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Economic News Release
PRINT:Print

Productivity and Costs News Release



Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                 USDL 22-1624
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, August 9, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov    

                                PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS 
                           Second Quarter 2022, Preliminary

Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased 4.6 percent in the second quarter of 2022, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output decreased 2.1 percent and hours worked 
increased 2.6 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) 
From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased 2.5 percent, 
reflecting a 1.5-percent increase in output and a 4.1-percent increase in hours worked. The 2.5-percent 
decline in labor productivity from the same quarter a year ago is the largest decline in this series, which 
begins in the first quarter of 1948. (See table A1.) 

Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 10.8 percent in the second quarter of 2022, 
reflecting a 5.7-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 4.6-percent decrease in productivity. Unit 
labor costs increased 9.5 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.) This is the largest 
four-quarter increase in this measure since a 10.6-percent increase in the first quarter of 1982. BLS 
calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in hourly 
compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them. 

Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of 
hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The second 
quarter of 2022 is the second consecutive quarter in which output decreased while hours increased. The 
resulting productivity declines over these two quarters reduced the average annual productivity growth 
rate since the fourth quarter of 2019–the last quarter not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic–to 0.6 
percent in the nonfarm business sector. Output and hours worked in the nonfarm business sector are now 
2.9 percent and 1.5 percent above their fourth-quarter 2019 levels, respectively. 

Hourly compensation increased 5.7 percent in the nonfarm business sector in the second quarter of 2022. 
Real hourly compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, decreased 4.4 percent 
in the second quarter of 2022, which followed a 4.4-percent decline in the first quarter of 2022. The 
consumer price series which is used to estimate real hourly compensation grew 10.5 percent in the 
second quarter of 2022, the largest increase since an 11.6-percent increase in the first quarter of 1981 
(seasonally adjusted annual rates). See Footnote 2 for more information. 

Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 5.5 percent in the second quarter of 2022, as 
output increased 4.3 percent and hours worked decreased 1.1 percent. In the durable manufacturing 
sector, productivity increased 6.1 percent, with a 6.0-percent increase in output and a 0.1-percent 
decrease in hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity increased 5.4 percent, as 
output increased 2.6 percent and hours decreased 2.6 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity 
increased 0.4 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)

Manufacturing sector output is now 3.6 percent above its level in the fourth quarter of 2019, the last 
quarter not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hours worked in manufacturing remain 1.3 percent 
below the fourth-quarter 2019 level. The manufacturing labor productivity index is 4.9 percent higher in 
second-quarter 2022 than in fourth-quarter 2019, corresponding to an annual labor productivity growth 
rate of 1.9 percent during that period. 

Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector decreased 0.5 percent in the second quarter of 2022, 
reflecting a 4.9-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 5.5-percent increase in productivity. 
Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 4.4 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1 
and 3.)

The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in 
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See 
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.  

Revised measures
        
Regular updates of source data published in June and July by the BLS and the Bureau of Economic 
Analysis (BEA) are reflected in data for the first quarter of 2022; data published by BLS August 5, 2022 
have not been incorporated. Quarterly measures of manufacturing output and all related measures--
including labor productivity--were revised historically to incorporate revised monthly Indexes of 
Industrial Production (IIP) published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on June 
28, 2022. Annual manufacturing output measures for 1987 to 2020 were not revised; the annual average 
percent change for 2021 reflects changes in IIP. 

Table B1 presents revised and previous labor productivity and related measures for the nonfarm 
business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the first quarter of 2022. Table A2 presents these 
measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector.

Nonfarm business sector productivity was revised down slightly to a decrease of 7.4 percent in the 
first quarter of 2022; output was revised down to a decrease of 2.5 percent and hours worked were 
revised down to an increase of 5.3 percent. (See table B1.) A slight upward revision to first-quarter unit 
labor costs, to a rate of 12.7 percent, reflected a slight downward revision to productivity; hourly 
compensation was not revised.

Manufacturing sector productivity was revised down 1.2 percentage points to a decline of 1.0 percent 
in the first quarter of 2022, primarily reflecting a downward revision to output; hours were revised up 
slightly. Productivity was revised down in the durable manufacturing subsector and the nondurable 
manufacturing subsector. In the first quarter of 2022, total manufacturing unit labor costs increased 6.9 
percent rather than increasing 5.7 percent as reported June 2, reflecting a 1.2-percent downward revision 
to productivity; hourly compensation was revised down 0.1 percentage point. Annual average 
manufacturing productivity growth in 2021 was revised down to an increase of 2.6 percent from the 3.2-
percent reported previously due to a downward revision in output. (See tables B1 and 3.)  

Nonfinancial corporate sector productivity decreased 4.6 percent in the first quarter of 2022, a 
smaller decline than the previously published estimate of 5.0 percent, reflecting an upward revision to 
output and a downward revision to hours. Productivity in nonfinancial corporations decreased 0.1 
percent from the first quarter of 2021 to the first quarter of 2022. Unit labor costs in the nonfinancial 
corporate sector were revised down to an increase of 9.3 percent in the first quarter of 2022, as an 
upward revision to productivity was larger than an upward revision to hourly compensation. (See table 
A2.) Unit labor costs increased 8.2 percent from the same quarter a year ago. Unit profits were revised 
up in the first quarter to a smaller decline than previously reported, decreasing 2.1-percent in first-
quarter 2022. (See table 6.)

Complete quarterly and annual data series can be found on the Productivity and Costs home page: 
www.bls.gov/productivity/data-overview.htm.
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for second-quarter 2022 is scheduled to be 
released on Thursday, September 1, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


=========================================================================================================================
                                        Upcoming Revisions

Data in this release do not reflect the 2022 Annual Update of the National Income and Product Accounts 
(NIPA) to be released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on 
September 29, 2022. This annual update will be incorporated in our release on November 3, 2022.
=========================================================================================================================


=========================================================================================================================
                                   Upcoming methodology change

The BLS productivity program will introduce a new methodology for estimating hours worked for its 
major sector Productivity and Costs news release on November 3, 2022. This new methodology uses all-
employee hours data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey as the main source of 
data. The new methodology for estimating hours worked improves on the current methodology, which 
uses the CES production and nonsupervisory employee hours data. For more information see 
www.bls.gov/productivity/technical-notes/labor-productivity-hours-worked-method-using-ces-all-
employee-hours-nov-2022.htm.
=========================================================================================================================


=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary second-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                  Percent change from:    productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business        Previous quarter           -4.6         -2.1      2.6        5.7           -4.4          10.8
                        A year ago                 -2.5          1.5      4.1        6.7           -1.7           9.5
                        
Business                Previous quarter           -4.0         -1.9      2.2        6.1           -4.0          10.6
                        A year ago                 -2.4          1.5      4.0        6.9           -1.6           9.5
                        
Manufacturing           Previous quarter            5.5          4.3     -1.1        4.9           -5.1          -0.5
                        A Year ago                  0.4          4.5      4.1        4.8           -3.5           4.4

 Durable                Previous quarter            6.1          6.0     -0.1        5.3           -4.7          -0.7
 manufacturing          A year ago                  1.6          6.3      4.6        3.1           -5.1           1.4

 Nondurable             Previous quarter            5.4          2.6     -2.6        4.0           -5.9          -1.3
 manufacturing          A year ago                 -0.6          2.6      3.2        8.0           -0.5           8.6
=========================================================================================================================


=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published first-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                                          productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------       
Nonfinancial             Revised                   -4.6          1.1      5.9        4.3           -4.4           9.3
corporate          Previously published            -5.0          0.7      6.0        4.2           -4.6           9.7
=========================================================================================================================


=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published first-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)


                                                Labor                   Hours    Hourly         Real hourly    Unit labor
Sector                                          productivity   Output   worked   compensation   compensation   costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business        Revised                    -7.4         -2.5      5.3        4.4           -4.4          12.7
                   Previously published            -7.3         -2.3      5.4        4.4           -4.4          12.6
                        
Business                Revised                    -7.7         -2.5      5.6        4.2           -4.6          12.8
                   Previously published            -7.6         -2.4      5.6        4.1           -4.6          12.7
                        
Manufacturing           Revised                    -1.0          3.9      5.0        5.8           -3.1           6.9
                   Previously published             0.2          5.1      4.9        5.9           -3.0           5.7

 Durable                Revised                    -0.4          5.9      6.2        5.9           -3.0           6.3
 manufacturing     Previously published             0.9          6.9      6.0        6.0           -2.9           5.1
                        
 Nondurable             Revised                    -1.1          2.0      3.0        5.5           -3.4           6.6
 manufacturing     Previously published             0.0          3.2      3.2        5.5           -3.3           5.5
=========================================================================================================================



				     TECHNICAL NOTES


Labor Hours

Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all 
persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family 
workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by 
wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two 
or more establishments at each place of employment. The CES also provides average weekly 
paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours 
are adjusted to hours worked using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 
forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. 
Between 1990 and 1995, weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using a combination of 
NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates 
average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information 
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.

Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and 
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at 
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours 
worked to the appropriate industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from 
the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the 
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce. 

Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and 
Subsectors” on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/total-economy-hours-
employment.xlsx).

Output

Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from 
gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, 
and private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are 
made in labor hours worked. Business output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of 
GDP in 2021. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 75 percent of 
GDP in 2021.

Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are 
constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of 
the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS 
Producer Price Index program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using 
annual weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output 
measures are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of 
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of 
manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. 

Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of 
the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production.  The output measure excludes the 
following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; 
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, 
offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial 
corporations accounted for about 51 percent of the value of GDP in 2021. 

Labor Productivity

The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its 
production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the 
amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many 
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of 
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the 
characteristics and effort of the work force.

Labor Compensation

The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to 
employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for 
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee 
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in 
general government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from 
compensation of employees in domestic industries to derive employee compensation for the 
business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must 
be estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as 
employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain 
estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
      
Unit Labor Costs

These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity, 
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. 
Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset 
compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. 

Presentation of the data

The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the 
previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the 
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual 
data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year.  

The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are 
rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are 
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these 
index numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting 
the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email 
productivity@bls.gov).

For a more detailed explanation of methodology see the Handbook of Methods at 
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/msp/home.htm.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.



Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
                                                          Real
                                               Hourly     hourly                Unit       Implicit
Year          Labor                            compen-    compen-     Unit      nonlabor   price
and           produc-               Hours      sation     sation      labor     payments   deflator
quarter       tivity     Output     worked     (1)        (2)         costs     (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 II       -4.0        -1.9        2.2        6.1       -4.0       10.6        9.3       10.0  
     I        -7.7 r      -2.5 r      5.6        4.2 r     -4.6       12.8 r      3.9 r      9.0 r

2021 ANNUAL    1.9         7.2        5.2        5.8        1.1        3.8        5.5        4.5  

2021 IV        6.3         8.9        2.4       10.7        2.6        4.1       12.5        7.5  
     III      -3.7         1.8        5.7        6.7        0.0       10.8       -0.1        6.2  
     II        3.4         8.2        4.6        9.6        1.4        6.0        9.1        7.3  
     I         2.1         8.2        5.9       -0.4       -4.3       -2.5       17.2        5.1  

2020 ANNUAL    2.5        -4.2       -6.6        6.9        5.6        4.3       -4.8        0.4  

2020 IV       -3.4         6.1        9.8        9.9        7.5       13.8      -13.7        1.6  
     III       7.3        44.7       34.9       -3.8       -8.2      -10.4       32.5        5.1  
     II        9.3       -36.8      -42.2       20.8       25.0       10.6      -23.1       -4.6  
     I        -1.8        -6.8       -5.1        8.6        7.2       10.6      -12.8        0.0  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 II       -2.4         1.5        4.0        6.9       -1.6        9.5        6.3        8.2  
     I        -0.6         4.0        4.6        7.8 r     -0.2        8.4        6.2        7.5  

2021 ANNUAL    1.9         7.2        5.2        5.8        1.1        3.8        5.5        4.5  

2021 IV        2.0         6.7        4.7        6.6       -0.1        4.5        9.5        6.5  
     III      -0.5         6.0        6.5        6.4        1.1        6.8        2.5        5.0  
     II        2.3        15.8       13.2        3.6       -1.1        1.3       10.0        4.7  
     I         3.7         1.2       -2.4        6.2        4.2        2.4        0.7        1.7  

2020 ANNUAL    2.5        -4.2       -6.6        6.9        5.6        4.3       -4.8        0.4  

2020 IV        2.7        -2.5       -5.0        8.5        7.2        5.7       -6.4        0.5  
     III       3.9        -3.5       -7.1        7.3        6.0        3.3       -3.3        0.4  
     II        2.4       -11.3      -13.4        8.4        7.9        5.9       -9.2       -0.6  
     I         1.0         0.3       -0.7        3.6        1.5        2.6       -0.6        1.2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2012=100

2022 II      110.1       125.9      114.3      144.1      113.2      130.9      115.3      124.0  
     I       111.2 r     126.5 r    113.7 r    141.9 r    114.3 r    127.6 r    112.7 r    121.1 r

2021 ANNUAL  112.5       124.4      110.6      136.0      115.1      120.9      108.7      115.6  

2021 IV      113.5       127.3      112.2      140.5      115.7      123.8      111.7      118.5  
     III     111.8       124.6      111.5      137.0      115.0      122.6      108.4      116.4  
     II      112.8       124.1      110.0      134.8      115.0      119.5      108.5      114.6  
     I       111.9       121.6      108.7      131.7      114.6      117.7      106.1      112.6  

2020 ANNUAL  110.4       116.0      105.1      128.6      113.9      116.5      103.1      110.6  

2020 IV      111.3       119.3      107.2      131.9      115.8      118.5      102.0      111.3  
     III     112.3       117.5      104.7      128.8      113.8      114.7      105.8      110.8  
     II      110.3       107.2       97.2      130.1      116.2      117.9       98.6      109.5  
     I       107.9       120.2      111.4      124.1      109.9      115.0      105.3      110.8  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                     August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
                                                          Real
                                               Hourly     hourly                Unit       Implicit
Year          Labor                            compen-    compen-     Unit      nonlabor   price
and           produc-               Hours      sation     sation      labor     payments   deflator
quarter       tivity     Output     worked     (1)        (2)         costs     (3)        (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 II       -4.6        -2.1        2.6        5.7       -4.4       10.8        7.3        9.4  
     I        -7.4 r      -2.5 r      5.3 r      4.4       -4.4       12.7 r      2.1 r      8.3 r

2021 ANNUAL    1.9         7.4        5.4        5.6        0.9        3.7        4.6        4.0  

2021 IV        6.3         9.0        2.5       10.5        2.4        3.9       13.7        7.8  
     III      -3.9         2.0        6.2        6.3       -0.4       10.6       -0.4        6.0  
     II        3.2         8.5        5.1        9.2        1.1        5.8        6.6        6.1  
     I         2.2         8.4        6.1       -0.6       -4.5       -2.7       16.5        4.6  

2020 ANNUAL    2.4        -4.4       -6.7        7.0        5.7        4.5       -4.9        0.4  

2020 IV       -2.8         6.2        9.2       10.6        8.2       13.8      -15.3        0.9  
     III       6.2        44.6       36.2       -4.7       -9.1      -10.3       31.3        4.7  
     II       10.3       -36.9      -42.7       21.6       25.8       10.3      -21.6       -3.9  
     I        -2.5        -7.4       -5.0        8.7        7.3       11.5      -13.4        0.2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 II       -2.5         1.5        4.1        6.7       -1.7        9.5        5.5        7.8  
     I        -0.6         4.1 r      4.8        7.6       -0.4        8.2        5.3        7.0  

2021 ANNUAL    1.9         7.4        5.4        5.6        0.9        3.7        4.6        4.0  

2021 IV        1.9         6.9        4.9        6.3       -0.4        4.3        8.9        6.1  
     III      -0.4         6.2        6.6        6.3        1.0        6.7        1.2        4.4  
     II        2.2        15.9       13.5        3.4       -1.3        1.2        8.4        4.1  
     I         3.9         1.3       -2.5        6.2        4.3        2.3        0.4        1.5  

2020 ANNUAL    2.4        -4.4       -6.7        7.0        5.7        4.5       -4.9        0.4  

2020 IV        2.7        -2.7       -5.2        8.6        7.3        5.8       -6.8        0.4  
     III       3.7        -3.7       -7.1        7.3        6.0        3.4       -3.3        0.5  
     II        2.5       -11.5      -13.6        8.7        8.2        6.0       -9.0       -0.4  
     I         0.9         0.2       -0.7        3.7        1.6        2.7       -0.8        1.2  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2012=100

2022 II      109.7       125.7      114.6      144.0      113.2      131.3      114.1      123.8  
     I       111.0 r     126.4 r    113.9 r    142.1 r    114.4 r    128.0 r    112.1 r    121.1 r

2021 ANNUAL  112.2       124.2      110.7      136.2      115.2      121.4      108.6      115.8  

2021 IV      113.2       127.2      112.4      140.6      115.7      124.2      111.5      118.7  
     III     111.4       124.5      111.7      137.1      115.0      123.0      108.0      116.5  
     II      112.6       123.9      110.0      135.0      115.2      119.9      108.1      114.8  
     I       111.7       121.4      108.7      132.1      114.8      118.3      106.4      113.1  

2020 ANNUAL  110.1       115.7      105.1      128.9      114.1      117.1      103.8      111.3  

2020 IV      111.1       118.9      107.1      132.2      116.2      119.1      102.4      111.8  
     III     111.8       117.2      104.8      129.0      113.9      115.3      106.8      111.6  
     II      110.2       106.9       97.0      130.5      116.7      118.5       99.8      110.3  
     I       107.5       119.9      111.5      124.3      110.2      115.6      106.0      111.4  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                     August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 II            5.5            4.3           -1.1            4.9           -5.1           -0.5  
     I            -1.0 r          3.9 r          5.0 r          5.8 r         -3.1 r          6.9 r

2021 ANNUAL        2.6 r          5.8 r          3.2            4.5           -0.1            1.9 r

2021 IV           -0.2 r          5.9 r          6.1            9.6            1.6            9.8 r
     III          -2.5            3.8            6.4           -0.8           -7.0            1.7  
     II            9.4 r          5.7 r         -3.3           11.3            2.9            1.7 r
     I            -1.5 r          2.6 r          4.2            0.2           -3.8            1.7 r

2020 ANNUAL        0.2           -6.7           -6.8            7.0            5.7            6.8  

2020 IV            0.4 r          8.3 r          7.8           10.3            7.9            9.8 r
     III          17.8 r         53.0 r         29.9          -11.4          -15.4          -24.8 r
     II           -8.3 r        -43.2 r        -38.0           27.2           31.5           38.6 r
     I             2.0 r         -5.4 r         -7.3            8.0            6.6            5.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 II            0.4            4.5            4.1            4.8           -3.5            4.4  
     I             1.3 r          4.8 r          3.5 r          6.4           -1.5            5.0 r

2021 ANNUAL        2.6 r          5.8 r          3.2            4.5           -0.1            1.9 r

2021 IV            1.2            4.5            3.3            4.9           -1.7            3.7  
     III           1.4 r          5.1 r          3.7            5.1           -0.2            3.7 r
     II            6.3 r         15.8 r          9.0            2.2           -2.5           -3.9 r
     I             1.7 r         -0.8 r         -2.5            5.6            3.7            3.9 r

2020 ANNUAL        0.2           -6.7           -6.8            7.0            5.7            6.8  

2020 IV            2.6 r         -2.8 r         -5.3            7.6            6.3            4.9 r
     III           1.9           -5.4           -7.2            6.9            5.6            4.9 r
     II           -2.6 r        -15.2 r        -12.9           10.0            9.5           13.0 r
     I            -1.3           -3.2 r         -1.9            3.7            1.6            5.1  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2012=100

2022 II           99.2          103.9          104.8          135.5          106.5          136.7  
     I            97.9 r        102.8 r        105.1 r        133.9 r        107.9 r        136.8 r

2021 ANNUAL       97.9 r        100.0 r        102.1          129.1          109.2          131.8 r

2021 IV           98.1 r        101.8 r        103.8          132.0          108.7          134.6 r
     III          98.2 r        100.4 r        102.3          129.0          108.3          131.4 r
     II           98.8 r         99.5 r        100.7          129.3          110.3          130.9 r
     I            96.6 r         98.1 r        101.6          125.9          109.5          130.3 r

2020 ANNUAL       95.4           94.5           99.0          123.5          109.3          129.4  

2020 IV           97.0 r         97.5 r        100.5          125.8          110.5          129.8 r
     III          96.8 r         95.5 r         98.7          122.8          108.5          126.8 r
     II           93.0 r         85.9 r         92.4          126.6          113.1          136.2 r
     I            95.0 r         98.9 r        104.2          119.2          105.6          125.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                     August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 II            6.1            6.0           -0.1            5.3           -4.7           -0.7  
     I            -0.4 r          5.9 r          6.2 r          5.9 r         -3.0 r          6.3 r

2021 ANNUAL        5.1 r          8.1 r          2.9            4.1           -0.5           -0.9 r

2021 IV            2.1 r          6.5 r          4.3           10.3            2.2            8.0 r
     III          -1.2 r          6.7 r          8.0           -8.2          -14.0           -7.1 r
     II            7.5 r          1.0 r         -6.1           13.9            5.4            6.0 r
     I             0.3 r          6.4 r          6.1            1.2           -2.8            0.9 r

2020 ANNUAL        0.1           -8.0           -8.2            7.0            5.7            6.9  

2020 IV            2.9 r          9.1 r          5.9           12.3            9.9            9.1 r
     III          42.7 r         93.7 r         35.7          -15.4          -19.3          -40.7 r
     II          -18.4 r        -53.1 r        -42.5           28.9           33.4           58.0 r
     I            -0.5 r         -8.5 r         -8.0            7.4            6.0            7.9 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 II            1.6            6.3            4.6            3.1           -5.1            1.4  
     I             2.0            5.0            3.0 r          5.1           -2.6            3.1  

2021 ANNUAL        5.1 r          8.1 r          2.9            4.1           -0.5           -0.9 r

2021 IV            2.1 r          5.1 r          2.9            3.9           -2.6            1.8 r
     III           2.3 r          5.7 r          3.3            4.4           -0.8            2.0 r
     II           12.2 r         22.7 r          9.4            2.3           -2.4           -8.8 r
     I             4.7 r          1.3 r         -3.2            5.5            3.6            0.8 r

2020 ANNUAL        0.1           -8.0           -8.2            7.0            5.7            6.9  

2020 IV            4.5 r         -2.4 r         -6.6            7.1            5.8            2.5 r
     III           3.3 r         -5.3 r         -8.3            6.7            5.4            3.3 r
     II           -6.0 r        -20.1 r        -15.1           10.8           10.3           17.9 r
     I            -1.6 r         -4.3 r         -2.8            4.0            1.8            5.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2012=100

2022 II          103.9          107.5          103.4          134.9          106.0          129.8  
     I           102.4 r        105.9 r        103.4 r        133.2 r        107.3 r        130.1 r

2021 ANNUAL      101.8 r        102.3 r        100.5          129.3          109.3          127.0 r

2021 IV          102.5 r        104.4 r        101.9          131.3          108.1          128.1 r
     III         101.9 r        102.8 r        100.8          128.1          107.5          125.7 r
     II          102.3 r        101.1 r         98.9          130.9          111.6          128.0 r
     I           100.4 r        100.9 r        100.5          126.7          110.2          126.2 r

2020 ANNUAL       96.8           94.6           97.7          124.1          109.9          128.2  

2020 IV          100.4 r         99.3 r         99.0          126.3          111.0          125.9 r
     III          99.6 r         97.2 r         97.6          122.7          108.4          123.2 r
     II           91.2 r         82.4 r         90.4          128.0          114.3          140.4 r
     I            95.9 r         99.6 r        103.8          120.1          106.4          125.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                     August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
                                                                             Real
Year              Labor                                       Hourly         hourly          Unit
and               produc-                      Hours          compensa-      compensa-       labor
quarter           tivity        Output         worked         tion (1)       tion (2)        costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 II            5.4            2.6           -2.6            4.0           -5.9           -1.3  
     I            -1.1 r          2.0 r          3.0 r          5.5           -3.4 r          6.6 r

2021 ANNUAL       -0.2 r          3.5 r          3.6            5.3            0.6            5.5 r

2021 IV           -3.5 r          5.1 r          9.0            8.7            0.7           12.7 r
     III          -2.9 r          0.8 r          3.8           14.1            6.9           17.5 r
     II            9.8 r         11.2 r          1.3            7.2           -0.8           -2.3 r
     I            -2.4 r         -1.3 r          1.1           -2.2           -6.0            0.2 r

2020 ANNUAL       -0.4           -4.9           -4.5            7.3            6.0            7.7  

2020 IV           -2.9 r          7.7 r         10.9            7.0            4.7           10.2 r
     III          -0.9 r         19.8 r         21.0           -4.4           -8.8           -3.5 r
     II           -1.0 r        -30.7 r        -30.0           26.3           30.6           27.6 r
     I             4.6 r         -1.8 r         -6.1            9.5            8.1            4.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 II           -0.6            2.6            3.2            8.0           -0.5            8.6  
     I             0.4 r          4.7 r          4.2 r          8.8            0.8            8.4 r

2021 ANNUAL       -0.2 r          3.5 r          3.6            5.3            0.6            5.5 r

2021 IV            0.1 r          3.9 r          3.8            6.8            0.1            6.7 r
     III           0.3 r          4.5 r          4.2            6.4            1.1            6.1 r
     II            0.8 r          9.1 r          8.3            1.8           -2.9            1.0 r
     I            -1.8 r         -3.0 r         -1.3            6.0            4.1            8.0 r

2020 ANNUAL       -0.4           -4.9           -4.5            7.3            6.0            7.7  

2020 IV           -0.1 r         -3.2 r         -3.1            9.1            7.8            9.1 r
     III          -0.1 r         -5.4 r         -5.3            7.6            6.3            7.8 r
     II           -0.3 r         -9.5 r         -9.2            9.1            8.6            9.5 r
     I            -1.1 r         -1.5 r         -0.4            3.6            1.4            4.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Indexes 2012=100

2022 II           97.6          104.6          107.1          137.0          107.6          140.3  
     I            96.4 r        103.9 r        107.8 r        135.7 r        109.3 r        140.8 r

2021 ANNUAL       97.1 r        101.7 r        104.8          129.1          109.2          133.1 r

2021 IV           96.6 r        103.4 r        107.0          133.9          110.2          138.6 r
     III          97.5 r        102.1 r        104.8          131.1          110.0          134.5 r
     II           98.2 r        101.9 r        103.8          126.9          108.2          129.2 r
     I            96.0 r         99.3 r        103.4          124.7          108.4          129.9 r

2020 ANNUAL       97.2           98.3          101.1          122.6          108.6          126.1  

2020 IV           96.5 r         99.6 r        103.2          125.4          110.1          129.9 r
     III          97.2 r         97.7 r        100.5          123.2          108.9          126.7 r
     II           97.5 r         93.4 r         95.8          124.7          111.4          127.9 r
     I            97.7 r        102.4 r        104.8          117.6          104.2          120.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                     August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                        Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics



Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
                                                     Real
                                           Hourly    hourly            Unit      Total           Implicit
Year         Labor                         compen-   compen-   Unit    nonlabor  unit    Unit    price
and          produc-             Hours     sation    sation    labor   costs     costs   profits deflator
quarter      tivity    Output    worked    (1)       (2)       costs   (6)       (7)     (8)     (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)

2022 I        -4.6 r     1.1 r    5.9 r     4.3 r    -4.4 r     9.3 r   26.6 r   14.3 r   -2.1 r   11.7 r

2021 ANNUAL    4.6       9.7      4.9       5.3       0.6       0.7      4.7      1.9     23.0      4.6  

2021 IV        1.1       5.0      3.9       9.8       1.8       8.7     24.0     13.0     -3.7     10.2  
     III       1.8       6.7      4.8       9.2       2.3       7.2     14.4      9.3      0.4      7.8  
     II        1.6       5.7      4.1       9.3       1.1       7.6    -14.4      0.7     58.8      7.9  
     I         3.2       8.9      5.6      -1.8      -5.6      -4.8     18.7      1.6     30.0      5.1  

2020 ANNUAL    2.2      -4.2     -6.2       6.9       5.5       4.6    -10.6     -0.2      2.4      0.1  

2020 IV       17.1      28.4      9.6       8.4       6.1      -7.4     53.3      6.3    -31.4     -0.2  
     III      -0.3      31.7     32.1      -5.2      -9.5      -4.9    -21.4     -9.6    206.1      6.2  
     II        2.7     -39.0    -40.6      23.7      28.0      20.5    -49.3     -6.5     -9.1     -6.8  
     I         0.7      -3.3     -4.0       7.4       6.0       6.6      4.2      5.8    -35.4     -0.4  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year

2022 I        -0.1 r     4.6 r    4.7       8.1       0.2 r     8.2 r   11.4 r    9.2 r   10.7 r    9.4  

2021 ANNUAL    4.6       9.7      4.9       5.3       0.6       0.7      4.7      1.9     23.0      4.6  

2021 IV        1.9       6.6      4.6       6.5      -0.2       4.5      9.6      6.0     18.9      7.7  
     III       5.7      12.1      6.0       6.2       0.9       0.4     15.5      4.4      9.2      5.1  
     II        5.2      18.1     12.3       2.5      -2.2      -2.5      5.2     -0.4     44.3      4.7  
     I         5.5       3.0     -2.4       5.7       3.8       0.2     -7.7     -2.3     25.5      1.0  

2020 ANNUAL    2.2      -4.2     -6.2       6.9       5.5       4.6    -10.6     -0.2      2.4      0.1  

2020 IV        4.8      -0.1     -4.7       8.1       6.8       3.1    -10.7     -1.2      5.4     -0.4  
     III       1.3      -5.6     -6.8       7.1       5.8       5.8    -20.3     -2.5     18.3      0.1  
     II        1.5     -11.6    -12.9       8.8       8.4       7.3    -14.2      0.4    -10.0     -0.9  
     I         1.0       0.4     -0.6       3.7       1.5       2.6      2.1      2.4     -4.9      1.5  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            Indexes 2012=100

2022 I       112.5 r   127.6 r  113.4 r   144.0 r   116.0 r   128.0 r  112.2 r  122.7 r  126.1 r  123.2 r

2021 ANNUAL  113.3     124.7    110.1     137.8     116.5     121.6    100.9    114.7    124.1    116.1  

2021 IV      113.8     127.2    111.8     142.5     117.3     125.2    105.7    118.7    126.7    119.9  
     III     113.5     125.7    110.8     139.2     116.8     122.6    100.2    115.1    127.9    117.0  
     II      113.0     123.7    109.5     136.1     116.1     120.5     96.9    112.6    127.8    114.8  
     I       112.6     122.0    108.4     133.1     115.8     118.3    100.7    112.4    113.8    112.6  

2020 ANNUAL  108.3     113.7    105.0     130.8     115.8     120.8     96.3    112.6    100.9    111.0  

2020 IV      111.7     119.4    106.9     133.7     117.5     119.8     96.5    112.0    106.6    111.2  
     III     107.4     112.2    104.5     131.1     115.8     122.1     86.7    110.3    117.2    111.3  
     II      107.4     104.7     97.5     132.8     118.7     123.6     92.1    113.1     88.6    109.6  
     I       106.7     118.5    111.0     125.9     111.6     118.0    109.1    115.0     90.7    111.6  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6.                                                           August 9, 2022
r=revised                                                              Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. 
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal 
Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of 
Economic Analysis.

SIZE OF REVISIONS:  Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as more 
complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close of the 
reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate approximately 
60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of nonfarm business sector 
quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate by -1.1 to +1.4 percentage point 
about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates for reference quarters from the first 
quarter of 2001 to the first quarter of 2022. For more about revisions to labor productivity growth see 
“How large are revisions to estimates of quarterly labor productivity growth?” at 
www.bls.gov/osmr/research-papers/2021/ec210040.htm.

					Table Footnotes

(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private 
benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include 
an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.

(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers 
(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2021 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series (CPI-U-
RS).

(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and 
imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, 
rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.

(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.

(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to 
three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for 
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal 
places.

(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less 
subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.

(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.

(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption 
adjustment.


Last Modified Date: August 09, 2022