102.9 r 135.8 r
2022 IV 95.8 r 102.8 r 107.4 r 133.5 r 102.8 r 139.4 r
III 96.3 r 103.5 r 107.4 r 131.5 r 102.3 r 136.5 r
II 96.7 r 104.2 107.7 r 129.3 r 101.9 r 133.7 r
I 96.2 r 103.8 107.9 r 128.6 r 103.8 r 133.6 r
2021 ANNUAL 97.8 r 101.6 103.9 r 124.2 r 105.1 r 127.0 r
2021 IV 96.9 r 103.4 106.7 r 127.0 r 104.6 r 131.1 r
III 98.1 r 102.1 104.0 r 125.3 r 105.2 r 127.7 r
II 98.9 r 101.9 103.0 r 122.3 r 104.3 r 123.6 r
I 96.9 r 99.2 102.4 r 121.8 r 105.9 r 125.7
2020 ANNUAL 97.6 r 98.2 100.6 r 122.6 r 108.5 r 125.6 r
2020 IV 96.5 r 99.5 103.2 r 123.3 r 108.3 r 127.8 r
III 97.7 r 97.7 100.0 r 123.1 r 108.8 r 126.1 r
II 97.9 r 93.4 95.4 r 125.3 r 112.0 r 128.0 r
I 98.1 r 102.3 104.3 r 118.4 r 104.9 r 120.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added Unit
Hourly hourly output Unit combined
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit price nonlabor input Unit
and produc- Hours sation sation labor deflator costs costs profits
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (4) (6) (7) (8)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 III 0.6 r 4.3 r 3.6 r 7.7 r 2.1 r 7.1 r 4.3 1.6 r 5.3 r -1.1 r
II -2.8 r -0.6 2.3 r 4.1 r -5.0 r 7.2 12.6 12.0 8.6 36.4
I -5.1 r -1.2 4.0 r 3.6 r -4.5 r 9.1 12.2 24.7 13.6 4.8
2021 ANNUAL 3.0 r 8.3 5.1 r 4.5 r -0.1 r 1.5 5.0 4.1 2.3 22.9
2021 IV -2.5 r 5.3 8.0 r 5.4 r -2.3 r 8.1 8.6 17.7 10.9 -3.1
III 1.1 r 5.4 4.3 r 9.3 r 2.5 r 8.1 8.2 17.0 10.7 -4.0
II -1.1 r 4.7 5.8 r 6.9 r -1.1 r 8.0 8.2 -10.8 2.0 48.2
I 3.0 r 7.3 4.2 r -1.2 r -5.1 r -4.1 4.4 3.3 -1.9 51.6
2020 ANNUAL 3.6 r -4.0 -7.3 8.1 6.7 4.4 1.4 -7.5 0.6 6.6
2020 IV 13.0 r 24.3 10.0 r 7.5 r 5.2 r -4.9 1.3 59.3 10.3 -38.3
III 0.2 r 34.5 34.2 r -7.0 r -11.3 r -7.2 3.2 -22.9 -11.9 177.2
II 3.2 r -41.0 -42.9 r 28.6 r 33.0 r 24.6 2.9 -35.4 2.3 7.0
I 3.2 r -2.3 -5.3 r 9.0 r 7.6 r 5.6 -0.6 2.5 4.6 -30.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 III -2.5 r 1.9 r 4.5 r 5.2 r -2.5 r 7.8 r 9.4 13.7 r 9.6 r 8.2 r
II -2.3 r 2.2 4.6 r 5.6 r -2.4 r 8.1 10.4 17.8 10.9 7.4
I -1.9 r 3.5 5.5 r 6.3 r -1.4 r 8.3 9.3 11.3 9.2 9.6
2021 ANNUAL 3.0 r 8.3 5.1 r 4.5 r -0.1 r 1.5 5.0 4.1 2.3 22.9
2021 IV 0.1 r 5.7 5.5 r 5.0 r -1.5 r 4.9 7.3 6.1 5.3 20.3
III 3.9 10.2 6.0 5.6 0.3 1.6 5.5 14.5 5.1 7.4
II 3.7 17.1 12.9 1.4 -3.2 -2.2 4.3 3.1 -0.7 40.0
I 4.8 1.4 -3.2 6.2 4.2 1.3 3.0 -4.8 -0.6 29.1
2020 ANNUAL 3.6 r -4.0 -7.3 8.1 6.7 4.4 1.4 -7.5 0.6 6.6
2020 IV 4.8 -0.9 -5.5 8.8 7.5 r 3.8 1.7 -5.0 1.0 6.2
III 2.7 r -5.3 -7.8 r 8.3 r 7.0 r 5.5 1.6 -16.4 -1.6 23.7
II 3.3 -11.4 -14.2 r 10.6 10.1 7.1 1.1 -9.9 1.7 -3.0
I 2.7 r 1.6 -1.1 r 4.2 r 2.1 r 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.3 -1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 III 111.2 r 126.9 r 114.1 r 147.6 r 114.8 r 132.7 r 130.3 118.9 r 128.2 r 143.0 r
II 111.0 r 125.5 113.1 r 144.9 r 114.2 r 130.5 128.9 118.5 126.5 143.4
I 111.8 r 125.7 112.4 r 143.4 r 115.7 r 128.3 125.2 115.2 123.9 132.7
2021 ANNUAL 113.8 r 123.8 108.8 r 138.7 r 117.4 r 121.9 118.0 104.4 116.1 129.5
2021 IV 113.3 r 126.1 111.3 r 142.2 r 117.1 r 125.5 121.6 109.0 120.0 131.2
III 114.0 r 124.5 109.2 r 140.3 r 117.8 r 123.1 119.1 104.6 117.0 132.2
II 113.7 r 122.9 108.1 r 137.2 r 117.0 r 120.7 116.8 100.6 114.0 133.5
I 114.0 r 121.5 106.6 r 135.0 r 117.4 r 118.4 114.5 103.5 113.5 121.0
2020 ANNUAL 110.4 r 114.3 103.5 r 132.7 r 117.5 r 120.2 112.4 100.3 113.6 105.4
2020 IV 113.1 r 119.3 105.5 r 135.4 r 118.9 r 119.7 113.3 102.7 114.0 109.1
III 109.7 r 113.0 103.0 r 132.9 r 117.4 r 121.2 112.9 91.4 111.3 123.1
II 109.6 r 104.9 95.7 r 135.4 r 121.0 r 123.5 112.0 97.5 114.8 95.4
I 108.8 r 119.8 110.1 r 127.1 r 112.7 r 116.9 111.2 108.8 114.2 93.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 2, 2023
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S.
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal
Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
SIZE OF REVISIONS: Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as more
complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close of the
reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate approximately
60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of nonfarm business sector
quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate by -1.0 to +1.3 percentage point
about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates for reference quarters from the first
quarter of 2001 to the third quarter of 2022. For more about revisions to labor productivity growth see
“Revisions to BLS quarterly labor productivity estimates: How large are they?” at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2022/article/revisions-to-bls-quarterly-labor-productivity-estimates-how-large-
are-they.htm.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private
benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include
an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U).
The trend from 1978-2021 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments,
rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal
places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less
subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustment.
United States Department of Labor
