Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-1185
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 9, 2011
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Second Quarter 2011, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased at a 0.3 percent
annual rate during the second quarter of 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today, with output and hours worked rising 1.8 percent
and 2.0 percent, respectively. (All quarterly percent changes in this
release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the second quarter of
2010 to the second quarter of 2011, output increased 2.5 percent while
hours rose 1.6 percent, yielding an increase in productivity of 0.8
percent. (See tables A and 2.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index
of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses rose 2.2 percent in the second
quarter of 2011, because hourly compensation increased 1.9 percent while
productivity decreased 0.3 percent. Over the last four quarters, hourly
compensation increased more than output per hour, and unit labor costs
rose 1.3 percent. (See tables A and 2.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data in this release reflect the regular multi-year revision to the
National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) released by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on July 29, 2011. See
Revised Measures.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing sector productivity fell 2.0 percent in the second quarter of
2011, as output rose 0.6 percent and hours increased 2.6 percent. Over the
last four quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 2.3 percent. Unit
labor costs in manufacturing increased 4.4 percent in the second quarter of
2011 and were unchanged (0.0 percent) over the last four quarters. (See tables
A and 3.)
Productivity fell 3.5 percent in the durable goods sector in the second
quarter of 2011 as a 5.1 percent increase in hours outpaced a 1.4 percent
increase in output. In contrast, nondurable goods manufacturing productivity
increased 1.2 percent as hours decreased faster than output. (See tables A, 4
and 5.)
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the manufacturing
output series differ from those used in preparing the business and nonfarm
business output series, and these measures are not directly comparable. See
Technical Notes for further information on data sources.
Nonfinancial corporate sector productivity increased 1.4 percent in the first
quarter of 2011 as output and hours rose 3.6 percent and 2.1 percent,
respectively. (See tables D and 6.)
Revised Measures
Measures of output for the business, nonfarm business, and nonfinancial
corporate (NFC) sectors, and compensation for all sectors incorporate the
revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data released on July 29
by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. As a result,
output and related series, including productivity and unit labor costs, were
revised back to 1947 for the business and nonfarm business sectors, and back
to 2000 for the NFC sector. Hours and related measures were revised back to
2002 for the business and nonfarm business sectors, and back to 1997 for
nonfinancial corporations. These revisions were due to the incorporation of
2007 Economic Census final data on employment, as well as revised NIPA data on
compensation of all employees and employment in government enterprises.
Table B presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for
the nonfarm business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the first
quarter of 2011 and table C presents annual data for nonfarm business and
total manufacturing from 2008 to 2010. Table D presents revised and previous
measures for nonfinancial corporations for the first quarter of 2011, in
addition to annual data from 2008 to 2010. Revised quarterly and annual series
for recent years appear in tables 1-6. All index measures in the business,
nonfarm business, and NFC sectors show historical revisions because the 2005
base year values were revised; resulting revisions to percent changes are
small. The annual indexes appear in appendix tables 1-3. Full historical
annual and quarterly measures can be found on the productivity and costs home
page http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
In the first quarter of 2011, nonfarm business productivity declined 0.6
percent, rather than increasing 1.8 percent, reflecting a downward revision
of 2.3 percentage points to output. Hourly compensation increased 4.2 percent
in the first quarter, a larger gain than reported June 2. Consequently, unit
labor costs were revised upward to 4.8 percent. In the manufacturing sector,
productivity growth in the first quarter remained at 4.2 percent, due to
offsetting upward revisions to output and hours. Unit labor costs declined 1.1
percent rather than 1.4 percent as reported June 2.
For the year 2010, nonfarm business productivity growth was revised up to 4.1
percent from the 3.9 percent increase reported June 2, the result of a larger
upward revision to output than hours. (See table C.) Unit labor costs
declined 2.0 percent--the largest decline in the annual series which begins in
1948. In manufacturing, productivity growth was unchanged at 5.9 percent.Unit
labor costs fell 4.0 percent, the largest decline in the series which extends
back to 1988.
For the year 2009, nonfarm business productivity growth was revised down to
2.3 percent from the previous estimate of 3.7 percent due to a downward
revision in output. (See table C.) Unit labor costs declined 0.7 percent, a
smaller decline than reported June 2. Manufacturing productivity declined 0.4
percent, as reported previously. The 4.9 percent increase in unit labor costs
was less than the 6.1 percent increase published June 2, due to a downward
revision to hourly compensation.
For the year 2008, nonfarm business productivity was revised down to 0.6
percent from 1.0 percent as output was revised downward. Unit labor costs were
revised up to 2.8 percent. In manufacturing, productivity, hours and output
changed at the same rates reported previously. Unit labor costs were revised
upward to 4.7 percent.
Nonfarm business productivity increased at an average annual rate of 2.5
percent from 2000 to 2010 rather than the 2.7 percent rate reported June 2.
Manufacturing productivity grew at an annual average rate of 3.2 percent from
2000 to 2010, as previously reported.
In the nonfinancial corporate sector, first-quarter 2011 productivity growth
was revised down to 1.4 percent from the preliminary estimate of 4.1 percent.
For the year 2010, productivity was revised down to 5.3 percent due to a
downward revision in output. (See tables D and 6.) In 2009 productivity was
revised down to 1.6 percent as the downward revision to output was greater
than the downward revision to hours. Unit labor costs were unchanged by
revisions in 2010 and 2009 because downward revisions to productivity were
offset by downward revisions to hourly compensation. (See table 6 and appendix
table 3.)
___________
The revised Productivity and Costs press release for second-quarter 2011 is
scheduled to be released on Thursday, September 1, 2011 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Preliminary second-quarter 2011 measures: percent change from previous quarter,
annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity -0.3 0.8 0.0 0.7 -2.0 2.3 -3.5 2.5 1.2 3.5
Output 1.8 2.5 1.6 2.2 0.6 4.4 1.4 7.2 -0.2 1.7
Hours 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.6 2.1 5.1 4.6 -1.4 -1.8
Hourly
compensation 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.9 3.0 2.5
Real hourly
compensation -2.1 -1.2 -1.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.0 -2.4 -1.4 -1.0 -0.8
Unit labor
costs 2.2 1.3 2.4 1.5 4.4 0.0 5.3 -0.6 1.8 -1.0
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: first quarter 2011
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2011
Productivity -0.6 1.8 -1.4 0.9 4.2 4.2 6.9 7.5 3.4 2.6
Output 0.9 3.2 0.3 2.6 7.8 7.7 13.8 14.0 2.0 1.5
Hours 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.7 3.4 3.3 6.4 6.1 -1.3 -1.1
Hourly
compensation 4.2 2.5 4.0 2.3 3.1 2.8 4.9 2.9 -0.8 2.1
Real hourly
compensation -1.0 -2.6 -1.2 -2.8 -2.1 -2.4 -0.4 -2.3 -5.8 -3.0
Unit labor
costs 4.8 0.7 5.4 1.5 -1.1 -1.4 -1.9 -4.3 -4.0 -0.5
===================================================================================================================
Table C. Revised and previous annual average measures: 2008-2010
Sector Nonfarm Business | Manufacturing
2010 2009 2008 | 2010 2009 2008
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous| Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
---------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------
Percent change | Percent change
|
Productivity 4.1 3.9 2.3 3.7 0.6 1.0| 5.9 5.9 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4
Output 4.0 3.7 -5.1 -3.8 -1.5 -1.1| 5.8 5.8 -13.3 -13.3 -4.4 -4.4
Hours -0.1 -0.2 -7.2 -7.2 -2.1 -2.1| 0.0 0.0 -13.0 -13.0 -4.0 -4.0
Hourly |
compensation 2.1 2.2 1.6 2.0 3.4 3.3| 1.6 2.0 4.5 5.7 4.3 3.9
Real hourly |
compensation 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 -0.4 -0.6| 0.0 0.4 4.9 6.1 0.4 0.1
Unit labor |
costs -2.0 -1.6 -0.7 -1.6 2.8 2.2| -4.0 -3.6 4.9 6.1 4.7 4.3
===================================================================================================================
Table D. Nonfinancial corporations: Revised and previous first-quarter 2011 measures, and revised
annual measures 2008-2010
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2011
Revised 1.4 3.6 2.1 3.1 -2.1 1.6 4.6 2.0
Previous 4.1 6.2 2.0 2.4 -2.7 -1.6 15.4 0.1
Percent change, annual average
2010 5.3 5.4 0.1 1.9 0.3 -3.2 40.6 -0.7
2009 1.6 -6.3 -7.8 2.0 2.4 0.4 -9.2 0.6
2008 0.3 -1.4 -1.7 3.6 -0.2 3.3 -8.4 2.1
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary
source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the
number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of
production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly
paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National
Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for
this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity
and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for
nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors,
and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for
government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the
National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS
features measures of employment that count each person only once and
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked
at all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However,
the CPS also collects more detailed information on employment and
hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS
productivity measures use the more detailed information on employment
and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct industrial sector
and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and
private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding
exclusions also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted
for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 2009. Nonfarm business,
which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2009.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable
goods components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry
value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with
deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS
producer price program and other sources. The industry shipments are
aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector transactions are
removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the
index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent
with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product
manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary
metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery
manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing;
electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation
equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing;
and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food
manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile
mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and
allied product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and
related support activities; petroleum and coal products manufacturing;
chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products
manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted
index calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes
earned from production. The output measure excludes the following
outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private
households; unincorporated business; and those corporations classified
as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other holding
companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector.
Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 47 percent of the value
of GDP in 2009.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production.
They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and
services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to
hours at work of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure
the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of
production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences,
including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output;
utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of
production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of
the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and
taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based
primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the
BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit
institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation
of domestic employees to derive employee compensation for the business
sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly
identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that
proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same
sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not
contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and
productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator
of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly
compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases
offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are
presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter
presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series
where 2005=100. Annual data are presented both as index number series
and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the
productivity and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place.
All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. These index
numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm,
or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity.
(Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay
Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 II 0.0 1.6 1.7 2.3 -1.7 2.4 2.6 2.5
I -1.4 r 0.3 r 1.7 4.0 r -1.2 r 5.4 r -0.4 r 2.9 r
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 r 3.9 r -0.1 r 2.0 r 0.4 r -2.0 r 6.1 r 1.3 r
2010 IV 1.7 r 3.2 r 1.5 0.4 r -2.2 r -1.3 r 7.3 r 2.2 r
III 2.5 r 3.7 r 1.2 2.2 r 0.7 r -0.3 r 3.2 r 1.1 r
II 1.1 r 4.7 r 3.6 r 2.4 r 2.9 r 1.2 r 2.8 r 1.9 r
I 4.3 r 5.1 r 0.8 r 1.2 r 0.0 r -2.9 r 9.0 r 1.8 r
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -4.9 r -7.1 1.6 r 2.0 r -0.8 r 3.1 r 0.7 r
2009 IV 5.3 r 5.0 r -0.3 1.2 r -1.6 r -3.9 r 9.0 r 1.1 r
III 7.0 r 1.8 r -4.9 2.7 r -0.9 r -4.0 r 7.3 r 0.3 r
II 8.0 r -1.0 r -8.4 6.6 r 4.6 r -1.3 r -1.0 r -1.2 r
I 1.5 r -8.5 r -9.8 r -2.7 r -0.4 r -4.1 r 10.5 r 1.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 II 0.7 2.2 1.5 2.2 -1.1 1.5 3.1 2.2
I 1.0 r 3.0 r 2.0 2.2 r 0.0 r 1.2 r 3.2 r 2.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 r 3.9 r -0.1 r 2.0 r 0.4 r -2.0 r 6.1 r 1.3 r
2010 IV 2.4 r 4.2 r 1.8 r 1.5 r 0.3 r -0.8 r 5.5 r 1.8 r
III 3.3 r 4.6 r 1.3 1.7 r 0.5 r -1.5 r 6.0 r 1.5 r
II 4.4 r 4.1 r -0.3 1.9 r 0.1 r -2.4 r 7.0 r 1.3 r
I 6.2 r 2.7 r -3.3 2.9 r 0.5 r -3.1 r 6.0 r 0.5 r
2009 ANNUAL 2.4 r -4.9 r -7.1 1.6 r 2.0 r -0.8 r 3.1 r 0.7 r
2009 IV 5.4 r -0.8 r -5.9 1.9 r 0.4 r -3.3 r 6.3 r 0.4 r
III 3.3 r -5.1 r -8.1 r 2.0 r 3.7 r -1.2 r 1.8 r 0.0 r
II 1.3 r -6.8 r -8.0 2.2 r 3.2 r 0.9 r 0.5 r 0.8 r
I -0.1 r -6.5 r -6.4 0.3 r 0.5 r 0.4 r 4.0 r 1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 II 110.4 104.4 94.6 118.2 102.7 107.1 119.1 111.8
I 110.4 r 104.0 r 94.2 r 117.5 r 103.2 r 106.4 r 118.4 r 111.2 r
2010 ANNUAL 110.0 r 102.5 r 93.2 r 115.8 r 103.6 r 105.3 r 116.3 r 109.6 r
2010 IV 110.7 r 103.9 r 93.8 r 116.3 r 103.5 r 105.0 r 118.5 r 110.4 r
III 110.3 r 103.1 r 93.5 r 116.2 r 104.1 r 105.4 r 116.4 r 109.7 r
II 109.6 r 102.1 r 93.2 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.5 r 115.5 r 109.4 r
I 109.3 r 101.0 r 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.1 r 114.7 r 108.9 r
2009 ANNUAL 105.7 r 98.7 r 93.4 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.4 r 109.6 r 108.3 r
2009 IV 108.2 r 99.7 r 92.2 r 114.6 r 103.1 r 105.9 r 112.3 r 108.4 r
III 106.8 r 98.5 r 92.3 r 114.2 r 103.5 r 107.0 r 109.9 r 108.1 r
II 105.0 r 98.1 r 93.4 r 113.5 r 103.8 r 108.1 r 108.0 r 108.1 r
I 103.0 r 98.3 r 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.5 r 108.2 r 108.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 II -0.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 -2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2
I -0.6 r 0.9 r 1.5 r 4.2 r -1.0 r 4.8 r -1.3 r 2.2 r
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 r 4.0 r -0.1 r 2.1 r 0.4 r -2.0 r 5.7 r 1.1 r
2010 IV 2.2 r 3.8 r 1.5 0.6 r -2.1 r -1.6 r 6.4 r 1.7 r
III 2.1 r 3.5 r 1.4 1.9 r 0.4 r -0.2 r 2.0 r 0.7 r
II 1.2 r 4.6 r 3.4 r 2.6 r 3.1 r 1.4 r 3.0 r 2.0 r
I 4.6 5.2 r 0.5 r 1.4 r 0.2 r -3.1 r 8.8 r 1.6 r
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 r -5.1 r -7.2 1.6 r 2.0 r -0.7 r 3.8 r 1.1 r
2009 IV 5.5 r 5.6 r 0.1 1.2 r -1.5 r -4.1 7.7 r 0.5 r
III 6.5 1.4 -4.8 2.3 r -1.3 r -3.9 r 8.1 0.6 r
II 8.0 r -1.1 r -8.4 6.7 r 4.7 r -1.2 r -1.3 r -1.2 r
I 1.3 r -8.7 r -9.9 r -2.7 r -0.4 r -4.0 r 12.1 r 2.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 II 0.8 2.5 1.6 2.1 -1.2 1.3 2.3 1.7
I 1.2 r 3.2 1.9 2.3 r 0.1 r 1.1 r 2.5 r 1.7 r
2010 ANNUAL 4.1 r 4.0 r -0.1 r 2.1 r 0.4 r -2.0 r 5.7 r 1.1 r
2010 IV 2.5 r 4.3 r 1.7 1.6 r 0.4 r -0.9 r 5.0 r 1.5 r
III 3.3 r 4.7 r 1.3 1.8 r 0.5 r -1.5 r 5.3 r 1.2 r
II 4.4 r 4.2 r -0.3 1.9 r 0.1 r -2.5 r 6.9 r 1.2 r
I 6.2 r 2.7 r -3.2 2.9 r 0.5 r -3.1 r 5.7 r 0.4 r
2009 ANNUAL 2.3 r -5.1 r -7.2 1.6 r 2.0 r -0.7 r 3.8 r 1.1 r
2009 IV 5.3 r -0.9 r -5.9 r 1.8 r 0.3 r -3.3 r 6.5 r 0.5 r
III 3.0 r -5.5 r -8.2 2.1 r 3.7 r -0.9 r 2.5 r 0.4 r
II 1.2 r -7.1 r -8.2 r 2.4 r 3.4 r 1.1 r 1.2 r 1.2 r
I -0.2 r -6.7 r -6.5 0.4 r 0.5 r 0.5 r 5.0 r 2.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 II 110.4 104.5 94.6 118.1 102.7 107.0 118.3 111.4
I 110.5 r 104.0 r 94.2 r 117.5 r 103.2 r 106.4 r 117.6 r 110.8 r
2010 ANNUAL 109.8 r 102.4 r 93.2 r 115.8 r 103.7 r 105.4 r 116.1 r 109.6 r
2010 IV 110.7 r 103.8 r 93.8 r 116.3 r 103.5 r 105.1 r 118.0 r 110.2 r
III 110.1 r 102.9 r 93.5 r 116.2 r 104.0 r 105.6 r 116.1 r 109.7 r
II 109.5 r 102.0 r 93.1 r 115.6 r 103.9 r 105.6 r 115.6 r 109.5 r
I 109.2 r 100.8 r 92.4 r 114.9 r 103.1 r 105.3 r 114.7 r 109.0 r
2009 ANNUAL 105.5 r 98.5 r 93.3 r 113.4 r 103.3 r 107.5 r 109.8 r 108.4 r
2009 IV 107.9 r 99.6 r 92.2 r 114.5 r 103.1 r 106.1 r 112.3 r 108.5 r
III 106.5 r 98.2 r 92.2 r 114.2 r 103.5 r 107.2 r 110.3 r 108.4 r
II 104.8 r 97.9 r 93.4 r 113.5 r 103.8 r 108.3 r 108.1 r 108.2 r
I 102.8 r 98.2 r 95.5 r 111.7 r 102.6 r 108.6 r 108.5 r 108.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 II -2.0 0.6 2.6 2.3 -1.7 4.4
I 4.2 7.8 r 3.4 r 3.1 r -2.1 r -1.1 r
2010 ANNUAL 5.9 5.8 0.0 1.6 r 0.0 r -4.0 r
2010 IV 4.9 3.8 r -1.0 2.3 r -0.4 r -2.5 r
III 2.1 5.6 3.4 1.7 r 0.2 r -0.5 r
II 5.2 9.2 3.8 3.8 r 4.3 r -1.3 r
I 4.7 7.8 3.0 -2.7 r -3.9 r -7.1 r
2009 ANNUAL -0.4 -13.3 -13.0 4.5 r 4.9 r 4.9 r
2009 IV 6.9 6.1 -0.8 3.1 r 0.3 r -3.6 r
III 12.4 6.8 -4.9 1.4 r -2.2 r -9.8 r
II 5.3 -11.0 -15.4 7.9 r 5.9 r 2.5 r
I -2.9 -22.3 -20.0 0.5 r 2.9 r 3.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 II 2.3 4.4 2.1 2.3 -1.0 0.0
I 4.1 6.6 2.4 2.7 r 0.5 r -1.4 r
2010 ANNUAL 5.9 5.8 0.0 1.6 r 0.0 r -4.0 r
2010 IV 4.2 6.6 2.3 1.2 r 0.0 r -2.9 r
III 4.7 7.2 2.3 1.4 r 0.2 r -3.1 r
II 7.2 7.5 0.2 1.4 r -0.4 r -5.5 r
I 7.3 2.2 -4.8 2.4 r 0.0 r -4.6 r
2009 ANNUAL -0.4 -13.3 -13.0 4.5 r 4.9 r 4.9 r
2009 IV 5.3 -5.9 -10.6 3.2 r 1.7 r -2.0 r
III 1.7 -12.8 -14.2 4.8 r 6.6 r 3.1 r
II -2.6 -17.3 -15.1 5.8 r 6.9 r 8.7 r
I -5.5 -16.6 -11.8 4.0 r 4.2 r 10.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 II 112.5 94.9 84.3 119.2 103.6 106.0
I 113.1 r 94.7 r 83.8 r 118.5 r 104.1 r 104.8 r
2010 ANNUAL 110.3 r 91.2 r 82.7 116.6 r 104.4 r 105.8 r
2010 IV 111.9 r 93.0 r 83.1 117.6 r 104.6 r 105.1 r
III 110.6 92.1 83.3 117.0 r 104.7 r 105.8 r
II 110.0 90.9 82.6 116.5 r 104.7 r 105.9 r
I 108.6 88.9 81.8 115.4 r 103.6 r 106.3 r
2009 ANNUAL 104.2 86.2 82.7 114.8 r 104.5 r 110.2 r
2009 IV 107.4 87.2 81.2 116.2 r 104.6 r 108.2 r
III 105.6 85.9 81.4 115.3 r 104.5 r 109.2 r
II 102.6 84.5 82.4 114.9 r 105.1 r 112.1 r
I 101.2 87.0 86.0 112.8 r 103.6 r 111.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 II -3.5 1.4 5.1 1.6 -2.4 5.3
I 6.9 r 13.8 r 6.4 r 4.9 r -0.4 r -1.9 r
2010 ANNUAL 8.1 7.9 r -0.1 2.1 r 0.4 r -5.5 r
2010 IV 5.3 r 5.7 r 0.4 2.2 r -0.5 r -3.0 r
III 1.7 8.3 6.5 -0.8 r -2.2 r -2.5 r
II 11.3 14.5 2.8 7.1 r 7.7 r -3.7 r
I 6.2 10.2 3.8 -3.1 r -4.3 r -8.7 r
2009 ANNUAL -3.5 -18.4 -15.5 5.7 r 6.1 r 9.5 r
2009 IV 6.8 6.4 -0.4 3.8 r 1.0 r -2.8 r
III 19.4 11.5 -6.6 1.0 r -2.6 r -15.4 r
II 3.7 -17.5 -20.5 11.6 r 9.5 r 7.6 r
I -8.8 -30.3 -23.6 3.1 r 5.5 r 13.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 II 2.5 7.2 4.6 1.9 -1.4 -0.6
I 6.3 r 10.5 r 4.0 r 3.3 r 1.1 r -2.8 r
2010 ANNUAL 8.1 7.9 r -0.1 2.1 r 0.4 r -5.5 r
2010 IV 6.1 9.6 r 3.4 1.3 r 0.1 r -4.5 r
III 6.5 9.8 3.2 1.7 r 0.4 r -4.5 r
II 10.8 10.6 -0.2 2.1 r 0.3 r -7.8 r
I 8.9 1.9 -6.4 3.2 r 0.8 r -5.2 r
2009 ANNUAL -3.5 -18.4 -15.5 5.7 r 6.1 r 9.5 r
2009 IV 4.8 -9.1 -13.3 4.8 r 3.3 r 0.0 r
III -1.2 -17.8 -16.8 5.9 r 7.7 r 7.2 r
II -6.6 -23.4 -18.0 7.4 8.4 15.0
I -9.7 -21.9 -13.4 4.6 r 4.8 r 15.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 II 113.6 94.6 83.2 120.8 105.1 106.4
I 114.6 r 94.2 r 82.2 r 120.4 r 105.7 r 105.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 110.7 r 88.7 r 80.1 118.1 r 105.7 r 106.7 r
2010 IV 112.7 r 91.2 r 80.9 118.9 r 105.8 r 105.5 r
III 111.3 90.0 80.9 118.3 r 105.9 r 106.3 r
II 110.8 88.2 79.6 118.5 r 106.5 r 107.0 r
I 107.9 85.3 79.0 116.5 r 104.6 r 108.0 r
2009 ANNUAL 102.4 82.1 80.2 115.7 r 105.3 r 112.9 r
2009 IV 106.3 83.2 78.3 117.4 r 105.7 r 110.5 r
III 104.5 81.9 78.4 116.4 r 105.5 r 111.3 r
II 100.0 79.7 79.7 116.1 r 106.2 r 116.1 r
I 99.1 83.7 84.4 112.9 r 103.8 r 114.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 II 1.2 -0.2 -1.4 3.0 -1.0 1.8
I 3.4 r 2.0 r -1.3 r -0.8 r -5.8 r -4.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 0.8 r -0.9 r -2.8 r
2010 IV 5.3 2.0 r -3.2 2.2 r -0.5 r -3.0 r
III 4.2 2.8 -1.3 5.7 r 4.2 r 1.4 r
II -1.4 4.0 5.4 -1.9 r -1.4 r -0.5 r
I 3.6 5.4 1.7 -2.2 r -3.4 r -5.6 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.3 -7.5 -8.7 2.9 r 3.2 r 1.5 r
2009 IV 7.3 5.8 -1.4 1.9 r -0.9 r -5.1 r
III 4.5 2.3 -2.2 2.5 r -1.1 r -1.9 r
II 3.2 -3.6 -6.5 2.8 r 0.8 r -0.4 r
I 1.2 -12.6 -13.6 -3.3 r -1.0 r -4.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 II 3.5 1.7 -1.8 2.5 -0.8 -1.0
I 2.9 r 2.7 r -0.2 r 1.2 r -0.9 r -1.6 r
2010 ANNUAL 3.6 3.7 0.1 0.8 r -0.9 r -2.8 r
2010 IV 2.9 3.5 0.6 0.9 r -0.3 r -2.0 r
III 3.4 4.5 1.1 0.8 r -0.4 r -2.5 r
II 3.5 4.4 0.8 0.1 r -1.7 r -3.3 r
I 4.6 2.4 -2.1 1.2 r -1.1 r -3.3 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.3 -7.5 -8.7 2.9 r 3.2 r 1.5 r
2009 IV 4.0 -2.3 -6.0 0.9 r -0.5 r -3.0 r
III 3.3 -6.8 -9.8 3.5 r 5.2 r 0.1 r
II -0.1 -10.0 -9.9 3.7 r 4.7 r 3.8 r
I -1.8 -10.4 -8.8 3.3 r 3.4 r 5.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 II 110.4 95.2 86.3 116.5 101.3 105.5
I 110.0 r 95.3 r 86.6 r 115.6 r 101.5 r 105.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 107.6 r 93.9 r 87.2 114.7 r 102.7 r 106.6 r
2010 IV 109.1 r 94.8 r 86.9 115.8 r 103.0 r 106.1 r
III 107.7 94.3 87.6 115.2 r 103.2 r 106.9 r
II 106.6 93.7 87.9 113.6 r 102.1 r 106.6 r
I 107.0 92.8 86.7 114.2 r 102.5 r 106.7 r
2009 ANNUAL 103.9 90.5 87.2 113.8 r 103.6 r 109.6 r
2009 IV 106.0 91.5 86.3 114.8 r 103.3 r 108.3 r
III 104.2 90.3 86.6 114.3 r 103.6 r 109.7 r
II 103.0 89.8 87.1 113.5 r 103.8 r 110.2 r
I 102.2 90.6 88.6 112.8 r 103.6 r 110.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2011 I 1.4 r 3.6 r 2.1 r 3.1 r -2.1 r 1.6 r 1.5 r 1.6 r 4.6 r 2.0 r
2010 ANNUAL 5.3 r 5.4 r 0.1 1.9 r 0.3 r -3.2 -9.7 r -5.1 r 40.6 r -0.7 r
2010 IV -3.1 r -1.3 r 1.9 r -0.3 r -3.0 r 2.9 r 1.8 r 2.6 r -0.8 r 2.1 r
III -0.1 r 2.3 r 2.3 2.6 r 1.2 r 2.7 r -4.6 r 0.6 r 13.3 r 2.3 r
II -1.2 r 2.9 r 4.2 r 1.4 r 2.0 r 2.7 r -7.8 r -0.4 r 10.2 r 0.9 r
I 9.3 r 10.6 r 1.2 0.9 r -0.4 r -7.7 r -15.0 r -9.9 r 101.8 r -0.5 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.6 r -6.3 r -7.8 r 2.0 r 2.4 r 0.4 5.3 r 1.8 r -9.2 r 0.6
2009 IV 10.5 r 9.9 r -0.6 1.6 r -1.1 r -8.1 r -10.4 r -8.7 r 74.1 r -2.4 r
III 9.3 r 3.8 r -5.0 r 3.0 r -0.7 r -5.7 r -13.5 r -8.1 r 52.8 r -3.7 r
II 7.2 r -3.2 r -9.7 r 7.4 r 5.4 r 0.2 r -3.3 r -0.9 r -28.2 r -3.7 r
I -8.1 r -18.6 r -11.5 r -6.3 r -4.0 r 2.0 r 21.4 r 7.4 r -29.7 r 3.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2011 I -0.8 r 1.8 r 2.6 1.7 r -0.5 r 2.5 r -2.3 r 1.1 r 6.7 r 1.8 r
2010 ANNUAL 5.3 r 5.4 r 0.1 1.9 r 0.3 r -3.2 -9.7 r -5.1 r 40.6 r -0.7 r
2010 IV 1.1 r 3.5 r 2.4 r 1.1 r -0.1 r 0.0 r -6.6 r -1.9 r 25.7 r 1.2 r
III 4.5 r 6.4 r 1.8 r 1.6 r 0.4 r -2.7 r -9.5 r -4.7 r 44.7 r 0.1 r
II 6.8 r 6.8 r -0.1 1.7 r 0.0 r -4.8 -11.7 r -6.9 r 56.0 r -1.4 r
I 9.1 r 5.1 r -3.6 3.2 r 0.8 r -5.4 r -10.7 r -7.0 r 40.1 r -2.6 r
2009 ANNUAL 1.6 r -6.3 r -7.8 r 2.0 r 2.4 r 0.4 5.3 r 1.8 r -9.2 r 0.6
2009 IV 4.5 r -2.6 r -6.8 r 1.3 r -0.1 r -3.0 r -2.3 r -2.8 r 7.6 r -1.7 r
III 1.3 r -7.6 r -8.8 r 2.5 r 4.1 r 1.2 r 4.9 r 2.2 r -19.2 r -0.3 r
II 1.1 r -7.7 r -8.7 r 2.9 r 3.9 1.7 r 8.7 r 3.7 r -16.2 r 1.6 r
I -0.3 r -7.2 r -6.9 r 1.5 1.6 1.8 r 10.4 r 4.3 r -7.8 r 3.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2011 I 109.9 r 103.3 r 94.0 r 116.9 r 102.7 r 106.4 r 107.6 r 106.7 r 120.4 r 108.5 r
2010 ANNUAL 110.3 r 102.2 r 92.7 r 115.6 r 103.5 r 104.9 r 108.0 r 105.7 r 116.7 r 107.1 r
2010 IV 109.5 r 102.4 r 93.5 r 116.0 r 103.2 r 106.0 r 107.2 r 106.3 r 119.0 r 107.9 r
III 110.4 r 102.8 r 93.1 r 116.1 r 104.0 r 105.2 r 106.7 r 105.6 r 119.3 r 107.3 r
II 110.4 r 102.2 r 92.6 r 115.4 r 103.7 r 104.5 r 107.9 r 105.5 r 115.6 r 106.8 r
I 110.7 r 101.5 r 91.6 r 115.0 r 103.2 r 103.8 r 110.2 r 105.6 r 112.8 r 106.5 r
2009 ANNUAL 104.7 r 97.0 r 92.6 r 113.4 r 103.2 r 108.4 r 119.5 r 111.5 r 83.0 r 107.9
2009 IV 108.3 r 98.9 r 91.3 r 114.7 r 103.3 r 105.9 r 114.7 r 108.4 r 94.7 r 106.6 r
III 105.6 r 96.6 r 91.5 r 114.3 r 103.6 r 108.2 r 117.9 r 110.9 r 82.4 r 107.3 r
II 103.3 r 95.7 r 92.7 r 113.4 r 103.7 r 109.8 r 122.3 r 113.2 r 74.1 r 108.3 r
I 101.5 r 96.5 r 95.1 r 111.4 r 102.4 r 109.7 r 123.3 r 113.5 r 80.5 r 109.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as
more complete information becomes available. The measures are first
published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions
appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.
In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a
quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the
initial value by between -1.8 and 1.6 index points approximately 95
percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this
measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of
2011.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2010 is based on
the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest
and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental
income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
average indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with
inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices.
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
Year persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 110.0 r 102.5 r 93.2 r 115.8 r 103.6 r 105.3 r 116.3 r 109.6 r
2009 105.7 r 98.7 r 93.4 r 113.5 r 103.3 r 107.4 r 109.6 r 108.3 r
2008 103.2 r 103.7 r 100.5 r 111.7 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 106.3 r 107.5 r
2007 102.4 r 105.1 r 102.6 r 108.1 r 101.7 r 105.5 r 105.6 r 105.6 r
2006 100.9 r 103.0 r 102.1 r 103.8 r 100.5 r 102.8 r 103.0 r 102.9 r
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2004 98.4 r 96.7 r 98.3 r 96.2 r 99.5 r 97.8 r 95.4 r 96.9 r
2003 95.7 r 93.0 r 97.2 r 93.0 r 98.7 r 97.2 r 90.3 r 94.5 r
2002 92.2 r 90.2 r 97.8 r 88.8 r 96.4 r 96.4 r 88.4 r 93.2 r
2001 88.2 r 88.4 r 100.3 r 86.1 r 95.0 r 97.7 r 84.5 r 92.5 r
2000 85.6 r 87.7 r 102.4 r 82.3 r 93.3 r 96.1 r 82.9 r 90.9 r
1999 82.7 r 83.9 r 101.4 r 76.6 r 89.8 r 92.6 r 84.0 r 89.2 r
1998 79.9 r 79.5 r 99.4 r 73.3 r 87.7 r 91.7 r 83.6 r 88.5 r
1997 77.6 r 75.7 r 97.5 r 69.1 r 83.8 r 89.1 r 86.2 r 87.9 r
1996 76.3 r 72.0 r 94.4 r 66.9 r 82.9 r 87.8 r 84.7 r 86.6 r
1995 74.1 r 68.8 r 92.9 r 64.7 r 82.4 r 87.4 r 81.9 r 85.2 r
1994 74.1 r 67.0 r 90.4 r 63.4 r 82.6 r 85.6 r 80.7 r 83.7 r
1993 73.4 r 63.8 r 86.9 r 62.5 r 83.1 r 85.1 r 77.9 r 82.3 r
1992 73.0 r 61.8 r 84.7 r 61.1 r 83.3 r 83.7 r 76.1 r 80.7 r
1991 70.1 r 59.5 r 84.9 r 58.0 r 81.1 r 82.8 r 73.6 r 79.2 r
1990 69.0 r 60.0 r 86.9 r 55.2 r 80.0 r 80.0 r 71.6 r 76.7 r
1989 67.6 r 59.1 r 87.4 r 51.9 r 78.9 r 76.7 r 69.9 r 74.0 r
1988 66.9 r 57.0 r 85.2 r 50.5 r 80.1 r 75.5 r 65.1 r 71.4 r
1987 65.9 r 54.6 r 82.9 r 48.0 r 79.0 r 72.9 r 63.7 r 69.2 r
1986 65.7 r 52.9 r 80.5 r 46.4 r 78.8 r 70.5 r 63.1 r 67.6 r
1985 63.9 r 51.0 r 79.8 r 44.1 r 76.3 r 69.0 r 62.7 r 66.5 r
1984 62.5 r 48.7 r 78.0 r 42.1 r 75.4 r 67.4 r 61.2 r 65.0 r
1983 60.8 r 44.8 r 73.7 r 40.4 r 75.3 r 66.4 r 58.1 r 63.1 r
1982 58.7 r 42.6 r 72.5 r 38.8 r 75.4 r 66.1 r 53.3 r 61.1 r
1981 59.2 r 43.9 r 74.1 r 36.2 r 74.5 r 61.1 r 52.6 r 57.8 r
1980 58.0 r 42.7 r 73.6 r 33.1 r 74.6 r 57.0 r 46.6 r 52.9 r
1979 58.1 r 43.2 r 74.3 r 29.9 r 74.9 r 51.4 r 44.1 r 48.5 r
1978 58.2 r 41.8 r 71.8 r 27.3 r 74.9 r 46.9 r 41.4 r 44.7 r
1977 57.5 r 39.3 r 68.3 r 25.1 r 73.7 r 43.6 r 39.0 r 41.8 r
1976 56.6 r 37.2 r 65.8 r 23.2 r 72.7 r 41.1 r 36.8 r 39.4 r
1975 54.8 r 34.9 r 63.7 r 21.4 r 70.8 r 39.0 r 35.0 r 37.4 r
1974 53.0 r 35.3 r 66.6 r 19.4 r 70.1 r 36.6 r 30.2 r 34.1 r
1973 53.9 r 35.8 r 66.5 r 17.7 r 71.0 r 32.9 r 28.4 r 31.1 r
1972 52.3 r 33.5 r 64.0 r 16.3 r 69.6 r 31.2 r 27.0 r 29.6 r
1971 50.6 r 31.4 r 62.1 r 15.4 r 67.5 r 30.3 r 25.8 r 28.5 r
1970 48.6 r 30.3 r 62.2 r 14.5 r 66.3 r 29.7 r 23.8 r 27.4 r
1969 47.7 r 30.3 r 63.5 r 13.4 r 65.1 r 28.1 r 23.3 r 26.2 r
1968 47.4 r 29.4 r 61.9 r 12.5 64.2 r 26.4 r 23.0 r 25.1 r
1967 45.9 r 28.0 r 61.0 r 11.6 61.9 r 25.3 r 22.3 r 24.1 r
1966 44.9 r 27.5 r 61.2 r 11.0 60.4 r 24.5 r 22.0 r 23.5 r
1965 43.1 r 25.7 r 59.6 r 10.3 r 58.2 r 23.9 r 21.5 r 22.9 r
1964 41.7 r 24.0 r 57.7 r 9.9 r 57.0 r 23.8 r 20.7 r 22.6 r
1963 40.3 r 22.6 r 56.1 r 9.6 r 55.6 r 23.7 r 20.2 r 22.3 r
1962 38.8 r 21.6 r 55.7 r 9.2 r 54.4 r 23.8 r 19.7 r 22.2 r
1961 37.1 r 20.3 r 54.7 r 8.8 52.6 r 23.8 r 19.1 r 22.0 r
1960 35.8 r 19.9 r 55.5 r 8.5 r 51.2 r 23.7 r 18.8 r 21.8 r
1959 35.2 r 19.5 r 55.4 r 8.2 r 50.0 r 23.2 r 19.1 r 21.6 r
1958 33.9 r 18.0 r 53.2 r 7.8 48.3 r 23.1 r 18.7 r 21.4 r
1957 33.0 r 18.4 r 55.7 r 7.5 47.6 r 22.8 r 18.3 r 21.0 r
1956 32.0 r 18.1 r 56.5 r 7.1 r 46.2 r 22.1 r 17.8 r 20.4 r
1955 31.9 r 17.8 r 55.7 r 6.6 r 44.0 r 20.7 r 18.2 r 19.7 r
1954 30.6 r 16.4 r 53.7 r 6.5 42.7 r 21.1 r 17.1 r 19.5 r
1953 30.0 r 16.7 r 55.5 r 6.3 r 41.7 r 20.9 r 17.2 r 19.4 r
1952 28.9 r 15.9 r 54.8 r 5.9 r 39.5 r 20.3 r 17.6 r 19.2 r
1951 28.1 r 15.4 r 54.7 r 5.5 r 37.9 r 19.7 r 18.0 r 19.0 r
1950 27.3 r 14.5 r 53.0 r 5.1 37.3 r 18.5 r 16.3 r 17.7 r
1949 25.2 r 13.2 r 52.3 r 4.7 35.3 r 18.7 r 15.5 r 17.5 r
1948 24.6 r 13.3 r 54.0 r 4.7 r 34.4 r 18.9 r 15.7 r 17.6 r
1947 23.5 r 12.6 r 53.6 r 4.3 r 34.3 r 18.2 r 14.1 r 16.6 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices.
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
Year persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 109.8 r 102.4 r 93.2 r 115.8 r 103.7 r 105.4 r 116.1 r 109.6 r
2009 105.5 r 98.5 r 93.3 r 113.4 r 103.3 r 107.5 r 109.8 r 108.4 r
2008 103.1 r 103.7 r 100.6 r 111.6 r 101.2 r 108.2 r 105.8 r 107.3 r
2007 102.4 r 105.3 r 102.7 r 107.9 r 101.6 r 105.3 r 105.4 r 105.4 r
2006 100.9 r 103.1 r 102.2 r 103.8 r 100.5 r 102.8 r 103.2 r 103.0 r
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2004 98.4 r 96.7 r 98.3 r 96.2 r 99.4 r 97.8 r 94.8 r 96.6 r
2003 95.8 r 93.0 r 97.1 r 93.1 r 98.8 r 97.1 r 90.1 r 94.4 r
2002 92.4 r 90.3 r 97.6 r 88.9 r 96.5 r 96.2 r 88.7 r 93.2 r
2001 88.4 r 88.6 r 100.2 r 86.2 r 95.0 r 97.5 r 84.6 r 92.4 r
2000 85.9 r 87.8 r 102.2 r 82.5 r 93.5 r 96.0 r 83.0 r 90.9 r
1999 83.1 r 84.1 r 101.2 r 76.8 r 89.9 r 92.4 r 84.1 r 89.1 r
1998 80.4 r 79.6 r 99.0 r 73.6 r 88.0 r 91.5 r 83.3 r 88.3 r
1997 78.1 r 75.7 r 96.9 r 69.4 r 84.2 r 88.9 r 85.6 r 87.6 r
1996 76.9 r 72.1 r 93.7 r 67.4 r 83.4 r 87.5 r 83.7 r 86.0 r
1995 75.0 r 69.0 r 92.0 r 65.2 r 82.9 r 86.9 r 81.6 r 84.8 r
1994 74.7 r 66.9 r 89.6 r 63.9 r 83.2 r 85.5 r 80.1 r 83.4 r
1993 73.9 r 63.9 r 86.4 r 62.7 r 83.5 r 84.9 r 77.3 r 81.9 r
1992 73.5 r 61.8 r 84.0 r 61.5 r 83.9 r 83.7 r 75.1 r 80.3 r
1991 70.7 r 59.5 r 84.2 r 58.4 r 81.6 r 82.6 r 72.8 r 78.7 r
1990 69.6 r 60.1 r 86.3 r 55.5 r 80.3 r 79.7 r 70.5 r 76.1 r
1989 68.4 r 59.2 r 86.6 r 52.2 r 79.4 r 76.4 r 68.7 r 73.4 r
1988 67.9 r 57.2 r 84.3 r 50.9 r 80.8 r 75.1 r 64.2 r 70.8 r
1987 66.8 r 54.7 r 81.9 r 48.5 r 79.7 r 72.7 r 62.7 r 68.7 r
1986 66.6 r 52.9 r 79.5 r 46.8 r 79.5 r 70.3 r 62.1 r 67.1 r
1985 64.6 r 51.0 r 78.9 r 44.5 r 76.9 r 68.9 r 61.5 r 66.0 r
1984 63.5 r 48.9 r 76.9 r 42.6 r 76.2 r 67.0 r 59.7 r 64.1 r
1983 62.3 r 45.1 r 72.5 r 40.9 r 76.2 r 65.7 r 57.2 r 62.4 r
1982 59.7 r 42.4 r 71.1 r 39.3 r 76.3 r 65.8 r 52.1 r 60.4 r
1981 60.3 r 43.8 r 72.7 r 36.7 r 75.5 r 60.8 r 50.9 r 56.9 r
1980 59.5 r 42.9 r 72.2 r 33.4 r 75.4 r 56.2 r 45.3 r 51.9 r
1979 59.6 r 43.4 r 72.8 r 30.2 r 75.7 r 50.7 r 42.3 r 47.4 r
1978 59.9 r 42.1 r 70.3 r 27.6 r 75.8 r 46.1 r 39.9 r 43.7 r
1977 59.1 r 39.5 r 66.8 r 25.4 r 74.5 r 42.9 r 37.8 r 40.9 r
1976 58.2 r 37.4 r 64.2 r 23.5 r 73.4 r 40.3 r 35.7 r 38.5 r
1975 56.3 r 34.9 r 62.0 r 21.6 r 71.6 r 38.4 r 33.5 r 36.5 r
1974 54.8 r 35.5 r 64.8 r 19.7 r 71.0 r 35.9 r 28.4 r 32.9 r
1973 55.7 r 36.0 r 64.7 r 17.9 r 71.8 r 32.2 r 26.3 r 29.9 r
1972 54.0 r 33.6 r 62.2 r 16.6 r 70.5 r 30.7 r 26.0 r 28.8 r
1971 52.3 r 31.5 r 60.2 r 15.5 r 68.4 r 29.8 r 25.2 r 28.0 r
1970 50.2 r 30.3 r 60.4 r 14.6 r 67.1 r 29.1 r 23.3 r 26.8 r
1969 49.5 r 30.4 r 61.3 r 13.6 r 66.2 r 27.5 r 22.8 r 25.7 r
1968 49.4 r 29.5 r 59.6 r 12.8 65.3 r 25.8 r 22.6 r 24.6 r
1967 47.8 r 28.0 r 58.6 r 11.8 r 63.1 r 24.8 r 21.9 r 23.6 r
1966 47.0 r 27.5 r 58.6 r 11.2 r 61.5 r 23.8 r 21.5 r 22.9 r
1965 45.4 r 25.7 r 56.6 r 10.6 r 59.7 r 23.3 r 21.0 r 22.4 r
1964 44.0 r 24.0 r 54.5 r 10.2 r 58.7 r 23.2 r 20.3 r 22.1 r
1963 42.7 r 22.5 r 52.6 r 9.9 57.7 r 23.2 r 19.7 r 21.8 r
1962 41.3 r 21.5 r 52.0 r 9.6 56.5 r 23.2 r 19.3 r 21.7 r
1961 39.5 r 20.1 r 50.9 r 9.2 54.9 r 23.3 r 18.6 r 21.5 r
1960 38.3 r 19.7 r 51.4 r 8.9 r 53.7 r 23.3 r 18.2 r 21.3 r
1959 37.9 r 19.4 r 51.1 r 8.6 52.3 r 22.6 r 18.7 r 21.0 r
1958 36.5 r 17.8 r 48.9 r 8.2 r 50.7 r 22.6 r 18.0 r 20.8 r
1957 35.7 r 18.2 r 51.0 r 7.9 r 50.2 r 22.2 r 17.9 r 20.5 r
1956 34.8 r 17.8 r 51.3 r 7.5 49.0 r 21.5 r 17.3 r 19.9 r
1955 35.0 r 17.5 r 50.1 r 7.1 46.9 r 20.1 r 17.7 r 19.2 r
1954 33.6 r 16.2 r 48.1 r 6.8 45.0 r 20.2 r 16.7 r 18.8 r
1953 33.0 r 16.4 r 49.8 r 6.6 44.0 r 20.0 r 16.6 r 18.7 r
1952 32.2 r 15.7 r 48.6 r 6.2 42.0 r 19.4 r 16.7 r 18.3 r
1951 31.7 r 15.2 r 48.1 r 5.9 r 40.5 r 18.7 r 16.8 r 18.0 r
1950 30.8 r 14.2 r 45.9 r 5.4 40.2 r 17.7 r 15.6 r 16.9 r
1949 28.9 r 12.9 r 44.5 r 5.1 38.5 r 17.8 r 15.0 r 16.7 r
1948 28.0 r 12.9 r 46.3 r 5.0 36.9 r 17.9 r 14.5 r 16.5 r
1947 27.2 r 12.4 r 45.5 r 4.6 r 36.7 r 16.9 r 13.4 r 15.5 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices.
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2005=100
2010 110.3 r 102.2 r 92.7 r 115.6 r 103.5 r 104.9 r 108.0 r 105.7 r 116.7 r 107.1 r
2009 104.7 r 97.0 r 92.6 r 113.4 r 103.2 r 108.4 r 119.5 r 111.5 r 83.0 r 107.9
2008 103.0 r 103.5 r 100.5 r 111.2 r 100.8 r 108.0 r 113.5 r 109.5 r 91.5 r 107.2
2007 102.7 r 105.0 102.2 r 107.3 r 101.0 r 104.5 109.0 105.7 99.8 105.0
2006 101.9 r 103.8 101.9 r 103.3 r 100.0 r 101.3 103.0 101.8 111.6 103.0
2005 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2004 97.8 r 96.5 98.7 r 96.5 r 99.7 r 98.6 95.7 97.8 88.0 96.6
2003 94.4 r 92.3 97.8 r 93.9 r 99.7 r 99.5 96.8 98.7 66.0 94.6
2002 90.5 r 90.1 99.6 r 89.5 r 97.1 r 98.9 97.0 98.4 59.4 93.5
2001 87.1 r 89.5 102.7 r 87.1 r 96.1 r 100.0 96.7 99.1 51.8 93.1
2000 86.4 r 91.2 105.6 r 84.4 r 95.6 r 97.6 91.1 95.8 64.3 91.8
1999 83.0 r 86.6 104.3 r 78.6 r 92.0 r 94.6 88.1 92.8 77.3 90.8
1998 80.5 r 82.0 102.0 r 75.2 r 90.0 r 93.5 85.7 91.3 83.1 90.3
1997 77.8 r 77.6 99.8 r 71.0 r 86.0 r 91.2 85.3 89.6 94.7 90.2
1996 75.8 r 72.9 96.1 r 68.9 r 85.3 r 90.8 85.4 89.3 92.5 89.7
1995 73.1 r 69.0 94.4 r 66.9 r 85.1 r 91.5 85.8 89.9 85.4 89.3
1994 72.4 r 66.0 91.1 r 65.7 r 85.6 r 90.8 85.5 89.3 82.4 88.4
1993 70.9 r 62.0 87.4 r 64.6 r 85.9 r 91.0 85.1 89.4 70.3 87.0
1992 70.8 r 60.4 85.4 r 63.4 r 86.5 r 89.6 85.8 88.6 61.4 85.1
1991 69.0 r 58.7 85.0 r 60.5 r 84.6 r 87.6 87.9 87.7 58.0 83.9
1990 67.4 r 59.0 87.5 r 57.6 r 83.4 r 85.6 83.5 85.0 58.9 81.7
1989 66.6 r 58.1 87.2 r 55.0 r 83.6 r 82.5 80.0 81.8 61.2 79.2
1988 67.6 r 57.1 84.6 r 53.7 r 85.1 r 79.4 75.1 78.2 66.8 76.8
1987 65.9 r 54.0 82.0 r 51.5 r 84.6 r 78.1 74.2 77.0 60.3 74.9
1986 64.6 r 51.4 79.5 r 49.8 r 84.7 r 77.1 74.9 76.5 53.6 73.6
1985 63.3 r 50.1 79.3 r 47.5 r 82.1 r 75.0 71.5 74.1 62.4 72.6
1984 62.0 r 48.1 77.5 r 45.4 r 81.3 r 73.2 69.6 72.2 65.2 71.3
1983 60.6 r 44.2 72.8 r 43.6 r 81.3 r 71.9 70.3 71.5 54.3 69.3
1982 58.7 r 42.1 71.8 r 42.1 r 81.7 r 71.7 70.2 71.3 44.7 67.9
1981 58.5 r 43.1 73.8 r 39.5 r 81.3 r 67.5 63.3 66.3 48.5 64.1
1980 57.1 r 41.5 72.7 r 36.2 r 81.7 r 63.5 55.6 61.3 40.7 58.7
1979 57.2 r 41.9 73.2 r 32.9 r 82.5 r 57.5 47.5 54.7 45.4 53.5
1978 57.7 r 40.6 70.4 r 30.2 r 82.9 r 52.3 43.6 49.9 48.4 49.7
1977 57.0 r 38.2 66.9 r 27.6 r 81.2 r 48.5 41.5 46.5 46.6 46.6
1976 55.5 r 35.5 64.0 r 25.6 r 80.1 r 46.1 40.0 44.4 42.7 44.2
1975 53.7 r 32.8 61.2 r 23.7 r 78.3 r 44.1 40.3 43.0 37.8 42.4
1974 51.7 r 33.3 64.5 r 21.5 r 77.8 r 41.7 35.4 39.9 29.1 38.6
1973 52.8 r 33.9 64.2 r 19.7 r 78.9 r 37.3 30.8 35.5 32.9 35.2
1972 52.2 r 31.9 61.1 r 18.3 r 77.9 r 35.0 29.3 33.4 32.5 33.3
1971 51.2 r 29.6 57.9 r 17.3 r 76.3 r 33.9 29.3 32.6 30.0 32.3
1970 49.1 r 28.5 58.0 r 16.3 r 74.9 r 33.3 28.0 31.8 26.5 31.1
1969 48.7 r 28.7 58.9 r 15.3 r 74.0 r 31.3 24.8 29.5 32.5 29.9
1968 48.7 r 27.6 56.7 r 14.3 r 73.1 r 29.4 23.0 27.6 35.9 28.6
1967 47.0 r 25.9 55.1 r 13.3 r 70.8 r 28.3 21.7 26.4 36.0 27.6
1966 46.2 r 25.2 54.6 r 12.6 r 69.1 r 27.2 20.4 25.3 38.5 27.0
1965 45.4 r 23.5 51.8 r 11.9 r 67.3 r 26.2 20.3 24.6 38.7 26.4
1964 44.3 r 21.7 49.0 r 11.6 r 66.5 r 26.1 20.5 24.6 36.0 26.0
1963 43.6 r 20.3 46.5 r 11.4 r 66.1 r 26.0 20.5 24.5 34.7 25.8
1962 42.1 r 19.1 45.5 r 11.0 r 65.0 r 26.2 20.6 24.6 32.8 25.7
1961 40.3 r 17.6 43.8 r 10.6 r 63.2 r 26.3 21.0 24.8 30.4 25.5
1960 39.0 r 17.2 44.2 r 10.3 r 61.8 r 26.3 20.6 24.7 30.3 25.4
1959 38.4 r 16.7 43.5 r 9.9 r 60.5 r 25.7 20.1 24.2 32.9 25.3
1958 36.6 r 15.0 41.0 r 9.5 r 58.7 r 26.0 21.0 24.6 28.3 25.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 9, 2011
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
