Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 22-0786
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, May 5, 2022
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
First Quarter 2022, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased 7.5 percent in the first quarter of 2022, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output decreased 2.4 percent and hours worked increased
5.5 percent. This is the largest decline in quarterly productivity since the third quarter of 1947, when the
measure decreased 11.7 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted
annual rates.) From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased
0.6 percent, reflecting a 4.2-percent increase in output that was outpaced by a 4.8-percent increase in
hours worked. This is the largest four-quarter decline since the fourth quarter of 1993, when the measure
also declined 0.6 percent. (See table A1.)
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 11.6 percent in the first quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 3.2-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 7.5-percent decrease in productivity. Unit
labor costs increased 7.2 percent over the last four quarters. (See table A1.) This is the largest four-
quarter increase in this measure since an 8.2-percent increase in the third quarter of 1982. BLS
calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in hourly
compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them.
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of
hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. In the first
quarter of 2022, while hours worked surpassed its fourth quarter 2019 level for the first time, output saw
its first quarterly decrease since the historic declines in those measures in the second quarter of 2020.
The hours worked index is now 0.9 percent above its fourth quarter 2019 level, the last quarter not
affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first-quarter 2022 output index is 3.5 percent above the level
seen in the fourth quarter of 2019. The labor productivity index is 2.6 percent higher in first-quarter
2022 than in fourth-quarter 2019, corresponding to an annual labor productivity growth rate of 1.1
percent during that period. (See tables A1 and 2.)
Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 0.7 percent in the first quarter of 2022, as output
increased 5.7 percent and hours worked increased 5.1 percent. In the durable manufacturing sector,
productivity increased 1.4 percent, with a 7.9-percent increase in output and a 6.4-percent increase in
hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity increased 0.5 percent, with a 3.4-percent
increase in output and a 2.9-percent increase in hours worked. Total manufacturing sector productivity
increased 1.7 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)
Manufacturing sector output is now 3.3 percent above its level in the fourth quarter of 2019, the last
quarter not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hours worked in manufacturing remain 1.0 percent
below the fourth-quarter 2019 level. The manufacturing labor productivity index is 4.3 percent higher in
first-quarter 2022 than in fourth-quarter 2019, corresponding to an annual labor productivity growth rate
of 1.9 percent during that period. This rate is much higher than the 0.2-percent average annual growth
rate during the previous business cycle, from 2007 to 2019.
Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector increased 2.1 percent in the first quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 2.8-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 0.7-percent increase in productivity.
Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 1.8 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1
and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Preliminary fourth-quarter and annual 2021 measures were announced today for the nonfinancial
corporate sector. Productivity remained unchanged in the fourth quarter of 2021 compared to the
previous quarter, as both output and hours worked increased 3.9 percent. From the fourth quarter of
2020 to the fourth quarter of 2021, nonfinancial corporate sector productivity increased 1.6 percent.
Table C1 presents annual average changes for the most recent 5 years for the nonfinancial corporate
sector. Nonfinancial corporate sector productivity grew 4.5 percent in 2021, as output increased 9.6
percent and hours worked increased 4.9 percent. This is the largest annual increase in productivity for
the nonfinancial corporate sector since 1959, when the measure increased 4.9 percent (See tables A2,
C1, and 6.)
Revised measures
Hours and related measures for all sectors were revised to incorporate updated ratios of hours worked to
hours paid by detailed industry, provided by the BLS National Compensation Survey. Indexes were
subject to revision back to 2017; resulting revisions to percent changes were small. Measures of real
hourly compensation for all sectors also were revised from 2017 forward due to the incorporation of the
revised Consumer Price Index Retroactive Series. Measures of output for the manufacturing sectors
incorporate revised annual benchmark data from 1987 to 2020 released March 24 by BLS.
Table B1 presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for the business, nonfarm
business, and manufacturing sectors for the fourth quarter of 2021.
In the fourth quarter of 2021, nonfarm business sector productivity was revised down 0.3 percentage
point to an increase of 6.3 percent, reflecting a 0.1-percentage point downward revision to output and a
0.1-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. Nonfarm business unit labor costs were revised
up 0.1 percentage point to an increase of 1.0 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity was
revised down 0.5 percentage point to a decrease of 0.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2021, reflecting a
0.4-percentage point downward revision to output and a 0.3-percentage point upward revision to hours
worked. Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector were revised up 0.3 percentage point to an increase
of 1.7 percent during the fourth quarter of 2021. Labor productivity was revised down 1.0 percentage
point in the durable manufacturing sector to an increase of 1.8 percent, and was also revised down 0.1
percentage point in the nondurable manufacturing sector to a decrease of 4.1 percent. (See table B1.)
Annual average rates of productivity growth in the nonfarm business and manufacturing sectors were
not revised for 2021, and remain at 1.9 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. (See tables 2 and 3.)
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors for recent years appear in tables 1-6. Full historical annual and
quarterly measures can be found at www.bls.gov/productivity/data-overview.htm.
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for first-quarter 2022 is scheduled to be released
on Thursday, June 2, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary first-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter -7.5 -2.4 5.5 3.2 -5.5 11.6
A year ago -0.6 4.2 4.8 6.5 -1.4 7.2
Business Previous quarter -7.7 -2.3 5.8 3.0 -5.7 11.6
A year ago -0.6 4.0 4.6 6.7 -1.2 7.3
Manufacturing Previous quarter 0.7 5.7 5.1 2.8 -5.9 2.1
A Year ago 1.7 5.2 3.5 3.5 -4.2 1.8
Durable Previous quarter 1.4 7.9 6.4 1.9 -6.7 0.5
manufacturing A year ago 2.1 5.2 3.0 1.4 -6.1 -0.8
Nondurable Previous quarter 0.5 3.4 2.9 4.2 -4.5 3.7
manufacturing A year ago 0.9 5.2 4.2 7.6 -0.4 6.6
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary fourth-quarter 2021
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Previous quarter 0.0 3.9 3.9 8.0 0.1 8.0
corporate A year ago 1.6 6.3 4.6 6.1 -0.6 4.4
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised fourth-quarter 2021
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 6.3 9.0 2.5 7.4 -0.5 1.0
Previously published 6.6 9.1 2.4 7.5 -0.3 0.9
Business Revised 6.3 8.9 2.4 7.6 -0.3 1.2
Previously published 6.6 9.0 2.3 7.7 -0.2 1.0
Manufacturing Revised -0.6 5.4 6.1 1.1 -6.4 1.7
Previously published -0.1 5.8 5.8 1.3 -6.1 1.4
Durable Revised 1.8 6.2 4.3 -0.9 -8.2 -2.7
manufacturing Previously published 2.8 6.9 4.0 -0.6 -7.9 -3.3
Nondurable Revised -4.1 4.5 9.0 5.0 -2.7 9.5
manufacturing Previously published -4.0 4.5 8.8 5.1 -2.6 9.4
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table C1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - annual average changes: 2017-2021
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Year productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial 2021 4.5 9.6 4.9 5.2 0.5 0.7
corporate 2020 2.2 -4.2 -6.2 6.9 5.5 4.6
2019 1.4 2.3 0.9 3.9 2.1 2.5
2018 1.2 3.2 1.9 3.6 1.1 2.3
2017 1.4 2.8 1.4 3.6 1.5 2.2
=========================================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all persons
working in the sector--wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The
primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES)
program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in
nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at each
place of employment. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and
nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours worked using
data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS Hours at
Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 and 1995, weekly paid hours are
adjusted to hours at work using a combination of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of
Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory
workers using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm
unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and
all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the appropriate
industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National
Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the
Department of Commerce.
Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and Subsectors”
on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/total-economy-hours-employment.xlsx).
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from gross
domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor hours
worked. Business output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of GDP in 2021. Nonfarm
business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 75 percent of GDP in 2021.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are constructed by
deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with
deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS Producer Price Index program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector
transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the indexes of
industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of the
costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following
outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other
holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted
for about 51 percent of the value of GDP in 2021.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production.
Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods
and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including
changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to employee
benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the
NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit
institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of employees in domestic
industries to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of
proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that
proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity, or real
output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in
hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation
increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous
quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the
previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual data are presented both as index
number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are rounded
to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using
index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are available
at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector
Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methodology see the Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/msp/home.htm.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 I -7.7 -2.3 5.8 3.0 -5.7 11.6 5.3 8.9
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.2 5.2 r 5.6 r 0.9 r 3.6 5.8 4.5
2021 IV 6.3 r 8.9 r 2.4 r 7.6 r -0.3 r 1.2 r 17.1 r 7.5
III -3.7 1.8 5.7 6.7 0.0 r 10.8 -0.1 6.2
II 3.4 8.2 4.6 r 9.6 1.4 r 6.0 9.1 7.3
I 2.1 8.2 5.9 r -0.4 r -4.3 r -2.5 17.2 5.1
2020 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.2 -6.6 r 6.9 5.6 r 4.3 -4.8 0.4
2020 IV -3.4 r 6.1 9.8 r 9.9 r 7.5 r 13.8 -13.7 1.6
III 7.3 r 44.7 34.9 -3.8 r -8.2 -10.4 32.5 r 5.1
II 9.3 r -36.8 -42.2 r 20.8 r 25.0 r 10.6 -23.1 -4.6
I -1.8 r -6.8 -5.1 r 8.6 r 7.2 r 10.6 -12.8 r 0.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 I -0.6 4.0 4.6 6.7 -1.2 7.3 7.7 7.5
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.2 5.2 r 5.6 r 0.9 r 3.6 5.8 4.5
2021 IV 2.0 6.7 r 4.7 5.8 -0.8 3.8 r 10.6 6.5
III -0.5 6.0 6.5 r 6.4 r 1.1 r 6.8 2.5 5.0
II 2.3 r 15.8 13.2 r 3.6 -1.1 r 1.3 10.0 4.7
I 3.7 r 1.2 -2.4 r 6.2 r 4.2 r 2.4 0.7 1.7
2020 ANNUAL 2.5 r -4.2 -6.6 r 6.9 5.6 r 4.3 -4.8 0.4
2020 IV 2.7 r -2.5 -5.0 8.5 r 7.2 r 5.7 -6.4 0.5
III 3.9 -3.5 -7.1 7.3 6.0 r 3.3 r -3.3 0.4
II 2.4 r -11.3 -13.4 r 8.4 7.9 5.9 -9.2 -0.6
I 1.0 0.3 -0.7 3.6 1.5 2.6 -0.6 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 I 111.2 126.5 113.8 140.5 113.2 126.4 114.3 121.1
2021 ANNUAL 112.5 r 124.4 r 110.6 r 135.8 r 114.9 r 120.7 r 109.0 r 115.6 r
2021 IV 113.5 r 127.3 r 112.2 r 139.5 r 114.9 r 122.9 r 112.8 r 118.5 r
III 111.8 r 124.6 111.5 r 137.0 r 115.0 r 122.6 r 108.4 r 116.4
II 112.8 r 124.1 110.0 r 134.8 r 115.0 r 119.5 r 108.5 r 114.6
I 111.9 r 121.6 108.7 r 131.7 r 114.6 r 117.7 r 106.1 r 112.6
2020 ANNUAL 110.4 r 116.0 105.1 r 128.6 r 113.9 r 116.5 r 103.1 r 110.6
2020 IV 111.3 r 119.3 107.2 r 131.9 r 115.8 r 118.5 r 102.0 r 111.3
III 112.3 r 117.5 104.7 r 128.8 r 113.8 r 114.7 r 105.8 r 110.8
II 110.3 r 107.2 97.2 r 130.1 r 116.2 r 117.9 r 98.6 r 109.5
I 107.9 r 120.2 111.4 r 124.1 r 109.9 r 115.0 r 105.3 r 110.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 I -7.5 -2.4 5.5 3.2 -5.5 11.6 3.5 8.2
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.4 5.4 5.4 0.7 3.5 4.8 r 4.0
2021 IV 6.3 r 9.0 r 2.5 r 7.4 r -0.5 r 1.0 r 18.4 r 7.8
III -3.9 2.0 6.2 6.3 r -0.4 10.6 -0.4 6.0
II 3.2 8.5 5.1 9.2 1.1 r 5.8 6.6 6.1
I 2.2 r 8.4 6.1 r -0.6 -4.5 r -2.7 16.5 4.6
2020 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.4 -6.7 r 7.0 5.7 4.5 -4.9 0.4
2020 IV -2.8 6.2 9.2 r 10.6 r 8.2 r 13.8 r -15.3 0.9
III 6.2 r 44.6 36.2 r -4.7 r -9.1 -10.3 31.3 4.7
II 10.3 r -36.9 -42.7 21.6 r 25.8 r 10.3 -21.6 -3.9
I -2.5 -7.4 -5.0 8.7 7.3 r 11.5 r -13.4 0.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 I -0.6 4.2 4.8 6.5 -1.4 7.2 6.8 7.0
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.4 5.4 5.4 0.7 3.5 4.8 r 4.0
2021 IV 1.9 6.9 r 4.9 5.5 -1.1 3.6 r 10.0 6.1
III -0.4 6.2 6.6 r 6.3 r 1.0 r 6.7 1.2 4.4
II 2.2 r 15.9 13.5 3.4 -1.3 r 1.2 8.4 4.1
I 3.9 r 1.3 -2.5 r 6.2 4.3 r 2.3 0.4 1.5
2020 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.4 -6.7 r 7.0 5.7 4.5 -4.9 0.4
2020 IV 2.7 r -2.7 -5.2 r 8.6 7.3 5.8 -6.8 0.4
III 3.7 -3.7 -7.1 7.3 r 6.0 r 3.4 -3.3 0.5
II 2.5 -11.5 -13.6 8.7 8.2 6.0 -9.0 -0.4
I 0.9 0.2 -0.7 3.7 1.6 r 2.7 -0.8 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 I 111.0 126.4 113.9 140.7 113.3 126.7 113.7 121.0
2021 ANNUAL 112.2 r 124.2 r 110.7 r 136.0 r 115.0 r 121.2 r 108.9 r 115.8 r
2021 IV 113.2 r 127.2 r 112.4 r 139.5 r 114.9 r 123.3 r 112.7 r 118.7 r
III 111.4 r 124.5 111.7 r 137.1 r 115.0 r 123.0 r 108.0 r 116.5
II 112.6 r 123.9 110.0 r 135.0 r 115.2 r 119.9 r 108.1 r 114.8
I 111.7 r 121.4 108.7 r 132.1 r 114.8 r 118.3 r 106.4 r 113.1
2020 ANNUAL 110.1 r 115.7 105.1 r 128.9 r 114.1 r 117.1 r 103.8 r 111.3
2020 IV 111.1 r 118.9 107.1 r 132.2 r 116.2 r 119.1 r 102.4 r 111.8
III 111.8 r 117.2 104.8 r 129.0 r 113.9 r 115.3 r 106.8 r 111.6
II 110.2 r 106.9 97.0 r 130.5 r 116.7 r 118.5 r 99.8 r 110.3
I 107.5 r 119.9 111.5 r 124.3 r 110.2 r 115.6 r 106.0 r 111.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 I 0.7 5.7 5.1 2.8 -5.9 2.1
2021 ANNUAL 3.2 6.5 3.2 r 4.0 -0.7 r 0.8 r
2021 IV -0.6 r 5.4 r 6.1 r 1.1 r -6.4 r 1.7 r
III -2.5 r 3.8 6.4 -0.8 -7.0 1.7
II 9.5 5.8 -3.3 11.3 r 2.9 r 1.6
I -1.2 2.9 4.2 0.2 -3.8 r 1.4
2020 ANNUAL 0.2 r -6.7 r -6.8 7.0 r 5.7 r 6.8 r
2020 IV 2.9 11.0 7.8 10.3 7.9 r 7.2 r
III 20.3 56.2 29.9 -11.4 -15.4 -26.3
II -10.4 -44.5 -38.0 27.2 r 31.5 r 41.9
I 1.2 r -6.2 r -7.3 r 8.0 r 6.6 r 6.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 I 1.7 5.2 3.5 3.5 -4.2 1.8
2021 ANNUAL 3.2 6.5 3.2 r 4.0 -0.7 r 0.8 r
2021 IV 1.2 r 4.5 r 3.3 r 2.8 r -3.6 1.6 r
III 2.1 5.8 3.7 5.1 -0.2 2.9
II 7.6 17.2 9.0 2.2 -2.5 -5.0
I 2.3 -0.2 -2.5 5.6 3.7 r 3.2
2020 ANNUAL 0.2 r -6.7 r -6.8 7.0 r 5.7 r 6.8 r
2020 IV 2.9 r -2.5 r -5.3 7.6 6.3 4.6 r
III 1.9 -5.4 -7.2 r 6.9 5.6 r 5.0 r
II -3.0 -15.5 r -12.9 10.0 9.5 13.4 r
I -1.3 r -3.1 r -1.9 3.7 1.6 5.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 I 98.8 103.8 105.1 130.3 104.9 131.8
2021 ANNUAL 98.5 r 100.6 r 102.1 r 128.4 r 108.6 r 130.3 r
2021 IV 98.6 r 102.4 r 103.8 r 129.4 r 106.5 r 131.2 r
III 98.8 r 101.0 r 102.3 r 129.0 r 108.3 r 130.6 r
II 99.4 r 100.1 r 100.7 r 129.3 r 110.3 r 130.1 r
I 97.2 r 98.7 r 101.6 r 125.9 r 109.5 r 129.5 r
2020 ANNUAL 95.4 r 94.5 r 99.0 r 123.5 r 109.3 r 129.4 r
2020 IV 97.5 r 98.0 r 100.5 r 125.8 r 110.5 r 129.1 r
III 96.8 r 95.5 r 98.7 r 122.8 r 108.5 r 126.9 r
II 92.4 r 85.4 r 92.4 r 126.6 r 113.1 r 136.9 r
I 95.0 r 98.9 r 104.2 r 119.2 r 105.6 r 125.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 I 1.4 7.9 6.4 1.9 -6.7 0.5
2021 ANNUAL 5.6 r 8.6 r 2.9 r 3.4 r -1.2 -2.0 r
2021 IV 1.8 r 6.2 r 4.3 r -0.9 r -8.2 r -2.7 r
III -0.8 7.1 8.0 -8.2 -14.0 -7.5
II 6.3 -0.2 -6.1 13.9 5.4 r 7.2
I 0.5 r 6.6 r 6.1 r 1.2 -2.8 r 0.7
2020 ANNUAL 0.1 r -8.0 r -8.2 r 7.0 5.7 r 6.9 r
2020 IV 5.1 r 11.4 r 5.9 12.3 9.9 r 6.9 r
III 46.7 r 99.1 r 35.7 -15.4 -19.3 r -42.3 r
II -20.0 r -54.0 r -42.5 r 28.9 r 33.4 r 61.2 r
I -2.2 r -10.1 r -8.0 r 7.4 r 6.0 r 9.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 I 2.1 5.2 3.0 1.4 -6.1 -0.8
2021 ANNUAL 5.6 r 8.6 r 2.9 r 3.4 r -1.2 -2.0 r
2021 IV 1.9 r 4.9 r 2.9 1.2 r -5.2 r -0.7 r
III 2.7 6.2 r 3.3 4.4 -0.8 1.6 r
II 13.3 r 23.9 r 9.4 2.3 -2.4 -9.7 r
I 5.5 r 2.1 r -3.2 5.5 3.6 r 0.0 r
2020 ANNUAL 0.1 r -8.0 r -8.2 r 7.0 5.7 r 6.9 r
2020 IV 4.8 r -2.1 r -6.6 7.1 r 5.8 2.2 r
III 3.4 r -5.2 r -8.3 r 6.7 r 5.4 r 3.2 r
II -6.2 r -20.4 -15.1 r 10.8 10.3 18.2 r
I -1.8 r -4.5 r -2.8 r 4.0 r 1.8 5.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 I 103.2 106.9 103.5 128.4 103.4 124.4
2021 ANNUAL 102.3 r 102.8 r 100.5 r 128.4 r 108.6 r 125.5 r
2021 IV 102.9 r 104.8 r 101.9 r 127.8 r 105.2 r 124.2 r
III 102.4 r 103.3 r 100.8 r 128.1 r 107.5 r 125.1 r
II 102.6 r 101.5 r 98.9 r 130.9 r 111.6 r 127.5 r
I 101.1 r 101.5 r 100.5 r 126.7 r 110.2 r 125.4 r
2020 ANNUAL 96.8 r 94.6 r 97.7 r 124.1 r 109.9 r 128.2 r
2020 IV 100.9 r 99.9 r 99.0 r 126.3 r 111.0 r 125.1 r
III 99.7 r 97.3 r 97.6 r 122.7 r 108.4 r 123.1 r
II 90.6 r 81.9 r 90.4 r 128.0 r 114.3 r 141.3 r
I 95.8 r 99.4 r 103.8 r 120.1 r 106.4 r 125.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 I 0.5 3.4 2.9 4.2 -4.5 3.7
2021 ANNUAL 0.5 r 4.1 r 3.6 5.1 0.4 4.6 r
2021 IV -4.1 r 4.5 9.0 r 5.0 r -2.7 r 9.5 r
III -3.5 r 0.3 3.8 14.1 6.9 18.2 r
II 11.4 12.9 1.3 7.2 -0.8 r -3.8
I -2.2 -1.1 1.1 -2.2 -6.0 r 0.0
2020 ANNUAL -0.4 r -4.9 r -4.5 7.3 6.0 r 7.7 r
2020 IV -0.3 r 10.6 r 10.9 r 7.0 4.7 r 7.3 r
III -0.2 r 20.8 r 21.0 r -4.4 -8.8 r -4.3 r
II -3.2 r -32.2 r -30.0 r 26.3 r 30.6 r 30.5 r
I 4.9 r -1.5 r -6.1 9.5 r 8.1 r 4.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 I 0.9 5.2 4.2 7.6 -0.4 6.6
2021 ANNUAL 0.5 r 4.1 r 3.6 5.1 0.4 4.6 r
2021 IV 0.2 r 4.0 3.8 r 5.9 -0.8 r 5.6
III 1.2 r 5.5 r 4.2 6.4 1.1 r 5.1 r
II 2.1 r 10.5 r 8.3 1.8 -2.9 -0.3 r
I -1.5 r -2.7 r -1.3 6.0 4.1 r 7.6 r
2020 ANNUAL -0.4 r -4.9 r -4.5 7.3 6.0 r 7.7 r
2020 IV 0.3 r -2.8 r -3.1 9.1 r 7.8 r 8.8 r
III -0.3 r -5.6 r -5.3 7.6 6.3 8.0 r
II -0.7 -9.9 r -9.2 9.1 8.6 9.9 r
I -0.9 r -1.3 r -0.4 3.6 1.4 4.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 I 97.3 104.9 107.8 134.1 108.0 137.8
2021 ANNUAL 97.7 r 102.4 r 104.8 r 128.9 r 109.0 r 131.9 r
2021 IV 97.2 r 104.0 r 107.0 r 132.7 r 109.3 r 136.6 r
III 98.2 r 102.9 r 104.8 r 131.1 r 110.0 r 133.5 r
II 99.1 r 102.8 r 103.8 r 126.9 r 108.2 r 128.1 r
I 96.4 r 99.7 r 103.4 r 124.7 r 108.4 r 129.3 r
2020 ANNUAL 97.2 r 98.3 r 101.1 r 122.6 r 108.6 r 126.1 r
2020 IV 97.0 r 100.0 r 103.2 r 125.4 r 110.1 r 129.3 r
III 97.0 r 97.5 r 100.5 r 123.2 r 108.9 r 127.0 r
II 97.1 r 93.0 r 95.8 r 124.7 r 111.4 r 128.4 r
I 97.9 r 102.5 r 104.8 r 117.6 r 104.2 r 120.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2021 ANNUAL 4.5 9.6 4.9 5.2 0.5 0.7 4.8 1.8 23.0 4.6
2021 IV 0.0 3.9 3.9 8.0 0.1 8.0 25.2 12.8 -2.7 10.2
III 1.8 6.7 4.8 9.2 r 2.3 7.2 14.4 9.3 0.4 7.8
II 1.6 r 5.7 4.1 9.3 r 1.1 r 7.6 -14.4 0.7 58.8 7.9
I 3.2 r 8.9 5.6 -1.8 -5.6 r -4.8 18.7 1.6 30.0 5.1
2020 ANNUAL 2.2 r -4.2 -6.2 6.9 r 5.5 4.6 -10.6 -0.2 2.4 0.1
2020 IV 17.1 r 28.4 9.6 r 8.4 6.1 r -7.4 53.3 6.3 -31.4 -0.2
III -0.3 r 31.7 32.1 r -5.2 r -9.5 -4.9 -21.4 -9.6 206.1 6.2
II 2.7 r -39.0 -40.6 r 23.7 r 28.0 r 20.5 -49.3 -6.5 -9.1 -6.8
I 0.7 -3.3 -4.0 r 7.4 r 6.0 r 6.6 4.2 5.8 -35.4 -0.4
2019 ANNUAL 1.4 2.3 0.9 3.9 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.3 -1.2 1.9
2019 IV 2.0 r 2.2 0.2 r 4.6 r 2.1 r 2.6 -2.7 0.8 8.8 1.8
III 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.0 -0.5 r 0.5 5.3 2.0 2.6 2.1
II 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.7 -1.4 r 1.0 1.7 1.2 13.3 2.6
I 2.5 3.4 0.9 7.8 6.7 r 5.2 3.2 4.6 -31.2 -1.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2021 ANNUAL 4.5 9.6 4.9 5.2 0.5 0.7 4.8 1.8 23.0 4.6
2021 IV 1.6 6.3 4.6 6.1 -0.6 4.4 9.9 5.9 19.2 7.7
III 5.7 12.1 6.0 r 6.2 r 0.9 r 0.4 15.5 4.4 9.2 5.1
II 5.2 r 18.1 12.3 r 2.5 r -2.2 -2.5 5.2 -0.4 44.3 4.7
I 5.5 r 3.0 -2.4 r 5.7 3.8 r 0.2 -7.7 -2.3 25.5 1.0
2020 ANNUAL 2.2 r -4.2 -6.2 6.9 r 5.5 4.6 -10.6 -0.2 2.4 0.1
2020 IV 4.8 -0.1 -4.7 r 8.1 r 6.8 r 3.1 -10.7 -1.2 5.4 -0.4
III 1.3 r -5.6 -6.8 r 7.1 5.8 r 5.8 -20.3 -2.5 18.3 0.1
II 1.5 r -11.6 -12.9 8.8 8.4 r 7.3 -14.2 0.4 -10.0 -0.9
I 1.0 0.4 -0.6 3.7 r 1.5 2.6 2.1 2.4 -4.9 1.5
2019 ANNUAL 1.4 2.3 0.9 3.9 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.3 -1.2 1.9
2019 IV 1.4 2.1 0.6 3.7 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 -3.4 1.4
III 1.0 1.7 0.7 3.4 1.6 2.4 3.2 2.6 -2.4 2.0
II 2.2 3.0 0.8 4.4 2.5 2.2 1.1 1.9 0.8 1.7
I 0.9 2.3 1.4 4.1 2.5 3.2 1.4 2.6 0.6 2.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2021 ANNUAL 113.2 124.6 110.1 137.6 116.4 121.6 100.9 114.7 124.2 116.1
2021 IV 113.5 126.9 111.8 141.9 116.8 125.0 106.0 118.7 127.0 119.9
III 113.5 r 125.7 110.8 r 139.2 r 116.8 r 122.6 100.2 115.1 127.9 117.0
II 113.0 r 123.7 109.5 r 136.1 r 116.1 r 120.5 96.9 112.6 127.8 114.8
I 112.6 r 122.0 108.4 r 133.1 r 115.8 r 118.3 100.7 112.4 113.8 112.6
2020 ANNUAL 108.3 r 113.7 105.0 r 130.8 r 115.8 r 120.8 96.3 112.6 100.9 111.0
2020 IV 111.7 r 119.4 106.9 r 133.7 r 117.5 r 119.8 96.5 112.0 106.6 111.2
III 107.4 r 112.2 104.5 r 131.1 r 115.8 r 122.1 86.7 110.3 117.2 111.3
II 107.4 r 104.7 97.5 r 132.8 r 118.7 r 123.6 92.1 113.1 88.6 109.6
I 106.7 r 118.5 111.0 r 125.9 r 111.6 r 118.0 109.1 115.0 90.7 111.6
2019 ANNUAL 106.0 r 118.7 112.0 r 122.4 r 109.7 r 115.5 107.7 112.9 98.5 110.8
2019 IV 106.5 r 119.5 112.2 r 123.7 r 110.0 r 116.1 108.0 113.4 101.2 111.7
III 106.0 r 118.8 112.1 r 122.3 r 109.4 r 115.4 108.7 113.2 99.1 111.2
II 105.9 r 118.5 111.9 r 122.0 r 109.5 r 115.3 107.3 112.6 98.4 110.6
I 105.7 r 118.0 111.7 r 121.5 r 109.9 r 115.0 106.9 112.3 95.4 109.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 5, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S.
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal
Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
SIZE OF REVISIONS: Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as more
complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close of the
reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate approximately
60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of nonfarm business sector
quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate by -1.1 to +1.4 percentage point
about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates for reference quarters from the first
quarter of 2001 to the fourth quarter of 2021. For more about revisions to labor productivity growth see
“How large are revisions to estimates of quarterly labor productivity growth?” at
www.bls.gov/osmr/research-papers/2021/ec210040.htm.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private
benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include
an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers
(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2021 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series (CPI-U-
RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments,
rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal
places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less
subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustment.
United States Department of Labor
