Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 13-1101
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 5, 2013
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
First Quarter 2013, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 0.5 percent
annual rate during the first quarter of 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The increase in productivity reflects increases
of 2.1 percent in output and 1.6 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly
percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
From the first quarter of 2012 to the first quarter of 2013, productivity
increased 0.9 percent as output and hours worked increased 2.4 percent and
1.5 percent, respectively. (See table A.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index
of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses fell 4.3 percent in the first
quarter of 2013, the combined effect of a 3.8 percent decrease in hourly
compensation and the 0.5 percent increase in productivity. The decline in
hourly compensation is the largest in the series, which begins in 1947.
However, over the last four quarters hourly compensation increased 2.0
percent and unit labor costs rose 1.1 percent. (See table A.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector productivity increased 3.5 percent in the first
quarter of 2013, as output rose 5.3 percent and hours worked increased 1.8
percent. In the durable and nondurable manufacturing sectors, productivity
increased 3.5 percent and 3.9 percent, respectively. From the first
quarter of 2012 to the first quarter of 2013, manufacturing sector
productivity rose 1.6 percent as output grew 2.5 percent and hours rose
0.9 percent. Unit labor costs in manufacturing decreased 10.0 percent in
the first quarter of 2013, due to both the 3.5 percent increase in
productivity and a 6.9 percent decrease in hourly compensation. Over the
last four quarters, hourly compensation increased 4.5 percent and unit
labor costs increased 2.8 percent. (See tables A and 3.)
Preliminary first-quarter 2013 measures were announced today for the
nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased 0.3 percent in the
first quarter as output and hours increased 3.3 percent and 3.0 percent,
respectively. Output per hour rose 0.6 percent over the last four
quarters. (See tables C and 6.)
The concepts, sources, and methods underlying manufacturing output and
nonfinancial corporate output measures differ from those used in the
business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not
directly comparable. See Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
The measures released today are based on more recent source data than
were available for the preliminary report. Revisions were also based
on corrections to hours worked and related measures for the business
and nonfarm business sectors for the first quarter of 2013. (See text
box.)
Revised Measures
Tables B and C present previous and revised productivity and related
measures for the major sectors: business, nonfarm business, and
manufacturing sectors, as well as the nonfinancial corporate sector.
In the first quarter of 2013, nonfarm business productivity growth
increased 0.5 percent, down slightly from the preliminary estimate, as
output was revised downward more than hours worked. Unit labor costs were
revised downward due solely to the large downward revision to hourly
compensation. In the business sector, output per hour was revised upward
for the first quarter of 2013, due primarily to correction of an hours
calculation error. The error principally affected the farm sector, which is
part of the business sector. In the manufacturing sector, productivity
increased 3.5 percent in first-quarter 2013, slightly less than reported
May 2. Manufacturing unit labor costs fell much more than previously
reported due to a large downward revision to hourly compensation.
In the fourth quarter of 2012, nonfarm business and business sector
productivity were unrevised from the preliminary release May 2.
Productivity was revised upward slightly in the manufacturing sector. In
contrast to the first-quarter 2013 revisions, large upward revisions to
hourly compensation in fourth-quarter 2012 drove large upward revisions to
unit labor costs in all sectors.
In the nonfinancial corporate sector, fourth-quarter productivity growth
was revised upwards due solely to an upward revision in output; hours were
unrevised. (See table C.)
____________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for second-quarter
2013 is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 16, 2013 at 8:30 a.m.
(EDT)
==============================================================================
Productivity and Costs Data Corrections
The Productivity and Costs data released on May 2 contained incorrect
hours worked and related measures, including labor productivity, for the
business and nonfarm business sectors for the first quarter of 2013.
Today’s news release incorporates corrected hours data in addition to
other source data that have been revised. Preliminary measures will not be
re-released.
==============================================================================
======================================================================================================
Table A. Revised first-quarter 2013 measures: percent change from previous quarter at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 0.5 0.9 2.0 1.2 3.5 1.6 3.5 2.7 3.9 0.5
Output 2.1 2.4 3.1 2.4 5.3 2.5 6.4 3.8 4.2 1.2
Hours 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.8 0.9 2.8 1.0 0.2 0.7
Hourly
compensation -3.8 2.0 -3.1 2.3 -6.9 4.5 -8.1 5.4 -4.9 2.7
Real hourly
compensation -5.2 0.3 -4.6 0.6 -8.3 2.8 -9.4 3.6 -6.4 1.0
Unit labor
costs -4.3 1.1 -5.0 1.1 -10.0 2.8 -11.2 2.6 -8.5 2.3
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: first quarter 2013 and fourth quarter 2012
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013
Productivity 0.5 0.7 2.0 1.2 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.6
Output 2.1 2.5 3.1 3.3 5.3 5.6 6.4 6.5 4.2 4.7
Hours 1.6 1.8 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.8 2.7 0.2 0.1
Hourly
compensation -3.8 1.2 -3.1 0.9 -6.9 3.3 -8.1 3.0 -4.9 3.7
Real hourly
compensation -5.2 -0.3 -4.6 -0.6 -8.3 1.8 -9.4 1.4 -6.4 2.2
Unit labor
costs -4.3 0.5 -5.0 -0.3 -10.0 -0.5 -11.2 -0.6 -8.5 -0.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2012
Productivity -1.7 -1.7 -1.6 -1.6 2.4 2.2 3.3 3.3 1.4 1.0
Output 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.6 3.8 3.8 1.5 1.2
Hours 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2
Hourly
compensation 9.9 2.7 10.2 3.0 16.7 0.4 19.0 0.2 12.4 0.6
Real hourly
compensation 7.5 0.4 7.8 0.8 14.2 -1.8 16.4 -2.0 10.0 -1.6
Unit labor
costs 11.8 4.4 12.0 4.7 14.0 -1.8 15.2 -3.0 10.9 -0.4
======================================================================================================
Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: preliminary first-quarter 2013 and revised fourth-quarter 2012
productivity and cost measures
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013
Q to Q 0.3 3.3 3.0 -1.2 -2.7 -1.5 -6.3 -0.2
Y to Y 0.6 2.2 1.6 2.5 0.8 1.9 0.5 1.4
Percent change, annual rate, fourth quarter 2012
Revised 5.6 7.5 1.8 7.1 4.7 1.4 1.8 -0.6
Previous 2.3 4.1 1.8 1.5 -0.7 -0.7 5.2 -0.6
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs
held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also
provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours
at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier
years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly
hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS
features measures of employment that count each person only once and
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at
all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS
also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures
use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all
hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours
data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions
also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 77
percent of the value of GDP in 2012. Nonfarm business, which excludes
farming, accounted for about 76 percent of GDP in 2012.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted
to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output
prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries:
wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing;
primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing;
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing;
electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment
manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and
miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing;
beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product
mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing;
paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum
and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and
rubber products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of
bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in
the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for
about 50 percent of the value of GDP in 2012.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They
show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services
produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work
of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather,
they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in
technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity,
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill;
and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private
households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to
derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor
compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be
estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly
compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation
for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary
pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit
labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases
and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented
in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of
the previous year, and as index number series where 2005=100. Annual data
are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the
previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity
and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent
changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index
numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the
BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division
of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 2.0 r 3.1 r 1.1 r -3.1 r -4.6 r -5.0 r 9.5 r 0.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.6 2.8 2.2 1.9 r -0.2 r 1.2 r 2.8 r 1.9
2012 IV -1.6 0.5 2.1 10.2 r 7.8 r 12.0 r -13.3 r 0.5
III 2.8 4.2 1.4 1.3 -0.8 -1.5 9.5 3.1
II 1.6 1.9 0.3 1.2 0.2 -0.4 4.2 1.5
I -0.8 2.7 3.5 5.5 3.1 6.3 -4.2 1.7
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 2.4 2.0 2.5 -0.6 2.2 2.3 2.2
2011 IV 2.4 5.4 3.0 -1.1 -2.5 -3.4 4.6 -0.1
III -0.2 1.7 1.9 -1.1 -3.9 -0.9 9.8 3.5
II 0.5 2.9 2.4 -0.4 -4.8 -0.9 8.9 3.0
I -1.9 -0.5 1.4 9.7 5.1 11.8 -10.5 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 1.2 r 2.4 r 1.2 r 2.3 r 0.6 r 1.1 r 2.0 r 1.5
2012 ANNUAL 0.6 2.8 2.2 1.9 r -0.2 r 1.2 r 2.8 r 1.9
2012 IV 0.5 2.3 1.8 4.5 r 2.5 r 4.0 r -1.3 r 1.7
III 1.5 3.6 2.0 1.7 0.0 0.2 3.4 1.5
II 0.8 2.9 2.2 1.1 -0.8 0.3 3.5 1.6
I 0.5 3.2 2.7 0.7 -2.1 0.2 4.6 2.0
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 2.4 2.0 2.5 -0.6 2.2 2.3 2.2
2011 IV 0.2 2.4 2.2 1.7 -1.6 1.5 2.9 2.1
III -0.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 -1.7 2.1 3.6 2.7
II 0.7 2.6 1.9 2.8 -0.6 2.0 2.6 2.3
I 0.5 2.6 2.1 3.5 1.4 3.0 0.4 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 111.4 r 109.3 r 98.1 r 122.0 r 102.6 r 109.5 r 123.0 r 114.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 110.6 107.5 97.3 120.5 r 102.5 r 109.0 r 122.0 r 114.1
2012 IV 110.9 108.5 97.8 123.0 r 103.8 r 110.9 r 120.3 r 114.6
III 111.3 108.4 97.3 120.0 101.9 107.8 124.7 114.5
II 110.6 107.3 97.0 119.7 102.1 108.2 121.8 113.6
I 110.1 106.7 96.9 119.3 102.0 108.3 120.6 113.2
2011 ANNUAL 109.9 104.6 95.2 118.3 102.7 107.7 118.7 112.0
2011 IV 110.3 106.0 96.1 117.7 101.3 106.7 121.9 112.7
III 109.7 104.6 95.4 118.1 101.9 107.6 120.5 112.7
II 109.7 104.2 94.9 118.4 102.9 107.9 117.7 111.8
I 109.6 103.5 94.4 118.5 104.2 108.1 115.3 110.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 0.5 r 2.1 r 1.6 r -3.8 r -5.2 r -4.3 r 7.6 r 0.5 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.7 2.9 2.2 1.9 r -0.2 r 1.2 r 2.9 r 1.9
2012 IV -1.7 0.7 2.4 9.9 r 7.5 r 11.8 r -13.9 r 0.2
III 3.1 4.7 1.6 1.2 -0.9 -1.9 9.3 2.7
II 1.7 2.1 0.4 1.2 0.2 -0.5 4.7 1.6
I -0.7 2.7 3.4 5.6 3.2 6.4 -4.0 1.9
2011 ANNUAL 0.6 2.6 2.0 2.6 -0.6 2.0 1.8 1.9
2011 IV 2.3 5.3 2.9 -1.2 -2.5 -3.4 5.1 0.1
III -0.1 1.6 1.7 -0.8 -3.6 -0.6 9.6 3.5
II 0.6 3.4 2.8 -0.8 -5.2 -1.4 9.1 2.8
I -1.3 -0.1 1.1 10.0 5.3 11.4 -11.6 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 0.9 2.4 r 1.5 2.0 r 0.3 r 1.1 r 1.5 r 1.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.7 2.9 2.2 1.9 r -0.2 r 1.2 r 2.9 r 1.9
2012 IV 0.6 2.5 1.9 4.4 r 2.5 r 3.8 r -1.4 r 1.6
III 1.6 3.7 2.1 1.7 0.0 0.1 3.6 1.6
II 0.8 2.9 2.1 1.2 -0.7 0.4 3.7 1.8
I 0.5 3.2 2.7 0.7 -2.1 0.2 4.8 2.1
2011 ANNUAL 0.6 2.6 2.0 2.6 -0.6 2.0 1.8 1.9
2011 IV 0.4 2.5 2.1 1.7 -1.6 1.3 2.6 1.9
III 0.2 2.2 1.9 2.1 -1.6 1.8 3.0 2.3
II 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.7 -0.6 1.6 2.0 1.8
I 0.8 2.9 2.1 3.6 1.5 2.8 -0.2 1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 111.3 r 109.4 r 98.3 r 121.9 r 102.5 r 109.5 r 121.7 r 114.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 110.8 107.8 97.3 120.7 r 102.6 r 108.9 r 121.4 r 113.8
2012 IV 111.2 108.9 97.9 123.1 r 103.9 r 110.7 r 119.5 r 114.1
III 111.7 108.7 97.3 120.2 102.0 107.7 124.0 114.1
II 110.8 107.4 96.9 119.9 102.3 108.2 121.3 113.3
I 110.4 106.9 96.9 119.5 102.2 108.3 119.9 112.9
2011 ANNUAL 110.1 104.7 95.2 118.4 102.8 107.6 117.9 111.7
2011 IV 110.5 106.2 96.1 117.9 101.4 106.6 121.2 112.4
III 109.9 104.8 95.4 118.2 102.1 107.6 119.7 112.3
II 110.0 104.4 95.0 118.5 103.0 107.7 117.0 111.4
I 109.8 103.5 94.3 118.7 104.4 108.1 114.4 110.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 3.5 r 5.3 r 1.8 r -6.9 r -8.3 r -10.0 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.2 2.3 3.2 r 1.1 r 1.3 r
2012 IV 2.4 r 2.7 r 0.4 16.7 r 14.2 r 14.0 r
III -0.3 0.1 0.4 0.6 -1.5 0.8
II 1.0 2.1 1.1 9.1 8.1 8.1
I 4.3 8.4 3.9 7.3 4.8 2.8
2011 ANNUAL 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.8 -0.4 1.4
2011 IV 0.4 5.4 4.9 -6.1 -7.4 -6.5
III 5.4 5.1 -0.3 0.5 -2.4 -4.7
II -3.1 -0.3 2.9 -2.5 -6.8 0.6
I 1.3 3.7 2.4 12.2 7.4 10.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 1.6 r 2.5 r 0.9 4.5 r 2.8 r 2.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.2 2.3 3.2 r 1.1 r 1.3 r
2012 IV 1.8 3.3 r 1.4 8.3 r 6.3 r 6.3 r
III 1.3 3.9 2.6 2.5 0.8 1.2
II 2.7 5.2 2.4 2.5 0.6 -0.2
I 1.7 4.6 2.8 -0.3 -3.1 -2.0
2011 ANNUAL 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.8 -0.4 1.4
2011 IV 0.9 3.4 2.5 0.8 -2.5 -0.2
III 1.3 2.6 1.2 2.8 -1.0 1.4
II 0.3 2.6 2.3 3.0 -0.4 2.6
I 3.1 5.6 2.4 4.7 2.5 1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 116.2 r 101.1 r 87.0 r 124.7 r 104.8 r 107.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 114.7 r 99.2 r 86.4 122.6 r 104.2 r 106.9 r
2012 IV 115.2 r 99.8 r 86.6 126.9 r 107.1 r 110.1 r
III 114.6 99.1 86.5 122.1 103.6 106.6
II 114.7 99.1 86.4 121.9 104.0 106.4
I 114.4 98.6 86.2 119.3 102.0 104.3
2011 ANNUAL 112.6 95.1 84.5 118.7 103.1 105.5
2011 IV 113.2 96.6 85.4 117.2 100.8 103.6
III 113.1 95.4 84.4 119.1 102.8 105.3
II 111.6 94.2 84.4 119.0 103.4 106.6
I 112.5 94.3 83.8 119.7 105.3 106.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 3.5 r 6.4 r 2.8 r -8.1 r -9.4 r -11.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.1 2.9 3.8 r 1.7 r -0.3 r
2012 IV 3.3 3.8 0.5 19.0 r 16.4 r 15.2 r
III 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.3 -1.7 0.0
II 3.7 5.0 1.3 12.4 11.3 8.4
I 8.5 13.0 4.2 8.8 6.3 0.3
2011 ANNUAL 2.9 6.8 3.8 3.0 -0.1 0.1
2011 IV 1.8 9.7 7.8 -8.3 -9.5 -9.9
III 8.4 7.8 -0.6 1.1 -1.8 -6.8
II -4.4 0.3 5.0 -3.9 -8.2 0.5
I 2.5 7.5 4.9 15.4 10.5 12.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 2.7 3.8 1.0 5.4 r 3.6 r 2.6 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.1 2.9 3.8 r 1.7 r -0.3 r
2012 IV 3.9 5.4 1.4 9.9 r 7.9 r 5.8 r
III 3.5 6.8 3.2 3.0 1.3 -0.5
II 5.5 8.8 3.1 3.2 1.3 -2.2
I 3.4 7.6 4.1 -0.8 -3.5 -4.1
2011 ANNUAL 2.9 6.8 3.8 3.0 -0.1 0.1
2011 IV 2.0 6.3 4.2 0.7 -2.6 -1.3
III 2.3 5.0 2.6 3.2 -0.5 0.9
II 1.1 5.7 4.5 2.6 -0.7 1.5
I 6.3 10.5 3.9 5.6 3.4 -0.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 120.3 r 103.9 r 86.3 r 126.5 r 106.4 r 105.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 118.2 r 101.3 r 85.6 124.2 r 105.6 r 105.0 r
2012 IV 119.3 r 102.3 r 85.7 129.2 r 109.1 r 108.3 r
III 118.3 101.3 85.6 123.7 105.0 104.6
II 118.2 101.3 85.7 123.6 105.5 104.6
I 117.2 100.1 85.4 120.1 102.7 102.5
2011 ANNUAL 113.6 94.5 83.2 119.6 103.8 105.3
2011 IV 114.8 97.1 84.6 117.6 101.1 102.4
III 114.3 94.9 83.0 120.1 103.7 105.1
II 112.0 93.1 83.1 119.8 104.2 107.0
I 113.3 93.0 82.1 121.0 106.4 106.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 3.9 r 4.2 r 0.2 r -4.9 r -6.4 r -8.5 r
2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.0 r -0.1 r 2.1 r
2012 IV 1.4 r 1.5 r 0.2 12.4 r 10.0 r 10.9 r
III -1.4 0.2 1.6 1.1 -0.9 2.6
II -1.9 -1.1 0.8 3.1 2.1 5.1
I 0.0 3.4 3.4 4.2 1.9 4.2
2011 ANNUAL 1.1 0.5 -0.6 2.0 -1.1 0.9
2011 IV 0.5 0.8 0.3 -2.5 -3.8 -3.0
III 2.0 2.2 0.2 -0.6 -3.5 -2.6
II -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 -4.5 0.3
I 1.3 -0.3 -1.6 6.0 1.5 4.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 0.5 r 1.2 0.7 2.7 r 1.0 r 2.3 r
2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.0 r -0.1 r 2.1 r
2012 IV -0.5 r 1.0 r 1.5 5.1 r 3.2 r 5.6 r
III -0.7 0.8 1.5 1.5 -0.2 2.2
II 0.2 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.9 0.9
I 0.5 1.4 0.9 0.2 -2.5 -0.3
2011 ANNUAL 1.1 0.5 -0.6 2.0 -1.1 0.9
2011 IV 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.6 -2.6 -0.2
III 1.2 0.2 -1.0 1.6 -2.0 0.4
II 1.1 -0.2 -1.2 3.1 -0.3 2.0
I 1.3 1.4 0.1 2.8 0.6 1.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 109.7 r 96.7 r 88.2 r 121.3 r 102.0 r 110.6 r
2012 ANNUAL 108.7 r 95.5 r 87.9 119.8 r 101.8 r 110.2 r
2012 IV 108.7 r 95.7 r 88.1 122.8 r 103.7 r 113.0 r
III 108.3 95.4 88.1 119.3 101.3 110.2
II 108.7 95.3 87.7 119.0 101.5 109.5
I 109.2 95.6 87.6 118.0 100.9 108.1
2011 ANNUAL 108.8 94.4 86.8 117.5 102.0 107.9
2011 IV 109.2 94.8 86.8 116.8 100.5 107.0
III 109.0 94.6 86.8 117.6 101.5 107.8
II 108.5 94.1 86.7 117.7 102.4 108.5
I 108.6 94.3 86.8 117.8 103.6 108.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 I 0.3 3.3 3.0 -1.2 -2.7 -1.5 6.9 0.9 -6.3 -0.2
2012 ANNUAL 0.7 r 3.0 r 2.3 2.2 r 0.1 r 1.5 r -0.5 r 0.9 4.9 r 1.5
2012 IV 5.6 r 7.5 r 1.8 7.1 r 4.7 r 1.4 r -6.6 r -1.0 r 1.8 r -0.6
III -4.7 -3.8 1.0 1.5 -0.5 6.5 5.7 6.3 -1.3 5.2
II 1.4 2.1 0.6 2.7 1.7 1.2 -2.1 0.2 8.5 1.4
I 1.5 5.1 3.5 5.9 3.4 4.3 -2.1 2.4 -2.1 1.7
2011 ANNUAL 0.8 3.6 2.8 2.4 -0.8 1.6 2.2 1.8 6.0 2.3
2011 IV 3.4 6.2 2.6 -1.3 -2.6 -4.5 -2.7 -4.0 6.2 -2.6
III -4.2 -1.5 2.8 -0.7 -3.6 3.6 7.1 4.6 2.8 4.4
II 3.1 7.1 3.9 -1.1 -5.5 -4.1 -2.2 -3.5 50.3 2.3
I 4.9 6.7 1.8 10.4 5.8 5.3 2.6 4.5 -14.7 1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 I 0.6 2.2 1.6 2.5 0.8 1.9 0.8 1.6 0.5 1.4
2012 ANNUAL 0.7 r 3.0 r 2.3 2.2 r 0.1 r 1.5 r -0.5 r 0.9 4.9 r 1.5
2012 IV 0.9 r 2.6 r 1.7 4.2 r 2.3 r 3.3 r -1.4 r 1.9 r 1.6 r 1.9
III 0.4 2.3 1.9 2.2 0.5 1.8 -0.4 1.2 2.7 1.4
II 0.5 2.9 2.4 1.6 -0.3 1.1 0.0 0.8 3.8 1.2
I 0.9 4.1 3.2 0.6 -2.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 12.6 1.4
2011 ANNUAL 0.8 3.6 2.8 2.4 -0.8 1.6 2.2 1.8 6.0 2.3
2011 IV 1.7 4.5 2.8 1.7 -1.6 0.0 1.1 0.3 8.8 1.4
III -0.2 2.6 2.7 1.8 -1.8 2.0 3.7 2.5 4.8 2.8
II 1.4 4.2 2.8 2.6 -0.7 1.2 1.7 1.4 10.8 2.6
I 0.1 3.0 2.8 3.3 1.1 3.1 2.2 2.9 -0.4 2.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2013 I 111.1 109.8 98.8 122.1 102.7 109.9 118.5 112.3 125.4 114.0
2012 ANNUAL 110.4 r 107.8 r 97.6 120.5 r 102.4 r 109.1 r 117.4 r 111.4 r 126.6 r 113.3 r
2012 IV 111.0 r 108.9 r 98.1 122.5 r 103.4 r 110.3 r 116.6 r 112.0 r 127.4 r 114.0
III 109.5 106.9 97.6 120.4 102.2 109.9 118.6 112.3 126.9 114.2
II 110.8 107.9 97.4 119.9 102.3 108.2 116.9 110.6 127.3 112.7
I 110.4 107.4 97.2 119.2 101.9 107.9 117.6 110.6 124.7 112.4
2011 ANNUAL 109.7 104.6 95.4 117.9 102.4 107.5 117.9 110.4 120.7 111.7
2011 IV 110.0 106.1 96.4 117.5 101.0 106.8 118.2 109.9 125.4 111.9
III 109.1 104.5 95.8 117.8 101.7 108.0 119.0 111.1 123.5 112.6
II 110.3 104.9 95.1 118.1 102.6 107.1 117.0 109.8 122.7 111.4
I 109.5 103.1 94.2 118.4 104.1 108.2 117.6 110.8 110.8 110.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. June 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Hours
and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30
days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the
business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly
index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial
value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of
the time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure
between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the fourth quarter of 2012.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2012 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
United States Department of Labor
