Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 14-1431
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, August 8, 2014
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Second Quarter 2014, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.5 percent annual
rate during the second quarter of 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today, as hours increased 2.7 percent and output increased 5.2
percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally
adjusted annual rates.) From the second quarter of 2013 to the second quarter
of 2014, productivity increased 1.2 percent as output and hours worked rose
3.2 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively. (See table A.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of
real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including employees,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Historical Revisions to Productivity and Costs Data
Data in this release reflect the comprehensive revision to the National
Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) released by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on July 30, 2014. See Revised
measures section.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses increased 0.6 percent in the second
quarter of 2014, as the 3.1 percent increase in hourly compensation was
larger than the increase in productivity. Unit labor costs increased 1.9
percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A and 2.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector productivity increased 3.6 percent in the second quarter
of 2014, as output increased 7.0 percent and hours worked increased 3.2
percent. Productivity increased 2.9 percent in the durable goods sector and
increased 5.9 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four
quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 2.1 percent, as output
increased 3.7 percent and hours increased 1.5 percent. Unit labor costs in
manufacturing decreased 1.3 percent in the second quarter of 2014 and
increased 0.8 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series
differ from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series;
these output measures are not directly comparable. See Technical Notes for a
more detailed explanation.
Revised measures
Output and related measures--including productivity and unit labor costs--in
the business and nonfarm business sectors were subject to revision for the
entire series going back to 1947. The most notable revisions in these series
are generally limited to the period from 2010 onward. Hourly compensation and
related measures for all sectors were subject to revision back to 2010.
Measures of output for the business and nonfarm business sectors and measures
of compensation for all sectors incorporate the revised National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) data released on July 30 by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Hours were revised for the business and
nonfarm business sectors for 2010 forward to include revised NIPA data on
government enterprises and to incorporate revised NIPA data on the proportion
of sector compensation paid to employees of nonprofit institutions.
Table B presents revised and previous productivity and related measures for
the nonfarm business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the first
quarter of 2014 and table C presents annual data for nonfarm business and
total manufacturing from 2011 to 2013. Revised quarterly and annual series
for recent years appear in tables 1-6 for all sectors and annual indexes for
all years appear in appendix tables 1-3 for business, nonfarm business, and
nonfinancial corporate sectors. Full historical annual and quarterly measures
can be found on the productivity and costs home page: www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
In the first quarter of 2014, nonfarm business productivity decreased 4.5
percent--rather than falling 3.2 percent as reported June 4--reflecting a
downward revision to output which was larger than a small downward revision
to hours. This decline in productivity was the largest since the fourth
quarter of 1981, when productivity decreased 4.7 percent. Unit labor costs
rose 11.8 percent in the first quarter of 2014--more than double the
previously reported rate--due to both the downward revision to productivity
and an upward revision to hourly compensation. Real hourly compensation
increased 4.8 percent after revision, rather than the previous estimate of
0.4 percent. In the manufacturing sector, productivity growth in the first
quarter was 3.2 percent, as output growth was revised down and hours were not
revised. Unit labor costs increased 5.0 percent, rather than falling 0.4
percent as previously reported, due to both the downward revision to
productivity and an upward revision to hourly compensation.
Annual Average productivity growth for 2013 in the nonfarm business sector
was revised up to 0.9 percent from a previous estimate of 0.5 percent due to
an upward revision to output. (See table C). Unit labor costs increased 0.2
percent, less than the 1.1 percent gain reported June 4. Productivity was
revised down in both 2012 and 2011, to increases of 1.0 percent and 0.1
percent in those years, respectively. Growth in unit labor costs was revised
up from 1.2 percent to 1.7 percent in 2012, and from 2.0 percent to 2.1
percent in 2011.
In the manufacturing sector, annual average productivity growth was not
revised. Unit labor costs declined 1.6 percent in 2013, rather than 1.3
percent as previously reported. In 2012, unit labor costs fell 0.2 percent
after revision, and in 2011 increased 0.8 percent rather than the previous
estimate of 0.4 percent.
Nonfinancial corporate sector output and related measures were subject to
revision for the entire series going back to 1947, and hourly compensation
and related measures were revised back to 2010. First-quarter 2014
productivity growth was revised up to a decline of 0.9 percent; the revision
was due solely to an upward revision to output. Annual average productivity in
2013 and 2012 grew more than previously reported--reflecting upward revisions
to output in both years, and in 2011 a downward revision to productivity was
due to a downward revision to output. (See tables D and 6.)
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for second-quarter 2014 is
scheduled to be released on Thursday, September 4, 2014 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary second-quarter 2014 measures: percent change from previous quarter
at annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 2.5 1.2 2.0 0.8 3.6 2.1 2.9 2.7 5.9 2.0
Output 5.2 3.2 4.9 3.0 7.0 3.7 8.8 5.2 5.0 2.1
Hours 2.7 2.0 2.8 2.1 3.2 1.5 5.7 2.4 -0.9 0.0
Hourly
compensation 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.9 1.5 2.4 3.1 3.8
Real hourly
compensation 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.9 -0.8 0.9 -1.4 0.3 0.1 1.7
Unit labor
costs 0.6 1.9 1.0 2.1 -1.3 0.8 -1.3 -0.3 -2.7 1.7
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: first quarter 2014
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2014
Productivity -4.5 -3.2 -5.0 -3.5 3.2 3.8 3.4 4.1 2.8 3.3
Output -2.4 -1.1 -3.3 -1.7 1.5 2.2 1.7 2.3 1.4 2.1
Hours 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.8 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2
Hourly
compensation 6.8 2.3 7.1 2.6 8.3 3.4 8.9 2.5 7.0 5.0
Real hourly
compensation 4.8 0.4 5.1 0.7 6.2 1.5 6.9 0.6 5.0 3.1
Unit labor
costs 11.8 5.7 12.7 6.3 5.0 -0.4 5.4 -1.5 4.1 1.7
===================================================================================================================
Table C. Revised and previous annual average measures: 2011-2013
Sector Nonfarm Business | Manufacturing
|
2013 2012 2011 | 2013 2012 2011
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous| Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
---------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------
Percent change | Percent change
|
Productivity 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.5 | 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0
Output 2.6 2.2 3.2 3.7 2.2 2.5 | 2.9 2.9 4.3 4.3 3.1 3.1
Hours 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 | 0.7 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1
Hourly |
compensation 1.1 1.6 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.5 | 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.3
Real hourly |
compensation -0.3 0.1 0.6 0.5 -0.9 -0.7 | -0.8 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -1.4 -1.8
Unit labor |
costs 0.2 1.1 1.7 1.2 2.1 2.0 | -1.6 -1.3 -0.2 0.0 0.8 0.4
===================================================================================================================
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: revised and previous first-quarter 2014 measures, and revised
annual measures 2011-2013
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2014
Revised -0.9 0.9 1.8 6.8 4.8 7.8 -27.0 0.5
Previous -3.9 -2.2 1.8 2.1 0.2 6.3 -27.2 0.3
Percent change, annual average
2013 0.3 2.3 2.0 1.4 -0.1 1.1 1.4 0.9
2012 1.9 4.3 2.3 2.9 0.8 0.9 7.9 1.4
2011 -0.2 2.5 2.8 2.1 -1.0 2.4 3.1 2.3
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary
source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the
number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of
production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly
paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted
for this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of
Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work
for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors,
and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for
government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the
National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two
or more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the
CPS features measures of employment that count each person only once
and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours
worked at all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job.
However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on
employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs,
separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed
information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the
correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the
CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted
index constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP)
the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions,
and private households (including owner-occupied housing).
Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. Business
output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of GDP in 2013.
Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74
percent of GDP in 2013.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable
goods components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry
value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with
deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the
BLS producer price program and other sources. The industry shipments
are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector transactions are
removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the
index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent
with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product
manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary
metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing;
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product
manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing;
transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product
manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include:
food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing;
textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather
and allied product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and
related support activities; petroleum and coal products
manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber
products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted
index calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes
earned from production. The output measure excludes the following
outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private
households; unincorporated business; and those corporations
classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other
holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector.
Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 49 percent of the value
of GDP in 2013.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production.
They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods
and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output
to hours at work of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not
measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other
factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment;
level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the
organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics
and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and
taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based
primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by
the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government,
nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from
compensation of domestic employees to derive employee compensation
for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot
be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as
employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and
cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid
family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and
productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an
indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly
compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases
offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are
presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter
presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number
series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index number
series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the
productivity and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place.
All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. These index
numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm,
or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity.
(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 II 2.0 4.9 2.8 3.0 0.0 1.0 3.6 2.1
I -5.0 r -3.3 r 1.8 7.1 r 5.1 r 12.7 r -11.8 r 1.3
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.7 r 1.5 1.4 r -0.1 r 0.2 r 3.1 r 1.4 r
2013 IV 3.1 r 4.6 r 1.5 1.7 r 0.5 r -1.4 r 4.0 r 1.0 r
III 3.5 r 5.9 r 2.4 r 0.3 r -1.7 r -3.1 r 7.9 r 1.6 r
II 0.7 r 2.1 r 1.4 3.8 r 3.4 3.1 r -1.7 1.0 r
I 2.1 r 3.2 r 1.1 -5.6 r -6.7 r -7.6 r 14.6 r 1.4 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.9 r 3.1 r 2.2 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.9 r 1.7 r 1.8
2012 IV -2.0 r -0.1 r 1.9 10.8 r 8.1 r 13.0 r -12.3 r 1.3 r
III 1.3 r 3.1 r 1.8 0.0 r -1.6 r -1.3 6.5 r 2.0 r
II 1.8 r 2.3 r 0.4 0.8 r -0.5 r -1.0 r 6.5 r 2.2 r
I -0.1 r 3.1 r 3.3 11.6 r 9.2 r 11.7 r -10.0 r 1.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 II 0.8 3.0 2.1 3.0 0.9 2.1 0.6 1.5
I 0.5 r 2.3 r 1.7 3.2 r 1.8 r 2.7 r -0.7 r 1.2
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.7 r 1.5 1.4 r -0.1 r 0.2 r 3.1 r 1.4 r
2013 IV 2.4 r 4.0 r 1.6 0.0 r -1.2 r -2.3 r 6.0 r 1.2 r
III 1.1 r 2.8 r 1.7 2.1 r 0.6 r 1.1 r 1.6 r 1.3 r
II 0.5 r 2.1 1.5 2.1 r 0.6 r 1.5 r 1.3 r 1.4 r
I 0.8 r 2.1 r 1.3 1.3 r -0.3 r 0.5 r 3.3 r 1.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.9 r 3.1 r 2.2 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.9 r 1.7 r 1.8
2012 IV 0.3 r 2.1 r 1.8 r 5.7 r 3.7 r 5.4 r -2.7 r 1.8
III 1.6 r 3.6 r 2.0 r 1.8 r 0.1 r 0.2 r 3.6 r 1.7
II 1.0 r 3.1 r 2.1 2.3 r 0.4 r 1.3 r 2.6 r 1.8
I 0.8 r 3.5 r 2.7 1.6 r -1.2 r 0.8 r 3.8 r 2.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 II 105.8 113.9 107.6 111.8 101.2 105.7 111.5 108.1
I 105.3 r 112.5 r 106.9 r 111.0 r 101.2 r 105.4 r 110.5 r 107.5 r
2013 ANNUAL 105.5 r 111.6 r 105.7 r 108.5 r 99.9 r 102.8 r 112.2 r 106.7 r
2013 IV 106.6 r 113.5 r 106.4 r 109.1 r 99.9 r 102.3 r 114.0 r 107.2 r
III 105.8 r 112.2 r 106.0 r 108.6 r 99.8 r 102.7 r 112.9 r 106.9 r
II 104.9 r 110.6 r 105.4 r 108.6 r 100.3 r 103.5 r 110.7 r 106.5 r
I 104.7 r 110.0 r 105.1 r 107.5 r 99.4 r 102.7 r 111.2 r 106.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 104.3 r 108.6 r 104.2 r 107.0 r 99.9 r 102.6 r 108.9 r 105.2 r
2012 IV 104.2 r 109.1 r 104.8 r 109.1 r 101.2 r 104.7 r 107.5 r 105.9 r
III 104.7 r 109.2 r 104.3 r 106.4 r 99.2 r 101.6 r 111.1 r 105.6 r
II 104.3 r 108.3 r 103.8 r 106.3 r 99.6 r 101.9 r 109.3 r 105.0 r
I 103.9 r 107.7 r 103.7 r 106.1 r 99.8 r 102.2 r 107.6 r 104.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 II 2.5 5.2 2.7 3.1 0.1 0.6 3.5 1.8
I -4.5 r -2.4 r 2.1 r 6.8 r 4.8 r 11.8 r -12.0 r 0.8 r
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 r 2.6 r 1.7 1.1 r -0.3 r 0.2 r 2.9 r 1.4 r
2013 IV 3.3 r 4.7 r 1.4 1.9 r 0.7 r -1.3 r 5.0 r 1.4
III 3.6 r 5.6 r 1.9 0.7 r -1.4 r -2.9 r 8.5 1.9 r
II 0.5 r 2.0 r 1.5 3.7 r 3.2 r 3.2 r -0.7 1.5 r
I 0.8 r 2.4 r 1.6 -6.3 r -7.4 r -7.0 r 12.7 r 0.9 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.0 r 3.2 r 2.2 2.7 r 0.6 r 1.7 r 2.0 r 1.8
2012 IV -2.0 r 0.1 r 2.2 10.4 r 7.8 r 12.7 r -12.8 r 1.0 r
III 1.7 r 3.7 r 2.0 -0.2 r -1.8 r -1.8 6.7 r 1.8 r
II 1.8 r 2.3 r 0.5 0.7 r -0.7 r -1.2 r 7.0 r 2.3 r
I 0.2 r 3.3 r 3.2 11.6 r 9.3 r 11.4 r -9.9 r 1.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 II 1.2 3.2 2.0 3.1 1.0 1.9 0.9 1.5
I 0.7 r 2.4 r 1.7 3.3 r 1.8 r 2.6 r -0.1 r 1.4
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 r 2.6 r 1.7 1.1 r -0.3 r 0.2 r 2.9 r 1.4 r
2013 IV 2.0 r 3.7 r 1.6 -0.1 r -1.3 r -2.1 r 6.2 r 1.4 r
III 0.7 r 2.5 r 1.8 1.9 r 0.4 r 1.2 r 1.4 r 1.3 r
II 0.2 r 2.0 r 1.8 1.7 r 0.3 r 1.5 r 1.0 r 1.3 r
I 0.6 r 2.1 r 1.5 r 1.0 r -0.7 r 0.4 r 2.9 r 1.5
2012 ANNUAL 1.0 r 3.2 r 2.2 2.7 r 0.6 r 1.7 r 2.0 r 1.8
2012 IV 0.4 r 2.3 r 1.9 r 5.5 r 3.5 r 5.1 r -2.7 r 1.6 r
III 1.7 r 3.8 r 2.0 r 1.6 0.0 -0.1 r 4.1 r 1.7
II 1.1 r 3.1 r 2.0 r 2.3 r 0.4 r 1.2 r 2.8 r 1.9
I 0.9 r 3.7 r 2.7 1.5 r -1.2 r 0.6 r 4.0 r 2.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 II 106.0 114.3 107.8 111.7 101.1 105.3 110.4 107.4
I 105.4 r 112.9 r 107.1 r 110.8 r 101.0 r 105.2 r 109.4 r 106.9 r
2013 ANNUAL 105.4 r 111.7 r 105.9 r 108.3 r 99.7 r 102.7 r 110.9 r 106.1 r
2013 IV 106.6 r 113.5 r 106.5 r 109.0 r 99.9 r 102.3 r 113.0 r 106.7 r
III 105.7 r 112.2 r 106.2 r 108.5 r 99.7 r 102.6 r 111.6 r 106.4 r
II 104.8 r 110.7 r 105.7 r 108.3 r 100.0 r 103.4 r 109.4 r 105.9 r
I 104.7 r 110.2 r 105.3 r 107.3 r 99.2 r 102.5 r 109.6 r 105.5 r
2012 ANNUAL 104.5 r 108.9 r 104.2 r 107.1 r 100.0 r 102.4 r 107.8 r 104.7 r
2012 IV 104.4 r 109.5 r 104.9 r 109.1 r 101.1 r 104.4 r 106.3 r 105.2 r
III 105.0 r 109.5 r 104.3 r 106.4 r 99.3 r 101.4 r 110.0 r 105.0 r
II 104.5 r 108.5 r 103.8 r 106.5 r 99.7 r 101.8 r 108.3 r 104.5 r
I 104.1 r 107.9 r 103.7 r 106.3 r 99.9 r 102.1 r 106.5 r 103.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 II 3.6 7.0 3.2 2.2 -0.8 -1.3
I 3.2 r 1.5 r -1.6 8.3 r 6.2 r 5.0 r
2013 ANNUAL 2.3 2.9 0.7 0.6 r -0.8 r -1.6 r
2013 IV 1.3 4.7 3.4 0.8 r -0.4 r -0.5 r
III 0.5 1.7 1.1 0.6 r -1.4 r 0.0 r
II 3.7 1.5 -2.2 2.9 2.4 -0.9 r
I 3.1 4.8 1.7 -2.3 r -3.4 r -5.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.3 2.3 1.7 r -0.3 r -0.2 r
2012 IV 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.3 r 1.8 r 2.0 r
III 0.8 1.9 1.1 -2.1 r -3.7 r -2.8 r
II 2.1 3.4 1.3 0.4 r -1.0 r -1.7 r
I 4.2 7.5 3.1 10.7 r 8.4 r 6.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 II 2.1 3.7 1.5 2.9 0.9 0.8
I 2.2 r 2.4 r 0.2 3.1 r 1.7 r 0.9 r
2013 ANNUAL 2.3 2.9 0.7 0.6 r -0.8 r -1.6 r
2013 IV 2.1 3.2 1.0 0.5 r -0.7 r -1.7 r
III 2.4 2.7 0.3 1.3 r -0.2 r -1.0 r
II 2.5 2.7 0.3 0.7 r -0.8 r -1.8 r
I 2.0 3.2 1.1 0.0 r -1.6 r -2.0 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 4.3 2.3 1.7 r -0.3 r -0.2 r
2012 IV 2.3 3.9 1.5 3.2 1.3 0.9
III 1.6 4.2 2.6 0.9 r -0.7 -0.7 r
II 2.6 5.0 2.4 1.8 r -0.1 r -0.8 r
I 1.2 4.0 2.8 1.0 r -1.7 r -0.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 II 114.4 121.4 106.2 108.6 98.3 95.0
I 113.4 r 119.4 r 105.3 108.0 r 98.5 r 95.3 r
2013 ANNUAL 111.9 117.6 105.1 105.5 r 97.1 r 94.3 r
2013 IV 112.5 r 118.9 r 105.8 105.9 r 97.0 r 94.1 r
III 112.1 117.6 104.9 105.7 r 97.1 r 94.3 r
II 112.0 117.1 104.6 105.5 r 97.5 r 94.3 r
I 110.9 116.7 105.2 104.8 r 96.9 r 94.5 r
2012 ANNUAL 109.4 114.2 104.4 104.8 r 97.9 r 95.8 r
2012 IV 110.1 115.3 104.7 105.4 r 97.7 r 95.7 r
III 109.5 114.5 104.6 104.3 r 97.3 r 95.3 r
II 109.3 114.0 104.3 104.8 r 98.2 r 95.9 r
I 108.7 113.0 104.0 104.7 r 98.5 r 96.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 II 2.9 8.8 5.7 1.5 -1.4 -1.3
I 3.4 r 1.7 r -1.6 r 8.9 r 6.9 r 5.4 r
2013 ANNUAL 3.4 4.4 1.0 0.1 r -1.4 r -3.2 r
2013 IV 2.6 6.9 4.2 -1.7 r -2.9 r -4.2 r
III 2.0 3.6 1.6 1.0 r -1.0 r -0.9 r
II 5.2 2.9 -2.1 2.6 r 2.1 r -2.5 r
I 3.4 6.4 2.9 -3.4 r -4.5 r -6.5 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.2 2.9 1.3 r -0.7 r -2.7 r
2012 IV 3.7 4.1 0.3 5.1 r 2.6 r 1.3 r
III 1.4 2.0 0.6 -3.4 -5.0 r -4.8 r
II 4.7 6.7 1.9 -1.0 r -2.4 r -5.5 r
I 8.8 12.2 3.1 11.9 r 9.6 r 2.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 II 2.7 5.2 2.4 2.4 0.3 -0.3
I 3.3 r 3.8 r 0.5 r 2.6 r 1.2 r -0.6 r
2013 ANNUAL 3.4 4.4 1.0 0.1 r -1.4 r -3.2 r
2013 IV 3.3 4.9 1.6 -0.4 r -1.6 r -3.5 r
III 3.6 4.2 0.6 1.3 r -0.2 r -2.2 r
II 3.4 3.8 0.4 0.1 r -1.3 r -3.2 r
I 3.3 4.8 1.4 -0.7 r -2.4 r -3.9 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.1 7.2 2.9 1.3 r -0.7 r -2.7 r
2012 IV 4.6 6.2 1.5 3.0 1.0 -1.6
III 3.8 7.1 3.2 0.2 r -1.5 r -3.5 r
II 5.3 8.7 3.2 1.6 r -0.3 r -3.6 r
I 2.8 6.9 4.0 0.7 r -2.1 r -2.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 II 124.7 136.8 109.7 107.3 97.1 86.0
I 123.8 r 133.9 r 108.2 r 106.9 r 97.4 r 86.3 r
2013 ANNUAL 121.6 130.9 107.7 104.7 r 96.4 r 86.1 r
2013 IV 122.8 r 133.4 r 108.6 104.6 r 95.8 r 85.2 r
III 122.0 131.2 107.5 105.1 r 96.5 r 86.1 r
II 121.4 130.0 107.1 104.8 r 96.8 r 86.3 r
I 119.9 129.1 107.7 104.1 r 96.3 r 86.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 117.6 125.4 106.6 104.6 r 97.7 r 89.0 r
2012 IV 118.9 127.1 106.9 105.0 r 97.4 r 88.3 r
III 117.8 125.9 106.8 103.7 r 96.8 r 88.0 r
II 117.4 125.2 106.6 104.6 r 98.0 r 89.1 r
I 116.1 123.2 106.2 104.9 r 98.6 r 90.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 II 5.9 5.0 -0.9 3.1 0.1 -2.7
I 2.8 r 1.4 r -1.4 r 7.0 r 5.0 r 4.1 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.6 r 0.2 r 0.4 r
2013 IV 0.3 2.3 2.0 5.7 r 4.4 r 5.3 r
III -0.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 r -2.4 r 0.4
II 2.2 -0.1 -2.3 3.4 r 2.9 r 1.2 r
I 3.4 3.1 -0.3 -0.5 r -1.6 r -3.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.0 1.2 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4
2012 IV 0.6 1.2 0.7 2.9 r 0.4 r 2.3 r
III -0.2 1.7 1.9 0.8 r -0.9 r 1.0 r
II -0.6 -0.2 0.4 3.0 r 1.6 r 3.6 r
I -0.6 2.6 3.2 8.3 6.1 r 9.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 II 2.0 2.1 0.0 3.8 1.7 1.7
I 1.1 r 0.8 r -0.3 3.9 r 2.4 r 2.7 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.6 r 0.2 r 0.4 r
2013 IV 1.3 1.2 -0.1 2.0 r 0.8 r 0.7 r
III 1.3 0.9 -0.4 1.3 r -0.2 r 0.0 r
II 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.6 r 0.2 0.2
I 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 r -0.1 r 0.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 0.0 1.2 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.4
2012 IV -0.2 1.3 1.5 3.7 1.8 3.9
III -0.4 1.1 1.5 2.2 r 0.5 r 2.6 r
II 0.2 1.3 1.1 2.0 r 0.1 r 1.9 r
I 0.5 1.3 0.8 1.5 r -1.3 r 1.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 II 107.9 108.5 100.6 110.4 99.9 102.4
I 106.3 r 107.2 r 100.8 r 109.6 r 99.9 r 103.1 r
2013 ANNUAL 105.5 r 106.4 r 100.9 106.5 r 98.0 r 100.9 r
2013 IV 105.6 r 106.8 r 101.2 107.7 r 98.7 r 102.1 r
III 105.5 106.2 100.7 106.3 r 97.7 r 100.7 r
II 105.7 106.3 100.6 106.4 r 98.3 r 100.6 r
I 105.1 106.3 101.1 105.5 r 97.5 r 100.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 104.2 105.1 100.8 104.8 r 97.9 r 100.5 r
2012 IV 104.3 105.5 101.2 105.6 r 98.0 r 101.3 r
III 104.1 105.2 101.1 104.9 r 97.9 r 100.7 r
II 104.2 104.8 100.6 104.7 r 98.1 r 100.5 r
I 104.3 104.8 100.5 103.9 r 97.7 r 99.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2014 I -0.9 r 0.9 r 1.8 6.8 r 4.8 r 7.8 r 2.2 r 5.9 r -27.0 r 0.5 r
2013 ANNUAL 0.3 r 2.3 r 2.0 1.4 r -0.1 r 1.1 r 0.1 r 0.8 r 1.4 r 0.9 r
2013 IV 0.1 r 2.2 r 2.1 0.8 r -0.4 r 0.8 r 0.7 r 0.7 r -3.9 r 0.0 r
III -2.0 r 0.4 r 2.4 -0.5 r -2.5 r 1.6 r 2.3 r 1.8 r -2.7 r 1.1 r
II 2.9 r 4.5 r 1.6 2.2 r 1.7 r -0.6 r -2.6 r -1.3 r 8.5 r 0.1 r
I -1.4 r 1.6 r 3.1 -1.8 r -2.9 r -0.4 r 2.7 r 0.6 r -1.9 r 0.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 r 4.3 r 2.3 2.9 r 0.8 r 0.9 r -0.7 r 0.4 r 7.9 r 1.4
2012 IV 4.0 r 5.6 r 1.5 7.9 5.3 3.7 r -3.3 r 1.4 r 4.5 r 1.8
III -3.6 r -2.2 r 1.5 -0.2 r -1.9 r 3.6 r 2.3 r 3.1 r -5.7 r 1.8
II 1.6 r 2.4 r 0.8 0.3 r -1.1 r -1.3 r -0.2 r -0.9 r 15.5 r 1.3
I 6.1 r 9.6 r 3.3 13.5 r 11.1 r 6.9 r -2.6 r 3.6 r -1.4 r 2.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2014 I 0.0 r 2.0 r 2.0 2.3 r 0.9 r 2.3 r 0.6 r 1.8 r -7.2 r 0.4 r
2013 ANNUAL 0.3 r 2.3 r 2.0 1.4 r -0.1 r 1.1 r 0.1 r 0.8 r 1.4 r 0.9 r
2013 IV -0.1 r 2.2 r 2.3 0.2 r -1.0 r 0.3 r 0.7 r 0.5 -0.1 r 0.4 r
III 0.8 r 3.0 r 2.1 1.9 r 0.4 r 1.0 r -0.3 r 0.6 2.0 r 0.8 r
II 0.4 r 2.3 r 1.9 2.0 r 0.5 r 1.5 r -0.3 r 0.9 1.2 r 1.0 r
I 0.1 r 1.8 r 1.7 1.5 r -0.2 r 1.4 r 0.4 r 1.0 r 2.8 r 1.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.9 r 4.3 r 2.3 2.9 r 0.8 r 0.9 r -0.7 r 0.4 r 7.9 r 1.4
2012 IV 2.0 r 3.8 r 1.8 5.2 r 3.2 3.2 -1.0 r 1.8 r 2.9 r 2.0
III 1.8 r 3.8 r 2.0 2.1 0.5 r 0.3 r -0.7 r 0.0 r 4.1 r 0.5
II 2.0 r 4.4 r 2.4 2.4 r 0.5 r 0.4 r -0.5 r 0.1 r 8.8 r 1.3
I 2.0 r 5.3 r 3.2 1.7 r -1.1 r -0.4 r -0.7 r -0.5 r 17.3 r 1.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2014 I 107.1 r 116.6 r 108.8 r 110.1 r 100.4 r 102.8 r 98.8 r 101.4 r 134.5 r 104.9 r
2013 ANNUAL 107.5 r 115.5 r 107.5 r 108.1 r 99.5 r 100.6 r 98.0 r 99.7 r 146.4 r 104.6 r
2013 IV 107.4 r 116.3 r 108.3 r 108.3 r 99.3 r 100.9 r 98.2 r 100.0 r 145.5 r 104.8 r
III 107.4 r 115.7 r 107.8 r 108.1 r 99.3 r 100.7 r 98.1 r 99.8 r 147.0 r 104.8 r
II 107.9 r 115.6 r 107.1 r 108.2 r 100.0 r 100.3 97.5 r 99.4 r 148.0 r 104.5 r
I 107.2 r 114.3 r 106.7 r 107.7 r 99.5 r 100.5 r 98.2 r 99.7 r 145.0 r 104.4 r
2012 ANNUAL 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 106.6 r 99.6 r 99.5 r 97.9 r 99.0 r 144.3 r 103.7
2012 IV 107.5 r 113.9 r 105.9 108.2 r 100.3 r 100.6 r 97.5 r 99.6 r 145.7 r 104.4
III 106.5 r 112.3 r 105.5 r 106.1 r 99.0 r 99.7 r 98.3 r 99.2 r 144.1 r 103.9
II 107.5 r 113.0 r 105.1 106.2 r 99.5 r 98.8 r 97.8 r 98.4 r 146.2 r 103.4
I 107.1 r 112.3 r 104.9 106.1 r 99.7 r 99.1 r 97.8 r 98.7 r 141.1 r 103.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30
days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the
business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly
index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial
value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the
time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure between
the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 2014.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2013 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital,
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published
in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience.
Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to
three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices.
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
Year persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 105.5 r 111.6 r 105.7 r 108.5 r 99.9 r 102.8 r 112.2 r 106.7 r
2012 104.3 r 108.6 r 104.2 r 107.0 r 99.9 r 102.6 r 108.9 r 105.2 r
2011 103.3 r 105.3 r 101.9 r 104.0 r 99.2 r 100.7 r 107.0 r 103.3 r
2010 103.3 r 103.2 r 99.9 101.9 r 100.2 r 98.6 r 104.7 r 101.1 r
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 96.8 r 104.2 r 107.7 99.0 98.6 102.2 r 96.3 r 99.8 r
2007 96.0 r 105.5 r 109.8 96.4 99.8 100.4 r 95.2 r 98.2 r
2006 94.6 r 103.3 r 109.1 92.3 98.2 97.6 r 93.9 r 96.0 r
2005 93.7 r 100.1 r 106.8 88.8 97.6 94.8 r 91.6 r 93.5 r
2004 91.8 r 96.5 r 105.1 85.8 97.4 93.4 r 86.8 r 90.7 r
2003 88.9 r 92.3 r 103.8 82.0 95.6 92.1 r 83.7 r 88.6 r
2002 85.6 r 89.5 r 104.5 79.0 r 94.1 92.2 r 80.7 r 87.4 r
2001 82.1 r 87.9 r 107.0 77.3 93.6 94.1 r 76.7 r 86.8 r
2000 79.9 r 87.3 r 109.3 73.9 92.0 92.4 r 75.3 r 85.3 r
1999 77.3 r 83.6 r 108.1 68.8 88.6 89.1 r 76.3 r 83.7 r
1998 74.7 r 79.2 r 106.0 65.9 86.6 88.3 r 75.9 r 83.1 r
1997 72.4 r 75.3 r 103.9 62.3 82.9 85.9 r 78.1 r 82.7 r
1996 71.1 r 71.5 r 100.6 60.1 81.8 84.5 r 77.3 r 81.5 r
1995 69.0 r 68.3 r 99.0 57.7 80.6 83.5 r 75.7 r 80.2 r
1994 68.8 r 66.2 r 96.3 56.6 80.9 82.2 r 74.2 r 78.9 r
1993 68.2 r 63.2 r 92.6 56.0 81.9 82.1 r 71.1 r 77.5 r
1992 68.1 r 61.4 r 90.1 55.2 82.7 81.0 r 68.4 r 75.7 r
1991 65.2 r 58.9 r 90.3 52.1 80.0 79.9 r 67.1 r 74.5 r
1990 64.1 r 59.3 r 92.5 49.7 r 79.1 77.6 r 65.4 r 72.5 r
1989 62.7 r 58.3 r 93.1 46.7 77.9 74.5 r 64.2 r 70.2 r
1988 62.0 r 56.2 r 90.7 45.3 78.9 73.1 r 60.2 r 67.7 r
1987 61.0 r 53.9 r 88.2 43.0 77.7 70.5 r 58.9 r 65.6 r
1986 60.7 r 52.0 r 85.7 41.4 77.4 68.3 r 58.9 r 64.3 r
1985 59.0 r 50.2 r 85.0 39.2 74.6 66.5 r 59.3 r 63.5 r
1984 57.7 r 48.0 r 83.1 37.3 73.4 64.7 r 57.7 r 61.7 r
1983 56.2 r 44.1 r 78.5 35.8 73.2 63.6 r 55.0 r 60.0 r
1982 54.2 r 41.8 r 77.1 34.2 73.0 63.1 r 50.9 r 58.0 r
1981 54.6 r 43.1 r 78.9 31.9 72.1 58.4 r 49.9 r 54.8 r
1980 53.4 r 41.9 r 78.4 29.1 72.2 54.5 r 44.2 r 50.2 r
1979 53.4 r 42.3 r 79.1 26.3 72.4 49.2 r 41.8 r 46.1 r
1978 53.4 r 40.8 r 76.5 24.0 72.3 44.9 r 39.2 r 42.5 r
1977 52.8 r 38.4 r 72.7 22.1 71.4 r 41.9 r 36.8 r 39.7 r
1976 51.9 r 36.3 r 70.1 20.5 70.4 39.5 r 34.8 r 37.5 r
1975 50.2 r 34.0 r 67.8 19.0 68.9 r 37.8 r 32.7 r 35.6 r
1974 48.5 r 34.4 r 70.9 17.1 68.0 35.3 r 28.6 r 32.5 r
1973 49.3 r 34.9 r 70.7 15.7 69.0 31.7 r 26.6 r 29.6 r
1972 47.9 r 32.7 r 68.1 14.5 67.9 30.3 r 25.1 r 28.1 r
1971 46.4 r 30.7 r 66.1 13.7 66.0 29.4 r 24.0 r 27.2 r
1970 44.6 r 29.5 r 66.3 12.9 65.0 28.9 r 22.2 r 26.1 r
1969 43.7 r 29.6 r 67.6 12.0 63.9 27.4 r 21.7 r 25.0 r
1968 43.5 r 28.7 r 65.9 11.2 63.0 25.7 r 21.4 r 23.9 r
1967 42.0 r 27.3 r 64.9 10.4 60.9 24.7 r 20.6 r 23.0 r
1966 41.1 r 26.7 r 65.1 9.8 59.4 23.9 r 20.3 r 22.4 r
1965 39.5 r 25.0 r 63.5 9.2 57.2 23.3 r 19.8 r 21.9 r
1964 38.1 r 23.4 r 61.4 8.9 56.0 23.3 r 19.1 r 21.5 r
1963 36.8 r 22.0 r 59.7 8.6 54.7 23.2 r 18.6 r 21.3 r
1962 35.5 r 21.0 r 59.3 8.3 53.5 23.3 r 18.2 r 21.2 r
1961 33.9 r 19.7 r 58.2 7.9 51.8 r 23.3 r 17.7 r 21.0 r
1960 32.7 r 19.3 r 59.1 7.6 50.3 23.3 r 17.4 r 20.8 r
1959 32.2 r 19.0 r 59.0 7.3 49.1 22.7 r 17.6 r 20.6 r
1958 31.0 r 17.6 r 56.6 7.0 47.6 22.6 r 17.2 r 20.4 r
1957 30.2 r 17.9 r 59.3 6.7 46.8 22.3 r 16.8 r 20.0 r
1956 29.2 r 17.6 r 60.2 6.3 45.4 21.6 r 16.3 r 19.4 r
1955 29.2 r 17.3 r 59.3 5.9 43.3 20.3 r 16.6 r 18.8 r
1954 28.0 r 16.0 r 57.1 5.8 42.0 20.7 r 15.6 r 18.5 r
1953 27.4 r 16.2 r 59.1 5.6 41.0 20.5 r 15.6 r 18.4 r
1952 26.4 r 15.4 r 58.4 5.3 38.9 20.0 r 16.0 r 18.3 r
1951 25.6 r 14.9 r 58.3 5.0 37.3 19.4 r 16.3 r 18.1 r
1950 24.8 r 14.0 r 56.4 4.5 36.7 18.2 r 14.8 r 16.8 r
1949 23.0 r 12.8 r 55.7 4.2 34.8 18.4 r 14.1 r 16.6 r
1948 22.5 r 12.9 r 57.5 4.2 33.9 18.6 r 14.3 r 16.8 r
1947 21.5 r 12.3 r 57.1 3.8 33.7 17.9 r 12.9 r 15.8 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices.
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
Year persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 105.4 r 111.7 r 105.9 r 108.3 r 99.7 r 102.7 r 110.9 r 106.1 r
2012 104.5 r 108.9 r 104.2 r 107.1 r 100.0 r 102.4 r 107.8 r 104.7 r
2011 103.5 r 105.5 r 101.9 r 104.2 r 99.4 r 100.7 r 105.7 r 102.8 r
2010 103.3 r 103.2 r 99.9 r 102.0 r 100.3 r 98.7 r 104.2 r 101.0 r
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 96.9 r 104.4 r 107.8 98.9 98.6 102.1 r 95.8 r 99.4 r
2007 96.2 r 105.8 r 110.0 96.3 r 99.6 r 100.1 r 94.9 r 97.9 r
2006 94.7 r 103.4 r 109.3 92.3 98.2 97.5 r 93.9 r 96.0 r
2005 93.8 r 100.2 r 106.9 88.8 97.6 94.7 r 91.5 r 93.4 r
2004 91.9 r 96.6 r 105.1 85.7 r 97.3 93.3 r 86.2 r 90.3 r
2003 89.1 r 92.5 r 103.7 82.0 95.6 92.0 r 83.5 r 88.5 r
2002 86.0 r 89.7 r 104.3 79.0 94.2 r 91.9 r 80.9 r 87.3 r
2001 82.4 r 88.1 r 106.9 77.3 r 93.6 93.8 r 76.6 r 86.6 r
2000 80.2 r 87.5 r 109.0 74.0 92.2 r 92.3 r 75.3 r 85.2 r
1999 77.7 r 83.8 r 107.9 68.9 88.7 88.8 r 76.3 r 83.6 r
1998 75.2 r 79.4 r 105.6 66.2 87.0 88.0 r 75.5 r 82.8 r
1997 73.0 r 75.4 r 103.3 62.5 83.3 85.7 r 77.5 r 82.3 r
1996 71.8 r 71.7 r 99.8 60.4 82.3 84.2 r 76.4 r 80.9 r
1995 69.9 r 68.6 r 98.1 58.1 81.1 r 83.0 r 75.3 r 79.8 r
1994 69.4 r 66.3 r 95.4 56.9 r 81.5 r 82.0 r 73.5 r 78.5 r
1993 68.8 r 63.3 r 92.1 56.2 r 82.2 81.8 r 70.4 r 77.0 r
1992 68.7 r 61.4 r 89.4 55.6 r 83.2 80.9 r 67.5 r 75.3 r
1991 65.9 r 59.0 r 89.6 52.4 80.5 r 79.6 r 66.3 r 74.1 r
1990 64.7 r 59.4 r 91.8 49.9 79.4 77.2 r 64.4 r 71.8 r
1989 63.4 r 58.5 r 92.2 47.0 78.5 74.1 r 63.1 r 69.5 r
1988 62.8 r 56.4 r 89.8 45.7 79.5 72.6 r 59.3 r 67.1 r
1987 61.8 r 54.0 r 87.2 43.4 78.5 r 70.2 r 57.9 r 65.1 r
1986 61.5 r 52.1 r 84.7 41.8 78.1 68.0 r 58.0 r 63.8 r
1985 59.7 r 50.2 r 84.0 39.6 75.2 r 66.3 r 58.3 r 62.9 r
1984 58.8 r 48.1 r 81.9 37.7 74.2 64.2 r 56.3 r 60.9 r
1983 57.5 r 44.4 r 77.2 36.2 r 74.0 62.9 r 54.2 r 59.2 r
1982 55.1 r 41.7 r 75.7 34.6 r 73.8 62.8 r 49.8 r 57.4 r
1981 55.7 r 43.1 r 77.4 32.3 73.0 r 58.0 r 48.4 r 54.0 r
1980 54.8 r 42.1 r 76.8 29.4 72.9 53.7 r 43.1 r 49.3 r
1979 54.8 r 42.5 r 77.5 26.6 73.1 48.5 r 40.2 r 45.0 r
1978 55.0 r 41.1 r 74.8 24.2 73.2 44.1 r 37.8 r 41.5 r
1977 54.2 r 38.6 r 71.1 22.3 72.1 41.2 r 35.8 r 38.9 r
1976 53.3 r 36.5 r 68.4 20.6 71.0 38.7 r 33.7 r 36.6 r
1975 51.6 r 34.1 r 66.0 19.2 69.7 37.2 r 31.3 r 34.7 r
1974 50.2 r 34.6 r 69.0 17.3 68.8 34.5 r 27.0 r 31.4 r
1973 51.0 r 35.2 r 68.9 15.8 69.8 31.0 r 24.8 r 28.4 r
1972 49.5 r 32.8 r 66.2 14.7 68.9 r 29.7 r 24.3 r 27.4 r
1971 47.9 r 30.7 r 64.1 13.8 66.8 r 28.9 r 23.5 r 26.6 r
1970 46.1 r 29.6 r 64.3 13.0 65.7 28.3 r 21.7 r 25.5 r
1969 45.4 r 29.7 r 65.3 12.2 64.9 26.8 r 21.1 r 24.4 r
1968 45.3 r 28.8 r 63.5 11.4 64.1 25.1 r 21.0 r 23.4 r
1967 43.8 r 27.3 r 62.4 10.6 62.1 24.2 r 20.2 r 22.5 r
1966 43.0 r 26.8 r 62.4 10.0 60.5 23.3 r 19.8 r 21.8 r
1965 41.5 r 25.0 r 60.3 9.5 58.7 22.8 r 19.4 r 21.4 r
1964 40.2 r 23.3 r 58.0 9.2 57.8 22.8 r 18.7 r 21.1 r
1963 39.1 r 21.9 r 56.0 8.9 56.7 22.7 r 18.2 r 20.8 r
1962 37.8 r 20.9 r 55.4 8.6 r 55.6 22.7 r 17.8 r 20.7 r
1961 36.1 r 19.6 r 54.2 8.2 54.0 22.8 r 17.2 r 20.5 r
1960 35.0 r 19.2 r 54.8 8.0 52.8 22.8 r 16.8 r 20.3 r
1959 34.6 r 18.8 r 54.4 7.7 51.5 r 22.1 r 17.2 r 20.1 r
1958 33.4 r 17.4 r 52.0 7.4 49.9 22.1 r 16.6 r 19.8 r
1957 32.7 r 17.7 r 54.3 7.1 49.4 21.7 r 16.4 r 19.5 r
1956 31.8 r 17.4 r 54.6 6.7 48.2 r 21.0 r 15.8 r 18.9 r
1955 32.0 r 17.1 r 53.3 6.3 46.1 r 19.7 r 16.2 r 18.2 r
1954 30.7 r 15.7 r 51.2 6.1 44.3 19.8 r 15.2 r 17.9 r
1953 30.1 r 16.0 r 53.0 5.9 43.3 19.6 r 15.2 r 17.8 r
1952 29.4 r 15.2 r 51.7 5.6 41.3 19.0 r 15.2 r 17.4 r
1951 28.8 r 14.8 r 51.2 5.3 39.9 18.4 r 15.2 r 17.1 r
1950 28.1 r 13.7 r 48.9 4.9 39.6 r 17.3 r 14.2 r 16.0 r
1949 26.4 r 12.5 r 47.3 4.6 37.8 17.5 r 13.6 r 15.8 r
1948 25.6 r 12.6 r 49.2 4.5 r 36.3 17.5 r 13.2 r 15.7 r
1947 24.9 r 12.1 r 48.5 4.1 36.1 16.5 r 12.2 r 14.7 r
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See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices.
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 107.5 r 115.5 r 107.5 r 108.1 r 99.5 r 100.6 r 98.0 r 99.7 r 146.4 r 104.6 r
2012 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 106.6 r 99.6 r 99.5 r 97.9 r 99.0 r 144.3 r 103.7
2011 105.1 r 108.2 r 103.0 r 103.7 r 98.9 r 98.6 r 98.6 r 98.6 r 133.7 r 102.3
2010 105.3 r 105.5 r 100.2 101.5 r 99.9 r 96.4 r 96.8 r 96.5 r 129.7 r 100.0
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 99.3 r 107.6 r 108.4 98.3 97.9 99.0 r 94.3 r 97.5 r 105.3 r 98.3 r
2007 98.9 r 109.0 r 110.2 95.5 98.8 96.6 r 88.6 r 93.9 r 116.8 r 96.3
2006 98.4 r 108.0 r 109.8 92.0 97.9 93.5 r 83.2 r 90.1 r 130.9 r 94.4
2005 96.6 r 104.0 r 107.7 89.3 98.1 92.5 r 81.1 r 88.7 r 116.7 r 91.6 r
2004 94.8 r 100.6 r 106.2 86.6 98.4 91.4 r 77.6 r 86.8 r 102.7 r 88.5
2003 91.6 r 96.3 r 105.2 83.6 97.5 91.3 r 78.1 r 86.9 r 84.4 r 86.6
2002 88.1 r 94.3 r 107.0 81.0 96.5 91.9 r 79.0 r 87.6 r 69.2 r 85.7
2001 84.7 r 93.5 r 110.3 79.5 96.3 93.8 r 78.4 r 88.7 r 56.9 r 85.3
2000 84.2 r 95.5 r 113.4 77.6 96.6 92.1 r 73.2 r 85.8 r 70.0 r 84.2 r
1999 80.8 r 90.5 r 112.0 72.3 93.1 89.4 r 70.7 r 83.2 r 84.1 r 83.2 r
1998 78.4 r 85.9 r 109.5 69.1 90.8 88.1 r 69.3 r 81.8 r 90.5 r 82.7
1997 75.8 r 81.2 r 107.1 65.3 87.1 86.2 r 69.1 r 80.5 r 101.7 r 82.7
1996 73.8 r 76.2 r 103.2 63.2 86.0 85.7 r 69.5 r 80.2 r 99.2 r 82.2
1995 70.9 r 71.9 r 101.4 60.9 85.1 85.8 r 70.3 r 80.6 r 92.5 r 81.9
1994 70.1 r 68.6 r 97.9 59.9 85.8 85.5 r 70.0 r 80.3 r 87.4 r 81.1
1993 68.9 r 64.7 r 93.9 59.2 86.5 85.9 r 69.7 r 80.5 r 73.1 r 79.7
1992 68.8 r 63.1 r 91.7 58.4 87.5 84.8 r 69.7 r 79.8 r 63.0 r 78.0 r
1991 67.1 r 61.2 r 91.3 55.5 85.2 82.7 r 71.1 r 78.8 r 60.8 r 76.9 r
1990 65.5 r 61.6 r 94.0 53.0 84.4 81.0 r 68.2 r 76.7 r 59.3 r 74.9 r
1989 64.8 r 60.7 r 93.6 50.5 84.4 78.0 r 65.2 r 73.7 r 62.9 r 72.6
1988 65.5 r 59.5 r 90.8 49.1 85.6 75.0 r 61.7 r 70.6 r 68.9 r 70.4
1987 63.7 r 56.1 r 88.1 46.8 84.6 73.5 r 60.6 r 69.2 r 64.4 r 68.7
1986 62.4 r 53.3 r 85.4 45.2 84.4 72.5 r 60.1 r 68.3 r 60.2 r 67.5 r
1985 61.0 r 51.9 r 85.1 42.8 81.4 70.2 r 57.1 r 65.8 r 72.7 r 66.5
1984 59.6 r 49.6 r 83.2 40.8 80.2 68.4 r 55.8 r 64.2 r 75.5 r 65.4 r
1983 58.3 r 45.6 r 78.2 39.1 80.0 67.1 r 56.1 r 63.4 r 64.4 r 63.5 r
1982 56.3 r 43.4 r 77.1 37.5 80.1 66.6 r 55.8 r 63.0 r 55.6 r 62.2
1981 56.1 r 44.4 r 79.2 35.2 79.7 62.8 r 50.3 r 58.6 r 59.6 r 58.7 r
1980 54.7 r 42.7 r 78.1 32.3 80.0 59.1 r 44.3 r 54.1 r 50.8 r 53.8
1979 54.8 r 43.1 r 78.6 29.3 80.7 53.5 r 37.7 r 48.2 r 56.2 r 49.1
1978 55.2 r 41.8 r 75.6 26.8 81.0 48.6 r 34.9 r 44.0 r 58.6 r 45.5
1977 54.5 r 39.2 r 71.9 24.6 79.5 45.1 r 33.4 r 41.2 r 55.1 r 42.7
1976 53.1 r 36.5 r 68.7 22.8 78.3 42.9 r 32.2 r 39.3 50.7 r 40.5 r
1975 51.4 r 33.8 r 65.7 21.2 77.1 41.2 r 32.5 r 38.3 r 43.0 r 38.8
1974 49.5 r 34.2 r 69.2 19.2 76.2 38.8 r 28.4 r 35.3 r 35.6 r 35.3
1973 50.5 r 34.8 r 68.9 17.6 77.4 34.8 r 24.7 r 31.5 r 39.0 r 32.2 r
1972 50.0 r 32.8 r 65.6 16.4 76.8 32.8 r 23.4 r 29.7 r 37.5 r 30.5
1971 49.0 r 30.5 r 62.2 15.6 75.3 31.8 r 23.4 r 29.0 r 34.4 r 29.6
1970 47.1 r 29.3 r 62.3 14.7 74.2 31.2 r 22.3 r 28.3 r 30.3 r 28.5
1969 46.8 r 29.6 r 63.2 13.8 73.5 29.5 r 19.8 r 26.2 r 36.9 r 27.3
1968 46.7 r 28.4 r 60.9 12.9 72.5 27.6 r 18.3 r 24.5 r 40.8 r 26.2
1967 45.1 r 26.7 r 59.2 12.0 70.4 26.7 r 17.2 r 23.5 40.7 r 25.3
1966 44.3 r 26.0 r 58.6 11.4 68.8 25.7 r 16.2 r 22.5 r 43.5 r 24.7
1965 43.4 r 24.2 r 55.7 10.8 67.0 24.8 r 16.1 r 21.9 r 43.5 r 24.2
1964 42.3 r 22.3 r 52.7 10.5 66.2 24.8 r 16.2 r 21.9 r 40.3 r 23.8
1963 41.7 r 20.8 r 50.0 10.3 65.8 24.7 r 16.2 r 21.8 r 39.0 r 23.6
1962 40.2 r 19.6 r 48.8 10.0 64.7 24.8 r 16.3 r 22.0 36.8 r 23.5 r
1961 38.5 r 18.1 r 47.0 9.6 62.8 24.9 r 16.5 r 22.1 r 34.2 r 23.4
1960 37.3 r 17.7 r 47.4 9.3 61.5 25.0 r 16.2 r 22.0 r 34.2 r 23.3 r
1959 36.6 r 17.1 r 46.7 9.0 60.2 24.4 r 15.8 r 21.5 r 37.1 r 23.2
1958 34.9 r 15.4 r 44.0 8.6 58.4 24.7 r 16.4 r 21.9 31.9 r 23.0
1957 34.2 r 16.0 r 46.7 8.3 57.8 24.3 r 15.0 r 21.2 35.2 r 22.6
1956 33.5 r 15.8 r 47.1 7.8 56.3 23.4 r 13.9 r 20.2 36.6 r 21.9
1955 33.3 r 15.2 r 45.8 7.4 53.8 22.1 r 13.0 r 19.1 r 39.1 r 21.2 r
1954 31.4 r 13.6 r 43.3 7.1 51.7 22.6 r 13.4 r 19.6 33.5 r 21.0
1953 30.1 r 13.7 r 45.7 6.9 50.3 22.8 r 13.1 r 19.6 34.4 r 21.1 r
1952 28.9 r 12.8 r 44.3 6.5 48.1 22.5 r 13.1 r 19.4 36.6 r 21.2
1951 28.2 r 12.3 r 43.6 6.2 46.3 21.8 r 12.6 r 18.7 r 40.7 r 21.0 r
1950 28.5 r 11.7 r 41.0 5.6 45.8 19.8 r 12.0 r 17.2 37.9 r 19.3 r
1949 26.5 r 10.3 r 38.9 5.3 43.8 20.1 r 12.5 r 17.6 r 33.5 r 19.2 r
1948 25.2 r 10.4 r 41.4 5.2 41.9 20.5 r 11.7 r 17.6 r 36.9 r 19.6 r
1947 23.6 r 9.7 r 41.0 4.7 41.2 19.9 r 11.1 r 17.0 30.8 r 18.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 8, 2014
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
