Transmission of this material is embargoed until USDL-09-0933
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
This release was reissued on the afternoon of Tuesday, August 11, 2009, to
correct information on compensation per hour, real compensation per hour,
unit labor costs, and unit non-labor payments in Tables 1 through 5 and
Appendix tables 1 and 2. In the tables, all index levels for these data series
were corrected; as a result, percent changes derived from the corrected index
levels were changed slightly in a few cases. No other portions of the news
release were affected.
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Second Quarter 2009, Preliminary
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today
reported preliminary productivity data--as measured by output per hour of
all persons--for the second quarter of 2009. The seasonally adjusted
annual rates of productivity change in the second quarter were:
6.3 percent in the business sector and
6.4 percent in the nonfarm business sector.
Productivity gains in both sectors were the largest since the third quarter
of 2003, and were due to hours worked declining faster than output.
In manufacturing, the preliminary productivity changes in the second
quarter were:
5.3 percent in manufacturing,
3.9 percent in durable goods manufacturing, and
2.0 percent in nondurable goods manufacturing.
The increases in productivity in all manufacturing sectors were the
result of hours falling faster than output. Output and hours in
manufacturing, which includes about 11 percent of U.S. business-sector
employment, tend to vary more from quarter to quarter than data for the
aggregate business and nonfarm business sectors. Second-quarter measures
are summarized in table A and appear in detail in tables 1 through 5.
The data sources and methods used in the preparation of the
manufacturing series differ from those used in preparing the business and
nonfarm business series, and these measures are not directly comparable.
Output measures for business and nonfarm business are based on measures of
gross domestic product prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the
U.S. Department of Commerce. Quarterly output measures for manufacturing
reflect indexes of industrial production independently prepared by the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. See Technical Notes for
further information on data sources.
==============================================================================
Data in this release reflect the comprehensive revision to the National
Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) released by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on July 31. See Revised Measures.
==============================================================================
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Table A. Productivity and costs: Preliminary second-quarter 2009 measures
(Seasonally adjusted annual rates)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit
Produc- compen- compen- labor
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from preceding quarter
Business 6.3 -1.8 -7.5 0.1 -1.2 -5.8
Nonfarm business 6.4 -1.7 -7.6 0.2 -1.1 -5.8
Manufacturing 5.3 -9.9 -14.4 5.8 4.4 0.5
Durable 3.9 -16.5 -19.6 8.7 7.3 4.7
Nondurable 2.0 -3.4 -5.3 2.0 0.7 0.0
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Percent change from same quarter a year ago
Business 1.9 -5.4 -7.1 1.1 2.1 -0.7
Nonfarm business 1.8 -5.6 -7.3 1.3 2.2 -0.6
Manufacturing -1.3 -15.0 -13.9 6.0 7.0 7.4
Durable -5.0 -21.1 -16.9 7.1 8.1 12.7
Nondurable -0.2 -8.9 -8.6 4.9 5.9 5.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business
Business sector output per hour increased 6.3 percent from the first
quarter to the second quarter of 2009, as output decreased 1.8 percent and
hours of all persons engaged in the sector--employees, proprietors, and
unpaid family workers--fell 7.5 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates).
The productivity increase was the largest since the third quarter of 2003,
when output per hour increased 8.4 percent. From the second quarter of 2008
to the second quarter of 2009 productivity grew 1.9 percent in the business
sector, as output fell 5.4 percent and hours fell 7.1 percent (tables A
and 1). Business sector productivity had grown at an average annual rate of
2.6 percent from 2000 through 2008.
Hourly compensation edged up 0.1 percent in the second quarter of 2009
after falling 2.5 percent in the first quarter (seasonally adjusted annual
rates). Hourly compensation increased 1.1 percent over the last four
quarters. This measure of compensation includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Real hourly compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices,
fell 1.2 percent during the second quarter of 2009 as consumer prices
increased 1.3 percent (seasonally adjusted annual rates).
The change in unit labor costs approximates the change in hourly
compensation less the change in productivity. Unit labor costs decreased
at an annual rate of 5.8 percent during the second quarter of 2009.
The implicit price deflator for the business sector, which reflects changes
in unit labor costs and unit nonlabor payments, decreased 0.1
percent in the second quarter of 2009 and increased 2.1 percent one quarter
earlier.
Nonfarm Business
Productivity increased 6.4 percent in the nonfarm business sector
during the second quarter of 2009, reflecting declines of 1.7 percent in
output and 7.6 percent in hours (seasonally adjusted annual rates). The
productivity gain was the largest since the third quarter of 2003, when
productivity grew at a 9.7 percent annual rate. Over the last four quarters
nonfarm hours have fallen 7.3 percent and output has declined 5.6 percent,
yielding an increase of 1.8 percent in output per hour (tables A and 2).
Nonfarm business productivity increased at an annual rate of 2.5 percent from
2000 through 2008.
Hourly compensation in the nonfarm business sector increased 0.2
percent in the second quarter of 2009, compared to a decrease of 2.4 percent
one quarter earlier. When the 1.3 percent rise in consumer prices was taken
into account, real hourly compensation fell 1.1 percent in the second quarter
of 2009 (seasonally adjusted annual rates).
Nonfarm business unit labor costs fell 5.8 percent in the second
quarter of 2009 due entirely to productivity improvement; hourly compensation
increased slightly. These costs declined 0.6 percent over the last four
quarters, as a 1.8 percent increase in output per hour was partially offset by
a 1.3 percent increase in compensation per hour (tables A and 2). The
implicit price deflator for nonfarm business output decreased 0.2 percent in
the second quarter of 2009 and increased 1.7 percent from the same quarter a
year ago.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing productivity grew 5.3 percent in the second quarter of
2009, as output fell 9.9 percent and hours worked decreased 14.4 percent
(seasonally adjusted annual rates). This was the largest quarterly gain in
manufacturing productivity since the first quarter of 2005, when output per
hour increased at a 7.3 percent annual rate. Over the last four quarters,
manufacturing productivity declined 1.3 percent, as a 15.0 percent drop in
output was largely offset by a 13.9 percent decline in hours worked (tables A
and 3). For the entire 2000-2008 period manufacturing productivity increased
at a 3.3 percent annual rate.
In durable goods industries, productivity rose 3.9 percent in the second
quarter of 2009, as output fell 16.5 percent and hours fell faster, -19.6
percent. This was the third consecutive quarter of double-digit declines in
output and hours in the durable manufacturing sector. In nondurable goods
industries, productivity grew 2.0 percent in the second quarter, reflecting
declines in output and hours of 3.4 percent and 5.3 percent, respectively
(tables A, 4, and 5).
During the second quarter of 2009, hourly compensation grew 5.8
percent in total manufacturing, 8.7 percent in durable manufacturing and 2.0
percent in nondurable manufacturing (seasonally adjusted annual rates). As
revised, manufacturing hourly compensation increased 2.2 percent in the first
quarter; when consumer prices were taken into account, real hourly
compensation of all manufacturing workers rose 4.4 percent in the second
quarter, and 4.6 percent in the first quarter of 2009.
Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 0.5 percent in the second
quarter of 2009; a revised increase of 4.9 percent was reported for the first
quarter of 2009. From the second quarter of 2008 to the second quarter of
2009, unit labor costs increased 7.4 percent (tables A and 3).
Revised measures
In addition to incorporating the most recent information on employment
and hours, consumer prices, and manufacturing output in recent months, the
measures released today reflect the revised National Income and Product
Accounts (NIPA) data released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S.
Department of Commerce, on July 31. NIPA output data for the business,
nonfarm business and nonfinancial corporate sectors were revised historically.
As a result, measures computed by BLS using output, such as productivity, were
revised historically for these sectors. NIPA compensation data used for all
sectors were revised back to 1978. BLS measures involving compensation,
including hourly compensation, real hourly compensation and unit labor costs,
were revised historically for all sectors. The compensation data for
manufacturing sectors for first quarter 2001 forward are on a North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis; data prior to this are on a
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System basis. The measures involving
compensation therefore contain a break in series at 2001. NIPA data on
employment in government enterprises and the proportion of total compensation
paid to employees of corporations and tax-exempt organizations also led to BLS
hours revisions back to 1998. Revised quarterly and annual series for recent
years appear in tables 1-6 and revised annual indexes are displayed in
appendix tables 1-3. Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be
found on the productivity and costs home page http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
Table B presents previous and revised productivity and related measures
for the major sectors: business, nonfarm business and manufacturing, for the
first quarter of 2009 and for the years 2008 through 2006.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table B. Previous and revised productivity and related measures
Percent changes at annual rates
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit
Produc- compen- compen- labor
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First Quarter 2009
Business:
Previous 1.8 -7.2 -8.8 4.5 7.0 2.7
Revised 0.2 -8.7 -8.9 -2.5 -0.1 -2.7
Nonfarm business:
Previous 1.6 -7.6 -9.0 4.6 7.1 3.0
Revised 0.3 -8.8 -9.0 -2.4 -0.1 -2.7
Manufacturing:
Previous -2.7 -21.7 -19.5 13.4 16.1 16.6
Revised -2.6 -21.8 -19.8 2.2 4.6 4.9
Annual average 2008
Business:
Previous 2.7 0.8 -1.9 3.6 -0.2 0.9
Revised 1.9 0.0 -1.9 2.7 -1.1 0.8
Nonfarm business:
Previous 2.8 0.8 -1.9 3.7 -0.2 0.9
Revised 1.8 -0.1 -1.9 2.8 -1.0 1.0
Manufacturing:
Previous 0.9 -3.1 -3.9 4.1 0.3 3.2
Revised 0.8 -3.1 -3.9 3.0 -0.9 2.1
Annual average 2007
Business:
Previous 1.6 2.0 0.5 4.2 1.3 2.6
Revised 1.8 2.2 0.4 4.2 1.3 2.4
Nonfarm business:
Previous 1.4 2.0 0.5 4.1 1.3 2.7
Revised 1.8 2.3 0.5 4.2 1.3 2.3
Manufacturing:
Previous 3.2 1.3 -1.8 3.6 0.7 0.4
Revised 3.2 1.3 -1.8 4.3 1.4 1.1
Annual average 2006
Business:
Previous 0.9 3.0 2.1 3.8 0.5 2.9
Revised 1.0 3.1 2.1 3.8 0.5 2.8
Nonfarm business:
Previous 0.9 3.2 2.2 3.8 0.5 2.8
Revised 0.9 3.1 2.2 3.8 0.5 2.8
Manufacturing:
Previous 1.0 1.8 0.8 4.1 0.8 3.0
Revised 1.0 1.8 0.8 2.0 -1.3 0.9
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In the first quarter of 2009, for the business and nonfarm business
sectors, output was revised down and hours were virtually the same, resulting
in downward revisions to productivity. Hourly compensation was revised down
substantially in both sectors, leading to large downward revisions to unit
labor costs despite the downward revision to productivity.
In the manufacturing sector, productivity declined slightly less than
previously reported in the first quarter of 2009, and the full effect of a
large downward revision to hourly compensation is seen in a corresponding
downward revision to unit labor costs.
For the year 2008, output was revised down in the business and nonfarm
business sectors while hours were not revised, resulting in downward revisions
to productivity. Similar downward revisions to hourly compensation in these
sectors offset the productivity revisions, leaving unit labor costs little
changed. In manufacturing, productivity was little changed while hourly
compensation and unit labor costs were revised down 1.1 percentage points.
For 2007, output and productivity for the business and nonfarm
business sectors were revised up, therefore unit labor costs were revised
down. In manufacturing, hourly compensation and unit labor costs were
revised up in 2007, and in 2006 these same measures were revised down.
Revised Measures: Nonfinancial Corporations
All measures for nonfinancial corporations were revised historically
due to incorporation of the NIPA revision. Output, based on the income side
of the NIPA for nonfinancial corporations, was revised down in the first
quarter, leading to a corresponding downward revision to productivity
(table C). Unit labor costs were revised down as the magnitude of the
downward revision to productivity was less than a downward revision to hourly
compensation. Unit profits fell 20.5 percent, rather than 7.2 percent as
reported June 4. From the first quarter of 2008 through the first quarter of
2009, productivity increased 0.6 percent (table 6).
Output and productivity also were revised down for the year 2008, to
increases of 0.4 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. Because hourly
compensation was revised down about the same, unit labor costs increased at
the same 1.1 percent rate reported previously. As revised, productivity
increased at an average annual rate of 2.3 percent in the nonfinancial
corporate sector from 2000 through 2008.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: Previous and revised productivity and cost
measures
Percent changes at annual rates
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
Sector tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First quarter 2009
Previous -2.1 -12.3 -10.4 6.3 8.8 8.5 -20.5 6.4
Revised. -6.0 -15.9 -10.5 -2.5 -0.2 3.7 -7.2 5.3
Annual average 2008
Previous 2.8 1.3 -1.5 3.9 0.0 1.1 -10.4 0.0
Revised. 1.9 0.4 -1.5 3.0 -0.8 1.1 -16.3 -0.4
Annual average 2007
Previous 0.7 1.4 0.7 4.1 1.2 3.4 -8.8 1.7
Revised. 1.0 1.7 0.7 3.6 0.8 2.6 -9.9 1.7
Annual average 2006
Previous 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.6 0.3 1.8 12.6 3.1
Revised. 1.4 3.7 2.3 2.9 -0.4 1.4 11.7 3.1
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Next release date
The next release of Productivity and Costs is scheduled for 8:30 a.m.
EDT, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2009. Revised second-quarter measures for business,
nonfarm business, and manufacturing will be released at that time, along with
preliminary measures for nonfinancial corporations.
Changes in the presentation of the text sections will be incorporated
in the next press releases; there will be no changes to the format or content
of tables 1 through 6. An example of the new press release format can be
found at http://www.bls.gov/bls/changes_to_text_sections_of_nrs.htm
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector-wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs
held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also
provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours
at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier
years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly
hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS
features measures of employment that count each person only once and
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at
all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the
CPS also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked
at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity
measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to
assign all hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid
duplicating hours data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions
also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 78
percent of the value of GDP in 2000. Nonfarm business, which excludes
farming, accounted for about 77 percent of GDP in 2000.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price
program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using
annual weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly
manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial
production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of
manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the
following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing;
nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing;
fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing; computer
and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance
manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and
related product manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product
manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel
manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing; paper
manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal
products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber
products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of
bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in
the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for
about 54 percent of the value of GDP in 2000.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They
show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services
produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work
of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather,
they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in
technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity,
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill;
and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: Estimates of labor compensation by major sector,
required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are
based primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by
the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit
institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of
domestic employees to derive employee compensation for the business
sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly
identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that
proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same
sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain
estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary
pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit
labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases
and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are
presented in three ways; as index number series where 1992=100, as percent
changes from the corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as
percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual
rate. Annual data are presented both as index number series and percent
changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity
and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent
changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index
numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the
BLS web site, http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS
Division of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal
Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I r139.0 r168.4 r121.2 r175.2 r122.7 r126.0 r136.7 r130.0
II r140.2 r169.8 r121.2 r176.5 r122.4 r125.9 r139.4 r130.9
III r142.1 r171.4 r120.6 r177.8 r122.6 r125.1 r141.9 r131.4
IV r142.6 r172.3 r120.8 r179.6 r122.1 r125.9 r141.9 r131.9
ANNUAL r141.0 r170.5 r120.9 r177.3 r122.4 r125.7 r140.0 r131.0
2008 I r142.7 r171.7 r120.3 r180.3 r121.2 r126.3 r141.7 r132.1
II r143.8 r172.2 r119.8 r181.0 r120.4 r125.9 r143.8 r132.5
III r143.9 r170.6 r118.6 r183.0 r119.9 r127.2 r145.4 r134.0
IV r144.2 r167.4 r116.1 r184.2 r123.3 r127.7 r143.6 r133.6
ANNUAL r143.6 r170.5 r118.7 r182.1 r121.1 r126.8 r143.6 r133.0
2009 I r144.3 r163.6 r113.4 r183.0 r123.3 r126.9 r146.9 r134.3
II 146.5 162.9 111.2 183.1 122.9 125.0 149.9 134.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I r0.9 r0.8 r-0.1 r4.4 r0.6 r3.5 r4.8 4.0
II r3.5 r3.5 0.0 r3.1 r-1.1 r-0.4 r8.0 r2.8
III r5.5 r3.7 -1.7 r3.0 r0.6 r-2.4 r7.4 r1.4
IV r1.6 r2.1 0.5 r4.3 r-1.4 r2.6 r0.2 r1.6
ANNUAL r1.8 r2.2 r0.4 4.2 1.3 r2.4 r3.0 r2.6
2008 I r0.2 r-1.3 -1.5 r1.5 r-3.0 r1.3 r-0.5 r0.6
II r3.1 r1.1 -1.9 r1.6 r-2.8 r-1.5 r5.9 r1.4
III r0.3 r-3.7 -4.0 r4.5 r-1.6 r4.2 r4.5 r4.3
IV r0.8 r-7.2 -8.0 r2.6 r12.0 r1.8 r-4.9 r-1.0
ANNUAL r1.9 r0.0 -1.9 r2.7 r-1.1 r0.8 r2.6 r1.5
2009 I r0.2 r-8.7 r-8.9 r-2.5 r-0.1 r-2.7 r9.5 r2.1
II 6.3 -1.8 -7.5 0.1 -1.2 -5.8 8.6 -0.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I r0.3 r1.5 r1.1 r4.0 r1.6 r3.7 r1.6 r2.9
II r1.0 r2.0 r0.9 r4.4 r1.7 r3.3 r1.9 r2.8
III r3.0 3.0 r0.0 r4.8 r2.4 r1.7 r3.3 r2.4
IV r2.9 r2.5 -0.3 3.7 -0.3 r0.8 r5.1 r2.5
ANNUAL r1.8 r2.2 r0.4 4.2 1.3 r2.4 r3.0 r2.6
2008 I r2.7 r2.0 -0.7 r2.9 r-1.2 r0.2 r3.7 r1.6
II r2.6 r1.4 -1.2 r2.6 r-1.7 r0.0 r3.2 r1.2
III r1.3 r-0.5 -1.7 r2.9 r-2.2 1.6 r2.5 r2.0
IV r1.1 r-2.8 -3.9 r2.5 r1.0 r1.4 r1.2 r1.3
ANNUAL r1.9 r0.0 -1.9 r2.7 r-1.1 r0.8 r2.6 r1.5
2009 I r1.1 r-4.7 -5.7 r1.5 r1.7 r0.4 r3.6 r1.7
II 1.9 -5.4 -7.1 1.1 2.1 -0.7 4.3 1.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I r138.2 r168.8 r122.1 r174.2 r122.1 r126.0 r138.2 r130.5
II r139.2 r170.3 r122.4 r175.1 r121.4 r125.8 r140.9 r131.4
III r141.1 r172.0 r121.9 r176.3 r121.5 r125.0 r143.3 r131.7
IV r141.8 r172.8 r121.9 r178.5 r121.3 r125.9 r143.0 r132.2
ANNUAL r140.1 r171.0 r122.1 r176.0 r121.6 r125.7 r141.4 r131.5
2008 I r141.7 r172.0 r121.4 r179.2 r120.5 r126.4 r142.5 r132.3
II r142.8 r172.6 r120.8 r179.8 r119.6 r125.9 r144.9 r132.9
III r142.8 r170.8 r119.6 r181.8 r119.1 r127.3 r146.6 r134.4
IV r143.1 r167.5 r117.0 r183.1 r122.6 r128.0 r145.3 r134.3
ANNUAL r142.6 r170.7 r119.7 r181.0 r120.4 r126.9 r144.8 r133.5
2009 I r143.2 r163.7 r114.3 r182.0 r122.6 r127.1 r149.2 r135.2
II 145.5 163.0 112.1 182.1 122.2 125.2 152.3 135.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I r1.2 r0.9 r-0.3 r4.7 r0.8 r3.5 r3.9 r3.6
II r2.8 r3.7 0.9 r2.0 r-2.1 r-0.7 r8.1 r2.7
III r5.5 r3.9 -1.5 r2.7 r0.3 r-2.7 r7.0 r1.1
IV r2.0 r1.8 -0.2 r5.0 r-0.7 r3.0 r-0.9 r1.4
ANNUAL r1.8 r2.3 0.5 r4.2 1.3 r2.3 r2.4 r2.3
2008 I r-0.1 r-1.7 r-1.6 r1.7 r-2.8 r1.7 r-1.5 r0.5
II r3.1 r1.3 -1.7 r1.3 r-3.0 r-1.8 6.9 r1.6
III r-0.1 r-4.0 -3.9 r4.5 r-1.6 r4.6 r4.7 r4.6
IV r0.8 r-7.6 -8.3 r2.9 r12.3 r2.0 r-3.5 r-0.2
ANNUAL r1.8 r-0.1 -1.9 r2.8 r-1.0 r1.0 r2.4 r1.5
2009 I r0.3 r-8.8 -9.0 r-2.4 r-0.1 r-2.7 r11.3 r2.7
II 6.4 -1.7 -7.6 0.2 -1.1 -5.8 8.6 -0.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I r0.5 r1.5 r0.9 r4.3 r1.8 r3.7 r1.0 r2.7
II r1.1 r2.1 1.1 r4.3 r1.6 r3.1 r1.3 r2.4
III r2.9 r3.2 r0.2 r4.6 r2.2 r1.6 r2.8 r2.1
IV r2.8 r2.6 -0.3 3.6 -0.4 r0.7 r4.5 r2.2
ANNUAL r1.8 r2.3 0.5 r4.2 1.3 r2.3 r2.4 r2.3
2008 I r2.5 r1.9 -0.6 r2.9 r-1.3 r0.3 r3.1 r1.4
II r2.6 r1.3 -1.3 r2.7 r-1.5 0.1 r2.8 r1.1
III r1.2 r-0.7 -1.9 r3.1 r-2.0 r1.9 r2.3 r2.0
IV r0.9 r-3.0 -4.0 r2.6 r1.0 r1.6 r1.6 r1.6
ANNUAL r1.8 r-0.1 -1.9 r2.8 r-1.0 r1.0 r2.4 r1.5
2009 I r1.0 r-4.8 -5.8 r1.5 r1.7 r0.5 r4.7 2.2
II 1.8 -5.6 -7.3 1.3 2.2 -0.6 5.1 1.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I 176.9 148.0 83.7 r156.1 r109.3 r88.2
II 178.2 149.3 83.8 r156.1 r108.2 r87.6
III 180.1 150.3 83.4 r156.1 r107.6 r86.7
IV 181.6 150.4 82.8 r158.6 r107.8 r87.3
ANNUAL 179.2 149.5 83.4 r156.7 r108.2 r87.4
2008 I 182.8 149.9 82.0 r158.6 r106.6 r86.8
II 181.6 148.0 81.5 r159.7 r106.2 r87.9
III 180.3 144.4 80.1 r161.4 r105.7 r89.5
IV r178.1 r137.2 77.0 r166.0 r111.2 r93.2
ANNUAL r180.7 r144.9 80.2 r161.3 r107.3 r89.3
2009 I 177.0 r129.0 r72.9 r166.9 r112.4 r94.3
II 179.2 125.7 70.1 169.3 113.7 94.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I 3.7 1.8 -1.9 r8.2 r4.2 r4.3
II 3.0 3.4 0.4 r0.0 r-4.1 r-3.0
III 4.4 2.7 -1.6 r0.1 r-2.2 r-4.1
IV 3.3 0.3 -2.9 r6.5 r0.7 r3.1
ANNUAL 3.2 1.3 -1.8 r4.3 r1.4 r1.1
2008 I 2.6 -1.2 -3.7 r0.1 r-4.3 r-2.5
II -2.5 -5.2 -2.7 r2.8 r-1.6 r5.4
III -2.9 -9.3 -6.5 r4.3 r-1.7 r7.5
IV r-4.7 r-18.4 -14.4 r12.0 r22.2 r17.5
ANNUAL r0.8 -3.1 -3.9 r3.0 r-0.9 r2.1
2009 I r-2.6 r-21.8 r-19.8 r2.2 r4.6 r4.9
II 5.3 -9.9 -14.4 5.8 4.4 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I 2.5 0.4 -2.0 r4.3 r1.9 r1.8
II 3.3 1.3 -2.0 r4.9 r2.1 r1.5
III 3.3 1.6 -1.6 r4.5 r2.1 r1.2
IV 3.6 2.0 -1.5 r3.6 r-0.4 r0.0
ANNUAL 3.2 1.3 -1.8 r4.3 r1.4 r1.1
2008 I 3.3 1.3 -2.0 r1.6 r-2.5 r-1.7
II 1.9 -0.9 -2.7 r2.3 r-1.9 r0.4
III 0.1 -3.9 -4.0 r3.4 r-1.8 r3.3
IV -1.9 -8.7 -7.0 r4.7 r3.1 r6.7
ANNUAL r0.8 -3.1 -3.9 r3.0 r-0.9 r2.1
2009 I -3.2 -13.9 r-11.1 r5.3 r5.5 r8.7
II -1.3 -15.0 -13.9 6.0 7.0 7.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I 204.1 180.4 88.4 r159.8 r112.0 r78.3
II 206.9 183.0 88.5 r159.1 r110.3 r76.9
III 209.7 185.0 88.2 r159.3 r109.8 r76.0
IV 212.9 185.7 87.2 r161.8 r110.0 r76.0
ANNUAL 208.4 183.5 88.1 r160.0 r110.5 r76.8
2008 I 213.6 185.3 86.8 r161.2 r108.4 r75.5
II 211.1 181.8 86.1 r162.8 r108.3 r77.1
III 212.2 178.1 83.9 r165.2 r108.2 r77.8
IV r204.3 r165.1 80.8 r169.4 r113.4 r82.9
ANNUAL r210.4 r177.6 84.4 r164.5 r109.4 r78.2
2009 I r198.7 r150.1 r75.6 r170.7 r115.0 r85.9
II 200.6 143.5 71.5 174.4 117.0 86.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I 4.2 1.2 -2.9 r10.0 r6.0 r5.6
II 5.6 6.0 0.4 r-1.7 r-5.7 r-6.9
III 5.6 4.4 -1.1 r0.4 r-1.9 r-4.9
IV 6.3 1.4 -4.5 6.3 0.5 r0.1
ANNUAL 4.0 1.8 -2.1 r4.7 r1.8 r0.7
2008 I 1.2 -0.9 -2.0 r-1.4 r-5.7 r-2.5
II -4.6 -7.3 -2.9 r4.1 r-0.4 r9.1
III 2.2 -7.9 -9.9 r6.0 r-0.2 r3.6
IV r-14.2 -26.2 -14.1 10.5 r20.6 r28.8
ANNUAL 0.9 -3.3 -4.2 r2.8 r-1.0 r1.9
2009 I r-10.5 r-31.5 r-23.5 r3.3 r5.7 r15.4
II 3.9 -16.5 -19.6 8.7 7.3 4.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I 2.6 0.3 -2.3 r4.9 r2.4 r2.2
II 4.1 1.4 -2.6 r5.3 r2.6 r1.2
III 4.0 2.3 -1.6 r5.0 r2.7 r1.0
IV 5.4 3.2 -2.1 r3.7 r-0.3 r-1.6
ANNUAL 4.0 1.8 -2.1 r4.7 r1.8 r0.7
2008 I 4.6 2.7 -1.8 r0.9 r-3.2 r-3.6
II 2.0 -0.7 -2.6 r2.3 r-1.9 r0.3
III 1.2 -3.7 -4.9 r3.7 r-1.5 r2.5
IV r-4.1 -11.1 -7.3 r4.7 r3.1 r9.1
ANNUAL 0.9 -3.3 -4.2 r2.8 r-1.0 r1.9
2009 I -6.9 r-19.0 r-12.9 r5.9 r6.1 r13.8
II -5.0 -21.1 -16.9 7.1 8.1 12.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Year Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit
and hour of of all tion per tion per labor
quarter all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I 151.3 115.9 76.6 r148.4 r104.0 r98.1
II 151.4 116.0 76.7 r149.6 r103.8 r98.9
III 152.6 116.3 76.2 r149.4 r103.0 r97.9
IV 152.3 116.0 76.2 r152.0 r103.3 r99.8
ANNUAL 151.9 116.1 76.4 r149.9 r103.5 r98.7
2008 I 154.3 115.6 74.9 r153.0 r102.8 r99.1
II 154.2 114.8 74.4 r153.1 r101.8 r99.3
III 150.1 111.6 74.4 r153.9 r100.8 r102.5
IV r152.3 r108.7 71.4 r159.3 r106.6 r104.6
ANNUAL r152.7 r112.7 73.8 r154.8 r102.9 r101.3
2009 I r153.1 r105.5 r69.0 r159.7 r107.6 r104.4
II 153.8 104.6 68.0 160.6 107.8 104.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I 2.4 2.4 0.0 r4.9 r1.1 r2.4
II 0.3 0.7 0.4 r3.3 r-0.9 r3.0
III 3.4 0.8 -2.5 r-0.6 r-2.9 r-3.9
IV -0.9 -0.9 0.0 r7.1 r1.3 r8.0
ANNUAL 2.0 0.9 -1.1 r3.6 r0.8 r1.6
2008 I 5.4 -1.4 -6.5 r2.6 r-1.9 r-2.7
II -0.4 -2.8 -2.5 r0.2 r-4.1 r0.6
III -10.2 -10.6 -0.5 r2.1 r-3.8 r13.7
IV r6.0 r-9.9 -15.0 r14.7 r25.2 r8.2
ANNUAL 0.6 -2.9 -3.4 r3.3 r-0.6 r2.7
2009 I r2.0 r-11.3 r-13.0 r1.2 r3.6 r-0.7
II 2.0 -3.4 -5.3 2.0 0.7 0.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I 2.3 0.7 -1.6 r3.4 r0.9 r1.1
II 2.1 1.2 -0.9 r4.1 r1.4 r2.0
III 2.5 0.9 -1.6 r3.4 r1.1 r0.9
IV 1.3 0.8 -0.5 r3.7 r-0.4 r2.3
ANNUAL 2.0 0.9 -1.1 r3.6 r0.8 r1.6
2008 I 2.0 -0.2 -2.2 r3.1 r-1.1 r1.0
II 1.9 -1.1 -2.9 r2.3 r-1.9 r0.4
III -1.7 -4.0 -2.4 r3.0 r-2.1 r4.7
IV 0.0 r-6.3 -6.3 r4.8 r3.2 r4.8
ANNUAL 0.6 -2.9 -3.4 r3.3 r-0.6 r2.7
2009 I -0.8 r-8.7 -8.0 r4.4 r4.6 r5.3
II -0.2 -8.9 -8.6 4.9 5.9 5.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Output Hourly Real Unit Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- hourly Unit non- unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation compen- labor labor costs fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) sation(2) costs costs(6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 1992=100
2007 I r143.5 r175.1 r122.0 r164.2 r115.0 r114.4 r123.1 r116.8 r171.2 r121.8
II r144.5 r176.5 r122.1 r165.2 r114.6 r114.4 r124.9 r117.2 r171.8 r122.2
III r144.1 r175.8 r122.0 r166.2 r114.5 r115.3 r127.4 r118.6 r155.6 r122.0
IV r145.9 r178.5 r122.3 r168.3 r114.4 r115.3 r127.9 r118.7 r149.9 r121.6
ANNUAL r144.5 r176.5 r122.1 r166.0 r114.6 r114.9 r125.8 r117.8 r162.1 r121.9
2008 I r145.0 r176.9 r122.0 r168.6 r113.4 r116.3 r129.1 r119.8 r133.0 r121.0
II r147.4 r178.8 r121.3 r169.7 r112.9 r115.1 r129.2 r118.9 r134.7 r120.4
III r148.6 r178.4 r120.1 r171.8 r112.5 r115.6 r129.8 r119.4 r145.3 r121.8
IV r148.0 r174.6 r117.9 r173.7 r116.3 r117.3 r134.1 r121.8 r129.5 r122.5
ANNUAL r147.2 r177.2 r120.3 r170.9 r113.7 r116.1 r130.5 r120.0 r135.7 r121.4
2009 I r145.8 r167.2 r114.7 r172.6 r116.2 r118.4 r138.6 r123.8 r127.1 r124.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2007 I r-0.2 r0.2 0.4 r4.3 r0.4 r4.5 r7.5 r5.3 r-10.2 r3.2
II r2.8 r3.2 0.4 r2.5 r-1.6 r-0.3 r5.8 r1.4 r1.5 r1.4
III r-1.1 r-1.5 -0.4 r2.3 r-0.1 r3.4 r8.2 r4.8 r-32.7 r-0.7
IV r5.3 r6.2 0.9 r5.3 r-0.4 r0.0 r1.5 r0.5 r-13.8 r-1.3
ANNUAL r1.0 r1.7 0.7 r3.6 r0.8 r2.6 r5.8 r3.5 r-9.9 1.7
2008 I r-2.7 r-3.6 r-1.0 r0.7 r-3.7 r3.5 r3.9 r3.6 r-38.0 r-1.9
II r6.9 r4.4 r-2.4 r2.6 r-1.8 r-4.0 r0.5 r-2.7 r5.0 r-2.0
III r3.2 r-0.8 -3.9 r4.9 r-1.2 r1.6 r1.8 r1.6 r35.5 r4.8
IV r-1.4 r-8.3 -6.9 r4.6 r14.1 r6.1 r13.9 r8.3 r-37.0 r2.4
ANNUAL r1.9 r0.4 -1.5 r3.0 r-0.8 1.1 r3.7 r1.8 r-16.3 r-0.4
2009 I r-6.0 r-15.9 r-10.5 r-2.5 r-0.2 r3.7 r14.2 r6.7 r-7.2 r5.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2007 I r0.3 r1.4 1.1 r3.3 r0.8 r2.9 r5.5 r3.7 r-3.0 r2.8
II r1.7 r2.6 0.9 r3.7 r1.0 r2.0 r5.0 r2.8 r-2.2 r2.1
III r0.5 r0.9 0.4 r4.0 r1.6 r3.5 r7.0 r4.5 r-18.7 r1.1
IV r1.6 r2.0 0.3 r3.6 r-0.4 r1.9 r5.7 r3.0 r-14.7 r0.6
ANNUAL r1.0 r1.7 0.7 r3.6 r0.8 r2.6 r5.8 r3.5 r-9.9 1.7
2008 I r1.0 r1.0 0.0 r2.7 r-1.5 r1.7 r4.8 r2.6 r-22.3 r-0.6
II r2.0 r1.3 -0.7 r2.7 r-1.5 r0.7 r3.5 r1.5 r-21.6 r-1.5
III r3.1 r1.5 -1.6 r3.4 r-1.8 r0.2 r1.9 r0.7 r-6.6 r-0.1
IV r1.4 r-2.2 r-3.6 r3.2 r1.6 1.7 r4.9 r2.6 r-13.6 r0.8
ANNUAL r1.9 r0.4 -1.5 r3.0 r-0.8 1.1 r3.7 r1.8 r-16.3 r-0.4
2009 I r0.6 r-5.5 r-6.0 r2.3 r2.5 r1.8 r7.4 r3.4 r-4.5 r2.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as
more complete information becomes available. The measures are first
published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions
appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days.
In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a
quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the
initial value by between -1.5 and +1.4 index points approximately 95
percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this
measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 2009.
Footnotes, Tables 1-6
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2008 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
average indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices
Indexes 1992=100
Real
Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
Year all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1947 r32.2 r20.4 63.4 r7.0 r41.2 r21.8 r18.5 r20.6
1948 r33.7 r21.5 63.8 r7.6 r41.3 r22.6 r20.6 r21.9
1949 r34.5 r21.3 61.8 r7.7 r42.4 r22.4 r20.4 r21.6
1950 r37.4 r23.4 62.6 r8.3 r44.8 r22.1 r21.5 r21.9
1951 r38.5 r24.9 64.6 r9.1 r45.5 r23.5 r23.7 r23.6
1952 r39.6 r25.7 64.8 r9.6 r47.4 r24.3 r23.1 r23.8
1953 r41.1 r26.9 65.6 r10.2 r50.0 r24.9 r22.5 r24.0
1954 r41.9 r26.6 63.4 r10.6 r51.3 r25.2 r22.4 r24.1
1955 r43.7 r28.7 65.8 r10.8 r52.8 r24.8 r23.9 r24.5
1956 r43.8 r29.2 66.8 r11.5 r55.4 r26.4 r23.4 r25.3
1957 r45.1 r29.7 65.8 r12.3 r57.1 r27.2 r24.1 r26.1
1958 r46.4 r29.2 62.9 r12.8 r58.0 r27.6 r24.6 r26.5
1959 r48.2 r31.6 65.5 r13.4 r60.0 r27.7 r25.1 r26.7
1960 r49.1 r32.2 65.6 r13.9 r61.4 r28.4 r24.7 r27.0
1961 r50.8 r32.8 64.6 r14.5 r63.2 r28.5 r25.1 r27.2
1962 r53.1 r34.9 65.8 r15.1 r65.3 r28.4 r25.9 r27.5
1963 r55.2 r36.5 66.2 r15.6 r66.8 r28.3 r26.5 r27.7
1964 r57.0 r38.9 68.1 r16.2 r68.4 r28.5 r27.2 r28.0
1965 r59.1 r41.6 70.4 r16.8 r69.8 r28.5 r28.3 r28.4
1966 r61.5 r44.4 72.3 r18.0 r72.4 r29.2 r28.9 r29.1
1967 r62.8 r45.3 72.1 r19.0 r74.3 r30.2 r29.4 r29.9
1968 r65.0 r47.5 73.2 r20.5 r77.0 r31.6 r30.3 r31.1
1969 r65.3 r49.0 75.0 r22.0 r78.1 r33.6 r30.7 r32.5
1970 r66.6 r49.0 73.5 r23.6 r79.6 r35.5 r31.3 r33.9
1971 r69.3 r50.8 73.3 r25.1 r81.0 r36.2 r33.9 r35.4
1972 r71.6 r54.1 75.6 r26.7 r83.5 r37.3 r35.4 r36.6
1973 r73.7 r57.9 78.5 r29.0 r85.2 r39.3 r37.3 r38.5
1974 r72.5 r57.0 78.7 r31.8 r84.1 r43.8 r39.7 r42.3
1975 r75.1 r56.5 75.3 r35.0 r85.0 r46.6 r46.0 r46.4
1976 r77.5 r60.2 77.8 r38.0 r87.3 r49.1 r48.4 r48.8
1977 r78.8 r63.6 80.7 r41.1 r88.5 r52.1 r51.2 r51.8
1978 r79.6 r67.6 84.9 r44.6 r89.9 r56.0 r54.5 r55.4
1979 r79.6 r69.8 87.7 r48.9 r89.9 r61.4 r58.0 r60.1
1980 r79.4 r69.1 87.0 r54.1 r89.5 r68.1 r61.2 r65.6
1981 r81.1 r71.0 87.6 r59.2 r89.5 r73.1 r69.1 r71.6
1982 r80.4 r68.8 85.6 r63.5 r90.5 r79.0 r70.1 r75.7
1983 r83.3 r72.5 87.1 r66.1 r90.3 r79.4 r76.4 r78.3
1984 r85.5 r78.8 92.2 r68.9 r90.5 r80.6 r80.4 r80.5
1985 r87.5 r82.5 94.3 r72.1 r91.6 r82.5 r82.4 r82.4
1986 r90.0 r85.6 95.1 r75.8 r94.5 r84.3 r82.9 r83.8
1987 r90.3 r88.4 97.9 r78.6 r94.8 r87.1 r83.7 r85.8
1988 r91.6 r92.2 100.6 r82.7 r96.2 r90.3 r85.6 r88.5
1989 r92.6 r95.6 103.3 r84.9 r94.7 r91.7 r91.9 r91.8
1990 r94.5 r97.1 102.7 r90.3 r96.0 r95.6 r94.1 r95.0
1991 r96.0 r96.2 100.2 r95.0 r97.4 r98.9 r96.7 r98.1
1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1993 r100.5 r103.2 102.7 r102.2 r99.8 r101.7 r102.4 r102.0
1994 r101.4 r108.3 106.8 r103.8 r99.2 r102.3 r106.1 r103.7
1995 r101.5 r111.3 109.7 r105.9 r98.8 r104.4 r107.6 r105.6
1996 r104.4 r116.4 111.5 r109.5 r99.5 r104.9 r111.3 r107.3
1997 r106.3 r122.4 115.2 r113.1 r100.6 r106.4 r113.3 r109.0
1998 r109.4 r128.6 r117.5 r120.0 r105.3 r109.6 r109.8 r109.7
1999 r113.3 r135.7 r119.8 r125.4 r107.8 r110.7 r110.5 r110.6
2000 r117.2 r141.9 r121.0 r134.6 r111.9 r114.8 r108.9 r112.6
2001 r120.7 r143.0 r118.4 r140.9 r114.0 r116.7 r111.0 r114.6
2002 r126.2 r145.8 r115.6 r145.3 r115.6 r115.1 r116.1 r115.5
2003 r131.0 r150.3 r114.7 r152.3 r118.6 r116.2 r118.7 r117.1
2004 r134.9 r156.5 r116.1 r157.6 r119.5 r116.9 r125.8 r120.2
2005 r137.1 r161.8 r118.0 r163.8 r120.2 r119.5 r131.9 r124.1
2006 r138.5 r166.8 r120.4 r170.1 r120.8 r122.8 r135.9 r127.7
2007 r141.0 r170.5 r120.9 r177.3 r122.4 r125.7 r140.0 r131.0
2008 r143.6 r170.5 r118.7 r182.1 r121.1 r126.8 r143.6 r133.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices
Indexes 1992=100
Real
Output per Hours Compensa- compensa- Unit Unit non- Implicit
hour of of all tion per tion per labor labor pay- price
Year all persons Output persons hour (1) hour (2) costs ments (3) deflator (4)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1947 r37.0 r20.1 54.2 r7.5 r43.8 r20.2 r17.8 r19.3
1948 r38.1 r21.0 55.1 r8.1 r44.0 r21.3 r19.4 r20.6
1949 r39.3 r20.8 53.0 r8.4 r45.9 r21.3 r19.9 r20.8
1950 r42.0 r22.9 54.7 r8.9 r48.0 r21.1 r20.8 r21.0
1951 r43.1 r24.7 57.2 r9.6 r48.3 r22.3 r22.4 22.4
1952 r43.9 r25.4 57.9 r10.2 r50.0 r23.2 r22.3 r22.8
1953 r44.9 r26.6 59.3 r10.7 r52.4 r23.9 r22.2 r23.3
1954 r45.7 r26.2 57.3 r11.1 r53.7 r24.2 r22.2 r23.5
1955 r47.7 r28.4 59.6 r11.5 r55.9 r24.1 r23.6 r23.9
1956 r47.3 r28.9 61.1 r12.2 r58.4 r25.7 r23.0 r24.7
1957 r48.5 r29.5 60.7 r12.9 r59.8 r26.5 r23.8 r25.5
1958 r49.6 r28.9 58.2 r13.4 r60.5 r27.0 r24.0 r25.9
1959 r51.5 r31.4 60.9 r13.9 r62.4 r27.0 r24.9 r26.2
1960 r52.1 r31.9 61.2 r14.5 r64.0 r27.8 r24.2 r26.5
1961 r53.7 r32.5 60.6 r15.0 r65.5 r27.9 r24.7 r26.7
1962 r56.2 r34.8 61.9 r15.6 r67.4 r27.7 r25.7 r27.0
1963 r58.1 r36.4 62.6 r16.1 r68.8 r27.7 r26.2 r27.2
1964 r59.8 r38.8 64.9 r16.6 r70.0 r27.8 r27.1 r27.5
1965 r61.7 r41.6 67.4 r17.2 r71.2 r27.8 r28.0 r27.9
1966 r63.9 r44.6 69.8 r18.2 r73.3 r28.5 r28.6 r28.5
1967 r65.0 r45.3 69.7 r19.3 r75.3 r29.6 r29.1 r29.4
1968 r67.2 r47.7 71.0 r20.8 r77.9 r30.9 r30.1 r30.6
1969 r67.3 r49.2 73.0 r22.2 r78.9 r32.9 r30.3 r32.0
1970 r68.3 r49.1 71.9 r23.8 r80.0 r34.8 r31.0 r33.4
1971 r71.1 r51.0 71.7 r25.3 r81.5 r35.6 r33.5 r34.8
1972 r73.4 r54.4 74.0 r26.9 r84.1 r36.7 r34.7 r35.9
1973 r75.7 r58.3 77.0 r29.1 r85.6 r38.4 r35.1 r37.2
1974 r74.5 r57.5 77.2 r31.9 r84.6 r42.9 r37.9 r41.0
1975 r76.6 r56.6 73.9 r35.2 r85.4 r45.9 r44.6 r45.4
1976 r79.1 r60.5 76.5 r38.1 r87.5 r48.2 r47.5 r47.9
1977 r80.4 r63.9 79.5 r41.2 r88.9 r51.3 r50.4 r51.0
1978 r81.4 r68.1 83.7 r44.9 r90.4 r55.1 r53.1 r54.4
1979 r81.1 r70.2 86.6 r49.1 r90.2 r60.5 r56.3 r59.0
1980 r80.9 r69.5 85.9 r54.3 r89.9 r67.2 r60.4 r64.7
1981 r82.0 r71.0 86.6 r59.6 r90.0 r72.7 r67.8 r70.9
1982 r81.1 r68.7 84.7 r63.8 r90.9 r78.7 r69.4 r75.3
1983 r84.7 r73.1 86.3 r66.5 r90.9 r78.5 r76.2 r77.7
1984 r86.4 r79.1 91.6 r69.2 r90.9 r80.1 r79.5 r79.9
1985 r87.8 r82.5 94.0 r72.3 r91.8 r82.3 r81.9 r82.2
1986 r90.5 r85.7 94.7 r76.1 r94.9 r84.1 r82.7 r83.6
1987 r90.8 r88.6 97.6 r78.8 r95.1 r86.8 r83.4 r85.6
1988 r92.3 r92.6 100.4 r82.8 r96.3 r89.7 r85.5 r88.2
1989 r93.0 r95.9 103.1 r84.9 r94.7 r91.3 r91.5 r91.4
1990 r94.7 r97.3 102.7 r90.2 r95.8 r95.2 r93.9 r94.7
1991 r96.2 r96.4 100.2 r94.9 r97.3 r98.7 r96.9 r98.1
1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1993 r100.6 r103.5 102.9 r102.0 r99.6 r101.4 r102.9 r102.0
1994 r101.6 r108.3 106.6 r103.8 r99.2 r102.2 r106.6 r103.8
1995 r102.0 r111.8 109.6 r106.0 r98.9 r103.9 r108.7 r105.7
1996 r104.6 r116.7 111.5 r109.5 r99.5 r104.6 r111.4 r107.1
1997 r106.2 r122.6 115.4 r112.9 r100.4 r106.3 r114.0 r109.1
1998 r109.4 r128.9 r117.9 r119.7 r105.0 r109.4 r110.9 r110.0
1999 r113.0 r136.1 r120.5 r124.8 r107.3 r110.5 r112.0 r111.0
2000 r116.8 r142.2 r121.7 r134.1 r111.5 r114.8 r110.5 r113.2
2001 r120.2 r143.4 r119.3 r140.1 r113.3 r116.5 r112.6 r115.1
2002 r125.7 r146.2 r116.3 r144.5 r115.0 r115.0 r118.1 r116.1
2003 r130.3 r150.6 r115.5 r151.4 r117.9 r116.2 r120.1 r117.6
2004 r134.0 r156.8 r117.0 r156.6 r118.7 r116.8 r126.7 r120.4
2005 r136.2 r162.0 r118.9 r162.8 r119.4 r119.5 r133.6 r124.7
2006 r137.5 r167.1 r121.5 r169.0 r120.0 r122.9 r138.0 r128.5
2007 r140.1 r171.0 r122.1 r176.0 r121.6 r125.7 r141.4 r131.5
2008 r142.6 r170.7 r119.7 r181.0 r120.4 r126.9 r144.8 r133.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices
Indexes 1992=100
Output Hourly Real Unit Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- hourly Unit non- unit pro- price
employee Employee sation compen labor labor costs fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) sation(2) costs costs(6) (7) (8) (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1958 r51.6 r24.8 48.0 r15.0 r67.8 r29.1 r24.5 r27.8 r46.0 r29.5
1959 r54.2 r27.6 50.9 r15.6 r69.9 r28.7 r23.5 r27.3 r53.6 r29.7
1960 r55.1 r28.5 51.7 r16.2 r71.5 r29.4 r24.0 r27.9 r49.4 r29.9
1961 r56.9 r29.2 51.3 r16.7 r73.0 r29.4 r24.4 r28.1 r49.5 r30.0
1962 r59.4 r31.7 53.3 r17.4 r75.1 r29.2 r24.1 r27.8 r53.4 r30.2
1963 r61.6 r33.6 54.5 r17.9 r76.4 r29.1 r23.9 r27.7 r56.5 r30.3
1964 r62.6 r35.9 57.5 r18.2 r76.9 r29.2 r23.9 r27.7 r58.6 r30.6
1965 r64.1 r38.9 60.7 r18.8 r77.8 r29.3 r23.7 r27.8 r63.0 r31.0
1966 r65.3 r41.7 63.9 r19.8 r79.9 r30.4 r23.8 r28.6 r62.7 r31.7
1967 r66.3 r42.8 64.6 r20.9 r81.9 r31.6 r25.3 r29.9 r58.6 r32.5
1968 r68.7 r45.6 66.4 r22.5 r84.5 r32.8 r26.8 r31.2 r58.4 r33.7
1969 r68.8 r47.5 69.0 r24.1 r85.6 r34.9 r29.0 r33.3 r52.9 r35.1
1970 r69.3 r47.1 67.9 r25.7 r86.7 r37.1 r32.6 r35.9 r43.2 r36.6
1971 r72.3 r49.0 67.8 r27.3 r88.2 r37.8 r34.2 r36.9 r48.8 r38.0
1972 r73.8 r52.8 71.6 r28.8 r90.0 r39.1 r34.1 r37.7 r53.0 r39.1
1973 r74.5 r56.0 75.2 r31.0 r91.3 r41.6 r36.0 r40.1 r53.6 r41.3
1974 r73.0 r55.1 75.5 r34.0 r90.0 r46.5 r41.3 r45.1 r47.5 r45.3
1975 r75.8 r54.3 71.7 r37.3 r90.6 r49.2 r47.0 r48.6 r61.5 r49.8
1976 r78.4 r58.8 75.0 r40.3 r92.6 r51.5 r46.7 r50.2 r69.5 r52.0
1977 r80.5 r63.1 78.4 r43.5 r93.9 r54.1 r48.4 r52.6 r75.9 r54.7
1978 r81.5 r67.3 82.5 r47.6 r95.9 r58.4 r50.8 r56.3 r78.7 r58.4
1979 r80.8 r69.3 85.8 r51.9 r95.4 r64.2 r55.4 r61.8 r73.9 r62.9
1980 r80.5 r68.6 85.2 r57.1 r94.5 r70.9 r64.9 r69.3 r66.3 r69.0
1981 r82.6 r71.3 86.4 r62.2 r94.0 r75.4 r73.9 r75.0 r79.0 r75.4
1982 r82.8 r69.6 84.1 r66.3 r94.5 r80.1 r82.0 r80.6 r72.9 r79.9
1983 r85.4 r72.9 85.3 r68.8 r94.0 r80.5 r82.2 r81.0 r88.6 r81.7
1984 r87.4 r79.3 90.8 r71.6 r94.0 r82.0 r81.4 r81.8 r106.4 r84.1
1985 r89.2 r82.8 92.9 r74.8 r95.0 r83.9 r83.6 r83.8 r101.8 r85.5
1986 r91.1 r84.9 93.2 r78.6 r97.9 r86.2 r87.5 r86.6 r87.3 r86.6
1987 r93.0 r89.3 96.1 r81.2 r97.9 r87.3 r86.6 r87.1 r98.3 88.1
1988 r95.4 r94.5 99.1 r84.6 r98.4 88.7 r87.7 r88.4 r108.8 r90.3
1989 r94.0 r96.0 102.2 r86.7 r96.6 r92.2 r93.3 r92.5 r99.7 r93.2
1990 r95.1 r97.5 102.5 r90.8 r96.5 r95.6 r97.5 r96.1 r95.9 r96.1
1991 r97.4 r97.0 99.6 r95.4 r97.8 r97.9 r102.6 r99.2 r94.4 98.7
1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1993 r100.2 r102.6 102.4 r101.8 r99.3 r101.6 r99.3 r101.0 r114.4 r102.2
1994 r102.3 r109.2 106.8 r103.6 r99.0 r101.3 r99.6 r100.9 r134.0 r103.9
1995 r103.4 r114.4 110.6 r105.4 r98.4 r102.0 r100.0 r101.5 r139.0 r104.9
1996 r107.2 r120.7 112.6 r108.5 r98.6 r101.3 r99.4 r100.8 r150.4 105.3
1997 r110.0 r128.6 116.9 r111.9 r99.5 r101.7 r99.4 r101.1 r154.0 r105.9
1998 r113.8 r136.0 r119.5 r118.6 r104.0 r104.2 r99.8 r103.0 r135.1 r105.9
1999 r117.8 r143.9 r122.2 r123.8 r106.4 r105.1 r102.2 r104.3 r125.2 r106.2
2000 r122.4 r151.5 r123.8 r132.9 r110.5 r108.6 r105.8 r107.9 r104.2 107.5
2001 r123.5 r148.7 r120.4 r137.3 r111.0 r111.2 r112.3 r111.5 r84.0 r109.0
2002 r127.9 r149.4 r116.8 r140.9 r112.2 r110.2 r112.9 r110.9 r96.6 r109.6
2003 r133.0 r153.1 r115.1 r147.3 r114.7 r110.8 r112.7 r111.3 r107.3 r110.9
2004 r137.5 r160.3 r116.6 r150.9 r114.4 r109.7 r111.3 r110.1 r142.7 r113.1
2005 r141.0 r167.3 r118.6 r155.7 r114.2 r110.4 r115.4 r111.8 r161.1 r116.3
2006 r143.0 r173.5 r121.3 r160.2 r113.8 r112.0 r118.9 r113.8 r179.9 r119.9
2007 r144.5 r176.5 r122.1 r166.0 r114.6 r114.9 r125.8 r117.8 r162.1 r121.9
2008 r147.2 r177.2 r120.3 r170.9 r113.7 r116.1 r130.5 r120.0 r135.7 r121.4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. August 11, 2009
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
