Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 14-0746
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, May 7, 2014
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
First Quarter 2014, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased at a 1.7 percent annual
rate during the first quarter of 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The decrease in productivity reflects increases of 0.3
percent in output and 2.0 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent
changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the
first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2014, productivity increased
1.4 percent as output and hours worked rose 3.2 percent and 1.7 percent,
respectively. (See table A.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of
real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including employees,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 4.2 percent in the first
quarter of 2014, due to both the decline in productivity and a 2.4 percent
increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor costs increased 0.9 percent
over the last four quarters. (See tables A and 2.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector productivity increased 3.3 percent in the first quarter
of 2014, as output increased 1.8 percent and hours worked decreased 1.4
percent. Productivity increased 3.6 percent in the durable goods sector and
increased 2.5 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four
quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 2.2 percent, as output
increased 2.4 percent and hours increased 0.2 percent. Unit labor costs in
manufacturing increased 0.1 percent in the first quarter of 2014 and
declined 0.2 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series
differ from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series;
these output measures are not directly comparable. See Technical Notes for a
more detailed explanation.
Preliminary fourth quarter and annual 2013 measures were announced today for
the nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased 2.1 percent in the
fourth quarter of 2013 and was unchanged over the last four quarters. Annual
average productivity was unchanged from 2012 to 2013. (See tables C and 6).
Revised measures
Revised measures of real hourly compensation for all sectors, from 2009
onward, reflect revisions in the consumer price series based on new and
revised data from the BLS Office of Prices and Living Conditions. Output
data for the manufacturing sector incorporate historically revised indexes of
industrial production published by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System on March 28. These revisions affected quarterly manufacturing
output, productivity, and unit labor cost measures for the data series
beginning in 1987 and recent annual measures. Full historical annual and
quarterly measures are available on the labor productivity and costs home
page: www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
In the fourth quarter of 2013, nonfarm business sector productivity increased
2.3 percent, which is a larger increase than reported March 6; this revision
is due to both an upward revision to output and a downward revision to hours.
Unit labor costs fell 0.4 percent, a larger decline than previously reported.
Manufacturing sector productivity rose 1.3 percent in the fourth quarter, the
same rate as was previously reported. Unit labor costs in the manufacturing
sector rose 0.1 percent, rather than falling 0.1 percent as reported March 6.
(See table B.)
2013 Annual Average measures for productivity and unit labor costs in the
nonfarm business sector were unrevised from the March 6 release. In the
manufacturing sector, an upward revision to output led to an upward revision
to productivity and a downward revision to unit labor costs. (See table B.)
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for first-quarter 2014 is
scheduled to be released on Wednesday, June 4, 2014 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary first-quarter 2014 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity -1.7 1.4 -1.8 1.3 3.3 2.2 3.6 3.3 2.5 1.0
Output 0.3 3.2 -0.2 3.1 1.8 2.4 1.6 3.8 2.0 0.9
Hours 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.7 -1.4 0.2 -1.9 0.4 -0.5 -0.1
Hourly
compensation 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 3.3 2.0 3.6 2.2 2.9 1.7
Real hourly
compensation 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.6 0.7 1.0 0.2
Unit labor costs 4.2 0.9 4.7 1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -1.1 0.4 0.6
=====================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: fourth quarter and annual averages 2013
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2013
Productivity 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.6 3.0 0.3 -0.1
Output 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.2 4.7 5.0 6.9 7.5 2.3 2.4
Hours 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.4 2.0 2.4
Hourly
compensation 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.6 0.2
Real hourly
compensation 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.6 -0.6
Unit labor
costs -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.9 -1.3 0.3 0.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual average 2013
Productivity 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 2.3 1.8 3.4 2.7 1.2 1.1
Output 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 4.4 3.7 1.3 1.1
Hours 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.1
Hourly
compensation 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.5
Real hourly
compensation 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8 -0.9 0.1 0.1
Unit labor
costs 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 -1.3 -0.9 -2.7 -2.0 0.3 0.5
======================================================================================================
Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: preliminary fourth-quarter and annual averages 2013 measures
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2013
Q to Q 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.8 0.5 -0.4 1.6 0.4
Y to Y 0.0 2.3 2.3 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2 3.1 0.9
Percent change, annual average 2013
2013 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.8 -0.7 0.7 3.1 1.2
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary
source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the
number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of
production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly
paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted
for this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of
Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work
for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors,
and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for
government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the
National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two
or more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the
CPS features measures of employment that count each person only once
and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours
worked at all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job.
However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on
employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs,
separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed
information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the
correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the
CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted
index constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP)
the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions,
and private households (including owner-occupied housing).
Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. Business
output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of GDP in 2013.
Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74
percent of GDP in 2013.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable
goods components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry
value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with
deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the
BLS producer price program and other sources. The industry shipments
are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector transactions are
removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the
index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent
with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product
manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary
metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing;
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product
manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing;
transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product
manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include:
food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing;
textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather
and allied product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and
related support activities; petroleum and coal products
manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber
products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted
index calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes
earned from production. The output measure excludes the following
outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private
households; unincorporated business; and those corporations
classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other
holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector.
Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 49 percent of the value
of GDP in 2013.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production.
They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods
and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output
to hours at work of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not
measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other
factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment;
level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the
organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics
and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and
taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based
primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by
the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government,
nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from
compensation of domestic employees to derive employee compensation
for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot
be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as
employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and
cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid
family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and
productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an
indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly
compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases
offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are
presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter
presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number
series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index number
series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the
productivity and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place.
All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. These index
numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm,
or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity.
(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I -1.8 -0.2 1.6 2.7 0.8 4.7 -2.6 1.4
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.5 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 r 1.5
2013 IV 2.1 r 3.5 r 1.5 r 1.7 r 0.5 r -0.4 r 2.6 r 0.9 r
III 3.2 5.6 2.3 0.9 -1.1 r -2.2 7.8 2.1
II 1.9 3.4 1.4 3.9 3.4 r 1.9 -1.7 0.3
I 0.3 1.4 1.1 -4.7 -5.8 r -4.9 11.4 1.8
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8
2012 IV -1.6 0.2 1.9 10.4 7.8 r 12.3 -11.5 1.2
III 1.7 3.6 1.8 0.4 -1.3 r -1.3 7.5 2.5
II 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.8 0.4 r 0.6 3.9 2.0
I 1.5 4.9 3.3 9.0 6.7 r 7.4 -5.4 1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 1.3 3.1 1.7 2.3 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.5 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.8 2.4 r 1.5
2013 IV 1.9 r 3.5 r 1.6 0.4 -0.8 r -1.4 4.9 r 1.3
III 0.9 2.6 1.7 2.5 1.0 r 1.6 1.1 1.4
II 0.6 2.1 1.5 2.4 0.9 1.8 1.0 1.5
I 0.4 1.7 1.3 1.8 0.2 r 1.5 2.4 1.9
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8
2012 IV 0.7 2.6 1.9 5.3 3.3 r 4.6 -1.7 1.8
III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 r -0.4 4.4 1.7
II 1.5 3.6 2.1 2.1 0.2 0.6 3.3 1.8
I 1.5 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 4.7 2.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 106.6 113.8 106.8 110.5 100.8 103.7 112.9 107.6
2013 ANNUAL 106.1 r 112.2 r 105.7 r 109.1 r 100.4 r 102.8 r 112.2 r 106.7 r
2013 IV 107.1 r 113.9 r 106.4 r 109.8 r 100.6 r 102.6 r 113.6 r 107.2 r
III 106.5 112.9 106.0 109.3 100.5 r 102.7 112.9 106.9
II 105.7 111.4 105.4 109.1 100.8 r 103.2 110.8 106.4
I 105.2 110.5 105.0 108.1 99.9 r 102.7 111.3 106.3
2012 ANNUAL 105.1 109.5 104.1 107.2 100.1 102.0 109.6 105.1
2012 IV 105.1 110.1 104.7 109.4 101.4 r 104.0 108.3 105.8
III 105.5 110.0 104.3 106.7 99.5 r 101.1 111.7 105.5
II 105.1 109.1 103.8 106.6 99.8 r 101.4 109.7 104.9
I 104.8 108.6 103.7 106.1 99.7 r 101.3 108.6 104.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I -1.7 0.3 2.0 2.4 0.5 4.2 -2.7 1.1
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.1 1.6 r 1.3
2013 IV 2.3 r 3.8 r 1.4 r 1.9 r 0.6 r -0.4 r 3.8 r 1.4
III 3.5 5.4 1.9 1.3 -0.7 r -2.1 8.5 2.4
II 1.8 3.3 1.5 3.8 3.3 r 2.0 -0.7 0.8
I -1.8 -0.3 1.6 -5.3 -6.4 r -3.5 6.8 0.7
2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8
2012 IV -1.5 0.7 2.2 10.2 7.5 r 11.8 -12.1 0.8
III 2.1 4.2 2.0 0.3 -1.4 r -1.8 7.7 2.2
II 1.1 1.6 0.5 1.8 0.4 r 0.7 4.0 2.1
I 1.7 5.0 3.2 9.2 6.9 r 7.4 -5.6 1.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 1.4 3.2 1.7 2.3 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.4
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.1 1.6 r 1.3
2013 IV 1.4 r 3.0 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -0.8 r -1.0 r 4.5 r 1.3
III 0.5 2.3 1.8 2.4 0.8 1.9 0.3 1.2
II 0.1 1.9 1.8 2.1 0.6 1.9 0.1 1.2
I 0.0 1.5 1.6 1.6 -0.1 1.6 1.3 1.5
2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8
2012 IV 0.8 2.8 2.0 5.3 3.3 4.4 -1.8 1.7
III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 r -0.4 4.6 1.7
II 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.2 0.3 0.8 3.3 1.9
I 1.6 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.3 -0.1 4.8 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 106.4 113.9 107.0 110.5 100.8 103.9 111.0 106.9
2013 ANNUAL 105.8 r 112.1 r 105.9 r 109.1 r 100.4 r 103.1 r 110.0 r 105.9 r
2013 IV 106.8 r 113.8 r 106.5 r 109.9 r 100.7 r 102.8 r 111.8 r 106.6 r
III 106.2 112.8 106.1 109.4 100.5 r 103.0 110.8 106.2
II 105.3 111.3 105.6 109.0 100.7 r 103.5 108.5 105.6
I 104.9 110.4 105.3 108.0 99.9 r 103.0 108.7 105.4
2012 ANNUAL 105.3 109.7 104.1 107.4 100.3 102.0 108.3 104.6
2012 IV 105.4 110.5 104.8 109.5 101.5 r 103.9 106.9 105.2
III 105.8 110.3 104.3 106.9 99.7 r 101.1 110.4 105.0
II 105.2 109.2 103.8 106.8 100.1 r 101.5 108.4 104.4
I 104.9 108.7 103.6 106.3 100.0 r 101.3 107.3 103.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I 3.3 1.8 -1.4 3.3 1.4 0.1
2013 ANNUAL 2.3 r 2.9 r 0.7 1.0 r -0.5 -1.3 r
2013 IV 1.3 4.7 r 3.4 r 1.3 r 0.1 r 0.1 r
III 0.5 r 1.7 r 1.1 0.5 -1.5 r -0.1 r
II 3.7 r 1.5 r -2.2 2.9 2.4 r -0.8 r
I 3.1 r 4.8 r 1.7 -0.8 -1.9 r -3.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 r 4.3 r 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.0 r
2012 IV 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.1 1.5 r 1.8
III 0.8 r 1.9 r 1.1 -2.5 -4.1 r -3.2 r
II 2.1 r 3.4 r 1.3 0.6 -0.8 r -1.4 r
I 4.2 r 7.5 r 3.1 11.3 8.9 r 6.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 2.2 2.4 0.2 2.0 0.6 -0.2
2013 ANNUAL 2.3 r 2.9 r 0.7 1.0 r -0.5 -1.3 r
2013 IV 2.1 r 3.2 r 1.0 r 1.0 r -0.2 r -1.1 r
III 2.4 r 2.7 r 0.3 1.6 0.1 -0.7 r
II 2.5 r 2.7 r 0.3 0.9 -0.5 -1.5 r
I 2.0 r 3.2 r 1.1 0.3 -1.3 -1.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 r 4.3 r 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.0 r
2012 IV 2.3 r 3.9 r 1.5 3.2 1.3 0.9 r
III 1.6 r 4.2 r 2.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.6 r
II 2.6 5.0 r 2.4 2.0 0.1 -0.5 r
I 1.2 r 4.0 r 2.8 1.3 -1.5 0.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 113.4 119.5 105.4 108.1 98.6 95.4
2013 ANNUAL 111.9 r 117.6 r 105.1 r 106.7 r 98.3 r 95.4 r
2013 IV 112.5 r 118.9 r 105.8 r 107.2 r 98.3 r 95.4 r
III 112.1 r 117.6 r 104.9 106.9 98.2 r 95.3 r
II 112.0 r 117.1 r 104.6 106.8 98.6 r 95.4 r
I 110.9 r 116.7 r 105.2 106.0 98.0 r 95.6 r
2012 ANNUAL 109.4 r 114.2 r 104.4 105.7 98.8 96.6 r
2012 IV 110.1 r 115.3 r 104.7 106.2 98.5 r 96.5 r
III 109.5 r 114.5 r 104.6 105.2 98.1 r 96.0 r
II 109.3 r 114.0 r 104.3 105.8 99.1 r 96.8 r
I 108.7 r 113.0 r 104.0 105.7 99.3 r 97.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I 3.6 1.6 -1.9 3.6 1.6 -0.1
2013 ANNUAL 3.4 r 4.4 r 1.0 0.6 -0.8 r -2.7 r
2013 IV 2.6 r 6.9 r 4.2 r 1.7 0.5 r -0.9 r
III 2.0 r 3.6 r 1.6 0.9 -1.1 r -1.0 r
II 5.2 r 2.9 r -2.1 2.5 2.0 r -2.6 r
I 3.4 r 6.4 2.9 -1.5 -2.6 r -4.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 r 7.2 r 2.9 1.5 -0.6 -2.5 r
2012 IV 3.7 r 4.1 r 0.3 4.3 1.8 r 0.6 r
III 1.4 r 2.0 r 0.6 -3.4 -4.9 r -4.7 r
II 4.7 r 6.7 r 1.9 -1.2 -2.5 r -5.7 r
I 8.8 r 12.2 r 3.1 12.8 10.5 r 3.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 3.3 3.8 0.4 2.2 0.7 -1.1
2013 ANNUAL 3.4 r 4.4 r 1.0 0.6 -0.8 r -2.7 r
2013 IV 3.3 r 4.9 r 1.6 0.9 -0.3 -2.3 r
III 3.6 r 4.2 r 0.6 1.5 0.0 -1.9 r
II 3.4 r 3.8 r 0.4 0.4 -1.0 -2.9 r
I 3.3 r 4.8 r 1.4 -0.5 -2.1 -3.6 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 r 7.2 r 2.9 1.5 -0.6 -2.5 r
2012 IV 4.6 r 6.2 r 1.5 3.0 1.0 r -1.6 r
III 3.8 r 7.1 r 3.2 0.3 -1.3 -3.3 r
II 5.3 r 8.7 3.2 1.8 -0.1 -3.3 r
I 2.8 r 6.9 r 4.0 1.0 -1.8 -1.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 123.9 133.9 108.1 107.2 97.7 86.5
2013 ANNUAL 121.6 r 130.9 r 107.7 r 105.6 r 97.3 r 86.9 r
2013 IV 122.8 r 133.4 r 108.6 r 106.3 r 97.3 r 86.5 r
III 122.0 r 131.2 r 107.5 105.8 97.2 r 86.7 r
II 121.4 r 130.0 r 107.1 105.6 97.5 r 86.9 r
I 119.9 r 129.1 r 107.7 104.9 97.0 r 87.5 r
2012 ANNUAL 117.6 r 125.4 r 106.6 105.0 98.1 89.3 r
2012 IV 118.9 r 127.1 r 106.9 105.3 97.7 r 88.6 r
III 117.8 r 125.9 r 106.8 104.2 97.2 r 88.4 r
II 117.4 r 125.2 r 106.6 105.1 98.5 r 89.5 r
I 116.1 r 123.2 r 106.2 105.4 99.1 r 90.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I 2.5 2.0 -0.5 2.9 1.0 0.4
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 r 1.3 r 0.1 1.6 r 0.1 0.3 r
2013 IV 0.3 r 2.3 r 2.0 r 0.6 r -0.6 0.3
III -0.8 r -0.4 r 0.4 -0.5 -2.5 r 0.4 r
II 2.2 r -0.1 r -2.3 3.7 3.2 r 1.4 r
I 3.4 r 3.1 r -0.3 0.4 -0.8 r -2.9 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.0 r 1.2 r 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4 r
2012 IV 0.6 r 1.2 r 0.7 3.6 1.1 r 3.0 r
III -0.2 r 1.7 r 1.9 -0.8 -2.4 r -0.5 r
II -0.6 r -0.2 r 0.4 3.9 2.5 r 4.6 r
I -0.6 r 2.6 r 3.2 8.3 6.0 r 9.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 1.0 0.9 -0.1 1.7 0.2 0.6
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 r 1.3 r 0.1 1.6 r 0.1 0.3 r
2013 IV 1.2 r 1.2 -0.1 r 1.0 r -0.2 r -0.2
III 1.3 r 0.9 r -0.4 1.8 0.2 0.4
II 1.5 r 1.5 r 0.0 1.7 0.2 0.2 r
I 0.8 r 1.4 r 0.7 1.8 0.1 1.0 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.0 r 1.2 r 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4 r
2012 IV -0.2 r 1.3 r 1.5 3.7 1.8 3.9 r
III -0.4 r 1.1 r 1.5 2.1 0.4 2.5 r
II 0.2 1.3 1.1 2.3 0.3 2.1 r
I 0.5 r 1.3 r 0.8 1.6 -1.2 1.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 106.2 107.3 101.0 109.3 99.7 102.9
2013 ANNUAL 105.5 r 106.4 r 100.9 r 108.2 r 99.6 r 102.6 r
2013 IV 105.6 r 106.8 r 101.2 r 108.5 r 99.4 r 102.8 r
III 105.5 r 106.2 r 100.7 108.4 99.6 r 102.7 r
II 105.7 r 106.3 r 100.6 108.5 100.2 r 102.6 r
I 105.1 r 106.3 r 101.1 107.5 99.4 r 102.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 104.2 r 105.1 r 100.8 106.6 99.6 102.2 r
2012 IV 104.3 r 105.5 r 101.2 107.4 99.6 r 103.0 r
III 104.1 r 105.2 r 101.1 106.5 99.4 r 102.3 r
II 104.2 r 104.8 r 100.6 106.7 100.0 r 102.4 r
I 104.3 r 104.8 r 100.5 105.7 99.3 r 101.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 ANNUAL 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.8 -0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 3.1 1.2
2013 IV 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.8 0.5 -0.4 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.4
III -0.8 r 1.6 r 2.4 0.6 r -1.4 r 1.5 r 3.3 r 2.1 2.6 r 2.1
II 3.3 4.9 1.6 3.7 3.2 r 0.4 -5.6 -1.6 8.0 -0.3
I -4.2 -1.3 3.1 -6.2 -7.3 r -2.1 9.1 1.5 0.3 1.3
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.7 2.3 2.8 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.0 3.8 1.4
2012 IV 4.8 6.4 1.5 7.9 5.3 r 3.0 -4.2 0.6 9.6 1.8
III -3.4 -2.0 1.5 0.2 -1.5 r 3.7 3.0 3.5 -7.4 1.8
II 0.7 1.6 0.8 1.1 -0.3 r 0.3 1.1 0.6 5.8 1.3
I 5.4 8.9 3.3 11.8 9.4 r 6.1 -0.6 3.8 -2.2 2.9
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 3.0 2.8 2.1 -1.0 1.9 0.7 1.5 7.7 2.3
2011 IV 2.2 4.5 2.3 -3.9 -5.4 r -6.0 -1.3 -4.5 0.8 -3.7
III -3.8 -0.7 3.2 1.1 -1.5 r 5.1 3.2 4.5 7.6 4.9
II 2.1 6.4 4.2 -2.1 -6.7 r -4.1 -1.8 -3.3 54.1 3.1
I 4.8 6.1 1.2 9.5 5.0 r 4.5 -0.3 2.9 -16.9 0.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 ANNUAL 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.8 -0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 3.1 1.2
2013 IV 0.0 2.3 2.3 -0.1 -1.3 -0.2 1.9 0.5 3.1 0.9
III 0.7 2.9 2.1 1.4 -0.2 r 0.7 0.5 r 0.6 5.1 r 1.2
II 0.0 1.9 1.9 1.2 -0.2 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.4 1.2
I -0.6 1.1 1.7 0.6 -1.0 r 1.2 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.6
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.7 2.3 2.8 0.7 1.4 0.2 1.0 3.8 1.4
2012 IV 1.8 3.6 1.8 5.1 3.2 3.2 -0.2 2.1 1.2 2.0
III 1.2 3.2 2.0 2.1 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 -0.9 0.5
II 1.1 3.5 2.4 2.3 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.0 2.9 1.3
I 1.4 4.7 3.2 1.5 -1.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 13.1 1.7
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 3.0 2.8 2.1 -1.0 1.9 0.7 1.5 7.7 2.3
2011 IV 1.3 4.0 2.7 1.0 -2.2 r -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 8.5 1.0
III -0.7 2.1 2.8 2.1 -1.6 2.9 1.7 2.5 5.4 2.9
II 0.7 3.5 2.7 2.1 -1.2 1.4 0.4 1.0 12.8 2.6
I -0.2 2.6 2.8 3.3 1.2 3.5 0.9 2.6 4.1 2.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 ANNUAL 107.2 115.2 107.5 107.6 99.1 100.4 98.7 99.9 148.7 105.0
2013 IV 107.7 116.7 108.3 108.3 99.2 100.6 99.0 100.0 150.3 105.3
III 107.1 r 115.4 r 107.8 107.8 r 99.1 r 100.7 r 98.7 r 100.0 r 149.7 r 105.2
II 107.3 115.0 107.1 107.7 99.4 r 100.3 97.9 99.5 148.7 104.6
I 106.5 113.6 106.7 106.7 98.7 r 100.2 99.3 99.9 145.9 104.7
2012 ANNUAL 107.1 112.9 105.4 106.8 99.8 99.7 97.5 99.0 144.2 103.7
2012 IV 107.6 114.0 105.9 108.4 100.6 r 100.7 97.2 99.5 145.8 104.4
III 106.4 112.2 105.5 106.4 99.3 r 100.0 98.2 99.4 142.5 103.9
II 107.3 112.8 105.1 106.4 99.6 r 99.1 97.5 98.6 145.3 103.4
I 107.1 112.4 104.9 106.1 99.7 r 99.0 97.2 98.4 143.2 103.1
2011 ANNUAL 105.7 108.8 103.0 103.9 99.1 98.3 97.4 98.0 139.0 102.3
2011 IV 105.7 110.0 104.1 103.2 97.5 97.6 97.4 97.5 144.0 102.4
III 105.2 108.8 103.5 104.2 98.8 r 99.1 97.7 98.6 143.8 103.3
II 106.2 109.0 102.7 103.9 99.2 r 97.9 96.9 97.6 141.2 102.1
I 105.6 107.3 101.6 104.5 101.0 r 98.9 97.4 98.4 126.7 101.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 7, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30
days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the
business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly
index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial
value by between -1.6 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the
time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure between
the fourth quarter of 1995 and the fourth quarter of 2013.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2013 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital,
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published
in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience.
Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to
three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
United States Department of Labor
