Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-0401
8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, March 7, 2012
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Fourth Quarter and Annual Averages 2011, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 0.9 percent
annual rate during the fourth quarter of 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The gain in productivity reflects increases of
3.7 percent in output and 2.7 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly
percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
From the fourth quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2011,
productivity grew 0.3 percent, as output rose 2.3 percent and hours rose
1.9 percent. (See table A.) Annual average productivity increased 0.4
percent from 2010 to 2011. (See table C.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index
of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The measures released
today were based on more recent source data than were available for the
preliminary report.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 2.8 percent in the fourth
quarter of 2011, as productivity grew at a slower rate (+0.9 percent) than
hourly compensation (+3.7 percent). Unit labor costs rose 3.1 percent over
the last four quarters. (See table A.) Annual average unit labor costs
increased 2.0 percent from 2010 to 2011. (See table C.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data in this release reflect the annual benchmark revision of BLS Current
Employment Statistics program data on nonfarm employee hours, and revised
seasonal adjustment of those data. More detail can be found in tables 1
through 6 and appendix tables 1 through 6. See Revised measures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing sector productivity edged down 0.1 percent in the
fourth quarter of 2011, as output rose 4.8 percent and hours worked
increased 4.9 percent; this is the largest quarterly gain in hours
worked since the second quarter of 1996 (6.2 percent). Over the
last four quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 1.7
percent. Annual average productivity grew 2.6 percent from 2010 to
2011. Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 2.0 percent in
the fourth quarter of 2011 but were unchanged from the same quarter
a year ago. (See tables A, C and 3.)
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the
manufacturing output series differ from those used in preparing the
business and nonfarm business output series, and these measures are
not directly comparable. See Technical Notes for further
information on data sources.
Revised measures
Quarterly and annual measures of hours and related series--including
productivity--for all sectors were revised back to 2007 to
incorporate the annual benchmark adjustment and updated information
on seasonal trends from the BLS nonfarm payroll series. Third
quarter, fourth quarter, and annual average data for 2011 were also
revised for regular updates of source data on output and
compensation. Revised and previous measures for the third and
fourth quarters of 2011 are shown in table B for the business,
nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors. Revised annual average
measures for 2007 to 2011 are shown in table C for the nonfarm
business and manufacturing sectors. Revised third quarter measures
for the nonfinancial corporate sector are shown in table D.
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors appear in tables 1-6 for
2009 through 2011, and in appendix tables 1-6 for 2007 and 2008.
Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the
labor productivity and costs home page at
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
In the fourth quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity growth
was 0.9 percent, reflecting an upward revision to output combined
with a downward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs rose 2.8
percent, due to an upward revision to hourly compensation.
Manufacturing productivity decreased less than the preliminary
estimate, edging down 0.1 percent during the quarter. (See table
B.)
In the third quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity growth
was little changed, at 1.8 percent. However, unit labor costs
increased 3.9 percent rather than falling 2.1 percent as reported
February 2, due to a 6.0 percentage point upward revision to hourly
compensation and the slight downward revision to productivity. In
the manufacturing sector, productivity grew slightly less than
previously reported. Unit labor costs fell less than previously
reported due primarily to a large upward revision to hourly
compensation. (See table D).
Annual Average productivity growth for 2011 in both the nonfarm
business and manufacturing sectors was slightly less than
previously reported, due to upward revisions to hours worked;
output increased at the same rates reported February 2. The 0.4
percent increase in nonfarm business productivity was the smallest
annual gain in the series since a 0.4 percent gain in 1995. In both
the nonfarm business and manufacturing sectors, unit labor costs
were revised upward for 2011; this was due both to upward revisions
to hourly compensation and downward revisions to productivity. Unit
labor costs rose 2.0 percent in the nonfarm business sector and
declined 0.8 percent in the manufacturing sector. Real hourly
compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices,
decreased 0.7 percent in 2011 in the nonfarm business sector. This
is the largest annual decline in the measure since a 1.7 percent
decline in 1989. (See table C.)
_____________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for first-
quarter 2012 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, May 3, 2012
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Revised fourth-quarter 2011 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.1 -0.1 1.7 0.8 3.3 0.5 1.1
Output 3.7 2.3 3.7 2.1 4.8 4.5 8.5 7.9 1.2 1.1
Hours 2.7 1.9 2.8 2.0 4.9 2.7 7.6 4.4 0.7 0.0
Hourly compensation 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.5 1.9 1.7 0.6 1.0 3.8 2.6
Real hourly
compensation 2.8 0.2 2.8 0.1 1.0 -1.6 -0.3 -2.2 2.8 -0.7
Unit labor costs 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.0 0.0 -0.2 -2.2 3.3 1.5
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: fourth quarter and third quarter 2011
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2011
Productivity 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.6 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 0.5 1.3
Output 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 4.8 3.8 8.5 6.3 1.2 1.5
Hours 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 4.9 4.2 7.6 6.7 0.7 0.2
Hourly
compensation 3.7 1.9 3.8 2.0 1.9 1.2 0.6 0.2 3.8 2.7
Real hourly
compensation 2.8 1.0 2.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 2.8 1.7
Unit labor
costs 2.8 1.2 2.8 1.4 2.0 1.6 -0.2 0.6 3.3 1.4
Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2011
Productivity 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.5 5.2 5.3 8.6 8.7 1.5 1.6
Output 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 4.9 5.0 7.6 7.8 2.2 2.3
Hours 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 0.7 0.6
Hourly
compensation 5.7 -0.3 5.3 -0.6 3.2 -0.6 4.0 -0.2 1.9 -1.2
Real hourly
compensation 2.6 -3.2 2.2 -3.5 0.2 -3.5 0.9 -3.1 -1.1 -4.1
Unit labor
costs 3.9 -2.1 3.8 -2.1 -1.9 -5.6 -4.3 -8.2 0.5 -2.8
======================================================================================================
Table C. Annual average changes in productivity and related measures, 2007-2011
Sector Nonfarm Business Manufacturing
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 | 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
--------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------
|
Productivity 1.5 0.6 2.3 4.0 0.4 | 3.9 -0.5 0.5 6.0 2.6
Output 2.1 -1.5 -5.1 4.0 2.4 | 2.2 -4.4 -12.5 6.0 4.9
Hours 0.5 -2.1 -7.2 0.0 2.0 | -1.7 -4.0 -13.0 0.0 2.2
Hourly |
compensation 4.0 3.4 1.7 1.9 2.5 | 3.2 4.3 4.6 1.6 1.8
Real hourly |
compensation 1.1 -0.4 2.1 0.3 -0.7 | 0.4 0.4 5.0 -0.1 -1.3
Unit labor |
costs 2.4 2.8 -0.7 -2.0 2.0 | -0.7 4.8 4.0 -4.2 -0.8
|
======================================================================================================
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised third-quarter 2011 productivity and cost measures
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, third quarter 2011
Revised -2.8 -0.8 2.0 0.2 -2.8 3.0 7.7 3.8
Previous -2.6 -0.8 1.9 0.3 -2.7 3.0 7.7 3.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include
hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary workers, the
self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and
employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which
provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid
hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly
paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this
purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology
estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory
workers using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES,
and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of
the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more
establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features
measures of employment that count each person only once and classify each
person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that
person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more
detailed information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all
other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed
information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct
industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following
outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households
(including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in
labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of
GDP in 2010. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74
percent of GDP in 2010.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and
other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and
intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures
are based on the index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with
annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables
include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing;
nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing;
fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing; computer and
electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance
manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related
product manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include:
food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills;
textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product
manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities;
petroleum and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and
plastics and rubber products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding
companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and
insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 48 percent of
the value of GDP in 2010.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between
real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per
hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons
engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor,
capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint
effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private households
are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to derive employee
compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors
cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in
the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not
contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe
the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity, or real
output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on
producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor
productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor
costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in
three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the
previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data are
presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous
year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and
costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in
this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site,
www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector
Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 0.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.3 r 2.7 r 2.5 r
2011 IV 1.0 r 3.7 r 2.8 r 3.8 r 2.8 r 2.8 r -2.5 r 0.5 r
III 1.5 2.7 1.2 r 5.3 r 2.2 r 3.8 r 0.9 r 2.6
II -0.1 r 1.7 1.8 r -0.1 r -4.0 r 0.1 6.8 2.9
I -1.8 r 0.3 2.1 r 4.9 r -0.3 r 6.8 -2.1 r 2.9
2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 3.9 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 6.1 1.3
2010 IV 1.3 r 3.2 1.9 r -0.1 r -2.7 r -1.3 7.3 2.2
III 2.3 r 3.7 1.4 r 1.9 r 0.4 r -0.4 r 3.2 1.1
II 1.2 r 4.7 3.5 r 2.5 r 3.0 r 1.3 r 2.8 1.9
I 4.2 r 5.1 0.9 r 1.1 r -0.1 r -2.9 9.1 r 1.8
2009 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.9 -7.2 r 1.7 r 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7
2009 IV 5.1 r 5.0 -0.1 r 1.0 r -1.8 r -3.9 9.0 1.1
III 6.9 r 1.8 -4.8 r 2.5 r -1.1 r -4.1 r 7.3 0.3
II 8.4 r -1.0 -8.7 r 7.0 r 5.0 r -1.3 -1.0 -1.2
I 1.4 r -8.5 -9.8 -2.7 -0.4 -4.1 10.5 1.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 0.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.3 r 2.7 r 2.5 r
2011 IV 0.1 r 2.1 r 2.0 r 3.5 r 0.1 r 3.3 r 0.7 r 2.2 r
III 0.2 r 2.0 1.8 r 2.5 r -1.2 r 2.3 r 3.1 r 2.6
II 0.4 r 2.2 1.8 r 1.6 r -1.7 r 1.2 r 3.7 2.3
I 0.7 r 3.0 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.1 r 1.5 r 2.8 r 2.0
2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 3.9 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 6.1 1.3
2010 IV 2.2 r 4.2 1.9 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -0.9 r 5.6 r 1.8
III 3.2 r 4.6 1.4 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -1.5 6.0 1.5
II 4.3 r 4.1 -0.2 r 1.8 r 0.0 r -2.4 7.0 1.3
I 6.1 r 2.7 -3.3 2.9 0.5 -3.1 6.0 0.5
2009 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.9 -7.2 r 1.7 r 2.0 -0.8 3.1 0.7
2009 IV 5.4 -0.8 -5.9 1.9 0.4 -3.3 6.3 0.4
III 3.3 -5.1 -8.1 2.1 r 3.8 r -1.2 1.8 0.0
II 1.4 r -6.8 -8.1 r 2.3 r 3.3 r 0.9 0.5 0.8
I -0.1 -6.5 -6.5 r 0.4 r 0.5 0.4 3.9 r 1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 110.1 r 104.7 r 95.1 r 118.5 r 102.9 r 107.6 r 119.5 r 112.3 r
2011 IV 110.7 r 106.1 r 95.9 r 120.1 r 103.4 r 108.5 r 119.4 r 112.8 r
III 110.4 r 105.1 95.2 r 119.0 r 102.7 r 107.8 r 120.1 r 112.7
II 110.0 r 104.4 94.9 r 117.5 r 102.1 r 106.8 r 119.9 r 111.9
I 110.1 r 104.0 94.5 r 117.5 r 103.2 r 106.8 r 117.9 r 111.2
2010 ANNUAL 109.9 r 102.5 93.3 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.2 r 116.3 r 109.6
2010 IV 110.5 r 103.9 94.0 r 116.1 r 103.3 r 105.0 r 118.5 r 110.4
III 110.2 r 103.1 93.5 r 116.1 r 104.0 r 105.4 r 116.5 r 109.7
II 109.6 r 102.1 93.2 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.5 r 115.5 r 109.4
I 109.3 r 101.0 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.1 r 114.7 r 108.9
2009 ANNUAL 105.7 r 98.7 93.3 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.4 r 109.6 r 108.3
2009 IV 108.1 r 99.7 92.2 r 114.6 r 103.1 r 105.9 r 112.3 r 108.4
III 106.8 r 98.5 92.2 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 107.0 r 109.9 r 108.1
II 105.0 r 98.1 93.4 r 113.6 r 103.9 r 108.1 r 108.0 r 108.1
I 102.9 r 98.3 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.5 r 108.2 r 108.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.0 r 2.2 r 2.1
2011 IV 0.9 r 3.7 r 2.7 r 3.7 r 2.8 r 2.8 r -1.9 r 0.8 r
III 1.8 r 2.8 1.0 r 5.7 r 2.6 r 3.9 r 0.5 r 2.5
II -0.3 r 1.8 2.2 r -0.5 r -4.4 r -0.1 6.7 2.7
I -1.0 r 0.9 1.9 r 5.1 r -0.2 r 6.2 -3.1 2.2
2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 4.0 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 5.7 1.1
2010 IV 1.8 r 3.8 1.9 r 0.1 r -2.5 r -1.7 r 6.5 r 1.7
III 1.8 r 3.5 1.7 r 1.6 r 0.2 r -0.2 2.0 0.7
II 1.2 4.6 3.3 r 2.6 3.2 r 1.4 3.0 2.0
I 4.5 r 5.2 0.6 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -3.1 8.8 1.6
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.7 r 2.1 r -0.7 3.8 1.1
2009 IV 5.3 r 5.6 0.2 r 1.0 r -1.7 r -4.1 7.7 0.5
III 6.4 r 1.4 -4.7 r 2.2 r -1.4 r -4.0 r 8.1 0.6
II 8.3 r -1.1 -8.7 r 7.1 r 5.1 r -1.1 r -1.3 -1.2
I 1.3 -8.7 -9.9 -2.8 r -0.5 r -4.0 12.2 r 2.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.4 2.0 r 2.5 r -0.7 r 2.0 r 2.2 r 2.1
2011 IV 0.3 r 2.3 1.9 r 3.5 r 0.2 r 3.1 r 0.5 r 2.0 r
III 0.5 r 2.3 1.8 r 2.6 r -1.2 r 2.0 r 2.6 r 2.2
II 0.6 r 2.5 1.9 r 1.6 r -1.7 r 1.0 2.9 1.8
I 0.9 r 3.2 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.1 r 1.4 2.0 1.7
2010 ANNUAL 4.0 r 4.0 0.0 r 1.9 r 0.3 r -2.0 5.7 1.1
2010 IV 2.3 r 4.3 1.9 r 1.4 r 0.2 r -0.9 5.0 1.5
III 3.2 r 4.7 1.5 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -1.5 5.4 r 1.2
II 4.4 4.2 -0.2 r 1.8 r 0.0 r -2.5 6.9 1.2
I 6.1 r 2.7 -3.2 2.9 0.5 -3.1 5.7 0.4
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 -5.1 -7.2 1.7 r 2.1 r -0.7 3.8 1.1
2009 IV 5.3 -0.9 -5.9 1.8 0.3 -3.3 6.5 0.5
III 3.1 r -5.5 -8.3 r 2.1 3.8 r -0.9 2.5 0.4
II 1.3 r -7.1 -8.2 2.4 3.4 1.1 1.2 1.2
I -0.1 r -6.7 -6.6 r 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.0 2.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 110.2 r 104.8 r 95.1 r 118.6 r 102.9 r 107.6 r 118.6 r 111.9 r
2011 IV 110.8 r 106.2 r 95.8 r 120.2 r 103.4 r 108.4 r 118.6 r 112.4 r
III 110.6 r 105.2 95.2 r 119.1 r 102.7 r 107.7 r 119.1 r 112.2
II 110.1 r 104.5 94.9 r 117.4 r 102.1 r 106.7 r 119.0 r 111.5
I 110.2 r 104.0 94.4 r 117.6 r 103.2 r 106.7 r 117.1 r 110.8
2010 ANNUAL 109.8 r 102.4 93.3 r 115.7 r 103.6 r 105.4 r 116.1 r 109.6
2010 IV 110.5 r 103.8 94.0 r 116.1 r 103.3 r 105.1 r 118.0 r 110.2
III 110.0 r 102.9 93.5 r 116.1 r 103.9 r 105.6 r 116.2 r 109.7
II 109.5 r 102.0 93.1 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.6 r 115.6 r 109.5
I 109.1 r 100.8 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.3 r 114.7 r 109.0
2009 ANNUAL 105.5 r 98.5 93.3 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.5 r 109.8 r 108.4
2009 IV 107.9 r 99.6 92.3 r 114.5 r 103.1 r 106.1 r 112.3 r 108.5
III 106.5 r 98.2 92.2 r 114.2 r 103.5 r 107.2 r 110.3 r 108.4
II 104.9 r 97.9 93.3 r 113.6 r 103.9 r 108.3 r 108.1 r 108.2
I 102.8 r 98.2 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.6 r 108.5 r 108.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.9 2.2 r 1.8 r -1.3 r -0.8 r
2011 IV -0.1 r 4.8 r 4.9 r 1.9 r 1.0 r 2.0 r
III 5.2 r 4.9 r -0.3 3.2 r 0.2 r -1.9 r
II -2.0 r 0.6 2.7 -2.1 -5.9 r 0.0
I 4.0 r 7.8 3.7 r 3.8 r -1.4 r -0.2
2010 ANNUAL 6.0 r 6.0 0.0 1.6 -0.1 r -4.2
2010 IV 4.7 r 3.8 -0.8 r 2.0 r -0.6 r -2.5
III 1.6 r 5.6 4.0 r 1.1 r -0.3 r -0.5
II 5.7 r 9.2 3.3 r 4.3 r 4.8 r -1.3
I 4.8 r 7.8 2.9 r -2.6 r -3.8 r -7.1
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.6 r 5.0 r 4.0
2009 IV 6.9 r 6.5 -0.4 r 2.8 r 0.0 r -3.9
III 12.7 r 7.5 -4.6 r 1.1 r -2.5 r -10.3
II 6.9 r -10.1 -15.9 r 8.5 r 6.5 r 1.5
I -1.2 r -21.1 -20.1 r 0.7 r 3.1 r 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 2.6 r 4.9 2.2 r 1.8 r -1.3 r -0.8 r
2011 IV 1.7 4.5 r 2.7 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 0.0 r
III 2.9 r 4.2 r 1.3 r 1.7 r -2.0 r -1.2 r
II 2.0 r 4.4 2.4 r 1.2 r -2.1 r -0.8
I 3.9 r 6.6 2.5 r 2.8 r 0.6 r -1.1
2010 ANNUAL 6.0 r 6.0 0.0 1.6 -0.1 r -4.2
2010 IV 4.2 6.6 2.3 1.2 0.0 -2.9
III 4.7 r 7.3 2.4 r 1.3 r 0.1 r -3.2
II 7.5 7.7 0.2 1.3 r -0.4 -5.7
I 7.8 2.6 -4.8 2.4 0.0 -5.0
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -12.5 -13.0 4.6 r 5.0 r 4.0
2009 IV 6.2 -5.1 -10.6 3.2 1.7 -2.8
III 2.7 -11.9 -14.2 4.8 6.6 2.0
II -1.5 r -16.5 -15.2 r 6.0 r 7.0 r 7.6
I -4.7 r -16.0 -11.8 4.1 r 4.3 r 9.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 114.2 r 96.6 r 84.6 r 118.8 r 103.1 r 104.0 r
2011 IV 114.7 r 98.0 r 85.4 r 119.5 r 102.9 r 104.2 r
III 114.8 r 96.9 r 84.4 r 118.9 r 102.6 r 103.6 r
II 113.3 r 95.7 84.5 r 118.0 r 102.6 r 104.1 r
I 113.9 r 95.6 83.9 r 118.6 r 104.2 r 104.1 r
2010 ANNUAL 111.3 r 92.0 82.7 r 116.6 r 104.4 r 104.8
2010 IV 112.8 r 93.8 83.2 r 117.5 r 104.5 r 104.2 r
III 111.5 r 92.9 83.3 r 116.9 r 104.7 r 104.8 r
II 111.1 r 91.7 82.5 r 116.6 r 104.8 r 105.0 r
I 109.6 r 89.7 81.9 r 115.4 r 103.6 r 105.3 r
2009 ANNUAL 104.9 r 86.8 82.7 r 114.8 r 104.5 r 109.4 r
2009 IV 108.3 r 88.0 81.3 r 116.2 r 104.6 r 107.3 r
III 106.5 r 86.7 81.4 r 115.4 r 104.6 r 108.3 r
II 103.4 r 85.1 82.3 r 115.1 r 105.2 r 111.3 r
I 101.7 r 87.4 86.0 r 112.7 r 103.6 r 110.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 4.1 r 8.2 r 3.9 1.4 r -1.7 r -2.6 r
2011 IV 0.8 r 8.5 r 7.6 r 0.6 r -0.3 r -0.2 r
III 8.6 r 7.6 r -0.9 4.0 r 0.9 r -4.3 r
II -2.5 r 2.0 4.6 r -4.5 r -8.2 r -2.1
I 6.7 r 13.7 6.6 r 4.2 r -1.0 r -2.3
2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.5 r -5.2
2010 IV 5.1 r 5.7 0.5 r 2.0 r -0.7 r -3.0
III 1.4 r 8.3 6.8 r -1.2 r -2.6 r -2.5
II 11.9 r 14.5 2.3 r 7.7 r 8.3 r -3.7
I 6.4 r 10.2 3.6 r -2.9 r -4.1 r -8.7
2009 ANNUAL -4.5 r -19.3 -15.5 5.8 r 6.2 r 10.8
2009 IV 5.8 r 5.9 0.1 r 3.3 r 0.5 r -2.3
III 17.7 r 10.3 -6.3 r 0.6 r -2.9 r -14.5
II 2.6 r -18.8 -20.9 r 12.2 r 10.1 r 9.3
I -9.8 r -31.2 -23.8 r 3.4 r 5.9 r 14.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 4.1 r 8.2 r 3.9 1.4 r -1.7 r -2.6 r
2011 IV 3.3 r 7.9 r 4.4 r 1.0 r -2.2 r -2.2 r
III 4.4 7.2 2.6 r 1.4 r -2.3 r -2.9 r
II 2.6 r 7.3 4.6 r 0.1 r -3.2 r -2.5
I 6.2 10.5 4.0 3.1 r 0.9 r -2.9
2010 ANNUAL 7.7 7.6 -0.1 2.1 0.5 r -5.2
2010 IV 6.2 r 9.6 3.3 r 1.3 0.1 -4.5
III 6.3 9.7 3.2 1.7 0.5 r -4.4
II 10.4 10.2 -0.2 2.1 0.3 -7.5
I 8.0 1.1 -6.4 3.2 0.8 -4.5
2009 ANNUAL -4.5 r -19.3 -15.5 5.8 r 6.2 r 10.8
2009 IV 3.6 -10.1 -13.3 4.8 3.3 1.1
III -2.5 -18.9 -16.8 5.9 7.7 8.7
II -7.6 r -24.4 -18.2 r 7.5 r 8.6 r 16.4
I -10.4 r -22.5 -13.5 r 4.7 r 4.9 r 16.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 113.5 r 94.5 r 83.2 r 119.8 r 104.0 r 105.5 r
2011 IV 114.7 r 96.9 r 84.5 r 120.2 r 103.5 r 104.8 r
III 114.5 r 95.0 r 83.0 r 120.0 r 103.5 r 104.8 r
II 112.1 r 93.2 83.2 r 118.8 r 103.3 r 106.0 r
I 112.8 r 92.8 82.2 r 120.2 r 105.5 r 106.5 r
2010 ANNUAL 109.0 r 87.3 80.1 r 118.1 r 105.8 r 108.3 r
2010 IV 111.0 r 89.8 80.9 r 119.0 r 105.8 r 107.1
III 109.6 r 88.6 80.8 r 118.4 r 106.0 r 108.0 r
II 109.3 r 86.9 79.5 r 118.7 r 106.7 r 108.7 r
I 106.2 84.0 79.0 116.5 104.6 109.7
2009 ANNUAL 101.2 r 81.2 80.2 r 115.7 r 105.3 r 114.3
2009 IV 104.6 r 82.0 78.4 r 117.4 r 105.7 r 112.2 r
III 103.1 r 80.8 78.3 r 116.4 r 105.5 r 112.9 r
II 99.0 r 78.8 79.6 r 116.2 r 106.3 r 117.4 r
I 98.4 r 83.0 84.4 r 112.9 r 103.8 r 114.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 ANNUAL 2.1 r 1.7 -0.4 r 2.3 r -0.9 0.2 r
2011 IV 0.5 r 1.2 r 0.7 r 3.8 r 2.8 r 3.3 r
III 1.5 r 2.2 r 0.7 r 1.9 r -1.1 r 0.5 r
II -0.5 r -0.9 -0.4 r 2.3 r -1.7 r 2.7
I 2.9 r 2.1 -0.8 r 2.3 r -2.8 r -0.6
2010 ANNUAL 3.7 r 3.9 0.2 r 0.6 r -1.0 r -3.0
2010 IV 4.9 r 2.0 -2.8 r 1.8 r -0.9 r -3.0
III 3.2 r 2.8 -0.4 r 4.6 r 3.2 r 1.4
II -0.9 r 4.0 4.9 r -1.4 r -0.9 r -0.5
I 3.5 r 5.4 1.9 r -2.3 r -3.5 r -5.6
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.3 r 0.5
2009 IV 7.5 r 6.2 -1.2 r 1.7 r -1.1 r -5.4
III 5.0 r 3.0 -1.9 r 2.3 r -1.3 r -2.6
II 4.9 r -2.5 -7.0 r 3.3 r 1.4 r -1.5
I 2.8 -11.2 -13.5 r -3.4 r -1.1 r -6.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 ANNUAL 2.1 r 1.7 -0.4 r 2.3 r -0.9 0.2 r
2011 IV 1.1 r 1.1 r 0.0 r 2.6 r -0.7 r 1.5 r
III 2.2 r 1.3 r -0.9 r 2.1 r -1.6 r -0.1 r
II 2.6 r 1.5 -1.1 r 2.7 r -0.6 r 0.1
I 2.5 r 2.7 0.2 r 1.8 r -0.4 r -0.7
2010 ANNUAL 3.7 r 3.9 0.2 r 0.6 r -1.0 r -3.0
2010 IV 2.7 r 3.5 0.9 r 0.6 r -0.6 r -2.0
III 3.3 r 4.6 1.3 r 0.6 r -0.6 r -2.6
II 3.7 r 4.6 0.9 r 0.0 r -1.7 -3.6
I 5.2 3.0 -2.1 1.2 -1.1 -3.8
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -6.6 -8.7 2.9 3.3 r 0.5
2009 IV 5.0 -1.3 -6.1 r 0.9 -0.5 -3.9
III 4.5 -5.8 -9.8 3.5 5.2 -1.0
II 1.1 r -9.1 -10.0 r 3.9 r 4.9 r 2.8
I -1.0 -9.7 -8.9 r 3.3 3.5 r 4.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 ANNUAL 110.7 r 96.2 r 86.9 r 117.2 r 101.7 r 105.9 r
2011 IV 110.9 r 96.6 r 87.1 r 118.5 r 102.0 r 106.8 r
III 110.8 r 96.3 r 87.0 r 117.4 r 101.3 r 105.9 r
II 110.4 r 95.8 86.8 r 116.8 r 101.6 r 105.8 r
I 110.5 r 96.0 86.9 r 116.2 r 102.0 r 105.1 r
2010 ANNUAL 108.4 r 94.6 87.3 r 114.6 r 102.6 r 105.7 r
2010 IV 109.7 r 95.5 87.1 r 115.5 r 102.7 r 105.3 r
III 108.4 r 95.1 87.7 r 115.0 r 103.0 r 106.1 r
II 107.6 r 94.4 87.8 r 113.7 r 102.2 r 105.7 r
I 107.8 r 93.5 86.7 r 114.1 r 102.4 r 105.9 r
2009 ANNUAL 104.5 r 91.1 87.2 r 113.9 r 103.6 r 109.0
2009 IV 106.9 r 92.3 86.3 r 114.8 r 103.3 r 107.4
III 105.0 r 90.9 86.6 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 108.9 r
II 103.7 r 90.2 87.0 r 113.7 r 104.0 r 109.6 r
I 102.5 r 90.8 88.6 r 112.7 r 103.6 r 110.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 III -2.8 r -0.8 2.0 r 0.2 r -2.8 r 3.0 3.5 3.1 7.7 3.8
II 2.9 r 6.1 3.1 r 0.5 r -3.4 r -2.3 -1.8 -2.2 28.9 1.8
I 1.8 r 4.5 2.6 r 4.0 r -1.2 r 2.2 0.7 1.7 3.7 2.0
2010 ANNUAL 4.7 r 4.9 0.2 r 1.8 r 0.2 r -2.7 -9.2 -4.6 41.3 -0.1
2010 IV -3.7 r -1.5 2.3 r -0.8 r -3.4 r 3.0 1.9 2.7 -0.7 2.2
III -0.5 r 2.1 2.6 r 2.3 r 0.9 r 2.9 -4.4 0.8 13.5 2.5
II -1.4 r 2.6 4.0 r 1.6 r 2.2 r 3.0 -7.5 -0.1 10.5 1.3
I 8.7 r 10.2 1.3 r 0.8 r -0.5 r -7.3 -14.7 -9.5 102.7 -0.1
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.1 r 2.5 r 1.5 6.5 3.0 -8.2 1.8
2009 IV 9.5 r 9.1 -0.4 r 1.4 r -1.3 r -7.4 -9.7 -8.1 75.4 -1.6
III 7.9 r 2.7 -4.8 r 2.8 r -0.9 r -4.8 -12.6 -7.1 54.4 -2.7
II 6.2 r -4.5 -10.1 r 7.9 r 5.9 r 1.6 -2.0 0.5 -27.2 -2.4
I -9.6 -20.0 -11.5 -6.3 -4.1 r 3.7 23.5 9.2 -28.5 4.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 III -0.5 r 2.0 2.5 r 1.0 r -2.7 r 1.4 1.0 1.3 9.3 2.4
II 0.1 r 2.8 2.6 r 1.5 r -1.8 r 1.4 -0.9 0.7 10.8 2.1
I -1.0 r 1.9 2.9 r 1.8 r -0.4 r 2.8 -2.4 1.3 6.6 2.0
2010 ANNUAL 4.7 r 4.9 0.2 r 1.8 r 0.2 r -2.7 -9.2 -4.6 41.3 -0.1
2010 IV 0.7 r 3.3 2.6 r 1.0 r -0.2 r 0.3 -6.4 -1.7 26.1 1.5
III 3.9 r 5.9 1.9 r 1.5 r 0.3 r -2.3 -9.2 -4.3 45.3 0.5
II 6.1 r 6.1 0.0 r 1.6 r -0.1 r -4.2 -11.2 -6.3 56.9 -0.8
I 8.1 4.2 -3.6 3.2 0.8 -4.5 -9.9 -6.1 41.4 -1.7
2009 ANNUAL 0.5 -7.4 -7.8 2.1 r 2.5 r 1.5 6.5 3.0 -8.2 1.8
2009 IV 3.2 -3.8 -6.8 1.3 -0.2 r -1.8 -1.1 -1.6 8.9 -0.5
III 0.0 -8.8 -8.8 2.5 4.2 r 2.5 6.2 3.6 -18.1 1.0
II 0.0 r -8.8 -8.8 r 2.9 3.9 2.9 10.0 4.9 -15.2 2.8
I -1.1 r -8.0 -6.9 1.5 1.7 r 2.7 11.4 5.1 -7.0 3.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 III 107.8 r 103.0 95.5 r 117.2 r 101.1 r 108.7 109.8 109.0 132.8 112.0
II 108.6 r 103.2 95.0 r 117.1 r 101.8 r 107.9 108.8 108.1 130.4 111.0
I 107.8 r 101.7 94.3 r 117.0 r 102.7 r 108.5 109.3 108.7 122.4 110.5
2010 ANNUAL 108.2 r 100.4 92.8 r 115.6 r 103.5 r 106.8 109.9 107.6 118.8 109.0
2010 IV 107.3 r 100.6 93.7 r 115.8 r 103.0 r 107.9 109.1 108.3 121.2 109.9
III 108.3 r 100.9 93.2 r 116.1 r 103.9 r 107.1 108.6 107.6 121.5 109.3
II 108.5 r 100.4 92.6 r 115.4 r 103.7 r 106.4 109.9 107.3 117.7 108.6
I 108.9 r 99.8 91.7 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.6 112.0 107.4 114.8 108.3
2009 ANNUAL 103.4 r 95.8 92.6 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 109.7 121.0 112.8 84.1 109.2
2009 IV 106.6 r 97.4 91.4 r 114.7 r 103.3 r 107.6 116.6 110.1 96.2 108.3
III 104.2 r 95.3 91.4 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 109.7 119.6 112.4 83.6 108.8
II 102.3 r 94.7 92.6 r 113.5 r 103.8 r 111.0 123.7 114.5 75.0 109.5
I 100.7 r 95.8 95.1 r 111.4 r 102.4 r 110.6 124.3 114.4 81.2 110.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as
more complete information becomes available. The measures are first
published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions
appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.
In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a
quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the
initial value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95
percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this
measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the third quarter of
2011.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2010 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest
and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental
income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
average indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with
inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8
2008 IV -3.1 -12.0 -9.2 1.8 12.1 5.0 -8.6 -0.5
III -0.9 r -5.4 -4.5 r 3.3 r -2.9 r 4.3 2.2 r 3.5
II 2.5 r 0.2 -2.2 r -0.8 r -5.8 r -3.2 13.2 2.9
I -2.2 r -3.1 -1.0 r 5.6 r 0.9 r 8.0 -7.7 1.5
2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.0 0.5 4.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.6
2007 IV 1.5 r 1.3 -0.2 r 5.5 r 0.6 r 3.9 -2.7 1.2
III 4.8 3.1 -1.6 r 3.1 r 0.6 r -1.6 r 4.4 0.7
II 4.2 r 4.5 0.3 r 2.7 r -2.0 r -1.4 9.5 r 2.8
I -0.5 r -0.3 0.2 r 3.7 r -0.1 r 4.2 4.9 4.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 3.3 -0.5 2.6 0.6 1.8
2008 IV -1.0 -5.2 -4.3 2.4 0.9 3.4 -0.6 1.8
III 0.2 -1.8 -2.0 3.4 -1.8 3.2 0.9 2.3
II 1.6 0.4 -1.2 3.3 -1.0 1.7 1.5 1.6
I 2.0 r 1.4 -0.6 4.2 0.0 r 2.1 0.7 1.6
2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.0 0.5 4.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.6
2007 IV 2.5 2.1 -0.3 3.8 r -0.2 1.2 3.9 2.3
III 2.7 2.8 0.1 4.7 r 2.3 r 1.9 2.8 2.3
II 0.9 r 1.9 1.0 4.2 1.5 3.3 2.1 2.8
I -0.1 r 1.2 1.2 3.8 r 1.4 3.9 1.5 3.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 103.2 r 103.7 100.5 r 111.7 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 106.3 r 107.5
2008 IV 102.6 r 100.5 98.0 r 112.4 r 102.7 r 109.6 r 105.6 108.0
III 103.4 r 103.8 100.4 r 111.9 r 99.8 r 108.3 r 108.0 r 108.2
II 103.6 r 105.3 101.6 r 111.0 r 100.6 r 107.1 r 107.4 r 107.2
I 103.0 r 105.2 102.1 r 111.3 r 102.1 r 108.0 r 104.1 r 106.5
2007 ANNUAL 102.4 r 105.1 102.6 r 108.1 r 101.8 r 105.5 r 105.6 r 105.6
2007 IV 103.6 r 106.0 102.4 r 109.8 r 101.8 r 106.0 r 106.3 106.1
III 103.2 r 105.7 102.4 r 108.3 r 101.7 r 104.9 r 107.0 r 105.8
II 102.0 r 104.9 102.8 r 107.5 r 101.5 r 105.4 r 105.8 r 105.6
I 100.9 r 103.7 102.8 r 106.8 r 102.0 r 105.8 r 103.5 r 104.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Nonfarm business sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8
2008 IV -3.4 -12.7 -9.7 2.1 12.5 5.7 -7.8 0.2
III -0.8 r -5.2 -4.4 r 3.4 r -2.8 r 4.3 2.9 3.7
II 2.4 r 0.4 -2.0 r -1.1 r -6.1 r -3.4 r 14.3 3.1
I -2.6 r -3.6 -1.1 r 5.9 r 1.2 r 8.7 -9.0 1.5
2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.1 0.5 r 4.0 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.3
2007 IV 1.9 r 0.9 -1.0 r 6.4 r 1.5 r 4.3 r -3.8 1.0
III 4.8 r 3.4 -1.4 r 2.8 r 0.3 r -1.9 4.0 0.4
II 3.4 r 4.7 1.2 r 1.5 r -3.1 r -1.8 r 10.0 2.6
I -0.2 r -0.2 0.1 r 3.7 r -0.1 r 4.0 4.3 4.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL 0.6 -1.5 -2.1 3.4 -0.4 2.8 0.4 1.8
2008 IV -1.1 -5.4 -4.4 2.5 1.0 3.7 -0.3 2.1
III 0.2 r -1.9 -2.1 r 3.6 -1.6 3.4 0.7 2.3
II 1.6 0.2 -1.3 3.4 -0.8 1.8 1.0 1.5
I 1.9 1.3 -0.5 r 4.1 -0.1 r 2.2 0.0 1.4
2007 ANNUAL 1.5 2.1 0.5 r 4.0 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.3
2007 IV 2.5 2.2 -0.3 3.6 -0.4 1.1 3.5 2.0
III 2.7 r 3.0 0.3 4.4 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.0
II 0.9 2.1 1.1 r 4.0 1.3 3.1 1.6 r 2.5
I 0.2 1.2 1.0 4.1 1.6 r 3.9 1.0 2.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 103.1 r 103.7 100.6 r 111.6 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 105.8 r 107.3
2008 IV 102.5 r 100.4 98.0 r 112.4 r 102.7 r 109.7 r 105.4 r 108.0
III 103.4 r 103.9 100.5 r 111.9 r 99.7 r 108.2 r 107.6 108.0
II 103.6 r 105.3 101.7 r 110.9 r 100.5 r 107.1 r 106.8 r 107.0
I 103.0 r 105.2 102.2 r 111.2 r 102.1 r 108.0 r 103.3 r 106.2
2007 ANNUAL 102.5 r 105.3 102.7 r 107.9 r 101.6 r 105.3 105.4 r 105.4
2007 IV 103.6 r 106.2 102.5 r 109.7 r 101.7 r 105.8 r 105.8 r 105.8
III 103.2 r 105.9 102.7 r 108.0 r 101.4 r 104.7 r 106.8 r 105.5
II 101.9 r 105.1 103.1 r 107.2 r 101.3 r 105.2 r 105.8 r 105.4
I 101.1 r 103.9 102.7 r 106.8 r 102.1 r 105.7 r 103.3 r 104.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL -0.5 -4.4 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.8
2008 IV -6.4 r -21.0 -15.6 r 9.4 r 20.5 r 16.9
III -4.8 r -13.2 -8.8 r 5.6 r -0.8 r 10.9
II -6.3 r -7.8 -1.6 r 0.9 r -4.1 r 7.7
I 0.6 r -1.5 -2.1 r 5.4 r 0.7 r 4.7
2007 ANNUAL 3.9 2.2 -1.7 3.2 0.4 -0.7
2007 IV 5.2 r 0.6 -4.3 r 8.3 r 3.4 r 3.0
III 3.2 r 0.8 -2.3 r 0.6 r -1.9 r -2.5
II 3.8 r 4.7 0.9 r -1.2 r -5.8 r -4.9
I 4.7 r 4.2 -0.5 r 3.4 r -0.5 r -1.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL -0.5 -4.4 -4.0 4.3 0.4 4.8
2008 IV -4.3 r -11.2 -7.2 r 5.3 3.7 10.0
III -1.4 -5.6 -4.2 r 5.0 -0.2 6.6
II 0.6 -2.0 -2.6 3.8 -0.5 3.2
I 3.2 1.2 -2.0 3.2 -0.9 r 0.0
2007 ANNUAL 3.9 2.2 -1.7 3.2 0.4 -0.7
2007 IV 4.2 2.6 -1.6 2.7 -1.2 -1.5
III 4.1 r 2.5 -1.5 r 3.3 r 0.9 r -0.8
II 4.2 2.4 -1.7 3.6 0.8 r -0.6
I 3.1 r 1.2 -1.9 r 3.4 r 0.9 r 0.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 104.3 r 99.2 95.1 r 109.8 r 99.6 r 105.2
2008 IV 102.0 r 92.7 90.9 r 112.5 r 102.8 r 110.4 r
III 103.7 r 98.4 94.9 r 110.0 r 98.1 r 106.2 r
II 104.9 r 101.9 97.1 r 108.6 r 98.3 r 103.4 r
I 106.7 r 104.0 97.5 r 108.3 r 99.4 r 101.5 r
2007 ANNUAL 104.8 r 103.8 99.1 r 105.3 r 99.1 r 100.4
2007 IV 106.5 r 104.4 98.0 r 106.9 r 99.2 r 100.4
III 105.2 r 104.2 99.1 r 104.8 r 98.4 r 99.6 r
II 104.3 r 104.0 99.7 r 104.6 r 98.8 r 100.3 r
I 103.4 r 102.8 99.5 r 104.9 r 100.3 r 101.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 4.
Durable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL -1.5 -5.7 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.7
2008 IV -17.2 r -29.9 -15.3 r 7.9 r 18.8 r 30.2 r
III -5.1 r -16.6 -12.1 r 6.9 r 0.4 r 12.6
II -9.3 r -10.6 -1.4 r 0.8 r -4.2 r 11.2
I -0.8 r -1.2 -0.4 r 0.8 r -3.6 r 1.7
2007 ANNUAL 5.3 r 3.2 -2.0 3.8 0.9 -1.5
2007 IV 8.2 r 1.6 -6.0 r 8.4 r 3.4 r 0.2
III 2.6 r 0.6 -1.9 r 1.1 r -1.4 r -1.4
II 7.1 r 8.2 1.1 r -2.9 r -7.4 r -9.4
I 7.6 r 6.1 -1.5 r 5.5 r 1.6 r -2.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL -1.5 -5.7 -4.2 3.1 -0.7 4.7
2008 IV -8.3 -15.2 -7.5 r 4.1 2.5 13.5
III -2.0 -7.0 -5.1 4.2 -1.0 6.3
II -0.1 -2.5 -2.5 r 2.7 -1.5 2.8
I 4.2 2.2 -1.9 r 1.8 -2.3 -2.3
2007 ANNUAL 5.3 r 3.2 -2.0 3.8 0.9 -1.5
2007 IV 6.3 r 4.1 -2.1 2.9 r -1.0 -3.2
III 5.3 r 3.7 -1.5 4.0 r 1.6 r -1.2
II 5.8 3.4 -2.2 r 4.1 1.4 -1.6
I 4.0 r 1.7 -2.2 4.0 r 1.6 r 0.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 106.0 r 100.6 94.9 r 109.4 r 99.2 r 103.2 r
2008 IV 100.9 r 91.2 90.4 r 112.0 r 102.3 r 111.0 r
III 105.8 r 99.7 94.2 r 109.9 r 98.0 r 103.9 r
II 107.2 r 104.3 97.3 r 108.1 r 97.9 r 100.9
I 109.8 r 107.2 97.6 r 107.9 r 99.0 r 98.2 r
2007 ANNUAL 107.6 r 106.6 99.1 r 106.1 r 99.9 r 98.5 r
2007 IV 110.1 r 107.6 97.7 r 107.6 r 99.9 r 97.8 r
III 107.9 r 107.1 99.3 r 105.5 r 99.0 r 97.8 r
II 107.2 r 107.0 99.7 r 105.2 r 99.4 r 98.1 r
I 105.4 r 104.9 99.5 r 106.0 r 101.3 r 100.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 5.
Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL 0.1 -3.5 -3.6 6.6 2.6 6.5
2008 IV 5.4 r -11.6 -16.1 r 12.3 r 23.7 r 6.6
III -8.1 r -10.8 -2.9 r 3.8 r -2.5 r 13.0
II -3.3 r -5.3 -2.1 r 1.1 r -3.9 r 4.6
I 3.1 r -2.0 -4.9 r 14.3 r 9.3 r 10.9
2007 ANNUAL 2.1 1.1 -1.1 2.2 r -0.6 0.1
2007 IV 0.7 r -0.5 -1.2 r 8.7 r 3.7 r 7.9
III 4.3 r 1.1 -3.0 r -0.5 r -3.0 r -4.6
II 0.4 r 0.9 0.5 r 2.1 r -2.6 r 1.7
I 1.1 r 2.2 1.1 r -0.5 r -4.2 r -1.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL 0.1 -3.5 -3.6 6.6 2.6 6.5
2008 IV -0.9 r -7.5 -6.7 7.7 r 6.1 r 8.7
III -2.0 -4.7 -2.8 6.9 1.5 9.1
II 1.1 r -1.7 -2.8 r 5.7 r 1.4 4.5
I 2.1 -0.1 -2.2 6.0 1.7 3.8
2007 ANNUAL 2.1 1.1 -1.1 2.2 r -0.6 0.1
2007 IV 1.6 r 1.0 -0.6 2.4 r -1.6 0.8
III 2.8 r 1.3 -1.4 1.8 -0.5 -0.9
II 2.1 1.3 -0.7 2.6 -0.1 0.5
I 2.1 r 0.7 -1.4 r 2.2 -0.2 0.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 102.1 r 97.5 95.5 r 110.6 r 100.3 r 108.4 r
2008 IV 101.8 r 93.5 91.9 r 113.7 r 103.9 r 111.7
III 100.4 r 96.5 96.0 r 110.4 r 98.5 r 110.0 r
II 102.6 r 99.2 96.7 r 109.4 r 99.1 r 106.7 r
I 103.5 r 100.6 97.2 r 109.1 r 100.1 r 105.5 r
2007 ANNUAL 102.0 r 101.0 99.0 r 103.8 r 97.8 r 101.8
2007 IV 102.7 r 101.1 98.5 r 105.5 r 97.9 r 102.8 r
III 102.5 r 101.2 98.8 r 103.4 r 97.0 r 100.8 r
II 101.4 r 100.9 99.5 r 103.5 r 97.8 r 102.0 r
I 101.3 r 100.7 99.4 r 103.0 r 98.4 r 101.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 6.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Revised productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1
2008 IV -3.4 -11.8 -8.7 6.3 17.0 10.0 20.4 13.0 -44.1 4.5
III 8.0 r 2.9 -4.7 r 4.5 r -1.8 r -3.2 0.6 -2.1 77.5 4.6
II 1.4 r -1.1 -2.5 r 2.0 r -3.1 r 0.6 2.9 1.2 5.3 1.7
I -4.9 r -5.0 -0.1 r 2.2 r -2.3 r 7.6 0.4 5.5 -23.3 1.9
2007 ANNUAL 0.6 1.0 0.3 3.9 1.1 3.3 6.0 4.0 -10.4 2.1
2007 IV 5.1 r 5.0 -0.1 r 6.8 r 1.9 r 1.6 2.5 1.8 -4.4 1.1
III -3.1 r -3.6 -0.6 r 2.6 r 0.1 r 5.9 11.6 7.5 -38.8 0.4
II 1.0 r 1.4 0.5 r 2.4 r -2.3 r 1.4 4.8 2.4 3.8 2.6
I -0.8 r -0.4 0.3 r 3.9 r 0.1 r 4.8 7.5 5.5 -11.6 3.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2008 ANNUAL 0.3 r -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 4.1 3.5 -8.4 2.1
2008 IV 0.1 -3.9 -4.0 r 3.7 2.1 r 3.6 5.8 4.2 -5.4 3.2
III 2.3 0.4 -1.9 3.9 -1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 8.2 2.3
II -0.4 r -1.3 -0.8 3.4 -0.9 3.9 4.3 4.0 -17.1 1.3
I -0.5 -0.6 -0.1 3.5 -0.7 r 4.1 4.8 4.3 -17.4 1.5
2007 ANNUAL 0.6 1.0 0.3 3.9 1.1 3.3 6.0 4.0 -10.4 2.1
2007 IV 0.5 0.5 0.0 3.9 -0.1 3.4 6.6 4.3 -14.4 1.8
III -0.3 r -0.2 0.1 4.3 r 1.9 r 4.6 7.5 5.4 -20.5 1.7
II 1.6 2.1 0.5 4.0 r 1.2 2.3 4.7 3.0 -2.2 2.3
I 0.8 1.5 0.7 3.6 1.2 2.8 5.3 3.5 -3.6 2.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2008 ANNUAL 102.9 r 103.4 100.5 r 111.2 r 100.8 r 108.0 113.6 109.6 91.6 107.3
2008 IV 103.3 r 101.3 98.0 r 113.2 r 103.4 r 109.6 117.9 111.9 88.3 108.9
III 104.2 r 104.5 100.3 r 111.5 r 99.4 r 107.0 112.5 108.5 102.1 107.7
II 102.2 r 103.7 101.5 r 110.3 r 99.9 r 107.9 112.4 109.1 88.4 106.5
I 101.9 r 104.0 102.1 r 109.8 r 100.7 r 107.7 111.6 108.8 87.3 106.1
2007 ANNUAL 102.6 r 104.8 102.2 r 107.3 r 101.0 r 104.6 109.2 105.9 100.0 105.1
2007 IV 103.2 r 105.4 102.1 r 109.1 r 101.3 r 105.8 111.5 107.4 93.3 105.6
III 101.9 r 104.1 102.2 r 107.4 r 100.8 r 105.4 110.8 106.9 94.3 105.3
II 102.7 r 105.1 102.3 r 106.7 r 100.8 r 103.9 107.8 105.0 106.7 105.2
I 102.4 r 104.7 102.2 r 106.0 r 101.4 r 103.5 106.5 104.4 105.7 104.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. March 7, 2012
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
