Internet address: http://www.bls.gov/lpc/ USDL 09-0223
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information: (202) 691-5606 MATERIAL IS EMBARGOED
Current data: (202) 691-5200 UNTIL 8:30 A.M. EST,
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 2009
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages, 2008 Revised
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today
reported revised fourth-quarter seasonally-adjusted annual rates of
productivity change--as measured by output per hour of all persons--and
revised changes for calendar year 2008. Percent changes in business and
nonfarm business productivity were:
Fourth Annual averages
quarter 2007-2008
Business sector -0.4 2.7
Nonfarm Business sector -0.4 2.8
Productivity growth for the fourth quarter of 2008 was revised down by
3.5 percentage points in the business sector and 3.6 percentage points in the
nonfarm business sector from the estimates published February 5. In both
sectors output was revised down by 3.2 percentage points and hours were
revised up by 0.1 percentage point. Productivity growth during calendar year
2008 was not revised in either sector.
In the manufacturing sector, percent changes in productivity were:
Fourth Annual averages
quarter 2007-2008
Manufacturing sector -4.0 1.5
Durable goods manufacturing -14.8 1.6
Nondurable goods manufacturing 7.6 1.0
==============================================================================
Data in this release reflect annual benchmark revision of BLS Current
Employment Statistics program data on nonfarm employee hours, and revised
seasonal adjustment of those data. Also, hours of other nonfarm and farm
workers based on the BLS Current Population Survey incorporate new seasonal
adjustment factors. Due to these revisions, hours measures for all major
sectors were revised back to the first quarter of 2004 and appear in detail
in tables 1 through 6 and appendix tables 1 through 6. See Revised
Measures.
==============================================================================
In the manufacturing sector, productivity fell 1.0 percentage point
more than was reported Feb. 5, as a 1.0 percentage point downward revision to
output was partially offset by a 0.1 percentage point downward revision to
hours. Annual average growth in manufacturing productivity from 2007 to 2008
was revised up by 0.2 percentage point. Output and hours in manufacturing,
which includes about 12 percent of U.S. business-sector employment, tend to
vary more from quarter to quarter than data for the aggregate business and
nonfarm business sectors. Fourth-quarter productivity and related measures
are summarized in table A and appear in detail in tables 1 through 5.
Preliminary and revised fourth-quarter and annual data appear in table C.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Productivity and costs: Revised fourth-quarter 2008 measures
(Seasonally adjusted annual rates)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit
Produc- compen- compen- labor
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from preceding quarter
Business -0.4 -8.4 -8.0 5.0 15.6 5.4
Nonfarm Business -0.4 -8.7 -8.3 5.3 15.9 5.7
Manufacturing -4.0 -17.7 -14.2 10.1 21.2 14.7
Durable -14.8 -26.9 -14.2 10.1 21.2 29.1
Nondurable 7.6 -7.7 -14.2 10.1 21.3 2.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from same quarter a year ago
Business 2.2 -1.8 -3.9 4.0 2.5 1.8
Nonfarm Business 2.2 -1.8 -4.0 4.1 2.5 1.8
Manufacturing -1.1 -8.0 -6.9 5.6 4.0 6.8
Durable -3.5 -10.6 -7.4 6.0 4.4 9.8
Nondurable 0.8 -5.3 -6.1 4.9 3.3 4.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the
manufacturing series differ from those used in preparing the business and
nonfarm business series, and these measures are not directly comparable.
Output measures for business and nonfarm business are based on measures of
gross domestic product prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the
U.S. Department of Commerce. Quarterly output measures for manufacturing
reflect indexes of industrial production prepared by the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System. See Technical Notes for further information
on data sources.
Business
Productivity in the business sector decreased 0.4 percent in the
fourth quarter of 2008, as output decreased 8.4 percent and hours of all
persons decreased 8.0 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates). The decline
in output was the largest since the first quarter of 1982 (-8.6 percent) and
the decline in hours was the largest since the first quarter of 1975 (-12.1
percent). When the fourth quarter of 2008 is compared to the fourth quarter
of 2007 output per hour increased 2.2 percent (tables A and 1).
Hourly compensation grew at a 5.0 percent annual rate in the fourth
quarter. This measure includes wages and salaries, supplements, employer
contributions to employee-benefit plans, and taxes. Real hourly compensation
increased 15.6 percent in the fourth quarter. This measure takes into
account changes in consumer prices, which fell at a 9.2 percent annual rate
in the fourth quarter.
Unit labor costs, which reflect changes in hourly compensation and
productivity, increased 5.4 percent during the fourth quarter, after rising
3.3 percent in the third quarter. The implicit price deflator for business
sector output edged down 0.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, but
increased 1.7 percent from the same quarter a year ago.
Nonfarm Business
In the nonfarm business sector, productivity decreased at an annual
rate of 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, as output decreased 8.7
percent and hours of all persons--employees, proprietors, and unpaid family
workers--decreased 8.3 percent. As in the business sector, the decline in
nonfarm business output was the largest since the first quarter of 1982 (-8.7
percent) and the decline in hours was the largest since the first quarter of
1975 (-12.0 percent). Productivity increased 2.2 percent during the last
four quarters (table 2).
Hourly compensation grew 5.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008.
Real hourly compensation rose steeply, 15.9 percent, when the 9.2 percent
decrease in consumer prices was taken into account. This was the largest
increase in the real hourly compensation series, which begins in the second
quarter of 1947. As in the business sector, real hourly compensation rose
2.5 percent during the past four quarters.
Unit labor costs increased 5.7 percent in the fourth quarter and 1.8
percent over the last four quarters. The implicit price deflator for nonfarm
business increased 0.5 percent in the fourth quarter after increasing 4.7
percent in the previous quarter.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing productivity, output, and hours all declined in the
fourth quarter of 2008; output per hour fell 4.0 percent, output dropped 17.7
percent, and hours fell 14.2 percent. These were the largest declines for
each of these series, which begin with data for the second quarter of 1987.
From the fourth quarter of 2007 to the fourth quarter of 2008 manufacturing
productivity decreased 1.1 percent, output fell 8.0 percent and hours fell
6.9 percent (table A).
In the durable goods manufacturing sector, productivity dropped 14.8
percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, as output fell 26.9 percent and hours
declined 14.2 percent. These were the largest decreases in output and output
per hour for the entire series beginning in the second quarter of 1987. In
the nondurable goods sector, productivity rose 7.6 percent in the fourth
quarter as hours fell faster than output; output declined 7.7 percent and
hours fell 14.2 percent.
Hourly compensation of all manufacturing workers increased 10.1
percent during the fourth quarter of 2008, and after taking into account the
9.2 percent decrease in consumer prices, real hourly compensation in
manufacturing rose a series-high 21.2 percent. Hourly compensation also rose
10.1 percent in durable and nondurable manufacturing; real hourly
compensation increased 21.2 percent and 21.3 percent, respectively.
Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 14.7 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2008. These cost increases were concentrated in durable goods
manufacturing where unit labor costs rose 29.1 percent; unit labor costs rose
2.3 percent in nondurable goods industries. Over the last four quarters
manufacturing unit labor costs increased 6.8 percent.
ANNUAL AVERAGE CHANGES, 2007-2008
Business and Nonfarm Business
When annual averages for 2008 were compared with annual averages for
2007, labor productivity increased 2.7 percent in the business sector and 2.8
percent in the nonfarm business sector (table B). In both sectors, the
productivity gains were the largest since 2004, due more to declines in hours
than the small gains in output, and were larger than the 2.5 percent average
annual increase during the 2000-2007 period.
In 2008, hourly compensation increased 3.6 percent and 3.7 percent in
the business and nonfarm business sectors, respectively. Because consumer
prices increased more, 3.8 percent, real hourly compensation fell slightly.
The annual decline in this measure of purchasing power was the first since
small declines occurred in three consecutive years--1993, 1994, and 1995.
Unit labor costs rose just 0.9 percent in both the business and
nonfarm business sectors during 2008, as hourly compensation growth was
largely offset by productivity growth. Unit labor costs had increased 1.4
percent from 2000 to 2007 in both sectors.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table B. Productivity and costs: Revised 2008 annual averages
(Seasonally adjusted annual rates)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit
Produc- compen- compen- labor
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous year
Business 2.7 0.8 -1.9 3.6 -0.2 0.9
Nonfarm Business 2.8 0.8 -1.9 3.7 -0.1 0.9
Manufacturing 1.5 -2.5 -3.9 4.0 0.2 2.5
Durable 1.6 -2.6 -4.2 4.2 0.3 2.5
Nondurable 1.0 -2.4 -3.4 3.8 0.0 2.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing
In the manufacturing sector, labor productivity rose 1.5 percent in
2008 as output fell 2.5 percent but hours fell faster, 3.9 percent (table B).
Durable manufacturing output per hour increased 1.6 percent as output fell
2.6 percent and hours fell 4.2 percent, while in nondurable goods industries
productivity increased 1.0 percent, output fell 2.4 percent and hours fell
3.4 percent. Total manufacturing productivity had grown at a 3.7 percent
average annual rate from 2000 to 2007.
Hourly compensation of manufacturing workers increased 4.0 percent in
2008, which is the same as the average annual rate of growth from 2000 to
2007. The gain in hourly compensation was offset by the 3.8 percent increase
in consumer prices, and real hourly compensation edged up 0.2 percent. Unit
labor costs in manufacturing increased 2.5 percent in 2008, as hourly
compensation increased more than productivity. These costs had increased at
a 0.3 percent average annual rate from 2000 to 2007.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table C. Previous and revised productivity and related measures:
Fourth-quarter 2008, third-quarter 2008, and annual averages 2008
(Seasonally adjusted annual rates)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit
Produc- compen- compen- labor
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, fourth quarter 2008
Business:
Previous 3.1 -5.2 -8.1 4.7 15.3 1.5
Revised -0.4 -8.4 -8.0 5.0 15.6 5.4
Nonfarm Business:
Previous 3.2 -5.5 -8.4 5.0 15.6 1.8
Revised -0.4 -8.7 -8.3 5.3 15.9 5.7
Manufacturing:
Previous -3.0 -16.7 -14.1 9.8 20.9 13.3
Revised -4.0 -17.7 -14.2 10.1 21.2 14.7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, third quarter 2008
Business:
Previous 1.7 -1.8 -3.5 4.2 -2.3 2.5
Revised 2.3 -1.8 -4.0 5.7 -1.0 3.3
Nonfarm Business:
Previous 1.5 -1.9 -3.4 4.2 -2.4 2.6
Revised 2.2 -1.9 -3.9 5.7 -0.9 3.5
Manufacturing:
Previous -3.3 -8.8 -5.7 4.9 -1.7 8.4
Revised -2.2 -8.6 -6.5 5.4 -1.3 7.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, 2007 - 2008
Business:
Previous 2.7 1.0 -1.7 3.3 -0.5 0.6
Revised 2.7 0.8 -1.9 3.6 -0.2 0.9
Nonfarm Business:
Previous 2.8 1.0 -1.8 3.4 -0.4 0.5
Revised 2.8 0.8 -1.9 3.7 -0.1 0.9
Manufacturing:
Previous 1.3 -2.4 -3.7 3.9 0.1 2.5
Revised 1.5 -2.5 -3.9 4.0 0.2 2.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revised Measures
Quarterly and annual measures for all sectors were revised back to
2004 to incorporate the annual benchmark adjustment and updated information on
seasonal trends from the BLS nonfarm payroll series (table C and appendix
tables 1-5). Hours and related measures for the business and nonfarm
business sectors were revised to incorporate updated information on seasonal
trends in Current Population Survey data on hours worked. Full quarterly and
annual historical series are available on the BLS website,
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data .
Previous and revised productivity and related data for the third
quarter, fourth quarter, and full year 2008 for business, nonfarm business,
and manufacturing are displayed in Table C. In the business and nonfarm
business sectors, productivity declined 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter of
2008, rather than increasing as reported Feb. 5. In both sectors, this
resulted from a 3.2 percentage points downward revision to output, with hours
little changed. Also in both sectors, the downward revisions to productivity
and the 0.3 percentage point upward revisions to hourly compensation resulted
in upward revisions to unit labor costs of 3.9 percentage points.
In the manufacturing sector, fourth-quarter productivity growth was
revised down from -3.0 percent to -4.0 percent, due to the 1.0 percentage
point downward revision to output; hours were revised down slightly. The
combination of the downward revision to productivity and a small upward
revision to hourly compensation led to an upward revision in unit labor costs
from 13.3 percent to 14.7 percent.
Productivity growth was revised up in the business and nonfarm
business sectors for the third quarter, due solely to downward revisions to
hours; output was not revised. In the manufacturing sector, productivity
declined less than previously reported, reflecting a downward revision to
hours and a slight upward revision to output. Unit labor costs were revised
up in the business and nonfarm business sectors for the third quarter, while
they were revised down in the manufacturing sector.
For the year 2008, productivity grew at the same rates reported Feb. 5
in both the business and nonfarm business sectors--2.7 percent and 2.8
percent, respectively. Because hourly compensation was revised up in these
two sectors, unit labor costs were revised up as well. In the manufacturing
sector, an upward revision to productivity was offset by an upward revision
to hourly compensation, leading to unit labor costs not being revised.
Revised measures: Nonfinancial corporations
Measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector also were revised today
to incorporate new information regarding output and compensation in the third
quarter of 2008. Productivity growth was revised up from the preliminary
estimate due to an upward revision to output and a downward revision to
hours. Hourly compensation had an upward revision which, when paired with
the upward revision to productivity, led to a slight upward revision to unit
labor costs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: Previous and revised productivity and
cost measures
Quarterly percent changes at seasonally adjusted annual rates
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Third quarter 2008
Previous 5.5 2.1 -3.2 5.1 -1.5 -0.4 26.8 3.8
Revised 6.4 2.3 -3.9 6.1 -0.6 -0.3 26.5 3.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Next release date
The next release of Productivity and Costs is scheduled for 8:30 A.M.
EDT, Thursday, May 7, 2009, and will present preliminary first-quarter 2009
measures for business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing. Fourth-quarter
2008 and annual average data for 2008 for nonfinancial corporations will be
released at that time.
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include
hours for all persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the
self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and
employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which
provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid
hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments.
Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this
purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and
Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and
supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of
the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more
establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features
measures of employment that count each person only once and classify each
person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that
person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more
detailed information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all
other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed
information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct
industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following
outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households
(including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in
labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 78 percent of the value of
GDP in 2000. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 77
percent of GDP in 2000.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to
be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by
BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product
manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal
manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery
manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical
equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment
manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and miscellaneous
manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco
product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel
manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing; paper manufacturing;
printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal products
manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products
manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank
holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the
finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about
54 percent of the value of GDP in 2000.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between
real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced
per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all
persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of
labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the
joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required
for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily
on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The
compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and
private households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to
derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation
of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This
is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as
employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost
measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe
the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity, or real
output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on
producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor
productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor
costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented
in three ways; as index number series where 1992=100, as percent changes from
the corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as percent changes from
the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate. Annual data are
presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous
year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and
costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in
this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site,
http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major
Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r135.9 162.8 r119.8 r167.8 r120.5 r123.5 r133.4 127.2
II r136.5 164.0 r120.1 r168.1 r119.6 r123.1 r136.3 128.0
III r136.0 164.1 r120.7 r169.0 r119.1 r124.3 r136.3 128.8
IV r135.9 164.8 r121.3 r172.6 r122.1 r127.0 r133.3 129.4
ANNUAL r136.1 163.9 r120.5 r169.4 r120.3 r124.5 r134.8 128.3
2007 I r135.7 164.5 r121.3 r174.3 r122.2 r128.5 r134.3 130.7
II r137.5 166.8 r121.3 r175.4 r121.6 r127.5 r137.5 131.2
III r140.0 169.0 r120.8 r177.4 r122.1 r126.7 r139.8 131.6
IV r139.6 168.8 r120.9 r178.9 r121.7 r128.2 r139.0 132.2
ANNUAL r138.2 167.3 r121.1 r176.5 r121.9 r127.7 r137.7 131.4
2008 I r140.4 169.1 r120.4 r180.5 r121.5 r128.6 r140.2 132.9
II r142.0 170.2 r119.9 r181.3 r120.6 r127.7 r142.4 133.2
III r142.8 169.4 r118.6 r183.9 r120.3 r128.8 r144.3 134.6
IV r142.6 r165.7 r116.2 r186.1 r124.7 r130.5 r141.3 r134.5
ANNUAL r141.9 r168.6 r118.8 r182.9 r121.7 r128.9 r142.0 r133.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r2.0 5.6 r3.6 r4.8 r2.9 r2.7 r3.3 3.0
II r2.0 2.9 r0.9 r0.7 r-2.8 -1.2 r8.7 2.6
III r-1.6 0.3 r2.0 r2.3 r-1.7 r4.0 r0.1 2.4
IV r-0.3 1.7 r2.0 r8.8 r10.5 r9.2 r-8.5 1.9
ANNUAL 0.9 3.0 2.1 3.8 0.5 2.9 3.3 3.0
2007 I r-0.7 -0.7 r0.0 r4.0 r0.3 r4.7 r3.0 4.0
II r5.7 5.6 r0.0 r2.4 r-2.1 r-3.1 r9.9 1.7
III r7.3 5.5 r-1.7 r4.6 r1.8 -2.5 r7.0 1.1
IV r-1.1 -0.6 r0.5 r3.7 r-1.3 r4.8 r-2.3 2.0
ANNUAL r1.6 2.0 0.5 4.2 1.3 2.6 2.1 2.4
2008 I r2.2 0.7 r-1.5 r3.5 r-0.8 r1.2 r3.2 2.0
II r4.7 2.6 r-1.9 r1.9 r-3.0 r-2.6 r6.4 0.9
III r2.3 -1.8 r-4.0 r5.7 r-1.0 r3.3 r5.6 4.2
IV r-0.4 r-8.4 r-8.0 r5.0 r15.6 r5.4 r-8.1 r-0.1
ANNUAL 2.7 r0.8 r-1.9 r3.6 r-0.2 r0.9 r3.2 r1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I 1.3 3.6 2.3 r4.2 r0.4 2.9 r3.8 3.3
II 1.7 3.5 1.8 4.0 0.1 r2.2 r5.3 3.4
III r0.3 2.4 2.2 r3.0 -0.4 2.7 r3.4 3.0
IV 0.5 2.6 2.1 4.1 2.1 3.6 0.7 2.5
ANNUAL 0.9 3.0 2.1 3.8 0.5 2.9 3.3 3.0
2007 I r-0.2 1.0 1.2 3.9 1.5 4.1 r0.6 2.7
II 0.7 1.7 1.0 r4.3 r1.6 3.6 0.9 2.5
III r2.9 3.0 r0.1 r4.9 r2.5 1.9 2.6 2.2
IV r2.7 2.4 -0.3 3.7 -0.3 0.9 4.3 2.2
ANNUAL r1.6 2.0 0.5 4.2 1.3 2.6 2.1 2.4
2008 I r3.5 2.8 r-0.7 r3.5 r-0.6 0.0 4.4 1.7
II r3.2 2.0 r-1.2 r3.4 r-0.8 0.2 r3.5 1.5
III r2.0 0.2 -1.7 r3.7 r-1.5 r1.6 r3.2 2.3
IV r2.2 r-1.8 r-3.9 r4.0 r2.5 r1.8 r1.6 r1.7
ANNUAL 2.7 r0.8 r-1.9 r3.6 r-0.2 r0.9 r3.2 r1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r134.8 163.2 r121.0 r166.5 r119.6 r123.5 r135.5 127.9
II r135.6 164.3 r121.1 r167.0 r118.9 r123.1 r138.6 128.8
III r135.1 164.4 r121.7 r168.0 r118.4 r124.3 r138.4 129.5
IV r134.9 165.0 r122.3 r171.7 r121.4 r127.2 r134.7 130.0
ANNUAL r135.1 164.2 r121.5 r168.3 r119.5 r124.5 r136.8 129.1
2007 I r134.7 164.7 r122.2 r173.4 r121.6 r128.7 r135.1 131.1
II r136.3 167.0 r122.5 r174.0 r120.6 r127.6 r138.3 131.5
III r138.7 169.2 r122.0 r175.8 r121.1 r126.8 r140.5 131.8
IV r138.5 168.9 r122.0 r177.8 r120.9 r128.4 r139.7 132.5
ANNUAL r137.0 167.5 r122.2 r175.2 r121.0 r127.9 r138.4 131.7
2008 I r139.4 169.3 r121.5 r179.4 r120.8 r128.7 r141.0 133.2
II r141.0 170.5 r120.9 r180.2 r119.8 r127.8 r143.3 133.5
III r141.7 169.7 r119.7 r182.7 r119.5 r128.9 r145.6 135.0
IV r141.6 r165.8 r117.1 r185.0 r124.0 r130.7 r142.9 r135.2
ANNUAL r140.9 r168.8 r119.8 r181.8 r120.9 r129.0 r143.2 r134.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r1.9 6.0 r4.0 r4.5 r2.6 2.6 r4.0 3.1
II r2.4 2.9 r0.4 r1.3 r-2.3 -1.1 r9.5 2.9
III r-1.6 0.3 r1.9 r2.3 r-1.7 r3.9 r-0.7 2.1
IV r-0.4 1.4 r1.9 r9.1 r10.8 r9.6 r-10.1 1.5
ANNUAL r0.9 3.2 2.2 3.8 0.5 2.8 3.6 3.1
2007 I r-0.6 -0.9 r-0.2 r4.2 r0.5 r4.8 r1.2 3.4
II r4.8 5.8 r0.9 r1.3 r-3.2 r-3.3 r9.7 1.5
III r7.0 5.5 r-1.5 r4.4 r1.6 r-2.5 r6.4 0.9
IV r-0.5 -0.7 r-0.2 r4.4 r-0.5 r5.0 r-2.3 2.1
ANNUAL 1.4 2.0 0.5 4.1 r1.3 2.7 1.2 2.1
2008 I 2.6 0.9 -1.7 r3.7 r-0.6 r1.1 r3.8 2.1
II r4.7 2.8 r-1.7 r1.7 r-3.2 r-2.8 r6.9 0.9
III r2.2 -1.9 r-3.9 r5.7 r-0.9 r3.5 r6.4 4.7
IV r-0.4 r-8.7 r-8.3 r5.3 r15.9 r5.7 r-7.1 r0.5
ANNUAL 2.8 r0.8 r-1.9 r3.7 r-0.1 r0.9 r3.5 r1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I 1.3 3.7 2.4 4.2 r0.4 2.9 4.3 3.4
II 1.7 3.7 2.0 3.9 0.0 2.2 5.9 3.6
III 0.3 2.6 2.3 2.9 r-0.4 2.6 3.8 3.1
IV 0.6 2.6 2.0 r4.2 2.2 r3.7 r0.4 2.4
ANNUAL r0.9 3.2 2.2 3.8 0.5 2.8 3.6 3.1
2007 I r-0.1 0.9 1.0 r4.1 1.7 4.2 r-0.3 2.5
II 0.5 1.6 1.1 4.2 1.5 r3.6 -0.2 2.1
III r2.6 2.9 r0.3 r4.7 r2.3 2.0 1.5 1.8
IV r2.6 2.4 -0.3 3.6 -0.4 0.9 r3.6 2.0
ANNUAL 1.4 2.0 0.5 4.1 r1.3 2.7 1.2 2.1
2008 I r3.5 2.8 r-0.6 r3.5 r-0.7 0.0 4.3 1.6
II r3.4 2.1 r-1.3 r3.6 r-0.7 0.1 r3.6 1.5
III 2.2 0.3 r-1.9 r3.9 r-1.3 r1.6 r3.6 2.4
IV r2.2 r-1.8 r-4.0 r4.1 r2.5 r1.8 r2.3 r2.0
ANNUAL 2.8 r0.8 r-1.9 r3.7 r-0.1 r0.9 r3.5 r1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r172.3 147.2 r85.4 r170.7 r122.5 r99.0
II r172.6 147.4 r85.4 r169.4 r120.6 r98.2
III r174.6 148.0 r84.8 r170.4 r120.1 r97.6
IV r175.3 147.4 r84.1 r174.4 r123.4 r99.5
ANNUAL r173.7 147.5 r84.9 r171.2 r121.6 r98.6
2007 I r176.6 147.8 r83.7 r176.6 r123.8 r100.0
II r178.6 149.6 r83.8 r176.3 r122.2 r98.7
III r181.2 151.2 r83.4 r177.0 r121.8 r97.6
IV r182.4 151.0 r82.8 r179.6 r122.2 r98.5
ANNUAL r179.7 149.9 r83.4 r177.4 r122.5 98.7
2008 I r183.7 150.7 r82.0 r181.1 r121.9 r98.6
II r183.2 149.3 r81.5 r182.7 r121.4 r99.7
III r182.2 r145.9 r80.1 r185.1 r121.1 r101.6
IV r180.3 r139.0 r77.1 r189.6 r127.0 r105.1
ANNUAL r182.4 r146.2 r80.2 r184.5 r122.7 r101.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r-1.4 1.8 r3.2 r13.4 r11.4 15.0
II r0.5 0.6 r0.1 r-2.9 r-6.2 -3.3
III r4.7 1.6 r-3.0 r2.3 r-1.6 -2.3
IV r1.7 -1.7 r-3.3 r9.8 r11.5 8.0
ANNUAL r1.0 1.8 0.8 4.1 0.8 3.0
2007 I r3.1 1.2 r-1.9 r5.0 r1.3 1.8
II r4.5 4.9 r0.4 r-0.5 r-4.9 -4.8
III r6.0 4.3 r-1.6 r1.4 r-1.3 -4.4
IV r2.6 -0.4 r-2.9 r6.1 r1.0 3.4
ANNUAL r3.5 1.6 r-1.8 r3.6 0.7 0.1
2008 I r2.9 -0.8 r-3.7 r3.4 r-0.8 0.5
II r-1.1 -3.8 r-2.7 r3.5 r-1.4 r4.7
III r-2.2 r-8.6 r-6.5 r5.4 r-1.3 r7.8
IV r-4.0 r-17.7 r-14.2 r10.1 r21.2 r14.7
ANNUAL r1.5 r-2.5 r-3.9 r4.0 r0.2 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I r1.4 2.4 r1.0 r5.3 r1.5 3.8
II 0.4 2.1 1.7 r3.2 r-0.7 2.9
III r1.0 2.3 r1.3 r2.4 -1.0 1.4
IV r1.4 0.6 r-0.8 r5.5 r3.5 4.1
ANNUAL r1.0 1.8 0.8 4.1 0.8 3.0
2007 I r2.5 0.4 r-2.0 3.5 r1.0 0.9
II 3.5 1.5 r-2.0 4.1 1.4 0.6
III r3.8 2.1 r-1.6 r3.8 r1.5 0.0
IV 4.0 2.5 -1.5 2.9 -1.0 -1.1
ANNUAL r3.5 1.6 r-1.8 r3.6 0.7 0.1
2008 I 4.0 2.0 r-2.0 r2.6 r-1.5 -1.4
II r2.6 -0.2 r-2.7 r3.6 r-0.7 1.0
III r0.5 -3.5 r-4.0 r4.6 -0.6 r4.0
IV r-1.1 r-8.0 r-6.9 r5.6 r4.0 r6.8
ANNUAL r1.5 r-2.5 r-3.9 r4.0 r0.2 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r198.5 179.6 r90.4 r165.8 r119.0 r83.5
II r198.8 180.5 r90.8 r164.5 r117.1 82.7
III r201.8 181.1 r89.7 r165.4 r116.5 r81.9
IV r202.3 180.1 r89.0 r170.1 r120.3 r84.1
ANNUAL r200.4 180.3 r90.0 r166.4 r118.2 r83.1
2007 I r204.0 180.3 r88.4 r172.7 r121.1 r84.7
II r207.8 183.9 r88.5 r172.5 r119.6 r83.0
III r211.9 186.9 r88.2 r173.0 r119.1 r81.7
IV r214.5 187.0 r87.2 r175.7 r119.5 r81.9
ANNUAL r209.5 184.5 r88.1 r173.5 r119.8 r82.8
2008 I r215.4 186.9 r86.8 r176.5 r118.8 r82.0
II r213.8 184.1 r86.1 r178.7 r118.8 r83.6
III r215.5 r180.8 r83.9 r181.7 r118.9 r84.3
IV r207.0 r167.2 r80.8 r186.2 r124.7 r89.9
ANNUAL r213.0 r179.8 r84.4 r180.7 r120.2 r84.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r-2.5 0.4 r3.0 r12.9 r10.9 15.9
II r0.6 2.1 r1.5 r-3.0 r-6.4 -3.6
III r6.2 1.2 r-4.7 r2.1 r-1.9 -3.9
IV r0.8 -2.1 r-2.9 r12.0 r13.7 11.1
ANNUAL r2.1 3.3 1.1 3.9 0.6 1.7
2007 I r3.4 0.4 r-2.9 r6.2 r2.5 2.7
II r7.8 8.2 r0.4 r-0.5 r-4.9 -7.7
III r8.0 6.8 r-1.1 r1.3 r-1.4 -6.2
IV r5.0 0.3 r-4.5 r6.3 r1.2 1.2
ANNUAL r4.6 2.3 r-2.1 r4.2 r1.3 -0.3
2008 I r1.6 -0.4 r-2.0 r2.0 r-2.2 0.4
II r-3.0 -5.7 r-2.9 r5.1 r0.0 r8.3
III r3.3 r-7.0 r-9.9 r6.9 r0.2 r3.5
IV r-14.8 r-26.9 r-14.2 10.1 21.2 r29.1
ANNUAL r1.6 r-2.6 r-4.2 r4.2 r0.3 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I r3.1 4.8 1.6 r4.8 1.1 1.6
II 2.0 4.6 r2.6 r3.0 -0.8 1.1
III r2.3 3.6 r1.3 r2.0 r-1.4 -0.4
IV r1.2 0.4 r-0.8 r5.8 r3.7 4.5
ANNUAL r2.1 3.3 1.1 3.9 0.6 1.7
2007 I r2.7 0.4 r-2.3 r4.2 r1.7 1.4
II 4.5 1.8 r-2.6 4.8 2.1 0.3
III r5.0 3.2 r-1.6 r4.6 r2.2 -0.3
IV r6.0 3.9 r-2.1 r3.3 r-0.7 -2.6
ANNUAL r4.6 2.3 r-2.1 r4.2 r1.3 -0.3
2008 I r5.6 3.7 r-1.8 r2.2 r-1.9 -3.2
II r2.9 0.1 r-2.6 r3.6 r-0.6 0.8
III r1.7 r-3.3 r-4.9 5.0 -0.2 r3.3
IV r-3.5 r-10.6 r-7.4 r6.0 r4.4 r9.8
ANNUAL r1.6 r-2.6 r-4.2 r4.2 r0.3 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r147.8 115.0 r77.8 r177.7 r127.6 r120.2
II r148.3 114.8 r77.4 r176.5 r125.6 r119.0
III r149.1 115.4 r77.4 r177.9 r125.3 r119.3
IV r150.2 115.1 r76.6 r180.3 r127.5 r120.0
ANNUAL r148.9 115.1 r77.3 r178.1 r126.5 r119.6
2007 I r151.0 115.6 r76.6 r181.6 r127.3 r120.3
II r151.3 116.0 r76.7 r181.3 r125.7 r119.9
III r152.9 116.4 r76.2 r182.0 r125.3 r119.1
IV r152.4 116.1 r76.2 r184.7 r125.6 r121.2
ANNUAL r151.9 116.0 r76.4 r182.4 r126.0 r120.1
2008 I r154.5 115.7 r74.9 r187.3 r126.1 r121.3
II r154.8 115.2 r74.4 r187.6 r124.7 r121.2
III r150.8 r112.1 r74.4 r189.1 r123.7 r125.4
IV r153.6 r109.9 r71.6 r193.8 r129.8 r126.1
ANNUAL r153.4 r113.3 r73.8 r189.4 r126.0 r123.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r0.2 3.6 r3.4 r14.6 r12.5 14.4
II r1.4 -0.9 r-2.3 r-2.8 r-6.2 -4.1
III r2.1 2.2 r0.1 r3.1 r-0.8 1.1
IV r3.0 -1.1 r-4.0 r5.6 r7.2 2.5
ANNUAL r0.1 0.3 r0.2 r4.4 1.1 4.3
2007 I r2.0 2.0 r0.0 r2.8 r-0.8 0.8
II r0.9 1.3 r0.4 r-0.5 r-4.9 -1.4
III r4.2 1.6 r-2.5 r1.4 r-1.3 r-2.6
IV r-1.1 -1.1 r0.0 r6.1 r1.0 7.3
ANNUAL r2.0 0.9 r-1.1 r2.4 -0.4 0.4
2008 I r5.5 -1.3 r-6.5 r5.8 r1.5 0.3
II r0.8 -1.7 r-2.5 r0.5 r-4.3 r-0.2
III r-9.8 r-10.3 r-0.5 r3.4 r-3.1 r14.7
IV 7.6 r-7.7 r-14.2 r10.1 r21.3 r2.3
ANNUAL 1.0 -2.4 -3.4 r3.8 r0.0 2.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I r0.1 -0.1 r-0.2 r6.1 r2.3 6.0
II -0.7 -0.6 r0.2 r3.4 r-0.5 4.2
III -0.4 1.0 1.4 r3.2 -0.2 3.6
IV r1.7 0.9 r-0.7 r5.0 r2.9 3.2
ANNUAL r0.1 0.3 r0.2 r4.4 1.1 4.3
2007 I 2.1 0.5 -1.6 r2.1 r-0.3 0.0
II 2.0 1.1 -0.9 r2.8 0.1 0.7
III 2.5 0.9 r-1.6 2.3 r0.0 -0.2
IV r1.5 0.9 r-0.5 r2.4 r-1.5 r0.9
ANNUAL r2.0 0.9 r-1.1 r2.4 -0.4 0.4
2008 I r2.3 0.1 r-2.2 r3.2 r-0.9 0.8
II r2.3 -0.7 r-2.9 r3.4 r-0.8 1.1
III r-1.3 r-3.7 r-2.4 r3.9 r-1.3 r5.3
IV r0.8 r-5.3 r-6.1 r4.9 r3.3 4.1
ANNUAL 1.0 -2.4 -3.4 r3.8 r0.0 2.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Output Hourly Real Unit Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- hourly Unit non- unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation compen- labor labor costs fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) sation(2) costs costs(6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2006 I r146.0 176.1 r120.6 r164.2 r117.9 112.5 113.0 112.6 182.6 118.8
II r145.7 176.2 r120.9 r164.4 r117.0 112.8 114.6 113.3 183.4 119.5
III r146.7 178.1 r121.4 r165.1 r116.4 112.5 114.5 113.1 193.4 120.3
IV r145.6 177.3 r121.8 r167.8 r118.7 115.3 116.5 115.6 174.4 120.8
ANNUAL r146.0 176.9 r121.2 r165.4 r117.5 113.3 114.6 113.6 183.5 119.9
2007 I r145.4 177.2 r121.9 r170.0 r119.2 116.9 117.6 117.1 172.4 122.1
II r146.7 179.1 r122.0 r171.1 r118.6 116.6 117.9 116.9 173.1 122.0
III r147.8 180.2 r121.9 r172.8 r119.0 116.9 118.2 117.2 167.4 121.7
IV r148.3 181.2 r122.2 r174.9 r119.0 117.9 119.3 118.3 156.4 121.7
ANNUAL r147.1 179.4 r122.0 r172.2 r118.9 117.1 118.3 117.4 167.3 121.9
2008 I r148.1 180.6 r121.9 r176.1 r118.5 118.9 119.4 119.0 150.8 121.8
II r151.2 183.2 r121.2 r177.4 r118.0 117.3 119.8 118.0 147.8 120.6
III r153.6 r184.2 r120.0 r180.0 r117.8 r117.3 r121.3 r118.3 r156.7 r121.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2006 I r3.0 6.3 r3.2 r7.5 r5.5 4.3 0.1 3.1 12.8 4.4
II r-0.7 0.4 r1.1 r0.5 r-3.0 1.2 5.7 2.4 1.8 2.3
III r2.8 4.4 r1.6 r1.8 r-2.1 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 23.7 2.4
IV r-3.1 -1.9 r1.2 r6.7 r8.3 10.0 7.2 9.2 -34.0 2.0
ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.6 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 12.6 3.1
2007 I r-0.6 -0.2 r0.4 r5.3 r1.6 5.9 3.8 5.4 -4.5 4.0
II r3.8 4.2 r0.4 r2.6 r-1.9 -1.1 0.9 -0.6 1.7 -0.3
III r3.0 2.7 r-0.4 r4.0 r1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 -12.6 -0.8
IV r1.2 2.1 r0.9 r5.0 r0.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 -23.8 0.0
ANNUAL 0.7 1.4 0.7 4.1 1.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 -8.8 1.7
2008 I r-0.4 -1.4 r-0.9 r2.7 r-1.5 3.2 0.3 2.4 -13.6 0.5
II r8.5 6.0 r-2.3 r3.1 r-1.9 -5.0 1.2 -3.4 -7.7 -3.8
III r6.4 r2.3 r-3.9 r6.1 r-0.6 r-0.3 r5.4 1.2 r26.5 3.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2006 I r2.9 5.7 r2.7 r4.0 r0.3 1.1 1.6 1.2 17.3 3.2
II r1.2 3.6 2.3 r3.6 r-0.3 2.4 3.0 2.6 10.1 3.5
III r2.6 4.8 2.2 r2.7 r-0.6 0.1 -0.9 -0.2 27.3 3.0
IV 0.5 2.2 1.8 4.1 2.1 3.6 3.1 3.5 -1.6 2.8
ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.6 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 12.6 3.1
2007 I -0.4 0.7 1.1 r3.5 1.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 -5.6 2.7
II 0.7 1.6 r0.9 4.1 1.4 3.4 2.9 3.2 -5.6 2.0
III r0.8 1.2 r0.4 r4.6 r2.2 3.8 3.2 3.7 -13.5 1.2
IV 1.9 2.2 0.3 r4.2 r0.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 -10.3 0.7
ANNUAL 0.7 1.4 0.7 4.1 1.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 -8.8 1.7
2008 I r1.9 1.9 r0.0 r3.6 r-0.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 -12.5 -0.2
II r3.0 2.3 r-0.7 r3.7 r-0.5 0.6 1.6 0.9 -14.6 -1.1
III r3.9 2.2 r-1.6 r4.2 r-1.0 0.3 r2.6 r1.0 r-6.4 0.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census
Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Compensation and
hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic
Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 days
later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business
sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of
output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between
-1.5 and +1.3 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This
interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth
quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of 2008.
Footnotes, Tables 1-6
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social
insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for
all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2007 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital,
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental
income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
average indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices, seasonally
adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r131.1 151.4 r115.5 r153.8 r118.0 r117.4 r123.0 119.5
II r132.3 153.1 r115.7 r155.8 r118.6 r117.7 r125.3 120.5
III r132.9 154.6 r116.3 r158.0 r119.4 r118.9 r124.8 121.1
IV r133.4 155.7 r116.7 r160.3 r119.9 r120.1 r125.4 122.1
ANNUAL r132.4 153.7 r116.1 r157.0 r119.0 r118.5 r124.6 120.8
2005 I r134.2 157.1 r117.1 r161.0 r119.9 r120.0 r128.5 123.2
II r134.2 158.4 r118.0 r161.6 r119.5 r120.4 r129.4 123.8
III r135.6 160.2 r118.1 r164.1 r119.5 r121.0 r131.8 125.0
IV r135.2 160.6 r118.8 r165.8 r119.6 r122.6 r132.4 126.3
ANNUAL r134.8 159.1 r118.0 r163.2 r119.7 r121.0 r130.5 124.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r2.3 3.7 r1.3 0.6 r-2.8 -1.7 12.3 3.4
II r3.8 4.4 r0.5 r5.1 r1.9 r1.2 r7.6 3.6
III r1.7 4.0 r2.2 r5.8 r2.8 r4.0 r-1.7 1.8
IV r1.5 3.0 r1.5 r6.0 r1.7 r4.4 r2.0 3.5
ANNUAL 2.9 4.2 r1.2 3.8 r1.1 0.9 5.4 2.6
2005 I r2.3 3.7 r1.3 r1.9 r0.1 -0.4 10.2 3.6
II r0.1 3.2 r3.1 r1.4 r-1.4 1.3 3.0 2.0
III r4.3 4.8 r0.5 r6.3 r0.0 r2.0 r7.5 4.1
IV r-1.2 1.0 r2.2 r4.3 r0.2 r5.6 r1.7 4.1
ANNUAL 1.8 3.5 r1.7 r3.9 0.6 2.1 4.7 3.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I 4.2 4.9 r0.7 3.9 r2.0 -0.3 5.6 1.9
II r3.5 4.8 1.3 3.3 0.5 r-0.1 7.4 2.6
III r1.7 3.3 r1.5 r3.6 r0.9 1.9 r3.9 2.6
IV 2.4 3.8 1.4 4.3 0.9 1.9 4.9 3.0
ANNUAL 2.9 4.2 r1.2 3.8 r1.1 0.9 5.4 2.6
2005 I 2.4 3.8 r1.4 4.7 r1.6 2.3 4.4 3.1
II 1.4 3.5 2.0 3.8 0.8 2.3 3.3 2.7
III 2.1 3.7 r1.6 r3.9 r0.1 r1.8 r5.6 3.3
IV r1.3 3.1 r1.8 3.5 -0.2 2.1 5.6 3.4
ANNUAL 1.8 3.5 r1.7 r3.9 0.6 2.1 4.7 3.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Nonfarm business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r130.2 151.5 r116.4 r152.9 r117.3 r117.4 r123.7 119.7
II r131.7 153.4 r116.5 r154.9 r117.9 r117.6 r125.9 120.6
III r132.2 154.9 r117.1 r157.1 r118.7 r118.8 r125.8 121.4
IV r132.2 155.9 r117.9 r158.9 r118.9 r120.2 r126.4 122.5
ANNUAL r131.6 153.9 r116.9 r156.0 r118.2 r118.5 r125.5 121.1
2005 I r133.2 157.3 r118.1 r159.9 r119.1 r120.0 r129.9 123.7
II 133.4 158.4 118.8 r160.8 r118.9 r120.5 r130.8 124.3
III r134.7 160.3 r119.0 r163.2 r118.9 r121.1 r133.4 125.6
IV r134.2 160.8 r119.8 r164.7 r118.8 r122.7 r134.2 126.9
ANNUAL r133.9 159.2 r118.9 r162.1 r118.9 r121.1 r132.1 125.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r0.8 2.6 r1.8 r-0.2 r-3.5 -1.0 11.2 3.4
II r4.7 5.0 r0.3 r5.2 r2.1 0.5 r7.2 3.0
III r1.6 3.8 r2.3 r5.9 r2.9 r4.2 r-0.3 2.4
IV r0.0 2.6 r2.6 r4.8 r0.6 r4.8 r2.2 3.8
ANNUAL 2.8 4.1 1.3 r3.7 r1.0 0.9 4.9 2.4
2005 I r2.8 3.7 r0.9 r2.3 r0.6 -0.5 r11.3 3.9
II r0.7 2.9 r2.2 r2.3 r-0.5 1.6 3.0 2.2
III r3.9 4.8 r0.8 r6.0 r-0.2 r2.0 r8.0 4.3
IV r-1.5 1.3 r2.8 r3.8 -0.3 r5.3 r2.4 4.2
ANNUAL r1.7 3.4 r1.7 4.0 r0.6 2.2 r5.3 3.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I 4.0 4.8 0.8 3.8 1.9 -0.2 4.6 1.6
II 3.8 5.0 r1.1 3.4 r0.7 r-0.3 6.6 2.2
III r1.7 3.3 r1.6 r3.6 r0.8 1.9 r3.6 2.5
IV 1.8 3.5 1.7 3.9 0.5 2.1 5.0 3.2
ANNUAL 2.8 4.1 1.3 r3.7 r1.0 0.9 4.9 2.4
2005 I 2.3 3.8 r1.5 r4.5 r1.5 2.2 5.0 3.3
II 1.3 3.3 2.0 r3.8 0.9 2.5 3.9 3.1
III r1.8 3.5 r1.6 r3.9 r0.1 2.0 r6.0 3.5
IV 1.5 3.2 r1.7 3.6 -0.1 2.1 6.1 3.6
ANNUAL r1.7 3.4 r1.7 4.0 r0.6 2.2 r5.3 3.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, seasonally
adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r161.6 138.3 r85.6 r156.8 r120.3 97.0
II r163.0 138.9 r85.3 r159.9 r121.7 r98.1
III r164.3 139.9 r85.2 r163.7 r123.7 r99.7
IV r167.2 141.8 r84.8 r165.8 r124.0 r99.2
ANNUAL r164.0 139.7 r85.2 r161.5 r122.5 r98.5
2005 I r169.9 143.7 r84.6 r162.1 r120.7 r95.4
II r171.9 144.5 r84.0 r164.1 r121.4 r95.5
III r172.8 144.7 r83.7 r166.4 r121.2 r96.3
IV r172.9 146.5 r84.7 r165.4 r119.3 r95.6
ANNUAL r171.9 144.8 r84.3 r164.5 r120.7 95.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r-1.2 0.3 r1.5 -11.6 r-14.5 -10.5
II r3.4 1.7 r-1.6 r8.0 r4.8 4.4
III r3.3 2.9 r-0.3 r10.0 r6.9 6.5
IV r7.3 5.3 r-1.8 r5.2 1.0 -1.9
ANNUAL r2.3 1.7 -0.5 2.1 -0.6 -0.2
2005 I r6.7 5.7 r-1.0 r-8.7 r-10.3 -14.4
II r4.9 2.0 r-2.7 r5.2 r2.3 0.3
III r2.1 0.6 -1.5 r5.7 -0.5 3.5
IV r0.2 5.3 r5.1 r-2.6 r-6.3 -2.8
ANNUAL r4.8 3.7 r-1.1 r1.8 r-1.5 -2.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I r2.7 0.7 r-1.9 1.5 r-0.3 -1.2
II 2.3 1.7 r-0.6 r1.7 -1.1 -0.6
III 0.9 1.9 1.0 r2.7 -0.1 1.7
IV 3.1 2.5 r-0.6 2.5 r-0.8 -0.6
ANNUAL r2.3 1.7 -0.5 2.1 -0.6 -0.2
2005 I r5.1 3.9 r-1.2 3.4 0.4 -1.7
II r5.5 4.0 r-1.4 2.7 -0.2 -2.7
III r5.2 3.4 -1.8 r1.7 r-2.0 -3.4
IV r3.5 3.4 r-0.1 -0.3 r-3.8 -3.6
ANNUAL r4.8 3.7 r-1.1 r1.8 r-1.5 -2.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 4.
Durable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r184.5 164.6 r89.2 r152.3 r116.8 82.6
II r185.1 164.6 r88.9 r155.7 r118.5 r84.1
III r186.0 166.1 r89.3 r159.8 r120.8 r85.9
IV r189.5 168.5 r88.9 r161.3 r120.6 r85.1
ANNUAL r186.3 165.9 r89.1 r157.3 r119.2 r84.4
2005 I r192.5 171.4 r89.0 r158.1 r117.8 r82.1
II r195.0 172.6 r88.5 r159.6 r118.1 81.9
III r197.2 174.7 r88.6 r162.2 r118.1 r82.2
IV r199.8 179.4 r89.8 r160.8 r116.0 r80.5
ANNUAL r196.2 174.5 r89.0 r160.2 r117.5 81.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r-2.5 1.3 r3.9 r-18.6 r-21.3 -16.5
II r1.3 0.0 r-1.3 r9.2 r5.9 7.8
III 2.0 3.6 1.5 10.9 7.8 8.7
IV 7.6 5.9 r-1.6 r3.7 -0.4 -3.6
ANNUAL 1.7 2.3 r0.6 r0.3 -2.4 -1.4
2005 I r6.5 7.1 r0.5 r-7.6 r-9.2 r-13.3
II r5.4 3.0 r-2.2 r3.9 r1.0 r-1.3
III r4.7 4.9 r0.2 r6.4 r0.1 1.7
IV r5.3 11.2 r5.5 r-3.2 r-7.0 -8.2
ANNUAL r5.3 5.2 r-0.1 1.9 -1.4 -3.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I 2.9 1.8 -1.1 -0.5 -2.3 -3.4
II r2.1 2.5 r0.4 r0.0 r-2.7 -2.1
III -0.3 2.3 r2.6 1.0 -1.7 1.3
IV 2.0 2.7 r0.6 r0.6 r-2.7 -1.4
ANNUAL 1.7 2.3 r0.6 r0.3 -2.4 -1.4
2005 I r4.3 4.1 r-0.2 r3.8 r0.8 -0.5
II 5.4 4.9 r-0.5 r2.5 r-0.4 -2.7
III r6.0 5.2 r-0.8 r1.5 r-2.2 -4.3
IV 5.5 6.5 1.0 -0.3 -3.9 -5.4
ANNUAL r5.3 5.2 r-0.1 1.9 -1.4 -3.3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 5.
Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r138.5 111.0 r80.1 r163.8 r125.6 r118.3
II r140.7 112.1 r79.7 r166.1 r126.4 118.1
III r142.7 112.7 r79.0 r169.2 r127.9 r118.6
IV r145.1 114.0 r78.6 r172.5 r129.1 118.9
ANNUAL r141.7 112.4 r79.4 r167.9 r127.3 r118.5
2005 I r147.8 115.1 r77.9 r167.6 r124.8 r113.4
II r149.4 115.4 r77.2 r170.6 r126.2 r114.2
III 149.6 114.3 76.4 r172.3 125.5 115.2
IV r147.8 114.0 r77.2 r171.8 r123.9 r116.3
ANNUAL r148.6 114.7 r77.2 r170.6 r125.1 114.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r1.6 -0.8 r-2.4 r2.8 r-0.7 1.1
II r6.5 4.1 r-2.3 r5.8 r2.6 -0.6
III r5.8 2.3 r-3.3 r7.8 r4.8 1.9
IV r7.0 4.7 r-2.1 r8.0 r3.6 0.9
ANNUAL 3.6 1.2 r-2.4 r5.4 r2.6 1.7
2005 I r7.6 4.0 r-3.3 r-11.0 r-12.6 -17.3
II 4.6 0.9 -3.5 7.5 4.5 2.8
III r0.6 -3.9 r-4.5 r4.1 r-2.1 r3.5
IV r-4.9 -0.8 r4.3 r-1.3 r-5.1 3.9
ANNUAL 4.9 2.0 -2.8 1.6 r-1.7 -3.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I r2.8 -0.5 r-3.2 5.1 3.2 2.3
II r3.2 0.9 -2.1 4.7 1.9 1.5
III r3.4 1.7 r-1.7 r5.5 r2.7 2.0
IV 5.2 2.6 -2.5 6.1 2.6 0.8
ANNUAL 3.6 1.2 r-2.4 r5.4 r2.6 1.7
2005 I r6.7 3.8 r-2.8 r2.3 r-0.6 -4.1
II r6.2 3.0 -3.1 r2.7 r-0.2 -3.3
III r4.9 1.4 -3.4 r1.8 r-1.9 -2.9
IV 1.8 0.0 -1.8 r-0.4 -4.0 -2.2
ANNUAL 4.9 2.0 -2.8 1.6 r-1.7 -3.1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 6.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Output Hourly Real Unit Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- hourly Unit non- unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation compen- labor labor costs fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) sation(2) costs costs(6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2004 I r137.4 159.4 r116.0 r150.9 r115.7 109.8 109.5 109.7 135.2 112.0
II r139.1 161.6 r116.2 r152.9 r116.4 109.9 109.3 109.8 145.7 113.0
III r141.3 164.8 r116.6 r155.2 r117.3 109.9 109.0 109.6 150.3 113.3
IV r140.8 165.1 r117.2 r157.0 r117.5 111.5 109.3 110.9 147.9 114.2
ANNUAL r139.7 162.7 r116.5 r154.0 r116.8 110.3 109.3 110.0 144.8 113.1
2005 I r141.9 166.6 r117.4 r157.8 r117.5 111.2 111.2 111.2 155.7 115.2
II 144.0 170.2 118.2 158.6 117.3 110.2 111.2 110.4 166.5 115.5
III r143.0 169.9 r118.8 r160.8 r117.1 112.4 115.5 113.3 152.0 116.7
IV r144.9 173.4 r119.7 r161.2 r116.3 111.3 113.0 111.7 177.2 117.6
ANNUAL r143.4 170.0 r118.5 r159.6 r117.1 111.3 112.7 111.7 163.0 116.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2004 I r2.2 4.9 r2.6 -2.9 -6.1 -5.1 -1.6 -4.1 73.5 1.8
II r4.9 5.6 r0.6 r5.4 r2.2 0.5 -0.9 0.1 35.0 3.5
III r6.4 8.1 r1.6 r6.1 r3.2 -0.2 -1.3 -0.5 13.3 1.0
IV r-1.3 0.8 r2.1 r4.8 r0.6 6.1 1.3 4.8 -6.3 3.4
ANNUAL 3.7 5.1 1.3 3.0 0.3 -0.7 -1.6 -0.9 31.8 2.0
2005 I r3.0 3.7 r0.7 r2.0 r0.3 -0.9 7.1 1.2 23.0 3.5
II r6.1 8.9 r2.6 r2.1 r-0.7 -3.8 -0.1 -2.8 30.8 0.9
III r-2.7 -0.6 r2.2 r5.5 r-0.7 8.4 16.7 10.6 -30.6 4.5
IV r5.4 8.4 r2.8 r1.2 r-2.8 -4.1 -8.7 -5.3 84.8 2.9
ANNUAL r2.7 4.5 1.7 r3.6 r0.3 0.9 3.2 1.5 12.5 2.8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2004 I 4.0 4.7 0.6 3.2 1.3 -0.8 -2.7 -1.3 31.3 1.4
II r4.0 5.2 1.2 2.7 r0.0 -1.2 -1.5 -1.3 37.8 2.1
III r4.0 5.7 r1.6 r2.9 r0.2 -1.0 -1.6 -1.2 33.3 2.0
IV 3.0 4.8 1.7 3.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.6 0.0 25.6 2.4
ANNUAL 3.7 5.1 1.3 3.0 0.3 -0.7 -1.6 -0.9 31.8 2.0
2005 I r3.2 4.5 r1.2 r4.6 r1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 15.2 2.9
II r3.5 5.3 1.7 3.8 r0.8 0.2 1.7 0.6 14.3 2.2
III r1.2 3.1 r1.9 r3.6 r-0.2 2.3 6.0 3.3 1.1 3.1
IV 2.9 5.0 2.1 2.7 -1.0 -0.2 3.3 0.7 19.8 2.9
ANNUAL r2.7 4.5 1.7 r3.6 r0.3 0.9 3.2 1.5 12.5 2.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 5, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
